Mentha Pulegium Essential Oil Research Articles

Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oils and Hydrosols from Oregano, Sage and Pennyroyal against Oral Pathogens

In this study, the chemical composition of essential oils (EOs) extracted from Origanum vulgare ssp. hirtum Lamiaceae, (oregano), Salvia officinalis Lamiaceae (sage), Mentha pulegium Lamiaceae (pennyroyal), and respective hydrosols (HSs) has been investigated by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The antimicrobial activity was assessed against two oral pathogens: Gram-positive bacterium Streptococcus mutans and the fungus Candida albicans by determination of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal/Fungicidal concentration (MBC/MFC). Three-fold diluted solutions were dispensed into each well of a 96-well microtiter plate and, after incubation, MIC was determined by visual monitoring. The MBC/MFC was determined by transferring a small quantity of sample contained in each replicate well of the microtiter plates to appropriate culture media using a microplate replicator. The EOs of the tested herbs showed antimicrobial properties, especially the EO oil of O. vulgare, which exerted the highest antimicrobial activity. HSs of S. officinalis and M. pulegium exerted no antimicrobial activity, in contrast to oregano HS, which displayed strong antimicrobial activity. In all cases, a higher number of compounds were detected in EOs than in the corresponding HSs. The major compounds of sage EO were detected to be α-thujone (25.1%), 1,8-cineole (15.8%) and β-pinene (10.0%), while the HS was characterized by the presence of 1,8-cineole (32.6%), borneol (22.6%) and α-thujone (22.4%). Pennyroyal EO and HS consists mainly of pulegone (62.1 and 50.6%, respectively). Carvacrol was the major component present in EO (63%) and HS (97.3%) of oregano, probably contributing to the antimicrobial activity. Further research is needed in order to elucidate the antimicrobial mechanisms of specific compounds present in essential oils and hydrosols of Lamiaceae grown in Greece against oral pathogens.

Mentha Pulegium: A Plant with Several Medicinal Properties.

The species Mentha Pulegium L. (M. pulegium L.) belongs to the family Lamiaceae, native to Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East, and the genus Mentha. It has been traditionally used in food, cosmetics, and medicines. It is a perennial, fragrant, well-liked, herbaceous plant that can grow up to half a meter tall. It is extensively used as a food flavoring, particularly for Moroccan traditional drinks. Chewing mint and M. pulegium, a relaxing and refreshing plant, can be used to treat hiccups and act as an anticonvulsant and nerve relaxant. Pennyroyal leaves that have been crushed have a pungent, spearmint-like scent. Pennyroyal is used to make herbal teas, which, while not proven to be harmful to healthy adults in small doses, are not recommended due to their liver toxicity. Infants and children can die if they consume it. Pennyroyal leaves, both fresh and dried, are particularly effective at repelling insects. Pennyroyal essential oil should never be taken internally because it is highly toxic, even in small doses, it can be fatal. This plant is used in traditional Moroccan medicine to treat a wide range of conditions, including influenza, rheumatism, migraine, infertility, ulcer, pain, gastrointestinal problems, fever, diabetes, obesity, mental and cardiac disorders, constipation, respiratory ailments, and cough. M. pulegium is a great candidate for contemporary therapeutic usage since it contains a wide variety of biologically active compounds, including terpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, and saponins in all its parts. Among the different parts used are the whole plant, the aerial part, the stem, and the leaves. More interestingly, the entire plant contains a variety of compounds including Pulegone, Isomenthone, Carvone, Menthofuran, Menthol, 1,8-Cineole, Piperitone, Piperitenone, Neomenthol, -humulene, and 3-octanol. Eriocitrin, Hesperidin, Narirutin, Luteolin, Isorhoifolin, Galic acid, and Rosmarinic acid are found in the leaves. p-hydroxybenzoic acid, Ferulic acid, Caffeic acid, Vanillic acid, Syringic acid, Protocatechuic acid, Cinnamic acid, Phloretic acid, o-coumaric acid, p-coumaric acid, Catechin, Epicatechin, Chrysin, Quercetin, Naringenin, Carvacrol are all found in the areal part. Alterporriol G, Atropisomer, Alterporriol H, Altersolanol K, Altersolanol L, Stemphypyrone, 6-O-methylalaternin, Macrosporin, Altersolanol A, Alterporriol E, Alterporriol D, Alterporriol A, Alterporriol B, and Altersolanol J are also found in the stem of fungus. Pulegone, Piperitone, p-Menthane-1,2,3- triol, β-elemenene, guanine (cis-), Carvacrol acetate, and Phenyl ethyl alcohol are all components of this plant's essential oils. Moreover, the study also sought to investigate and document all currently available evidence and information on the nutritional composition and therapeutic uses of this plant ornamental. Its pharmacological applications include antimicrobial, antioxidant, antihypertensive, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, antifungal, anticancer, burn wound healing, antispasmodic, and hepatotoxicity. Finally, toxicological studies have revealed that while low doses of extracts of the plant M. pulegium are not toxic, however, its essential oils of it are extremely toxic. In order to evaluate future research needs and investigate its pharmacological applications through clinical trials, the current assessment focuses on the distribution, chemical composition, biological activities, and primary uses of the plant.

Radioprotective effect of nanoniosome loaded by Mentha Pulegium essential oil on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells exposed to ionizing radiation

Objective The present study aimed to assess the radioprotective effect of nanoniosomes loaded by Mentha Pulegium essential oil (MPEO-N nanoparticles) as a natural antioxidant on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Significance Despite the applications and advantages of ionizing radiation, there are many radiation risks to biological systems that are necessary to be reduced as much as possible. Methods MPEO-N nanoparticles were prepared by the lipid thin film hydration method, and its physicochemical characteristics were analyzed. PBMCs were then irradiated with X-ray using a 6 MV linear accelerator at two radiation doses in the presence of nontoxic concentrations of MPEO-N nanoparticles (IC10). After 48 and 72 h of incubation, the radioprotective effect was investigated by measuring survival, apoptosis, and necrosis of PBMCs, using MTT assay and flow cytometry analysis. Key findings The hydrodynamic diameter and zeta potential of nanoniosomes were 106.0 ± 4.69 nm and −15.2 ± 0.9 mV, respectively. The mean survival percentage of PBMCs showed a significant increase only at a radiation dose of 200 cGy compared with the control group. The percentages of apoptosis and necrosis of cells in the presence of MPEO-N nanoparticles at both radiation doses and incubation periods (48 and 72 h) demonstrated a significant reduction compared with the control. Conclusion MPEO-N nanoparticles as a natural antioxidant, exhibited a favorable radioprotective effect by a significant reduction in the percentage of apoptosis and necrosis of irradiated PBMCs.

Antibacterial and antioxidant activity of oil-in-water nanoemulsion of Mentha pulegium essential oil and extract

Antibacterial and antioxidant activity of oil-in-water nanoemulsion of Mentha pulegium essential oil and extract

The combined effect of essential oils on wood physico-chemical properties and their antiadhesive activity against mold fungi: application of mixture design methodology

In the heritage field, the microbial adhesion on wood, and consequently the formation of biofilm led to inestimable losses of historical and cultural monuments. Thereby, this study aimed to examine the combined effect of Thymus vulgaris, Myrtus communis, and Mentha pulegium essential oils on wood surface physico-chemical properties, and to elaborate the optimal mixture using the mixture design approach coupled to the contact angle method. It was found that both wood hydrophobicity and electron donor character increased significantly after treatment using an optimal mixture containing 57% and 43% of M. pulegium and M. communis essential oils, respectively. The theoretical and experimental fungal adhesion on untreated and treated wood were also investigated. The results showed that the adhesion was favorable on untreated wood and reduced using the optimal mixture. Moreover, the experimental data demonstrated that the same mixture exhibited an antiadhesive efficacy effect with a reduction of 36–75% in adhesion.

Great Health Benefits of Essential Oils of Pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium L.): A Natural and Organic Medicine

Background: Natural herbal medicines may contribute to prevent and treat various diseases, and they have substantial medicinal properties. Objective: The goal of this manuscript is to survey natural benefits, chemical components, and medicinal values of pennyroyal. Methods: The goal of this manuscript was to outline the most notable advantages and pharmaceutical benefits of pennyroyal. The manuscript includes review articles, randomized control experiments, analytical studies and observations, which have been gathered from different sources such as Google Scholar, Scopus, Science Direct and PubMed. A review of the literature was carried out using the keywords such as pennyroyal, Mentha pulegium L., natural products and pharmaceutical benefits. Results: The major pennyroyal essential oils are pulegone, menthone, isomenthone, piperitone, mentol, neo-menthol and 3-Octanol. The major health benefits of pennyroyal are antiseptic, depurative, digestive, anti-rheumatic, anti-arthritic, antimicrobial, antibacterial, stomachic, astringent, emmenagogue, decongestant and insecticide. Conclusion: Nutrition therapy on the basis of traditional medicinal science is definitely useful for treating common diseases. Pennyroyal has notable promising health benefits, and its phytochemical and pharmacological benefits indicate its importance in modern medicinal studies.

Effects of dietary Pennyroyal essential oil on growth performance, digestive enzymes’ activity, and stress responses of common carp, Cyprinus carpio

This study aimed at assessing the effects of dietary Pennyroyal essential oil (PE) supplementation on growth performance, digestive enzymes, and stress, antioxidant, and immunological responses to an acute stress. Four experimental diets containing 0 (C), 100 (100PE), 250 (250PE), and 500 (500PE) mg/kg PE were used in this experiment. The fish were fed with these diets for eight weeks, followed by a 3-h crowding stress (40 kg/m3) and 24-h recovery. Growth performance, intestinal amylase, lipase, and protease activities, plasma total protein, albumin, and globulin levels were determined before stress, whereas plasma cortisol, glucose, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lysozyme, alternative complement (ACH50), total immunoglobulin (Ig), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured before and after stress. Dietary PE supplementation significantly increased growth performance and digestive enzymes of the fish. The highest growth performance was observed in 250PE treatment. Highest amylase, lipase and protease activities were observed in 500PE, 250PE, and 250PE/500PE treatments, respectively. Dietary PE significantly increased plasma total protein, albumin, and globulin and decreased plasma triglyceride and cholesterol levels. Dietary PE supplementation significantly decreased cortisol, glucose, ALT, AST, and MDA before the crowding stress and mitigated the elevations in these parameters after stress. On the other hand, dietary PE significantly increased plasma lysozyme, ACH50, total Ig, SOD, CAT, and GPx before stress and mitigated the alteration in these parameters after stress. In conclusion, dietary PE at 250 mg/kg is recommended for common carp feed, as it improve growth performance, digestive enzymes’ activities, and physiological and immunological responses to acute stress in fish.

Pennyroyal Essential Oil as a Green Pesticide for Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) Management and its Effects on Substrate Quality and Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition

Abstract. Tribolium castaneum Herbst (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) is the most damaging beetle species destroying stored products. Their management are difficult because they are developing resistance to insecticide. Essential oil application as bio-pesticide is receiving renewed attention. Pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium L.) is a relevant crop in the production of EO. The insecticidal effect of Tunisian pennyroyal EO were investigated against T. castaneum adults on wheat flour substrate under different occupation space conditions after 30 and 60 days of storage. EO impacts on wheat flour quality, volatile compounds retained by the treated substrate and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity were examined. GC/MS analysis showed that EO major compounds was pulegone (39.15 %). Insect mortality was assessed when EO was applied at 196 µL/L air to the stored wheat flour at 50 % or 100 % container capacity. A highest mortality occurred at 50 % container capacity, with means at 32.8 % and 72.2 % after storing for 30 and 60 days, respectively. Volatile compounds retained by the treated wheat flour were characterized via Headspace analysis. Results underlined that long time of storage (mainly 60 days) allowed the retention of significant amounts of menthone. EO substrate treatment changed flour moisture and protein content. EO exhibited insecticidal activity via inhibiting acetylcholinesterase activity. Resumen. Tribolium castaneum Herbst (Coleoptera: Tenebroideae) es la especie de escarabajo más dañina que destruye productos almacenados. Su manejo es difícil debido al desarrollo de resistencia a insecticidas. La aplicación de aceites esenciales (AE´s) como bio-pesticidas está recibiendo atención renovada. El poleo (Mentha pulegium L.) es un cultivo relevante en la producción de AE. El efecto insecticida del aceite esencial de poleo Tunecino fue investigado contra adultos de T. castaneum mantenidos en sustrato de harina de trigo bajo diferentes condiciones de espacio después de 30 y 60 días de almacenamiento. El AE impacta sobre la calidad de la harina de trigo, se evaluaron los compuestos volátiles retenidos en el sustrato tratado y la actividad de acetilcolinesterasa (ACE). El análisis por CG/EM mostró que el compuesto mayoritario en el AE fue la pulegona (39.15 %). La mortalidad de los insectos fue evaluada cuando el AE fue aplicado a 196 mL/L de aire a harina de trigo almacenada a un 50 % y 100 % de la capacidad del contenedor. La mortalidad más alta ocurrió en el contenedor a un 50 % de capacidad, con promedios de 32 % y 72.7 % después de 30 y 60 días de almacenamiento, respectivamente. Los compuestos volátiles retenidos por la harina de trigo fueron caracterizados mediante un análisis por espacio de cabeza (Headspace). Los resultados resaltaron que un tiempo largo de almacenamiento (principalmente 60 días) permite la retención de cantidades significativas de metona. El tratamiento del sustrato con AE cambió la humedad y el contenido de proteína de la harina. El AE mostró actividad insecticida por inhibición de la actividad de la enzima acetilcolinesterasa.

Nano-scaled emulsion and nanogel containing Mentha pulegium essential oil: cytotoxicity on human melanoma cells and effects on apoptosis regulator genes

BackgroundTopical drug delivery using nanoemulsions and nanogels is a promising approach to treating skin disorders such as melanoma.MethodsIn this study, the chemical composition of Mentha pulegium essential oil with five major compounds, including pulegone (68.11%), l-menthone (8.83%), limonene (2.90%), iso-pulegone (2.69%), and iso-menthone (1.48%) was first identified using GC-MS (Gas chromatography–Mass Spectrometry) analysis. Afterward, a nano-scaled emulsion containing the essential oil with a droplet size of 7.70 ± 1 nm was prepared. Nanogel containing the essential oil was then prepared by adding (2% w/v) carboxymethyl cellulose to the nano-scaled emulsion. Moreover, the successful loading of M. pulegium essential oil in the nano-scaled emulsion and nanogel was confirmed using ATR-FTIR (Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier Transform InfraRed) analysis. Then, human A375 melanoma cells were treated with different concentrations of samples, the MTT assay evaluated cell viability, and cell apoptosis was confirmed by flow cytometry. In addition, the expression of apoptotic and anti-apoptotic genes, including Bax and Bcl-2, was evaluated using the qPCR (quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction) technique.ResultsThe results showed that cell viability was reduced by 90 and 45% after treatment with 300 μg/mL of the nanogel and nano-scaled emulsion. As confirmed by flow cytometry, this effect was mediated by apoptosis. Furthermore, gene expression analysis showed up-regulation of Bax and down-regulation of Bcl-2 genes. Therefore, the prepared nanogel, with high efficacy, could be considered a potent anticancer agent for supplementary medicine and in vivo research.

Toxicity of Mentha pulegium essential oil and chemical pesticides toward citrus pest scale insects and the coccinellid predator Cryptolaemus montrouzieri

Toxicity of Mentha pulegium essential oil and chemical pesticides toward citrus pest scale insects and the coccinellid predator Cryptolaemus montrouzieri

Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) and pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium L.), impressive advantages with wondrous health-beneficial phytochemicals

Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.), belonging to the Asparagaceae family and has substantial medicinal properties. The name for asparagus comes from the Greek meaning sprout or shoot. This review aims to summarize the most important traditional and modern health benefits and pharmaceutical advantages of asparagus. This manuscript included randomized control experiments, review articles, observational and analytical studies, which have been surveyed in Google Scholar, Scopus, Research Gate and PubMed. We screened the articles first by reviewing titles and abstracts and subsequently reading the whole manuscript of those publications deemed suitable. The searches focused on publication from 1980 to January 2022. The most notable volatile organic compounds responsible for the smell are methanethiol, dimethyl sulfide, dimethyl disulfide, dimethyl sulfoxide and dimethyl sulfone. The most important health benefits of asparagus are antitumor, hepatoprotective, antioxidant, hypocholesterolemic, neuroprotective, immunoprotective, antimutagenic and hypoglycemic activities. The major pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium L.) essential oils are pulegone, menthone, isomenthone, piperitone, mentol, neo-menthol and 3-Octanol. The major health benefits of pennyroyal are antiseptic, depurative, digestive, anti-rheumatic, anti-arthritic, antimicrobial, antibacterial, stomachic, astringent, emmenagogue, decongestant and insecticide. Due to its pharmacological activities, asparagus is a high potential medicinal herb and the suggestion is to increases by doing research in both safety and efficacy. Natural herbal medicines which are also non-synthetic drug, super-fruit and functional foods is recommended and medicinal plants could be considered as organic super-fruit in all over the world. The phytochemical and pharmacological characteristics of asparagus show that asparagus is one of the most important medicinal plants in both traditional and modern pharmaceutical sciences. Pennyroyal has notable promising health benefits, and its phytochemical and pharmacological benefits indicate its important to be utilized in modern medicinal studies. This review also suggests more evidences for other researchers to use asparagus and pennyroyal as the ancient efficacious natural drugs.

Assessment of the efficiency of Mentha pulegium essential oil to suppress contamination of stored fruits by Botrytis cinerea

Assessment of the efficiency of Mentha pulegium essential oil to suppress contamination of stored fruits by Botrytis cinerea

Effects of Ionizing Radiation on Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) in the Presence of Mentha-Pulegium Essential Oil: A Study on the Radioprotective Effect.

Background: The Mentha-Pulegium essential oil (MP-EO) contains different antioxidant compounds and reduces the indirect effects of dispersed ionizing radiation on biological systems.Objective: The current study aimed to assess a possible radio-protective effect of MP-EO on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).Material and Methods: In this experimental study, MP-EO was firstly prepared and PBMCs were then irradiated in various groups with doses of 25 and 200 cGy of X-rays in the presence of IC10 of MP-EO. After incubation times of 48h and 72h, the survival, apoptosis, and necrosis percentages of PBMCs were determined by MTT assay and flow cytometry analyses; the radio-protective effect of MP-EO was examined.Results: In the presence of 80 µg/ml (IC10) MP-EO, the mean survival percentage of irradiated PBMCs by radiation doses of 25 and 200 cGy was significantly increased after 48h of incubation compared with the control. At 72h of incubation, the mean survival percentage of irradiated PBMCs was significantly increased only at 25 cGy. The percentage of apoptosis and necrosis of PBMCs was significantly reduced in the presence of the MP-EO at both incubation times and radiation doses; therefore, the highest reduction was at 200 cGy and 48h incubation compared to the control.Conclusion: MP-EO as a natural, non-toxic, and cost-effective compound can exhibit a favorable in-vitro radio-protective effect by increasing the survival and decreasing the percentage of apoptosis and necrosis of irradiated PBMCs.

The Effects of Pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium L.) Essential Oil on the Germination of Some Weed and Cultivated Seeds

Lamiaceae (ballıbabagiller) familyasına bağlı tıbbi ve aromatik bitkiler içerisinde yer alan yarpuz (Mentha pulegium L.) uçucu yağ bakımından zengin bir bitkidir. Bu çalışma, yarpuz uçucu yağının bazı yabancı ot ve kültür bitkileri tohumlarının çimlenmesine olan etkisini belirlemek amacıyla 2020 yılında Malatya Turgut Özal Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi, Bitki Koruma Bölümü Herboloji laboratuvarında yapılmıştır. Çalışmada, elde edilen uçucu yağın farklı dozlarının (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 8.0 ve 16.0 µl petri-1) 2 adet kültür bitkisi [(Capsicum annuum L.) ve (Triticum aestivum L.)] ve 4 adet yabancı ot [(Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats.), (Amaranthus albus L.), (Avena fatua L.) ve (Sinapis arvensis L.)] tohumunun çimlenmesi üzerine olan biyo-herbisidal etkisi araştırılmıştır. Çalışma sonunda, kullanılan uçucu yağ dozlarının kullanım miktarı arttıkça tohumların çimlenmesinin daha fazla baskılandığı görülmüş ve tüm tohumlarda en yüksek etki (%100) 16 µl petri-1 doz uygulamasında belirlenirken, en düşük etki (%1) ise S. arvensis tohumunda 1 µl petri-1 doz uygulamasından elde edilmiştir. Çalışmadaki LD50 ve LD90 değerlerine göre en yüksek doz sırasıyla 3.520 ve 7.857 µl petri-1 olarak T. aestivum’da, en düşük değerler ise 0.004 ve 0.175 µl petri-1 olarak A. palmeri tohumunda görülmüştür. Biber ve sebze alanları içerisinde sorun olan yabancı otlardan A. albus ve A. palmeri tohumlarının çimlenmesini engellemede düşük dozlar etkili olmuştur. Bu sonucun ileriki zamanlarda biyo-herbisit çalışmalarına fayda sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.

Screening of the Potential Bioactivities of Pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium L.) Essential Oil.

Increasing resistance of pathogens towards conventional antibiotics presents a major threat to public health because it reduces the effectiveness of antibiotic treatment. Mentha pulegium L., also known as pennyroyal, is an aromatic herb that belongs to the family Lamiaceae. Its essential oil has been traditionally used in medicine, aromatherapy, and cosmetics. The purpose of this work was to study the chemical composition of a pennyroyal essential oil and to evaluate their bioactivities, specifically, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-quorum sensing, and anti-inflammatory. A special focus was given to the antibacterial activity of the essential oil against Acinetobacter baumannii. The chemical composition of the essential oil was studied by GC-MS/GC-FID. The DPPH free radical scavenging assay and the β-carotene/linoleic acid system were used to evaluate the antioxidant properties. The antimicrobial and anti-quorum sensing activities were evaluated by disk diffusion assays and complemented with optical microscopy observations. The results showed that pulegone was the major compound (88.64%) of the pennyroyal essential oil. Regarding the antimicrobial activity, the action against Acinetobacter baumannii stands out, which, together with the capacity of the essential oil to inhibit the quorum sensing mechanisms, may suggest the use of the pennyroyal essential oil to further develop surface disinfectants for hospitals.

Investigation of the chemical properties of Mentha pulegium essential oil and its application in Ocimum basilicum seed mucilage edible coating for extending the quality and shelf life of veal stored in refrigerator (4°C).

Nowadays, the tendency toward the application of natural preservatives to extent the shelf life of food products has grown. The purpose of the present research was to evaluate the effect of the basil seed mucilage (BSM)‐based edible coating containing different concentrations of Mentha pulegium essential oil (MPEO) on the shelf life of the veal stored at refrigerator temperature. Firstly, the chemical composition and functional groups of MPEO were detected through gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Then, the BSM‐based edible coatings containing 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2% MPEO were prepared, and the veal samples were coated with them. The physicochemical, microbial, and sensory properties of the samples were investigated during the 9‐day storage period at 4°C. Twenty‐five compounds were detected in MPEO with limonene being the major one (28.44%). The results revealed that the lightness, hardness, and moisture content of the samples decreased during storage. The coating containing the essential oil could properly restrain the rise in pH, peroxide value (PV), and thiobarbituric acid value (TBA). Based on microbial analyses, the shelf life of the coated sample without the essential oil and those containing 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2% of the essential oil were, respectively, extended up to 3, 6, 9, 9, and 9 days relative to the control. Moreover, the coating containing the essential oil produced no unfavorable effect on the sensory properties of the meat samples. In conclusion, the BSM‐based edible coating containing different concentrations of MPEO can be applied as a natural preservative to enhance the resistance of meat products against microbial spoilage and fat oxidation.

Combined effects of chitosan coating incorporated with Berberis vulgaris extract and Mentha pulegium essential oil and MAP in the shelf life of turkey meat

Combined effects of chitosan coating incorporated with Berberis vulgaris extract and Mentha pulegium essential oil and MAP in the shelf life of turkey meat

Anticancer Effect of Solid-Lipid Nanoparticles Containing Mentha longifolia and Mentha pulegium Essential Oils: In Vitro Study on Human Melanoma and Breast Cancer Cell Lines

Breast cancer and melanoma are common cancers with several treatments such as surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and their side effects. Therefore, new drugs using plant-derived substances (especially essential oils) have received more attention in recent years; however, they are generally less effective than synthetic drugs. Therefore, the preparation of essential oil-based nanoformulations is considered a promising approach to improving their efficiency. In this study, ingredients of Mentha longifolia and Mentha pulegium essential oils were first identified by GC-MS analysis. Their anticancer effects were then evaluated against one melanoma cell line (A-375) and two breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-468 and MCF-7). The cytotoxic effect of the essential oil on all cell lines at even the highest concentration, 1200 µg/mL, was not proper (viability > 55%). After that, solid lipid nanoparticles containing each essential oil with particle sizes of 107 ± 9 (PDI 0.274) and 191 ± 8 (PDI 0.174) nm and zeta potential -7.10 and -4.81 mV were prepared. Interestingly, both prepared nanoformulations reduced the viability of all three cell lines to around 10% at half the mentioned concentration, 600 µg/mL. Thus, the prepared nanoformulations could be introduced as proper candidates for investigation in-vivo research and supplementary medicine.

Essential oil of Mentha pulegium induces anthelmintic effects and reduces parasite-associated oxidative stress in rodent model

Following the previous findings reported by the present authors on the anthelmintic effect of hydro-ethanolic extract of Mentha pulegium, the volatile constituents of M. pulegium are now assessed in the present study by exploring its anthelmintic and its antioxidant proprieties using in vitro and in vivo assays. Egg hatch assay (EHA) and adult worm's motility assays (AWMA) were used to assess the in vitro activity against Haemonchus. contortus. The in vivo anthelmintic potential was evaluated in mice infected with Heligmosomoides polygyrus using faecal egg count reduction (FECR) and total worm count reduction (TWCR). M. pulegium EO demonstrated 100% inhibition in the EHA at 200 μg/mL (IC50 = 56.36 μg/mL). In the AWM assay, EO achieved total worms paralysis 6 h after treatment exposure. This nematicidal effect was associated to morphological damages observed in the cuticular's worm using environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM). At 400 mg/kg, M. pulegium oil showed 75.66% of FECR and 80.23% of TWCR. The antioxidant potential of this plant was also monitored by several in vitro assays: total antioxidant capacity was 205.22 mg GAE/g DW, DPPH quenching effect was IC50 = 140 μg/mL, ABTS activity IC50 = 155 μg/mL and FRAP effect of 660 μg/mL. Regarding the in vivo assay, M. pulegium EO demonstrated a protective effect against oxidative stress by increasing the activity of the endogenous antioxidants (SOD, CAT and GPx) during H. polygyrus infection.

Influence of elaboration process on chemical, biological, and sensory characteristics of European pennyroyal liqueurs.

Mentha pulegium is an aromatic and medicinal plant used in different Mediterranean herb-based liqueurs, whose phytochemical composition depends on the elaboration technique used. The aim of this work was to investigate differences in the sensory, chemical, and biological characteristics of pennyroyal liqueurs elaborated by hydro-alcoholic (HI) and aqueous (AI) infusions, percolation (P), maceration (M), and distillation (D) techniques, and by the mixture of spirit with pennyroyal essential oil (EO). The volatile composition determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and gas chromatography coupled to flame ionization detection (GC-FID), the total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid (TFC) contents, the antioxidant (AC), and enzyme (α-glucosidase, tyrosinase, and acetylcholinesterase) inhibitory capacities, and the sensory analysis by napping, were evaluated in the liqueurs obtained. Monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes were the main volatiles present in liqueurs. The M, P, HI, and AI liqueurs showed the highest TPC, TFC, and AC values; and pulegone, the main hepatotoxic chemotype, was found in concentrations that gave rise to concern. The D and EO liqueurs stand out for their acceptable pulegone content and greater tyrosinase inhibition. Similar liqueur classifications were achieved by sensory analyses, and physico-chemical and biological analyses using multiple factor and principal component analyses, respectively. These results are an important contribution to the identification of the most appropriate elaboration conditions for herbal liqueurs with the healthiest chemical composition and functional properties. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.