Merapi Eruption Research Articles

Communication of Local People about Myths of Merapi Mountain in Disaster Mitigation

Mount Merapi is one of the most active volcanoes in the world and the local community has long believed several myths related to eruptions of Mount Merapi. Concepts used in the research of communication elements are environment, social, process, symbol, and meaning. T his study aims to identify communication of the myths developed in local communities regarding Mount Merapi eruption . Regarding the environmental element, the research found that some people believed myths were the interpretation of messages in dreams related to their natural environment. The social elements described social relations between old generation, who believed in myths, and young generation, who did not believe in the myths . From the point of view of the process element, it was found that the myths have been developed since hundred years ago, i.e. from generations to generations. The elements of symbol used to identify some symbols in the sacrifice ritual activity or signs of Merapi eruption. The meaning elements were used to interpret the local community’s activities and beliefs which contained myths on the eruptions. The messages about the myths were conveyed through informal communication and traditional arts. This study recommends that the belief in myths as traditional knowledge can be integrated with modern knowledge for disaster mitigation.

Evaluasi Kondisi Kerusakan Bangunan Pengendali Lahar di Sungai Krasak

The sabo dam located in the Krasak river area, which loads Mount Merapi eruptions, has been built more than 20 years old. This circumstance certainly affects the physical condition and function of the 23 sabos. Therefore, it is valuable to do a research which focuses on the damage sabo building to find out the necessary maintenance to take, so that the sabo building can be functioned properly. The method of the data collection is direct observation to the location. The results of the study indicate that 22 buildings are still in good category and 1 building is in a moderately damaged condition.Â

Penanggulangan depresi lansia pascaerupsi Gunung Merapi melalui permainan humor berbasis kearifan budaya lokal pada kader yandu lansia

Mental health of elderly is a main priority which should be concerned of, in order to provide strength to obtain welfare in old age. Merapi eruption was a natural disaster that provided long-term psychological effects on elderly survivors. It is necessary to be handled with continuous support related to depression and life quality of elderly after Merapi eruption by providing training on humor games based on local cultural wisdom and management of depression in elderly in the manner of social spiritual to the cadres of integrated services for elderly in Hunian Tetap (Huntap) Kuwang, Cangkringa, Sleman, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY). Data used in this research was secondary data taken from community service that conducted in May - September 2014. The community service involved 30 cadres of integrated services for elderly and 45 elderly in Huntap Kuwang. Tools used in this research were module of local wisdom games completed with its equipment and module of early detection and coping with depression. The data were presented in descriptive quantitative and qualitative. After being given training on humor games based on local wisdom, there were increased average score on cadres’ knowledge of humor games based on local wisdom (from 66.4 to 93.2.) and skill (from 64.1 to 87.6,) as well as knowledge of early detection of depression (from 47.6 to 84.4) and skill of social support providing (from 35.3 to 80.8). There were declining trend of depression in elderly from 36 people before training to 17 people after the training of humor games based on local wisdom and spiritual social support. Training on humor games based on local wisdom and early detection of depressive tendencies along with the coping to the cadres of integrated services can reduce depressive tendencies and improve life quality of elderly in Huntap Kuwang, Cangkringan, Sleman, DIY.

MITOLOGI SEBAGAI PENDIDIKAN KEBENCANAAN DALAM MEMAHAMI ERUPSI GUNUNG MERAPI

This study aims to analyze community culture in understanding the eruption of Mount Merapi and analyze the meaning of education implied in the mythology of Mount Merapi. This study uses a qualitative approach. The informants in this study were the Cangkringan community, the caretaker of Mount Merapi, the NGO (Non-Governmental Organization) Cangkringan. Data collection techniques are carried out by participant observation and in-depth interviews. The collected data is then analyzed using domain, taxonomic, compound, and cultural theme analysis techniques.The findings in the form of public trust in Mount Merapi that people believe Mount Merapi is inhabited by supernatural beings who should have a life like humans. The supernatural beings have their own organization that regulates the government hierarchy with all its attributes and activities. One form of government hierarchy of supernatural beings that is closely related to society is that people believe that Mount Merapi is a Palace of Fine Beings.

Enhancing role of elementary school in developing sustainable disaster preparedness: a review with some examples from disaster-prone areas of Merapi

Emergencies of natural disasters often occur suddenly. In an effort to reduce disaster risk, good preparedness is needed, especially in the locations that become the center of activities, one of which is elementary school. The school is responsible for ensuring the safety of its citizens in disaster emergencies, especially elementary schools whose students are included in the vulnerable age group. On the other hand, schools as educational institutions should also be able to play a role in increasing students’ knowledge and skills concerning disasters. Students are the fastest agents of knowledge transfer from school to their families and communities. Therefore, early child empowerment to understand disaster risk reduction is very important and useful. In disaster-prone areas of Merapi eruption, there are many elementary schools. With the potential for eruption hazards in the future, it is necessary to increase the role of elementary schools in building preparedness in facing disasters. The purpose of this paper is to identify how to improve the role of elementary schools in building disaster preparedness. Through a systematic literature review of 25 journals and books in range year 2006 to 2018, both in English and Indonesian added by a variety of data. This paper tries to present the existing role of primary schools and what efforts are made in enhancing the role. The review highlights some points to enhance the role of elementary school, namely: (1) school plays a very important role in providing understanding to children. (2) Disaster Risk Management Education and disaster preparedness in schools are very important aspects as part of the daily life of the school community. (3) Schools where most of their citizens are children are often seen as vulnerable people while they can actually play a role in disaster risk reduction. (4) Many elementary schools in the disaster-prone areas of Merapi have developed disaster preparedness schools. (5) The role of primary schools can be further enhanced by increasing the role of principals and teachers, implementing disaster education, empowering the role of schools in critical situations, mapping and determining the location of renewed evacuations.

Community Resilience: Lesson Learnt from Disaster Survivors in Yogyakarta Province Indonesia

This article describes community resilience in disaster survivors in Yogyakarta Province. Model of community resilience applied in Cangkringan, an affected districts by the Merapi eruption disaster in 2010. The aims of this research are, first, to clarify the definition of community resilience in disaster studies; second, to understand how the community resilience process in affected people, and finally to interpret the disaster as a ‘window of opportunity’ for sustainable trajectories. Participants were drawn from the inhabitants of Cangkringan districts Yogyakarta Province. It illustrates the concept model of ‘community resilience’, which is widely explored from community perspectives. This research also seeks to understand how the community resilience process can be enacted in alternative social practices. It found that number of themes emerged in community resilience integrated model includes partnership and institutional, education and engagement, available resources (personal and culture values, psychological strength), also risk and vulnerability groups in society.

Socio-Cultural Dynamics of Resilience Building: Lesson Learned from Sleman, Indonesia

The eruption of Mount Merapi in 2010 was one of the largest volcanic eruptions in Indonesian history. The catastrophic event resulted in fatalities, loss of homes and livelihoods, infrastructure damage, and trauma for residents. There also a shift in community dynamics. The purpose of this study is to analyse and understand the formation of resilient communities by examining the shift in the society dynamics, specifically socio-cultural changes in community-based interventions. The study is a case study of Pangukrejo Hamlet in Sleman, Indonesia. Study results showed that in the aftermath of the eruption, the community experienced changes in degree of harmony and mutual respect among members. The study identified community economy dynamics, which are attributable to three interventions. Study results formed the basis for drawing policy implications for public awareness of disaster risk and post-disaster recovery in general.

Vegetation Analysis of the Secondary Forest Area of ​​Mount Merapi National Park

Mount Merapi National Park (MMNP) is a natural con-servation area with the main function of preserving the diversity of plants, animals and their ecosystems. In 2010, Mount Merapi suffered a large eruption which caused damage to the forest ecosystem inside. One of the locations that suffered severe damage was at Cangkrin-gan Resort. After the eruption, the affected vegetation began to grow again. The purpose of this study is to monitor and determine the di-versity of secondary forest plants in the MMNP area. The method used was a method of path and use a point-intercept transect as the sam-pling unit. The results showed that after the eruption, the Acacia de-curens dominated at each level starting from sapling, poles and trees. Based on the results of the study showed that the eruption of Mount Merapi that occurred in 2010 resulted in a change in vegetation struc-ture in the area with the Shannon-Weiner diversity index which is still low, amounting to 1.86 for seedling, 1.32 for the sapling and 0.22 for poles. At the tree level 100% is still dominated by Acacia decurens.

Learning from The Legacy of Post-Disaster Recovery in Indonesia for The Acceleration of Post-Disaster Recovery in Lombok

As a country known for its very disaster-prone areas, Indonesia has experienced frequent disasters, either large, medium and small-scale ones, which even in the last six months have had at least a fairly large-scale natural disaster, one of which is an earthquake occurred in Lombok in late July to mid-August 2018. Learning from the experiences of post-disasters management that have occurred before, especially after the earthquake and tsunami disaster in Aceh and Nias in 2004, the earthquake in Yogyakarta in 2006, the earthquake in West Sumatra in 2009, and eruption of Mount Merapi in 2010, the post-disaster recovery process needs to be carried out in an integrated and comprehensive manner, by involving participation of stakeholders at the national and regional levels, not only the central government, local governments and other government partners. In relation to the post-earthquake recovery efforts in Lombok in 2018 which affected seven districts/cities in NTB Province which resulted in recovery needs of more than Rp. 11 trillion, despite the issuance of the Presidential Instruction policy framework Number 5 of 2018 on the Acceleration of Post-Disaster Rehabilitation and Reconstruction in NTB Province, which assigns relevant ministries/agencies and Governor and Regents and Mayors whose areas are affected in NTB Province, to be able to accelerate the process of recovering local conditions and disaster-affected communities in the affected NTB region, which for implementation still requires operational policies and strategies in the field. For this reason, some best-practices in managing the recovery process from previous disasters can be used as input in establishing appropriate and applicable policies and strategies in order to accelerate the rehabilitation and reconstruction of post-disaster areas in Lombok further, to realize a recovery to rebuild a better one, safer and more sustainable.

Penanggulangan depresi anak pascaerupsi Gunung Merapi melalui pelatihan permainan berbasis kearifan budaya lokal pada guru dan orang tua murid taman kanak-kanak

Child mental health is a top priority for the 2015 Indonesian National Child Program with the vision of enabling Indonesian children to grow and develop in good health, to be protected and to actively participate. The Mount Merapi eruption had a major impact on the lives of the people living nearby. Many livelihoods came to a halt, forcing some people to work as sand miners until late at night. As a result, children receive less time and attention from their mothers. The combination of traumatic events and unsuitable parenting increase the tendency for depression, a grave health problem in children. Lack of awareness among parents and teachers can cause a delay in the detection and treatment of depression in children, which will negatively affect the children’s school performance and future. This community service and research project held a training on childhood depression. Twelve teachers, 55 parents, and 55 students from Kuncup Mekar Kindergarten and Aisyiyah Bustanul Athfal (ABA) Kindergarten, Cangkringan, Sleman participated in the training. The training included early detection of childhood depression, game modules based on traditional games, game equipment, and the Child Depression Inventory (CDI). The output of the training was evaluated by comparing pre-test and post-test results, as well as interviews. The tendency of depression in the participating children before and after training was assessed using CDI. After the training, the average level of knowledge on early detection and prevention of depression in children increased from 33.7 to 68.0, while the average skill level in playing traditional games increased from 43.9 to 85.2. The number of students with depression tendencies declined from 37 children (67%) to 16 (39%). Traditional game training can increase the knowledge and skills of teachers and parents of kindergarten students in tackling depression in children after the eruption of Mount Merapi.

Application of the Crystallographic tiling to Increase Competitiveness of the Sand Sediments

Mount Merapi eruption in 2010 resulted in the environmental damage and disruption of socio-economic life of the society. Post-eruption cold lava floods carry the volcanic sedimentary materials in the form of sand and stone are very abundant. Unfortunately, the abundance of these natural resources is exploited at low prices. The problem is how to manage the sedimentation to have high economic value. The adaptation efforts to manage this sediment need to be done to immediately restore the social economic slump of society. The sediment management model that can improve economic value and competitiveness needs to be done by maintaining the sustainability of its natural resources. This article contains the results of research on the application of crystallographic tiling to improve the economic value and competitiveness of sand sediments. Three types of sediment-based products are successfully made of tiles, rosters, and paving.

Meaning in life of relocated survivors after the 2010 eruption of Mount Merapi in Indonesia

Meaning in life of relocated survivors after the 2010 eruption of Mount Merapi in Indonesia

Idenfication of Factors for Assessing Regional Readiness Level in Disaster Management in Sleman Regency

Sleman Regency has a large volcanic eruption potential. For example, the eruption of Mount Merapi that occurred in 2010. The management of the emergency response to the eruption of Mount Merapi is still responsive and reactive. The Regional Government has not been able to manage the emergency response period effectively and efficiently both concerning victim handling, and disaster logistics management. This caused delays in handling victims, both first aid to victims, division of tasks between institutions and volunteers during the emergency response period, and disaster logistics management. Therefore, the government needs to assess the level of regional readiness level in management disasters. This study aims to identify factors that influence the level of regional readiness level to manage the natural disaster emergency response. The research method used was an in-depth interview with the Head of the BPBD Sleman Regency. The results of this study can be identified by 11 factors and 50 indicators that will be used in assessing the level of regional readiness in handling natural disaster emergency response.

Numerical Simulation of Historical Pyroclastic Flows of Merapi (1994, 2001, and 2006 Eruptions)

Merapi has become one of the most enticing volcanoes due to its activity over the past century. Although we have to agree that the 2010 VEI = 4 (Volcanic Explosivity Index, [1]) eruption is the greatest in its recorded history, Merapi is more famous for its shorter cycle of smaller scale, making it one of the most active volcanoes on Earth. Many mechanisms are involved in an eruption, and pyroclastic flow is the most dangerous occurrence in terms of volcanic hazard. A pyroclastic flow is defined as a high-speed avalanche consisted of high temperature mixture of rock fragments and gas, resulted from lava dome collapse and/or gravitational column collapse. Researchers have studied Merapi’s history and behavior, and numerical simulations are an important tool for future hazard mitigation. By utilizing numerical simulation on basal part of pyroclastic flow, we investigated the applicability of the simulation on pyroclastic flows from historical eruptions of Merapi (1994, 2001, and 2006). Herein, we present a total of 32 simulations and discuss the areas affected by pyroclastic flows and the factors that affect the simulation results.

Pengalaman Keluarga Mempersiapkan Diri Menghadapi Bahaya Gunung Merapi di Desa Tegalmulyo: Studi Fenomenologi

Individual and family represent the main stakeholder in alertness. Family represent tip of lance, subjek and object from alertness, because having an effect on directly to disaster risk. The aim of the research is to get the meaning about the family experience in unlimbering to face the natty mount danger in Tegalmulyo village. This research used qualitative design with the phenomenology approach. This research population is all of family Tegalmulyo village. Sum up the sample research as much 7 participle obtained that used appropriate purposive sampling of criterion of inclusion research. The researcher used indepth interview to collect the data. The result of theme research is eleven themes that are natural disaster on the slopes of Merapi, the signs of Mount Merapi disaster, the danger of Mount Merapi eruption, equipment and equipment, evacuation site, evacuation plan, traditional early warning system, early warning system with modern technology, family empowerment , psychological feelings, evacuation assistance. The conclusion of this research are the experience of family preparedness to disaster in Tegalmulyo village is ready to face the danger of Mount Merapi.

Physico-Chemical Properties of Volcanic Soils under Different Perennial Plants from Upland Area of Mt. Merapi, Indonesia

Vegetation recovery is essential in land restoration after the eruption of Mount Merapi in 2010. Vegetation i s a source of organic material that produces root exudate containing organic acids. These acids accelerate the dissolution process of volcanic material so that it affects the soil characteristics. This study was conducted to analyze the effect of four types of perennial plants on soil chemical and physical characteristics. The soil samples were taken on the area planted with cinnamon, albizia, bamboo, and acacia, at depths of 0 – 10 cm, 10 – 20 cm, 20 – 30 cm, 30 – 40 cm, and 40 – 50cm. The soil chemical analysis carried out included pH H 2 O, pH KCl, pH NaF, C-organic, Humic acid and Fulvic acid, c ation e xchange c apacity, Ca, Mg, K, Na, available P, base saturation, and particle size distribution. The results show that pH H 2 O, pH KCl, C-organic, humic acid and fulvic acid, CEC, K, Na, Ca, Mg, available P, base saturation, and particle size distribution were significantly affected by vegetation type. Meanwhile, the pH of NaF was not significantly influenced by vegetation type. Cinnamon is a plant that gives the strongest influence in the improvement of soil chemical-physical properties compared to the other three types of vegetation. Therefore cinnamon is quite prospective plant to be developed for post-eruption land reclamation.

Emplacement Temperature of the Overbank and Dilute-Detached Pyroclastic Density Currents of Merapi 5 November 2010 Events using Reflectance Analysis of Associated Charcoal

Merapi eruption in 2010 produced 17 km high column of ash and southward pyroclastic density current (PDC). Based on the deposits characteristics and distributions, the PDC is divided into channel and overbank facies (pyroclastic flow), and associated diluted PDC (pyroclastic surge). The hot overbank PDCs and the associated dilute-detached PDCs are the main cause of high casualty (367 fatalities) in medial-distal area (5–16 km), especially near main valley of Kali Gendol. We reported the emplacement temperature of these two deposits using reflectance analysis of charcoal. We used both entombed charcoals in the overbank PDC and charcoals in singed house nearby. Samples were collected on 6–13 km distance southward from summit. Charcoalification temperatures of the entombed charcoals represent deposition temperature of the overbank PDCs, whereas those of charcoals in the singed house resembles temperature of the associated dilute-detached PDCs. Results show mean random reflectance (Ro%) values of entombed charcoal mainly range 1.1–1.9 correspond to temperature range 328–444 °C, whereas charcoal in singed house range 0.61–1.12 with estimated temperature range 304–358 °C. The new temperature data of the dilute-detached PDCs in the medial-distal area is crucial for assessing impact scenarios for exposed populations as it affects them lethally and destructively

STUDENT PREPAREDNESS TOWARD MOUNT MERAPI ERUPTION IN SD NEGERI LENCOH IN SELO SUB DISTRICT

<p><em>Schools are one of vulnerable public places in case of disaster phenomenon. On the other side, school is a place where the children spend most of their time. It is possible that volcanic eruption occur while children study at school. Selo is one of the sub district of Boyolali district that located on the north side of Mount Merapi, its location is quite close to the peak of Mount Merapi, it is makes Selo is prone to be affected by Mount Merapi eruption. The aim of this research was to determine the level of student preparedness toward Mount Merapi eruption in SD Negeri Lencoh. The method used in this research was descriptive qualitative. The population in this research were elementary students in the high grade with consideration that student in the high grade were better in understanding to fill out the questionnaire. The sampling technique was purposive sampling technique. The data collection technique was using questionnaire developed by LIPI. The result of this research was the value of student preparedness level in SD Negeri Lencoh which was 52.1 so it was conlude as less ready. </em></p>

Risk perception analysis of the population in sustainable disaster management plan: a case study of Mount Merapi eruption in Yogyakarta

The risk concept in the realm of natural disasters in several countries such as earthquakes, fires, floods and volcanoes shows the difference between the perspectives of the population on the risks and the principles of the normative decision theory. This study aims to determine the conception and behaviour of the population on the risk of Mount Merapi as a study to manage a sustainable disaster management system. This research uses an exploratory retrospective view approach, utilizes survey and questionnaire as its research instruments. The questionnaire consisted of four categories based on the literature study, which include the respondent profile, risk definition, risk perception, and risk action. The sampling technique used is a multi-stage stratified convenience sampling (n = 300, response rate = 91%). Its stratification is the disaster-prone areas (DPA) and the population gender. The results showed that most respondents perceived risk as a consequence, in contrast to the normative theory. Respondents in DPA III have a tendency of risk attitude as risk moderate, while respondents in DPA II have a risk-averse tendency. In relation to the respondent behaviour during eruption, it was found that DPA and gender differences showed different respondents' response in facing Mount Merapi eruption disaster in terms of the evacuation time, the action when hearing the warning sign, the evacuation route being followed, and the willingness to help others.

Long-range transport of volcanic aerosol from the 2010 Merapi tropical eruption to Antarctica

Abstract. Volcanic sulfate aerosol is an important source of sulfur for Antarctica, where other local sources of sulfur are rare. Midlatitude and high-latitude volcanic eruptions can directly influence the aerosol budget of the polar stratosphere. However, tropical eruptions can also enhance polar aerosol load following long-range transport. In the present work, we analyze the volcanic plume of a tropical eruption, Mount Merapi in 2010, and investigate the transport pathway of the volcanic aerosol from the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) to the lower stratosphere over Antarctica. We use the Lagrangian particle dispersion model Massive-Parallel Trajectory Calculations (MPTRAC) and Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) SO2 measurements to reconstruct the altitude-resolved SO2 injection time series during the explosive eruption period and simulate the transport of the volcanic plume using the MPTRAC model. AIRS SO2 and aerosol measurements, the aerosol cloud index values provided by Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS), are used to verify and complement the simulations. The Lagrangian transport simulation of the volcanic plume is compared with MIPAS aerosol measurements and shows good agreement. Both the simulations and the observations presented in this study suggest that volcanic plumes from the Merapi eruption were transported to the south of 60∘ S 1 month after the eruption and even further to Antarctica in the following months. This relatively fast meridional transport of volcanic aerosol was mainly driven by quasi-horizontal mixing from the TTL to the extratropical lower stratosphere, and most of the quasi-horizontal mixing occurred between the isentropic surfaces of 360 to 430 K. When the plume went to Southern Hemisphere high latitudes, the polar vortex was displaced from the South Pole, so that the volcanic plume was carried to the South Pole without penetrating the polar vortex. Although only 4 % of the sulfur injected by the Merapi eruption was transported into the lower stratosphere south of 60∘ S, the Merapi eruption contributed up to 8800 t of sulfur to the Antarctic lower stratosphere. This indicates that the long-range transport under favorable meteorological conditions enables a moderate tropical volcanic eruption to be an important remote source of sulfur for the Antarctic stratosphere.