Meru Betiri National Park Research Articles

Spatial Distribution Patterns of Lantana camara L. Population as Invasive Alien Species In Pringtali Savana Bandealit Resort Meru Betiri National Park

Bandealit is one of the resorts in Meru Betiri National Park (MBNP). This area has many endemic floras and faunas affected by the presence of invasive alien spesies plants. These plants tend to give negative impacts on savana ecosystem among them is, Lantana camara L. The distribution of this invasive alien spesies in the savana can be used to provide information about the characteristic of the environment. This study was conducted to investigate the patterns of spatial distribution of invasive alien L. camara population in the Pringtali Resort Bandealit savana region. The characters of plant species morphology was recorded for species name identification and validation. Percent cover of the individual L. camara species was collected within 50 plots (5x5 m2), while each of coordinate species found in the plots was recorded by using GPS (Global Positioning System). Abiotic factors such as temperature, pH, light intensity, and soil moisture were measured within the plots. The location of the data collection is 5,000 m2. The distribution pattern of invasive alien L. camara population was analyzed using ArcGIS and Dispersion Morisita’s Index (Ip). The result showed that 51.7% of L. camara population grew spasially close together (clumped) or overlapped one another based on the ArcGIS. This means that L. camara individuals distributein clumped pattern. While the other individuals (48.3%) grew apart randomly from each other. This distribution pattern showed by Ip value, 0.51 was also clumped or clustered. It can be concluded that the distribution pattern ofinvasive alien species L. camara is clumped because the reproduction of plant was by seeds dispersal or vegetative buds that lived around parental individuals.Keywords: ArcGIS, Lantana camara L., Invasive Foreign Plants, Morisita index, Distribution Pattern.

Potency and Conservation of Aren (Arenga pinnata (Wurmb) Merr.) in Meru Betiri National Park, East Java-Indonesia

Aren (Arenga pinnata (Wurmb) Merr.) is a high ecological and economical value species of Indonesia. Aren grows spreading in Indonesia including at Meru Betiri National Park in the province of East Java, Indonesia. The community in Meru Betiri National Park uses aren fruit which is called kolang-kaling. Even though aren grows naturally in this area, the community has not maximized its utilization. This study aims to identify the actual and ideal conditions for aren conservation also to analyse the gap between them, and to formulate the conservation actions to realize a sustainable aren conservation in Meru Betiri National Park. The data wascollected by using vegetation analysis and in-depth interviews with all of the aren farmers. Aren regeneration in Meru Betiri National Park is categorized stable and seems to be decreased. The use of aren by the community is limited only from the fruit as kolang-kaling. There is a gap between current and ideal conditions for achieving aren sustainability. To achieve the ideal conditions, conservation actions are needed among aren farmers by utilizing agroforestry systems, increasing the value of aren, intensive coaching for aren farmers, and forming a group of aren farmer

Structural modelling of riparian tree diversity and ecosystem degradation roles in determining the water quality of springs and its drains in East Java

This research was aimed to study the role of riparian trees and ecosystem degradation to determine water quality in some springs and its channels located in East Java. The research was held in some selected degraded springs in Kediri, Pasuruan, Malang, and the Meru Betiri National Park located in Jember, as a reference site. In each spring, three sites including upstream, midstream, and downstream were observed. The field observation consisted of several steps such as land use quality at river land side, geographical conditions, riparian tree diversity and water quality, quality of springs physical condition, and its channels. Riparian trees role to determine the water quality was analyzed by applying Partial Least Square analysis with Smart PLS software. Structural modelling of the interaction of riparian trees diversity with some determining variables of water quality revealed that there was an important role of riparian diversity quality towards water quality. The value of predictive relevance (Q 2 ) was 99.11% and the model could be accepted. The riparian trees diversity and geographical conditions directly influenced the water colour and its turbidity. The quality of land use at several water bodies did not directly influence the water colour and its turbidity. Therefore, water colour and its transparency at channels were directly influenced by riparian width, ecosystem degradation shown by naturalness index, hemeroby index, environmental services index, and the slope of landside.

Empowered Communities: Increasing The Role of Communities in Management and Conservation in Meru Betiri National Park

Economic industrialization has an impact on human to more frequently in exploiting forests. During the colonial era, forest management rights were fully centralized to the state, people living around forests were considered a threat that would damage forest sustainability. This results in the community losing control of access to economic resources from the forest. This discrimination continued until the New Order regime came to power. The paradigm that marginalizes the community around the forest becomes a catalyst for the community to loot the forest. The purpose of this study is to identify threats to forest sustainability and provide alternative solutions to solve the problem. The research site is in the Meru Betiri National Park, a unique area that was targeted for forest looting during the early reform period. The research method uses literature studies and Participatory action research. Literature study is needed to analyze how the structure of forest tenure, and Participatory Action Research is carried out to provide appropriate action in providing solutions to problems that occur. The results showed that the source of the threat of forest destruction comes from the lack of community role in the management of the forest itself. Troubleshooting solutions are presented in this article.

Study of High Nature Value Farmland (HNVf) in Rehabilitation Area, Block Donglo, Meru Betiri National Park

This study aims to quantitatively analyze the agricultural commodities in the rehabilitation area and their relationship qualitatively in an understanding of biodiversity conservation. The research was held in the Rehabilitation area, Donglo Block, Wonoasri resort, Meru Betiri National Park (-8.41158, 113.67849). Vegetation analysis was held by using a circle method with (r=17.1 m) for trees and 5 square method (1x1 m) for ground cover. We applied the point count method (r=20 m) in this study to observe diurnal birds. Mammal observations were held on each land with an area of 500 m 2 by an observer. The observations showed that Jackfruit Arthocarpus heterophyllus (highest INP = 81.46) provided perch for insectivorous birds: Sooty-headed Bulbul, Black-winged Flycatcher-shrike, and Collared Kingfisher. The average circumference of trees reaches 73 cm and height reaches 8.4 m. Peje Pueraria javanica is a ground cover plant that dominates among other commodities in the Donglo (INP=58.73). Wild boar Sus scrofa and long-tailed monkeys Macaca fascicularis appear in groups (5-20 individuals) as pests. Six of the 9 bird species identified as insectivores. White-bellied Sea-eagle has a role as a carnivore. Only a species has granivore roles.

Education environment society buffer forest Wonoasri Betiri Meru National Park through approach participatory

This research was conducted with the aim to improve the practical understanding of society buffer forest Wonoasri Betiri Meru National Park design with the participation of they directly to carry out various ecological improvement activities by adding the amount of productive endemic vegetation such as durian, langsep, candlenut, grip, Java chili and pepper. Besides that, life skills are improved in order to increase community economic income such as animal feed, raising rangrang ants, herbal medicine making, natural color batik skills with animal and plant theme Meru Betiri National Park such as Javanese eagle motifs, Raflesia flowers, Javanese tiger claws, and so on, and other life skills improvement. The study was conducted for 15 months from 2016 to 2018. The results showed that the provision of environmental education that was designed in a participatory manner in the ecological community of Wonoasri had increased as follows. Soil fertility increased (from less than 1 to 1.3%), the addition of edemic tree stands to 91,824 seedlings, the formation of a land management understanding of 451 land tenure farmers, increased kabon uptake (from 974 tCO2eq to 1,913 tCO2eq), increased oxygen production (from 842t to 871t), plant diversity and Arthropods (from low to medium diversity, H = 1 to H = 2.5). As for aspects of life skills, there was an increase with the formation of 8 economic clusters

Crabs in Bandealit Estuary Resort of Meru Betiri National Park

Crabs are macrobenthos with characters that are attached to or resting on a base or live on basic sediments. The role of crabs in the ecosystem includes converting nutrients and enhancing mineralization, increasing the distribution of oxygen in the soil, helping carbon life cycles, and providing natural food for various types of aquatic biota. This research was conducted in the estuary area of ​​the Meru Betiri National Park (TNMB) Resort Bandealit. Identification results from 37 individual crabs at the Estuary Resort Bandealit Meru Betiri National Park (TNMB) obtained 5 species from 2 families (Portunidae and Sesarmidae). In the family Portunidae, there are 3 types, namely Scylla tranquebarica, Scylla paramamosain, and Scylla olivacea. Whereas in the family Sesarmidae found 2 types, namely Parasesarma pictum and Parasesarma cognatum.
 Keywords: Crab, Bandealit Resort, Identification

Critical Factors and Institutional Role in Strengthening Capacity of National Parks: Analysis of Meru Betiri National Park, Indonesia Using Interpretative Structural Modeling

There are several factors suspected of ineffective rehabilitation and conservation of the Meru Betiri National Park. These important factors need to be identified to improve the management of the park. The purpose of this study was to identify and examine the relationship between the factors that influence the achievement of rehabilitation and conservation of the park. The method of this research used a systematic approach to be identified, analyzed, and explained the influential critical factors. Data and information collection was carried out through interviews with experts, management of Meru Betiri National Park, Jember Regency Government and then Focus Group Discussions with stakeholders and farmers. The information and data obtained were analyzed using Interpretative Structural Modeling (ISM). The results showed the three critical factors in achieving the purpose of the programs, such as the synergy between the management of the park and Jember district government; availability of appropriate technology; and the development of institutional capacity for local communities, then the three critical factors of institutional role are Meru Betiri National Park; and Development Planning Agency of Jember Regency; and Higher Education. The implication of this study is a policy intervention is needed to improve the management of Meru Betiri National Park in the future.

RELASI SOSIAL DALAM PENGELOLAAN LAHAN REHABILITASI TAMAN NASIONAL MERU BETIRI (Studi Kasus Desa Wonoasri Kecamatan Tempurejo Kabupaten Jember)

Forest rehabilitation in Meru Betiri National Park is the main point in environmental sustainability. Forest land rehabilitation activities include breeding ecosystems for security in the forest. The method of determining the research area is done intentionally (purposive method) and the research method uses a qualitative approach. Determination of informants is done by snowball sampling method. The data collection method was carried out by observation, interview and document study and analyzed using the Miles and Huberman analysis method. The results showed that social relations that occur in the management of rehabilitation have 2 forms of domains, namely 1) interpersonal domains that can be seen with communal relations, collegial relations and hirearkis relations. Judging from its power relations are divided into symmetrical and asymmetrical relationships. Symmetrical relationship occurs between rehab land farmers where rehab land farmers have an equal position can be seen from daily relationships and friendly relations in managing rehabilitation land. Asymmetrical relationship that occurs in the rehabilitation of land management occurs between the TNMB and farmers of the rehabilitation land where the TNMB party has the highest authority in the management of rehabilitation land.
 Keywords : Social Relation, Rehabilitation land, Meru Betiri National Park

Phytochemical Screening and the Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Medicinal Plants of Meru Betiri National Park – Indonesia

ABSTRACT The Meru Betiri National Park in Indonesia is host to more than 266 medicinal plants species, of which 10 were investigated for their phytochemicals as well as antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. A majority of the tested plant species contained polyphenols. The crude leaf extracts of Dioscorea esculenta possessed the highest antioxidant activity with IC50 of 26.8 µg mL−1. Escherichia coli was sensitive to Bryophyllum pinnatum and Hibiscus tilliaceus leaf extracts with similar minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) of 250 µg mL−1. Klebsiella pneumoniae was sensitive to Moringa oleifera leaf extract with MIC of 125 µg mL−1. Staphylococcus aureus was the most sensitive to leaf extracts of Hibiscus tilliaceus with MIC of 62.5 µg mL−1, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was sensitive to Lunasia amara leaf extract with MIC of 125 µg mL−1. Autobiographic TLC confirmed the presence of anti-microbial constituents in L. amara leaf extract.

Diversity of freshwater crab (decapoda) in meru betiri national park

The abundance of flora and fauna in tropical forests throughout Indonesia is very high. Indonesian fauna shows its diversity in terms of ecology found in various ecosystem types. One of them is freshwater ecosystem. Freshwater crabs have a wide habitat distribution so they can be found in various forms of freshwater. This study aimed to determine the level of diversity and determine the abiotic conditions of freshwater crab habitat. The location determination of sampling was done purposively along with road sampling. The tools used to catch freshwater crabs were bubu and tray net. The results obtained in the Meru Betiri National Park, especially in Andongrejo and Bandealit resorts, revealed that five species of freshwater crabs consist of three families. The diversity index of freshwater crabs in both resorts is relatively low. That is because most freshwater crab species belongs to endemic animals because of their limited spreading ability, relatively low fecundity, and stenotopic habits. Meru Betiri National Park has abiotic conditions that are ideal for supporting freshwater crab life.

The diversity of gastropoda in meru betiri national park

National Park plays important role in maintaining natural ecosystems such as freshwater ecosystems. Meru Betiri National Park is loacted in southern East Java, it covers two regencies, Banyuwangi and Jember. A recent survey was carried out in two resorts, Bandealit and Andongrejo, to study the diversity of freshwater gastropoda. We had collected 86 specimens which consisted of five families, seven genera, and nine species. Seven species were found from Andongrejo and four species were found from Bandealit. River in the Bandealit primary forest area had the highest diversity with four species. The relations between diversity and environmental conditions will be discussed briefly in this paper.

Diversity of freshwater shrimp (decapoda) from bandealit rivers meru betiri national park, East Java, Indonesia

Freshwater ecosystems are habitat for macroinvertebrate, fish and reptile groups. One of the macroinvertebrates that can be found in freshwater habitat is shrimp which belongs to the class of Crustaceae, order of Decapoda. This study aims to determine diversity and the abiotic conditions of freshwater shrimp habitat. Determination of sampling locations was done by purposive sampling based on the habitat type of freshwater shrimp and followed by road sampling that takes the straight path from the designated sampling location. The tools used to catch freshwater shrimp are traps and tray nett. The results obtained in the Bandealit river of Meru Betiri National Park were five species of freshwater shrimp consisting of 2 families. The diversity index of freshwater shrimp in the Bandealit river was classified as moderate by the analysis of diversity index. Meru Betiri National Park has ideal abiotic conditions for freshwater shrimp life.

New record of Varuna litterata (Fabricius, 1798) from Meru Betiri National Park, East Java, Indonesia

Some freshwater crabs can be found from brackish up to the freshwater habitats. The crab of the family Varunidae, i.e. Varuna litterata (Fabricius, 1798) has unique migration distribution pattern because it is a euryhaline and catadromous species. The Varunid species is distributed throughout the Indo Pacific region. The purpose of this study was to determine the existence of V. litterata in Meru Betiri National Park (MBNP). Specimens were collected along the rivers passing Andongrejo and Bandealit resorts in MBNP by road sampling method on various habitats, and from lowland up to the middle stretch. The collected specimens were preserved in 70% ethanol. V. litterata was found mainly in settlements at lowland area. This species can migrate to the freshwater as far as 31 Km from the coast. During the collecting time, large females were found in coastal area showing this species association with marine life.

Vegetation structure, composition and diversity in agroforestry system in Andongrejo Village, Jember Regency, East Java

Andongrejo Village is one of the buffer villages of Meru Betiri National Park (TNMB). The lack of baseline data related to the diversity of vegetation in agroforestry system surrounding TNMB requires further research as a conservation effort and sustainable ecosystem management purpose. The objectives of this research were to: (a) analyze the structure and composition of vegetation in agroforestry system, (b) analyze the diversity of vegetation in agroforestry system, as well as (c) analyze correlation of canopy density with the diversity of seedlings and understorey in agroforestry system in Andongrejo village, Jember Regency, East Java. The method used was purposive vegetation sampling and vegetation analysis. The number of individual (ind/ha) in all three canopy density classes did not show reverse J-curve. The dominant species found were Banana (Musa sp.), Teak (Tectona grandis), and Sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria). The species richness and diversity index at all tree level growth were clasified into low diversity and low species richness. The higher percentage of canopy density results in the higher individuals per ha and the number of species per ha (r = 0.500 and r = 0.696). The implementation of enrichment planting with species that has high economic value at all tree level growth are necessary. Introducing fruit species is one of alternative ways to increase the local community’s income and conserve the diversity in agroforestry system. Silviculture technique (eg prunning) is necessary to maintain the diversity and tree level growth in this location.

TATA KELOLA TAMAN NASIONAL MERU BETIRI (TNMB) BERDASARKAN ASPEK GEOLOGI LINGKUNGAN

Meru Betiri National Park (TNMB) is a natural conservation area related to land use that impact on the environment. Land-use suitability with land capability is essential so that the impact of the geological environment that can occur can be reduced and controlled. The research aims to determine the aspects of environmental geology and zoning land capability for governance of TNMB. Geological aspects of the environmental order that support this research are morphology (slope), lithology, hydrogeology (river density), and land cover. Each aspect is a parameter in the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) evaluation method. The weight of each parameter of the AHP evaluation result is 26% for slope, 19% for lithology, 11% for river density, and 44% for land cover. The result of overlay parameters yields a score of each zoning and is classified into 4 (four) zoning land capabilities for governance of TNMB. The land use zone for governance of TNMB is divided into high capability zones, medium capability, low capability, and very low capability. High and medium capability zones can be used as conservation of TNMB primary forests.

Product design of kolang kaling grass jelly drink through the application of quality function deployment method (case study in meru betiri national park, banyuwangi district)

Kolang kaling grass jelly drink is a functional food product that is beneficial for health. Consumer demand for beverage products that have a good impact on health is increasing due to high public awareness of the importance of health. The home industry of kolang kaling grass jelly drink must be able to know the criteria of attributes needed and desired by consumers. One effective method for determining the needs and desires of consumers is Quality Function Deployment (QFD). This method starts from the product planning matrix (house of quality), followed by the planning matrix, the process planning matrix, and the production planning matrix. From the results of the QFD analysis, it is necessary to improve the planning process of making grass jelly drinks, then realized using the strategy formulation implementation strategy based on mapping the main needs and performance to be achieved. Through the QFD approach, it is expected to help businesspeople formulate process improvement priorities so they can produce jelly drink products that are following the wants and needs of consumers.

USE AND COMMUNITY ATTITUTE TOWARD RAFFLESIA ZOLLINGERIANA AND ITS CONSERVATION IN MERU BETIRI NATIONAL PARK

Conservation efforts will succeed if it involves the community so that the utilization of certain species and the attitude of the surrounding community are very important to be known. This study aims to find the utilization of Rafflesia zollingeriana so far and how the attitudes of the surrounding community towards R. zollingeriana, as well as its conservations. R. zollingeriana has been collected by the community around Meru Betiri National Park (MBNP) to be utilized as medicinal materials. The survey results indicated that the community's knowledge and awareness towards R. zollingeriana and its conservation are still low. Utilization of R. zollingeriana mainly occurs due to its economic value. Hence the adopted conservation policy must integrate sustainable use and economic interests of the surrounding community. The recommended form of conservation for R. zollingeriana is ecotourism. This activity should involve relevant stakeholders, among others the community, MBNP, local government, private sector, NGOs, researchers, and academics. There are two proposed areas for the development of R. zollingeriana ecotourism, namely Teluk Hijau and Sukamade beaches. The management of these two locations must pay attention to the aspects of the prevention, mitigation, and recovery. In addition, it is recommended to carry out routine inventory and propagation activities of R. zollingeriana by involving the collaboration of stakeholders, so that the population of R. zollingeriana in MBNP can be sustained for various purposes.

Population structure, vegetation composition and economic potentials of Parkia timoriana in Meru Betiri National Park, East Java, Indonesia

Abstract. Hidayati AN, Zuhud EAM, Andarwulan N. 2020. Population structure, vegetation composition and economic potentials of Parkia timoriana in Meru Betiri National Park, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 203-210. Kedawung (Parkia timoriana (DC.) Merr.) is one of rare medicinal plant species because it is only found in a small part of Indonesia. P. timoriana has high ecological and economic potential because it contains various active compounds such as anticancer. This study was aimed to investigate the population structure, vegetation community composition, and distribution, as well as the potential production and economic values of P. timoriana in rehabilitation zone in Meru Betiri National Park, East Java, Indonesia. The methods used were vegetation analysis, direct observation, and in-depth interviews with selected respondents using purposive sampling. We found that P. timoriana population at the study sites was only at tree and pole stages, while no sapling and seedling was found. This condition implies that regeneration of P. timoriana at the study sites was not happening which can threaten its sustainability in the future. P. timoriana dominated the vegetation at the studied sites which were indicated by the highest importance value index. Utilization of P. timoriana by the local community was by selling the seeds to medicinal industries or used as herbal medicine. While having conservation values, the management of P. timoriana stands in Andongrejo Resort also had the potential to generate economic values up to 17.6 billion rupiahs. Considering the great economic potential of P. timoriana and to ensure sustainability, so that nursery, breeding and regeneration of P. timoriana should be made in order to obtain the best quality seeds.

Insects as Pollinator of Rafflesia zollingeriana Koord. Flower in Resort Bandealit, Meru Betiri National Park

Rafflesia zollingeriana Koord. is a typical Indonesian flora located in Meru Betiri National Park. It is a diesis flower whose need pollinators for its pollination. This study guessed to predict the type of insect pollinators of R. zollingeriana Koord. at Bandealit Resort, Meru Betiri National Park (TNMB). Data retrieval uses yellow pan trap and sweeps net for observing flying insects and behavioral observation to deal with insects that are active in R. zollingeriana Koord. Measurements of temperature, humidity, and canopy density carried out on sample plots. Estimation of pollinator done by comparing flying insects found with insects that are active in flower. There are 589 individuals of insect trapped consisting of 45 families, 12 orders, and five individuals unidentified. There are four female flowers and one male flower that blooms. Attractive insects as pollinators are Lucilia from Calliphoridae family, Diptera order.