Merger Point Research Articles

Women coaches, professionalisation, and national governing body mergers in England, 1989–2000

ABSTRACT Between 1989 and 2000, many women’s sports which had previously been governed separately to men’s sport were forced into ‘mergers’ with male governing bodies. These processes were profoundly disempowering for the women involved, often leaving them with very limited voice and representation in the governance of their sport post-merger. In this article, I detail the experiences of female coaches caught up in these merger processes, based on an analysis of archival documents and oral history interviews across six sports (squash, athletics, football, hockey, lacrosse and cricket). For some women coaches, the mergers proved a positive step on the path to professionalisation: they began to be paid for work which previously was often done for free. However, in other cases, elite coaching roles were removed and reallocated to men at the point of merger. Prior to the mergers, many women’s sports were coached entirely or predominantly by women; however, the mergers led to the loss of a generation of women coaches who were either actively pushed out or were asked to ‘requalify’ for their roles and left coaching altogether. The legacies of the mergers are still evident today in the structural gender discrimination which operates across contemporary British sport coaching.

Fungal skin for robots

Advancements in mycelium technology, stemming from fungal electronics and the development of living mycelium composites and skins, have opened new avenues in the fusion of biological and artificial systems. This paper explores an experimental endeavour that successfully incorporates living, self-regenerating, and reactive Ganoderma sessile mycelium into a model cyborg figure, creating a bio-cybernetic entity. The mycelium, cultivated using established techniques, was homogeneously grown on the cyborg model’s surface, demonstrating robust reactivity to various stimuli such as light exposure and touch. This innovative merger points towards the future of sustainable biomaterials and the potential integration of these materials into new and existing technologies.

Black hole black string phase transition in Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity

We investigate the presence of a black hole black string phase transition in Einstein Gauss Bonnet (EGB) gravity in the large dimension limit. The merger point is the static spacetime connecting the black string phase with the black hole phase. We consider several ranges of the Gauss-Bonnet parameter. We find that there is a range when the Gauss-Bonnet corrections are subordinate to the Einstein gravity terms in the large dimension limit, and yet the merger point geometry does not approach a black hole away from the neck. We cannot rule out a topology changing phase transition as argued by Kol. However as the merger point geometry does not approach the black hole geometry asymptotically it is not obvious that the transition is directly to a black hole phase. We also demonstrate that for another range of the Gauss-Bonnet parameter, the merger point geometry approaches the black hole geometry asymptotically when a certain parameter depending on the Gauss-Bonnet parameter $\alpha$ and on the parameters in the Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet black hole metric is small enough.

Vortex suppression of the tip leakage flow over a NACA0009 hydrofoil via a passive jet induced by the double-control-hole

Tip leakage vortex (TLV) frequently occurring in bladed energy conversion machines may induce flow loss as well as cavitation. The double-curved-hole (DC hole) structures located at the 10%–25% chord near the leading edge of the foil are adopted to induce a passive jet thus suppressing the tip leakage vortex structures in this paper. The control effects and the control mechanisms of three DC hole positions are illustrated by numerical analyses based on the rotation-curvature corrected shear stress transport (SST) k-ω turbulence model and the Zwart-Gerber-Belamri (ZGB) cavitation model. The results demonstrate that the passive jet from the DC hole could divide the TLV into several parts and induce new vortical structures. The newborn vortical structures can be classified into three types: weakened tip leakage vortex (WTLV), newborn secondary tip leakage vortex (NSTLV) and hole separation vortex (HSV). The control effects for different tip clearance are greatly related to the DC hole location. Once the DC hole locates near the merger point of the tip leakage vortex and the tip separation vortex, it could achieve the best control effects. Besides, TLV core pressure could be improved thus suppressing the local cavitation, and the lift-drag ratio for different inlet velocities can be slightly reduced.

Circularly symmetric solutions of minimal massive gravity at its merger point

I find all the static circularly symmetric solutions of minimal massive 3D gravity at its merger point, construct stationary versions of these and discuss some of their geometric and physical properties. It turns out that apart from a static hairy black hole, there is also a static gravitational soliton, that has been overlooked in the literature.

Zer da lehenago, aditzoina ala partizipioa? Oharrak euskararen kronologiarako / Which came first: the verb root or the participle? Notes for the chronology of Basque

Lan honetan aditzoinaren eta partizipioaren arteko erlazioaren historian sakondu nahi dut. Datuen bidez ikusiko dugu beren arteko oposaketak diakronikoki ñabardura gehiago dituela sinkronikoki ematen duena baino eta, funtsean, euskara historikoan dakusguna ezin dela aitzineuskarara eraman bere horretan. Ildo honetatik, hipotesi indartsuago bat jarriko dut frogapean, alegia, aditzoin historikoa jatorriz Erdi Aroko lehen lekukotasunak baino lehen elkartu-eratorrien lotunean eragina izan zuten hots-aldaketa arau ezagunek sortutako irregulartasunen morfologizatzearen ondorio dela. Hipotesi honek, lehen azaldu gabe zeuden zenbait fenomeno (Trask-en *emanite erako aditz-izenak, adibidez) azaltzeaz gainera, aditz sistema historikoaren eraketarekin lotutako beste fenomeno batzuen sorreraz, izaeraz edota kronologiaz ere aurrerapenak egiteko aukera ematen digu, hala nola perfektuzko perifrasiez eta -itu partizipio pleonastikoez.

Magnetic-field creation by solar-mass neutrino jets

Parity violation and its effects for neutrinos in astrophysical contexts have been considered earlier in pioneering papers of Hawking and Vilenkin. But because even the largest magnetic moments predicted by physics beyond the Standard Model are some twelve orders of magnitude smaller than the Bohr magneton, their implications for magnetic-field generation and neutrino oscillations are generally considered insignificant. Here we show that since in astrophysical scenarios a huge number of neutrinos may be emitted, the smallness of the magnetic moment, when coupled with parity violation, is compensated by the sheer number of neutrinos. The merger of neutron stars would leave behind a short pulse of electromagnetic synchrotron radiation even if the neutrino jet in the merger points away from the neutrino detectors. We show that the magnetic field can be as large as 106 Gauss and comment on the possibility of direct detection. Observation of such a pulse would lend strong support for neutrino magnetic moments and resolve the missing neutrino problem in neutron star mergers.

Hyperonic neutron star matter in light of GW170817

Since 2013, the mass of pulsar PSR J0348 + 0432 (M = 2.01M⊙) has provided a tight constraint on neutron star (NS) equation of state. However, a number of different analyses of the recently detected binary neutron star (BNS) merger (GW170817) point to a maximum NS mass around 2.16M⊙. In addition, a recent study determined the mass of the millisecond pulsar PSR J2215 + 5135 to be . In this work, we investigate the presence of hyperons in NS matter in light of these new mass measurements using equations of state calculated in the relativistic mean‐field approximation. Particular attention is paid to the use of the available empirical data from the study of hypernuclei and that of the SU(3) symmetry relations in fixing the meson‐hyperon coupling constants. We find that hyperonic equations of state with reasonable choices for the meson‐hyperon coupling constants can satisfy these new mass constraints, with hyperons potentially accounting for more than 10% of the baryons in the core of a NS.

Homogeneous solutions of minimal massive 3D gravity

In this paper we systematically construct simply transitive homogeneous spacetime solutions of the three-dimensional Minimal Massive Gravity (MMG) model. In addition to those that have analogs in Topologically Massive Gravity, such as warped AdS and pp-waves, there are several solutions genuine to MMG. Among them, there is a stationary Lifshitz metric with the dynamical exponent z=-1 and an anisotropic Lifshitz solution where all coordinates scale differently. Moreover, we identify a homogeneous Kundt type solution at the chiral point of the theory. We also show that in a particular limit of the physical parameters in which the Cotton tensor drops out from the MMG field equation, homogeneous solutions exist only at the merger point in the parameter space if they are not conformally flat.

Extracción termomecánica y caracterización fisicoquímica del aceite de aguacate (Persea americana Mill. cv. Hass)

Se realizó la extracción del aceite de la pulpa de frutos de aguacate (Persea americana Mill. cv. Hass) en madurez organoléptica correspondiente al día doce después de cosechado, por ser el día que presentó mayor concentración lipídica equivalente al 20% ± 2. Se utilizó el sistema de extracción mediante un proceso termomecánico, la variable respuesta fue el rendimiento de aceite obtenido expresado en porcentaje y la variable control fue la temperatura de extracción. La caracterización fisicoquímica; índice de yodo, índice de acidez (%) expresado como ácido oleico,índice de saponificación (mg KOH/g), índice de refracción a 25°C, índice de peróxidos (meq O2/Kg), índice de peróxidos (meq O2/Kg), punto de fusión (°C), punto de humo (°C), vitamina E, capacidad antioxidante, fenoles totales, y el perfil lipídico de los ácidos grasos se realizó al aceite obtenido con temperatura de extracción de 55 °C por ser ésta la que presentó mayor porcentaje de rendimiento equivalente al 60,2% respecto a la concentración total de aceite presente en la pulpa. El aceite de aguacate obtenido puede clasificarse como extra virgen, con alto contenido en ácidos grasos ω3, ω6 y Vitamina E correspondiente a 759,29 mg/100g, 12.862,30 mg/100 g y 10,11 mg/100 g respectivamente, lo cual posiciona el aceite de aguacate como un alimento altamente nutritivo y potencialmente funcional.

Kundt solutions of minimal massive 3D gravity

We construct Kundt solutions of Minimal Massive Gravity theory and show that, similar to Topologically Massive Gravity (TMG), most of them are constant scalar invariant (CSI) spacetimes, that correspond to deformations of round and warped (A)dS. We also find an explicit non-CSI Kundt solution at the merger point. Finally, we give their algebraic classification with respect to the traceless Ricci tensor (Segre classification) and show that their Segre-types match with the types of their counterparts in TMG.

A Hybrid Multi-Tenant Database Schema for Multi-Level Quality of Service

Software as a Service (SaaS) providers can serve hundreds of thousands of customers using sharable resources to reduce costs. Multi-tenancy architecture allows SaaS providers to run a single application and a database instance, which support multiple tenants with various business needs and priorities. Until now, the database management systems (DBMSs) have not had the notion of multi-tenancy, and they have not been equipped to handle customization or scalability requirements, that are typical in multi-tenant applications. The multi-tenant database performance should adapt to tenants workloads and fit their special requirements. In this paper, we propose a new multi-tenant database schema design approach, that adapts to multi-tenant application requirements, in addition to tenants needs of data security, isolation, queries performance and response time speed. Our proposed methodology provides a trade-off between the performance and the storage space. This proposal caters for the diversity in tenants via defining multi-level quality of service for the different types of tenants, depending on tenant rate and system rate. The proposal presents a new technique to distribute data in a multi-tenant database horizontally to a set of allotment tables using an isolation point, and vertically to a set of extension tables using a merger point. Finally, we present a prototype implementation of our method using a real-world case study, showing that the proposed solution can achieve high scalability and increase performance for tenants who need speedy performance and economize storage space for tenants who do not have demanding quality of service.

Optimal Angle of Needle Entry for Internal Jugular Vein Catheterization with a Neutral Head Position: A CT Study

Purpose: The aim of this study is to determine the optimal angle of needle entry in the sagittal plane for internal jugular vein (IJV) catheterization with the central approach while the head is in the neutral position. Methods: The contrast–enhanced carotid artery computed tomography angiographies of 123 consecutive patients were retrospectively reviewed. The point of merger between the sternal and clavicular heads of the sternocleidomastoid muscle was assumed as a clinical entry (CE) point. The angle between CE point and the center of the IJV, the depth, diameter of the vessels and the degree of overlap between the IJV and carotid artery (CA) were measured. Results: The angles between the CE point and the center of the IJVs were similar, 7° ± 13° medial and 8° ± 12° medial on the right and the left side, respectively. The center of IJVs from the CE point was between 0° and 16° toward the medial in 79.8% on the right side and 89.9% on the left side of patients. The diameters of the right IJVs were greater than the left IJVs (p = 0.001). The depth from the skin and overlap between IJV and CA did not vary between the two sides. Conclusions: When a central approach is used for right internal jugular vein (RIJV) cannulation with a neutral head position, the orientation of the angle of needle entry (i.e., 16°) medially in the sagittal plane may quadruple the success rate of RIJV catheterization compared to the success rate of a laterally oriented angle of entry as recommended by the classic method.

CFD Study of Merging Turbulent Plane Jets

A series of two-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of merging turbulent plane jets were conducted to establish the point at which the jets can be regarded as having merged to form a single jet. Simulations were conducted to quantify the influence of the nozzle width, jet axis separation, Reynolds number, and the relative jet strength on the distance from the source to the merger point. The simulation results were then compared with experimental results published in literature. As the jet fluid exited the two nozzles, the shear layer between the jet and the ambient fluid drove the ambient fluid entrainment into the jets. However, a finite volume of fluid trapped was between the two jets, and a recirculation zone with two counterrotating vortices was established. This vortex pair reduced the pressure between the jets, drawing them together more rapidly than theoretical models predicted. The simulation results indicated that equal-strength jets merged at a distance downstream of 1.4 t...

An investigation of Bluetooth mergence with Ultra Wideband

This article investigates the viability of a merger between Bluetooth and Ultra Wideband by developing and implementing a Bluetooth over Ultra Wideband data channeling system with an emphasis on the design of an economically feasible system and the viability of the proposed merger points. The designed system is then applied to transfer Bluetooth data over a compliant UWB Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical (PHY) layer radio channel to prove its functioning and unveil the advantages UWB may provide to Bluetooth with regards to speed and distance.

Dynamical and thermodynamical aspects of interacting Kerr black holes

We consider the asymptotically flat double-Kerr solution for two equal mass black holes with either the same or opposite angular momentum and with a massless strut between them. For fixed angular momentum and mass, the angular velocity of two corotating Kerr black holes decreases as they approach one another, from the Kerr value at infinite separation to the value of a single Kerr black hole with twice the mass and the angular momentum at the horizons merging limit. We show that the ratio $J/{M}^{2}$ for extremal corotating Kerr black holes varies from unity at infinite separation to two at the merging limit. These results are interpreted in terms of rotational dragging and compared with the case of counterrotating Kerr black holes. We then analyze the merging of ergoregions. In the corotating case the merger point occurs at an angle of $\ensuremath{\pi}/2$, in agreement with recent general arguments. In the counterrotating case the ergoregions never merge. We study the horizon geometry for both cases as a function of the distance and provide embedding diagrams. Finally, we study the thermodynamical evolution of the corotating double-Kerr system, showing that, in the canonical ensemble, it is thermodynamically stable for fast spinning black holes. As for single Kerr black holes the stable and unstable phases are separated by a second order phase transition. We show that for large fixed angular momentum two Kerr black holes reach a minimum distance, before horizon merging has occurred, where the thermodynamical approximation breaks down. We also consider the microcanonical ensemble to study the maximal energy that can be extracted from the double-Kerr system as a function of the separation between the black holes.

On universality in ergoregion mergers

We study non-dynamical mergers of ergoregions in d + 1-dimensional vacuum gravity. At the merger point, where the ergosurfaces bounding each ergoregion just touch, solutions exhibit universal behavior when there is rotation only in one plane: the angle between the merging ergosurfaces depends only on the symmetries of the solution, not on any other details of the configuration. We show that universality follows from the fact that the relevant component of Einstein's equation reduces to Laplace's equation at the point of merger. Thus ergoregion mergers mimic mergers of Newtonian equipotentials and have similar universal behavior. For solutions with rotation in more than one plane, universality is lost. We demonstrate universality and non-universality in several explicit examples.

PHASES OF HIGHER DIMENSIONAL BLACK HOLES

We review some of the most striking properties of the phase diagrams of higher dimensional black holes in pure gravity. We focus on static black hole solutions with Kaluza–Klein asymptotics and stationary black hole solutions in flat Minkowski space. Both cases exhibit a rich pattern of interconnected phases and merger points with topology changing transitions. In the first case, the phase diagram includes uniform and non-uniform black strings, localized black holes and sequences of Kaluza–Klein bubbles. In the latter case, it includes Myers–Perry black holes, black rings, black saturns and pinched black holes.

Inspiral, merger, and ring-down of equal-mass black-hole binaries

We investigate the dynamics and gravitational-wave (GW) emission in the binary merger of equal-mass black holes as obtained from numerical relativity simulations. The simulations were performed with an evolution code based on generalized harmonic coordinates developed by Pretorius, and used quasiequilibrium initial-data sets constructed by Cook and Pfeiffer. Results from the evolution of three sets of initial data are explored in detail, corresponding to different initial separations of the black holes, and exhibit between 2-8 GW cycles before coalescence. We find that to a good approximation the inspiral phase of the evolution is quasicircular, followed by a 'blurred, quasicircular plunge' lasting for about 1-1.5 GW cycles. After this plunge the GW frequency decouples from the orbital frequency, and we define this time to be the start of the merger phase. Roughly 10-15 M separates the time between the beginning of the merger phase and when we are able to extract quasinormal ring-down modes from gravitational waves emitted by the newly formed black hole. This suggests that the merger lasts for a correspondingly short amount of time, approximately 0.5-0.75 of a full GW cycle. We present first-order comparisons between analytical models of the various stages of the merger and the numericalmore » results--more detailed and accurate comparisons will need to await numerical simulations with higher accuracy, better control of systemic errors (including coordinate artifacts), and initial configurations where the binaries are further separated. During the inspiral, we find that if the orbital phase is well modeled, the leading order Newtonian quadrupole formula is able to match both the amplitude and phase of the numerical GW quite accurately until close to the point of merger. We provide comparisons between the numerical results and analytical predictions based on the adiabatic post-Newtonian (PN) and nonadiabatic resummed-PN models (effective-one-body and Pade models). For all models considered, 3PN and 3.5PN orders match the inspiral numerical data the best. From the ring-down portion of the GW, we extract the fundamental quasinormal mode and several of the overtones. Finally, we estimate the optimal signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for typical binaries detectable by GW experiments. We find that, when the merger and ring-down phases are included, binaries with total mass larger than 40M{sub {center_dot}} (sources for ground-based detectors) are brought in band and can be detected with signal-to-noise up to {approx_equal}15 at 100 Mpc, whereas for binaries with total mass larger than 2x10{sup 6}M{sub {center_dot}} (sources for space-based detectors) the SNR can be {approx_equal}10{sup 4} at 1 Gpc.« less

Merging circulations on Jupiter: Observed differences between cyclonic and anticyclonic mergers

The dynamics of mergers of large circulations in Jupiter's atmosphere may permit different models of the atmosphere to be tested. We report well-resolved observations of such events at visible wavelengths: three anticyclonic and three cyclonic events. A merger of anticyclonic white ovals in the South South Temperate domain (2002 March) is compared with the previously reported merger of ovals BE and FA in the South Temperate domain (2000 March). In each case, the two similar-sized ovals converged rapidly once they were separated by less than the sum of their diameters; they orbited around each other anticyclonically during the merger; the merged oval initially had the same rapid drift as the western parent; and, in an unexpected similarity, a cyclonic oval emerged westward from the point of merger. Evidence suggests that a merger of smaller ovals in the North North Temperate domain (2002 February) had similar dynamics. In contrast, mergers of cyclonic ovals in the North Equatorial Belt (‘barges’: 2001 November, 2005 May) proceeded in a different manner. The two parent barges showed no consistent acceleration towards each other as they converged; on contact there was no obvious sign of mutual circulation, and the low-albedo regions had almost passed each other before they finally merged; and the resulting barge had a drift rate intermediate between the two parents, and a length that was greater than either parent. Again, a third such event involving a smaller barge (2002 December) showed many of the same characteristics. These observations define different dynamical behaviour during anticyclonic and cyclonic mergers.