Menu Structures Research Articles

Sistem Informasi Point of Sales Berbasis Web di Perusahaan Bangunan Andalas Jaya

Andalas Jaya building company is engaged in the sale of building goods or materials and transactions carried out every day are quite large, in their activities of course they require an accurate information system to make it easier to make sales transactions and record stock of goods. Making this sales and purchase information system using the Visual Studio Code program and for the database using MySQL. Researchers consider that operational activities at the Andalas Jaya Building Company are still carried out manually. Therefore, the researcher will design a Point of Sales website system to help Andalas Jaya Building Company by conducting qualitative research to get conclusions from the required sales website system. In realizing the creation of a good Point of Sales system website, researchers took the first steps such as making a system design consisting of architectural design, use case diagrams, activity diagrams, entity relationship diagrams, interface designs, website menu structures, and system implementation. With the creation of a Point of Sales website at the Andalas Jaya Building Company, it is hoped that it can help the business transaction process become more effective and efficient for further researchers to add different features.

Enhancing Interactive IVR Using NLP

Abstract: This paper suggests a fresh approach to IVR design by incorporating natural language processing (NLP) techniques, enhancing user experiences. Traditional IVRs often frustrate users due to their rigid menu structures. By integrating NLP, we aim to create dynamic and interactive IVR systems, leading to increased user satisfaction, streamlined interactions, and improved business performance. Our self-deployment and user testing demonstrate the system's effectiveness in providing personalized and responsive support, transforming traditional IVRs into engaging communication channels.

Navigating Hierarchical Menus Through Sound

Much of the current user experience navigating digital information relies on visual displays. Providing auditory alternatives enables access for visually impaired and blind users. The current study evaluated hierarchical navigation in a novel spatialized auditory interface compared to a screen reader and visual navigation mode. Past studies suggest that spatialized audio may provide performance improvements. Sixteen participants navigated menu structures of varying depth / breadth to select a target item with three different interface styles (spatial audio, screen reader, and visual). Time-to-completion, errors, and SUS scores were compared across interfaces. Results showed that spatial audio was significantly slower, more error prone, and less usable than the other conditions. However, the problems of spatial audio might be overcome with simple changes in the interaction mode and optimization of display space. Our experience shows that designers must solve the problem of auditory clutter and spatial selection to achieve usable auditory navigation.

Sistem Informasi Tunggakan Pajak pada Dinas Pendapatan Pengelolaan Keuangan dan Kekayaan Daerah (DPPKKD) Kota Sabang

At the Sabang City Regional Financial and Wealth Management Revenue Service (DPPKKD), tax data management still uses simple methods with Microsoft Excel, causing data duplication and errors in presenting and searching for data. To overcome this, this research designs a web-based information system using PHP and MySQL. This research aims to design a Tax Arrears Information System to increase the efficiency and accuracy of information. Research methods include field studies, FlowMap analysis, interviews, comparative analysis, system design, and hardware and software specifications. The results of the analysis show weaknesses in the data processing process, such as large operational costs, difficulty in managing data, and vulnerability to data duplication. Designing a new system involves program menu structures, program flowcharts, Entity Relationship Diagrams (ERD), and system input/output design. The required hardware and software specifications are also explained. In conclusion, the use of information systems can increase efficiency and accuracy in managing tax arrears data in the Sabang City DPPKKD.

ANALISIS DAN PERANCANGAN SISTEM INFORMASI UNTUK PELAYANAN ADMINISTRASI WARGA KELURAHAN MALAKA SARI BERBASIS WEB

The Malaka Sari Village Office is a government agency that provides services to the community, such as making population documents. Every Monday to Friday, kelurahan employees provide services for making citizen documents, but this is still done manually, so the services provided are less than optimal and filing takes quite a long time. This study aims to make it easier for village employees to provide maximum service, as well as to make it easier for the community to submit documents personal identity. In conducting research, the authors use several supporting theories, namely Information Systems, Waterfall, PHP (HyperText Preprocessor), and others. In conducting research, the authors analyze the system that is currently running on Malaka Sari Village, and using data collection methods, namely conducting interviews, direct observation, literature study, and collecting documentation in the form of photos, videos and others, making it easier for writers to design information systems based on citizen data processing Website for the Malaka Sari Village. The design of the information system that is made, consists of system architecture design, Use Case Diagrams, Activity Diagrams, ERD (Entity Relationship Diagram), Class Diagrams, system design plans and menu structures, and using PHP (HyperText Preprocessor), and databases MySQL. The results of this study indicate that the design of a web-based citizen administrative service information system makes it easy for people who want to submit letters or documents that are self-identity in nature, and village employees in providing services to residents of the Malaka Sari Village, as well as helping maximize community services at the village office . Keywords: Information Systems Analysis and Design, PHP (HyperText Preprocessor), MySQL, Web-Based Information Systems, Administrative Services.

Menu Engineering for Continuing Care Senior Living Facilities with Captive Dining Patrons

Continuing care facilities are a rapidly growing segment of senior living communities providing end-to-end solutions comprising independent living, assisted living, nursing home care, and ultimately hospice. All these establishments contain (in addition to other facilities associated with living, exercising, learning, activities, etc.) dining services managed by an interdisciplinary (finance, nutrition, dietitian, kitchen operations, hospitality, and procurement) team of executives, each with their own objective while cognizant of the overarching organizational, operational, and financial metrics. The residents of these facilities consume most of their meals at these dining facilities, necessitating that the food served meets the complete nutrition, dietary, cost, and operational requirements. Thus, the menu (often rotating every few weeks) of food items must be carefully chosen to be efficiently procured, processed, and served, all the while meeting the nutritional, dietary, and patron satisfaction constraints each put forth by the corresponding stakeholder. We address this complex, unwieldy, and large multiobjective optimization problem using mixed integer linear programming. We demonstrate how menu planners and chefs can analyze their decisions regarding menu structures and evaluate alternative menu interventions to improve menus’ nutritional value while ensuring their residents’ autonomy in making food choice decisions. Along the way, we interviewed various stakeholders, identified their objectives and constraints, gathered the necessary data, formulated and solved the resulting optimization problems, and produced demonstrably effective menus.

E-Learning course design and implementation in fuzzy logic

The goal of e-learning in fuzzy logic courses is to assist students in the learning process, create menu structures and simple operation techniques, and create prototypes for e-learning in fuzzy logic courses. The difficulty of students in implementing what they have learned stems from the fact that the advent of e-learning can make it simpler for students to access material that they do not comprehend. In this study, an analytic learning prototype was used as the research approach. The outcomes of e-learning products based on online apps in this fuzzy logic course can be used as learning material. The menu structure developed in this e-learning is a home page with an introduction to e-learning, a site page with participants, calendars, and notes. Pages that can be used to grow the network and courses are the most significant aspects of e-learning. E-learning includes material, discussion, forums, quizzes, and other activities. The findings of the validation by media specialists on this e-learning application are pretty good, indicating that it is suitable for use. According to the results of material expert validation, the material used is excellent, suggesting that it is ideal for use in fuzzy logic courses. The limited test results for Informatics study program students were in the very good category, indicating that this e-learning tool was simple to use.

Side-Crossing Menus

Supporting many gestures on small surfaces allows users to interact remotely with complex environments such as smart homes, large remote displays, or virtual reality environments, and switching between them (e.g., AR setup in a smart home). Providing eyes-free gestures in these contexts is important as this avoids disrupting the user's visual attention. However, very few techniques enable large sets of commands on small wearable devices supporting the user's mobility and even less provide eyes-free interaction. We present Side-Crossing Menus (SCM), a gestural technique enabling large sets of gestures on %small interactive surfaces like a smartwatch. Contrary to most gestural techniques, SCM relies on broad and shallow menus that favor small and rapid gestures. We demonstrate with a first experiment that users can efficiently perform these gestures eyes-free aided with tactile cues; 95% accuracy after training 20 minutes on a representative set of 30 gestures among 172. In a second experiment, we focus on the learning of SCM gestures and do not observe significant differences with conventional Multi-stroke Marking Menus in gesture accuracy and recall rate. As both techniques utilize contrasting menu structures, our results indicate that SCM is a compelling alternative for enhancing the input capabilities of small surfaces.

User Requirement Analysis for Smart Voice Technology for Older Adults with Visual Impairments

ABSTRACT Although many users adopt voice-enabled technology today, there is lack of understanding on voice technology designs suitable for older adults with visual impairments. This study aims at investigating the auditory information processing capability of older adults with visual impairments and their preferences for voice user interfaces and interactions. A convenience sampling method recruited 20 older adults with visual impairments. The auditory information processing capability was measured with a word memory span task, and the Wizard-of-Oz method helped to explore user requirements for voice technology. The word memory span was 3.00 ± 0.34, which leads to the recommendation that information architectures include no greater than three layers of horizontal or vertical menu structures. The majority of the participants (75%) preferred the combination of inbound and outbound calls to interact with the system, and 65% appreciated the interactive, structured navigation menu user interfaces that empower the user to control the system. The study contributes to user-friendly voice technology for older adults with visual impairments.

On the Influencing Factors of Dictionary App Interface Design for the Elders

English learning is becoming one of the popular movements towards the Globalization. In recent years especially, more people use smartphones to learn English. However, it was found in the current market that most dictionary apps were designed for the younger generation and neglected the needs of the elderly. The issue of memory over-load turned out to be the critical problem of the usability for the elderly, due to the complex menu structures. Thus this study is meant to explore a suitable menu structure for the senior user, and provide suggestions for the relative researches.The study results are:1.Gender: There is no significant between male and female in the operating performance.2.Menu structure: the performance of the hybrid structure is superior to the linear structure.3.Display mode: There is no significant between the horizontal and vertical display modes in operating performance.4.Task Complexity: A positive ratio between task complexity and menu topological structure was revealed, the harder the task complexity, the better performance of mixed structure can be expected.

Tree testing of hierarchical menu structures for health applications

To address the need for greater evidence-based evaluation of Health Information Technology (HIT) systems we introduce a method of usability testing termed tree testing. In a tree test, participants are presented with an abstract hierarchical tree of the system taxonomy and asked to navigate through the tree in completing representative tasks. We apply tree testing to a commercially available health application, demonstrating a use case and providing a comparison with more traditional in-person usability testing methods. Online tree tests (N=54) and in-person usability tests (N=15) were conducted from August to September 2013. Tree testing provided a method to quantitatively evaluate the information structure of a system using various navigational metrics including completion time, task accuracy, and path length. The results of the analyses compared favorably to the results seen from the traditional usability test. Tree testing provides a flexible, evidence-based approach for researchers to evaluate the information structure of HITs. In addition, remote tree testing provides a quick, flexible, and high volume method of acquiring feedback in a structured format that allows for quantitative comparisons. With the diverse nature and often large quantities of health information available, addressing issues of terminology and concept classifications during the early development process of a health information system will improve navigation through the system and save future resources. Tree testing is a usability method that can be used to quickly and easily assess information hierarchy of health information systems.

Menu hierarchies for in-vehicle user-interfaces: Modelling the depth vs. breadth trade-off

Menus are commonly employed within user-interfaces, but are not necessarily a suitable solution for emerging new contexts. For instance, for in-vehicle displays, the use of visually oriented menus creates a clear distraction burden. To investigate how the visual demand of menus varied as a function of their breadth, depth and structure, a study was conducted following the ISO occlusion protocol. Participants were asked to find and select target words on a touchscreen by navigating menus of varying breadths and depths (16×3; 8×4; 4×6; 12×2) when options were arranged either in alphabetical order (structured menus) or randomly (unstructured menus). Tasks were achieved either with full vision or whilst wearing occlusion goggles enabling only brief (1.5s) opportunities to visually access the touchscreen. Preliminary equations were derived from the data indicating fundamentally different relationships for the visual demand of an interface dependent on whether anticipation can be used during the task. For structured menus, the visual demand was a logarithmic function of the breadth of the menus, whereas for unstructured menus, the relationship was quadratic. Moreover, results indicated that for structured menus breadth was favoured over depth, as the lowest visual demand was associated with 16×3 menu hierarchies. Conversely, for unstructured menus, compromise hierarchies (e.g. 4×6; 8×4) were associated with the least visual demand. Conclusions are drawn regarding the setting of boundary (acceptable/unacceptable) conditions for alternative menu structures for use within vehicles.

Configuring and controlling ubiquitous computing infrastructure with semantic connections: a tangible and an AR approach

In the transition from a device-oriented paradigm toward a more task-oriented paradigm with increased interoperability, people are struggling with inappropriate user interfaces, competing standards, technical incompatibilities, and other difficulties. The current handles for users to explore, make, and break connections between devices seem to disappear in overly complex menu structures displayed on small screens. This paper tackles the problem of establishing connections between devices in a smart home environment, by introducing an interaction model that we call semantic connections. Two prototypes are demonstrated that introduce both a tangible and an augmented reality approach toward exploring, making, and breaking connections. In the augmented reality approach, connections between real-world objects are visualized by displaying visible lines and icons from a mobile device containing a pico projector. In the tangible approach, objects in the environment are tagged and can be scanned and interacted with, to explore connection possibilities, and manipulate the connections. We discuss the technical implementation of a pilot study setup used to evaluate both our interaction approaches. We conclude the paper with the results of a user study that shows how the interaction approaches influence the mental models users construct after interacting with our setup.

Using Real-Life Experiences to Teach Computer Concepts

Teaching computer concepts to individuals with visual impairments (that is, those who are blind or visually impaired) presents some unique challenges. Students often have difficulty remembering to perform certain steps or have difficulty remembering specific keystrokes when using computers. Many cannot visualize the way in which complex computing operating systems are organized, how to move within menus and submenus, or how to manipulate the cursor. In my time as an adaptive technology instructor, I have developed analogies, tactile manipulatives and models, and a matching game to help my student grasp and master difficult computing concepts. ANALOGIES Many students struggle to remember keystrokes, such as pressing the Enter key when executing a computer command. Students execute a given command, but when they forget to press Enter and the computer fails to produce the desired result, the student is unsure what happened or why the computer did not do what it was supposed to do. Repeated explanations and reminders of keystrokes often fail to stick in students' minds. As a result, I devised a number of analogies or mnemonic devices to aid information retention. Since many of my students have dog guides, pet dogs, or are familiar with dogs, I tell students that the Enter key is like giving the dog a command. For students who use dog guides, the Enter key is analogous to telling the dog forward. Forward is said when a dog is at attention and ready to work. Likewise, the Enter key is pressed when an individual has focus on an icon or other item that needs user input. Students who have been provided with analogies, whether it is the Enter key analogy or others I have created, are much more likely to understand and remember computer concepts and keyboard commands. Table 1 lists the analogies I developed. Mrs. Garfunkle (a pseudonym), a middle-aged woman who is totally blind and had no experience with computers prior to training, reported in informal discussions a greater confidence when using the computer for personal or vocational tasks after learning commands using analogies. TACTILE MANIPULAT1VES In my time as an instructor, I have created a number of tactile manipulatives to aid students in conceptualizing various aspects of the computer. Students who are congenitally blind or visually impaired may have greater difficulty picturing the Microsoft Windows operating system than those who lost vision later in life. Students with congenital vision loss may need hands-on manipulatives in order to form a mental picture of the operating system and how various parts of the system work together to form a whole. Menu structure One manipulative I created is a model of the Windows menu structure made out of poster board and Popsicle sticks of various colors. I glued two pieces of poster board of differing colors together and folded the top poster board in an accordion style to symbolize the main menu, such as Start. I placed one high-contrast (for students with low vision) Popsicle stick on each accordion fold to symbolize menu items, such as Windows Update, Search, Programs, and Shut Down. I taped a piece of string to one of the Popsicle sticks to show the submenu structure. Smaller Popsicle sticks glued together in a square shape are intended to show what happens when the submenu is opened. In keeping with the Start menu example, a string would be glued on one Popsicle stick representing Programs. The small Popsicle stick square represents the items in the Programs submenu (Accessories, Microsoft Office, or JAWS.) After students are comfortable with the tactile model, instruction continues in the computer environment. My students have shown a greater confidence and understanding when navigating menu structures on the computer after using such a tactile manipulative. Cursor movement When a student is unfamiliar with the positioning of the cursor and how text is manipulated, it is beneficial to use hands-on teaching in order to communicate these concepts. …

GOMS 모델을 기반으로 한 Rapid Prototyping에 관한 연구

The purpose of this research was to develop an integrated interface for the usability test of systems or products in the design process. It is capable of automatically creating GOMS models which can predict human task performances. It can generate GOMS models to be interacted with the prototype interfaces. It can also effectively manage various design information and various usability test results to be implemented into the new product and/or system design. Thus we can perform usability test for products or system prototypes more effectively and also reduce time and effort required for this test. For usability tests, we established an integrated interface based on GOMS model by the LabVIEW program. We constructed the system that the linkage to GOMS model is available. Using this integrated interface, the menu structure of mobile phone can be constructed easily. User can design a depth and a breath that he want. The size of button and the label of the button is changable. The path to the goal can be defined by the user. Using a designed menu structure, the experiment could be performed. The results of GOMS model and the actual time are presented. Besides, values of operators of GOMS model can be defined as the value that user wants. Using the integrated interface that we developed, the optimal menu structure deducted. The menu structure that user wants can be established easily. The optimal layout and button size can be decided by comparison of numerous menu structures. User can choose the method of usability test among GOMS model and empirical data. Using this integrated interface, the time and costs can be saved and the optimal menu structure can be found easily.

Revisiting breadth vs. depth in menu structures for blind users of screen readers

Numerous studies have investigated task performance times for selection from hierarchical menus, with structures containing many choices at each of a few levels (broad, shallow structures) generally outperforming structures containing fewer choices at each of many levels (narrow, deep structures). To see if these results applied to blind users who rely on screen reader software for computer access, we replicated an earlier published study, using 19 blind screen-reader users. Consistent with earlier studies, broader, shallow hierarchies outperformed narrow, deep hierarchies. Task performance times and hypertext lostness measures were correlated. Although further work will be needed to understand specific determinants of task performance rates, these results support the use of broad, shallow menus for blind as well as sighted users.

비대칭 활성화 확산 이론을 이용한 휴대폰 메뉴 구조 디자인

As products are getting more diverse and new products are entering the market faster, customers have trouble learning how to use them. User-oriented menu structures may solve this problem. In order to design user-oriented menu structures, spreading activation theory has been studied. The spreading activation test shows that the strong associative relationship between words has shorter response times. Based on the spreading activation test, asymmetric spreading activation was introduced and a hypothesis that in a well-designed menu structure, association between upper-low menu pairs is not affected by an activation direction was tested for this study. In this study the menu of a cellular phone (Model: SPH-w2900) was extracted, and underwent 1st spreading activation tests. Then, on each menu pair, response time differences (asymmetric transition) by accuracy and directions were analyzed to find out problems in labels and improve menu structures and vocabulary. Second spreading activation tests were conducted to check whether asymmetric transitions decreased. The results showed that response time differences (asymmetric transition) for activation directions were found to be dropped significantly. Asymmetric transitions in spreading activation presented in this study will be helpful to define user-oriented menu structures.

Web Structure Mining by Isolated Cliques

The link structure of the Web is generally viewed as the webgraph. Web structure mining is a research area that mainly aims to find hidden communities by focusing on the webgraph, and communities or their cores are supposed to constitute dense subgraphs. Therefore, structure mining can actually be realized by enumerating such substructures, and Kleinberg's biclique model is well-known among them. In this paper, we examine some candidate substructures, including conventional bicliques, and attempt to find useful information from the real web data. Especially, we newly exploit isolated cliques for our experiments of structure mining. As a result, we discovered that isolated cliques that lie over multiple domains can stand for useful communities, which implies the validity of isolated clique as a candidate substructure for structure mining. On the other hand, we also observed that most of isolated cliques on the Web correspond to menu structures and are inherent in single domains, and that isolated cliques can be quite useful for detecting harmful link farms.

Untangling the usability of fisheye menus

Fisheye menus have become a prominent example of fisheye interfaces, yet contain several nonfisheye elements and have not been systematically evaluated. This study investigates whether fisheye menus are useful, and tries to untangle the impact on usability of the following properties of fisheye menus: use of distortion, index of letters for coarse navigation, and the focus-lock mode for accurate movement. Twelve participants took part in an experiment comparing fisheye menus with three alternative menu designs across known-item and browsing tasks, as well as across alphabetical and categorical menu structures. The results show that for finding known items, conventional hierarchical menus are the most accurate and by far the fastest. In addition, participants rate the hierarchical menu as more satisfying than fisheye and multifocus menus, but do not consistently prefer any one menu. For browsing tasks, the menus neither differ with respect to accuracy nor selection time. Eye-movement data show that participants make little use of nonfocus regions of the fisheye menu, though these are a defining feature of fisheye interfaces. Nonfocus regions are used more with the multifocus menu, which enlarges important menu items in these regions. With the hierarchical menu, participants make shorter fixations and have shorter scanpaths, suggesting lower requirements for mental activity and visual search. We conclude by discussing why fisheye menus are inferior to the hierarchical menu and how both may be improved.

Landmarks or surveys? The impact of different instructions on children’s performance in hierarchical menu structures

Which kind of instruction helps children aged 9–14 years interact efficiently with a mobile phone? Due to analogies between navigation in menu structures and the natural environment, three instructions providing different forms of spatial knowledge were under study: A step-by-step instruction featuring landmark knowledge of the menu functions to be selected, a diagram of the menu structure providing survey knowledge and a free exploration of the menu, also giving the children the opportunity to develop survey knowledge. Results show a superiority of the two instructions that provide survey knowledge, except for the youngest children aged 9–10 years. This group showed to have lower spatial abilities and is therefore presumably not able to understand and integrate this type of knowledge. For those very young children, the landmark information given in traditional step-by-step instructions is more helpful. It is concluded, that simple diagrams of the menu structure can help children from 11 years on to significantly ease their interaction with small menu driven devices.