Peppermint Essential Oil Research Articles

Determination of chemical composition and insecticidal potential of leaf essential oil of Mentha piperita L.

Pulverised fresh Mentha piperita leaves was subjected to hydrodistillation for three hours in a Clevenger-type apparatus. The oil obtained was characterised using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and also evaluated for insecticidal activity on Callosobruchus maculatus (bean weevils) and Sitophilus zeamais (maize weevils). The oil afforded a yield of 0.78% (w/w). A total of 39 compounds were identified from their mass spectra representing 98.9% of the oil. The classes of compounds identified revealed predominance of oxygenated monoterpenoids (72.4%), hydrogenated monoterpenoids accounted for 6.0%, hydrogenated sesquiterpenoids and oxygenated sesquiterpenoids constituted 12.2 and 4.0% respectively. Other non-terpenic compounds detected in the oil accounted for 4.3% of the total oil. The most abundant compound was menthol (40.4%), other major compounds identified were menthone (12.3%), menthofuran (9.2%), 1, 8-cineole (5.6%) and limonene (5.5%). The percentage mortality of between 68-94.5% and 65-90.2% were recorded for bean weevils and maize weevils respectively after exposure to 10µl essential oil vapour in fumigation chambers for 6, 12, 18 and 24 hours. The insecticidal activity of the oil compared favourably with that of standard insecticide and so can be used to formulate an alternative insecticide from botanical source.

Effect of aromatherapy with peppermint essential oil on the gag reflex: a randomized, placebo-controlled, single-blind, crossover study

BackgroundSensitive gag reflexes prevent dental patients from receiving appropriate treatment. Aromatherapy helps patients relax during dental procedures. However, the effect of aromatherapy on the gag reflex caused by the stimulation of the oral cavity is unknown. This study aimed to evaluate whether aromatherapy reduces gag reflexes during oral stimulation.MethodsIn this randomized, placebo-controlled, single-blind, crossover study, the gag reflexes of 24 healthy individuals (12 females and 12 males; mean age: 34.3 ± 9.5 years) were quantified. A standard saliva ejector was slowly guided down the participant’s throat to determine the maximum tolerance of the gag reflex, and the insertion distance was measured to quantify the gag reflex. All individuals participated in an aromatherapy session with peppermint essential oil and a placebo session with distilled water. The gag reflex was quantified before (baseline) and after each session. Another measurement was performed using nitrous oxide/oxygen inhalation as a positive control.ResultsGag reflex values significantly increased after aromatherapy with both peppermint essential oil and placebo compared to baseline values (paired t-test, P < 0.001 and P = 0.014, respectively). The gag reflex value also increased significantly during nitrous oxide/oxygen inhalation (paired t-test, P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the increase rate of gag reflex values between the positive control and aromatherapy interventions, but it was significantly lower after the placebo intervention (repeated measures analysis of variance, P = 0.003; post-hoc test, P = 0.83 and P = 0.02).ConclusionAromatherapy with peppermint essential oil has the potential for reducing gag reflex during dental procedures.Trial registrationThe study was registered in the University hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry under the code UMIN000050616 (approved 17/03/2023).

Effects of peppermint oil inhalation on vertical jump performance in elite young professional soccer players: A double-blinded randomized crossover study

AimsTo evaluate peppermint essential oil (PEO) inhalation's effect on young soccer athletes' motor performance. MethodsA randomized crossover design was used to test the effect of the PEO. Eleven U-17 soccer players were evaluated into two conditions (PEO and Placebo – PLA). The players were tested in squat jump and countermovement jump and inhaled PEO or PLA and 10 min later performed the physical tests again. A mixed ANOVA was performed to test the hypotheses. ResultsMain effects were found for the time in jumping height in the CMJ (p = 0.037). No main and interaction effects were found in the SJ variables. ConclusionFrom the results, decrease CMJ performance acutely, both conditions presented decrease in JH, but based in effect size, PLA decrease is higher (more sample size for corroborate this) possibly due to improvements in the eccentric yielding sub-phase, where mentioned phase could be reflecting neural changes (required experimental verification). The PEO could be the interest in trainers for use before of match or in the half-time for minimize the decreased of physical performance by the rest.

Comparing the effects of acupressure and aromatherapy with peppermint essential oil on the quality of recovery of patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A randomized controlled trial

Introduction: Complementary medicine presents a viable avenue for mitigating side effects after surgery. This study aimed to compare the effects of acupressure and peppermint essential oil on the quality of recovery in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). Methods: In this clinical trial, 210 patients referred to the Besat and Beheshti hospitals in Hamadan, Iran, were included. After giving their informed consent and completing the demographics survey, they were randomly assigned to 3 equal groups of control, peppermint essential oil, and acupressure. The study primarily assessed recovery quality through a 15- item questionnaire and secondarily evaluated postoperative nausea and satisfaction. Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis, Wilcoxon, and Friedman tests in SPSS 23. Results: In pre-intervention, there was no significant difference between the groups in the total score of recovery quality, nausea, and demographic data. There was a significant increase in the quality of recovery score in the acupressure group when compared to the peppermint group on the second postoperative day (P&lt;0.001). In post-intervention, the mean score of nausea improvement in the control group was significantly less than those of the peppermint and acupressure groups (P&lt;0.05). However, neither the acupressure nor peppermint groups displayed a significant reduction in nausea severity (P=0.439). Furthermore, the patient’s satisfaction in the acupressure group was significantly higher than that of other groups on the second postoperative day (P&lt;0.001). Conclusion: The administration of acupressure was found to be successful in improving recovery quality, patient satisfaction, and mitigating nausea compared to peppermint and standard treatment.

Chemical composition of four essential oils and their adulticidal, repellence, and field oviposition deterrence activities against Culex pipiens L. (Diptera: Culicidae)

Effective mosquito repellents can limit the transmission of vector-borne diseases to humans. Consequently, there is an urgent need to develop mosquito control strategies that prioritize eco-friendly and cost-effective repellents. Essential oils (EOs) have enormous potential for mosquito repellency. Here, cinnamon, basil, eucalyptus, and peppermint EOs were investigated for adulticide and repellency properties against Culex pipiens as well on the oviposition behavior of gravid females from laboratory (lab test) and field (field test) populations. Cinnamon oil was an effective oviposition deterrent regardless of the population and had high adulticidal activity with toxicity index of 75.00% at 24 h of exposure, relative to deltamethrin. In addition, it exhibited effective repellency at 98.01% and 71.22% at 6.67 and 1.71 µl/cm2, respectively. Peppermint oil had the least adulticidal activity with toxicity index of 6.2% at 24 h, and it resulted in low repellency at 70.90% and 50.64% at 6.67 and 1.71 µl/cm2, respectively. On average, basil and eucalyptus oils showed some adulticidal efficiency, repellency, and oviposition deterrent activity. For all treatments, the oviposition deterrent index values of gravid females from natural populations (field test) were lower than those from lab-reared (lab test) females. Different ratios of monoterpenoids, phenylpropanoids, and fatty acids in the EOs tested likely account for the activity variations observed. Our results suggest cinnamon, basil, eucalyptus, and peppermint EOs, which are widely available, economical, and eco-friendly, with good potential for mosquito control strategies.

Determination of Antifungal Activity of Essential Oil of Mentha piperita (Mint)

Determination of Antifungal Activity of Essential Oil of Mentha piperita (Mint)

Microbioma intestinal e morfometria de codornas alimentadas com dietas contendo óleos essenciais

ABSTRACT: One of the greatest challenges in poultry production is maintaining intestinal mucosal barrier integrity and gut microbiota balance. Safe alternative antimicrobials that can regulate the microbial community through animal feed have been the subject of research in poultry production. This study evaluated the effect of Mentha piperita and Melaleuca alternifolia essential oils (EOs) on the gut microbiome and morphometry of broiler quails under normal feeding conditions. The gut microbiome was studied using a completely randomized design consisting of 4 treatments, namely control, bacitracin zinc, and the Eos M. piperita and M. alternifolia, with 8 repetitions and 7 quails per treatment, totaling 224 quails from 1 to 42 days old. The intestinal contents of the slaughtered quails were collected to evaluate the gut microbiome profile of their digestive tract. Gut morphometry was analyzed using a completely randomized factorial design, with four experimental rations for three intestinal sections (4x3) and five replications. The variables studied were villus surface area and height, crypt depth, villus height to cryptdepth ratio (VH:CD), villus-crypt ratio (V:C), villus width to height ratio (VW:H), and height of the intestinal epithelium and musculature. M. alternifolia (50 mg/kg of feed) in the diet of broiler quails improved gut morphometry, similar to the results obtained with bacitracin zinc. This EO also altered the gut microbiome of quails and reduced pathogenic bacterial diversity.

Nanoencapsulated Thymus daenensis and Mentha piperita essential oil for bacterial and biofilm eradication using microfluidic technology

The use of essential oil (EO) nanoemulsions is expanding to meet customer demand for all-natural antibacterial agents. Thymus daenensis (T) and Mentha piperita (M) EOs were employed to make nanoemulsions (TEO and MEO NE), using Tween 80/Span 80 as surfactant/cosurfactant and a high-speed homogenizer. The TEO and MEO NEs were then characterized in terms of particle size (121, 113 nm), surface charge (-11.2 and −12.6 mV), morphology, and stability over time. Then, the antibacterial activity of EOs and their nanoformulations against Escherichia coli (E. coli) were evaluated based on various residence times, and concentrations on a microfluidic chip. The release of cytoplasmic constituents was used to compare the antibacterial activity of bulk EOs and nanoformulations. After completing MIC, MBC, and time-killing assays, the inhibitory effect of nanoformulations on E. coli biofilm formation was examined. Remarkable intensification was observed by employing a microfluidic chip owing to high-contact surface area provision between nanoemulsions and bacteria. Once compared to the conventional method for 3 h operation, the bacterial activity was nearly completely inhibited in a 24-min residence time using nanoemulsions. After 6 min of treatment, the cell membrane began to rupture, indicating that nanoemulsions could improve the antibacterial activity of bulk essential oils.

Evaluation of Plant Essential Oils against Sitophilus oryzae Linnaeus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) under Laboratory Conditions

Sitophilus oryzae Linnaeus, commonly known as rice weevil is a globally serious pest of stored grains, especially rice. Considering the target specific nature of botanicals and less hazardous effect than synthetic insecticides, the study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness and appropriate dosage of four essential oils i.e., lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus Stap.), eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus Labill.), peppermint (Mentha piperita L.), and tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia L.) against S. oryzae. Each essential oil was used at 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 ml doses on filter paper. A long glass cylinder (1000 ml size), divided into three (A, B, and C) sections, supplied with 20 g rice at ends, was used in the study. Ten freshly emerged adults of S. oryzae were released in the center of B, whereas treated and untreated filter paper was placed at A and C section, respectively. Observations on repellency and mortality percentage were recorded after 24 and 48 hours of exposure. The results indicated that all the tested essential oils exhibited insecticidal potential against S. oryzae. The insecticidal activity of all the essential oils increased with their application dose and exposure timing. Maximum mortality of S. oryzae after 48 hours was recorded in tea tree (76.67±3.33%) at 1.0 ml dose, whereas maximum repellency was recorded with 0.1 ml lemongrass (76.67±12.02%) treatment. Overall, tea tree and lemongrass showed maximum insecticidal performance, whereas peppermint was the least effective. After 48 hours, the lowest [0.008 ml (0.001-0.019) and highest [0.018 ml (0.000-0.078) LD50 values against S. oryzae were recorded with lemongrass and peppermint essential oils, respectively. The LD50 values recorded for eucalyptus and tea tree treatment were 0.07 ml (0.000-0.059) and 0.009 ml (0.000-0.046), respectively. Therefore, it is suggested that the essential oils of either tea tree or lemongrass may be applied in the warehouses against S. oryzae, that may not only cause repellency but also mortality among them.

ANTIBACTERIAL PROPERTIES OF COMMERCIAL PEPPERMINT ESSENTIAL OIL AGAINST SOME GRAM-POSITIVE AND GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA

The authors of this article conducted research and studied the antibacterial properties of commercial peppermint essential oil (PEO) against several gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria provided by Polish manufacturers of essential oils (Naturalne Aromaty sp. z o.o., Klaj, Poland). Therefore, to conduct research with the aim of to study the antibacterial properties of commercial peppermint essential oil (PEO), an antimicrobial susceptibility test (Kirby-Bauer diffusion test) was used to measure diameters of bacterial growth inhibition zones). In the current study, Gram-negative strains such as Escherichia coli (Migula) Castellani and Chalmers (ATCC® 25922™ ), Escherichia coli (Migula) Castellani and Chalmers (ATCC® 35218™ ), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Schroeter) Migula (ATCC® 27853™ ) and Gram-positive strains such as Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus Rosenbach (ATCC® 29213™ ), methicillin-resistant (MRSA), mecA positive Staphylococcus aureus (NCTC® 12493), Enterococcus faecalis (Andrewes and Horder) Schleifer and Kilpper-Balz (ATCC® 51299™ ) (resistant to vancomycin; sensitive to teicoplanin) and Enterococcus faecalis (Andrewes and Horder) Schleifer and Kilpper-Balz (ATCC® 29212™ ) were used. Results of the current study revealed that resistant to the PEO were Gram-negative bacterial strains, such as E. coli (Migula) Castellani and Chalmers (ATCC® 35218™ ) and P. aeruginosa (Schroeter) Migula (ATCC® 27853™ ) strains. The authors found that the diameters of the inhibition zones after application of PEO were similar to the control samples (96% ethanol). It was also found that after the application of REO, the increase in the diameters of the inhibition zones was 60.3% (p &lt; 0.05) for the Escherichia coli strain (Migula) Castellani and Chalmers (ATCC® 25922™ ) compared to control samples (96% ethanol ). Accordingly, Gram-positive strains such as S. aureus subsp. aureus Rosenbach (ATCC® 29213™ ) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (NCTC® 12493) were equally resistant to PEO, similarly. On the other hand, Enterococcus faecalis (Andrewes and Horder) Schleifer and Kilpper-Balz (ATCC® 29212™ ) and Enterococcus faecalis (Andrewes and Horder) Schleifer and Kilpper-Balz (ATCC® 51299™ ) were sensitive to PEO. After the application of PEO, the largest diameters of inhibition zones were observed for the E. faecalis strain. The results suggest that commercial peppermint essential oil provided by Polish essential oil manufacturers (Naturalne Aromaty sp. z o.o., Kłaj, Poland) possesses some noteworthy antimicrobial properties. In vivo studies are necessary to calculate the effective dose of EOs and determine their possible side effects and toxicity.

Dietary Mentha piperita essential oil loaded in chitosan nanoparticles mediated the growth performance and humoral immune responses in Siberian sturgeon (Acipenserbaerii)

Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii) fry often face environmental stressors that can compromise their immune system, rendering them susceptible to opportunistic pathogens in intensive aquaculture systems. In this study, we explored the innovative use of chitosan nanoparticles loaded with Mentha piperita essential oil (MPO/CNPs) as a dietary supplement to improve the growth and immune responses of A. baerii. The results demonstrated that the addition of MPO/CNPs to the diet led to significant improvements in growth, as evidenced by increased red blood cell count, hematocrit, haemoglobin concentration, and reduced triglyceride levels. Furthermore, significant differences were observed in the immune parameters for the treatment groups receiving Mentha piperita essential oil loaded in chitosan nanoparticles (MPO/CNPs), including enhanced lysozyme activity, immunoglobulin M (IgM) levels, respiratory burst activity, and ACH50 activity. Additionally, gene expression analysis revealed upregulation of key immune-related genes in the MPO/CNPs-treated groups. These findings suggest that the use of MPO/CNPs can enhance the growth and bolster the immune defences of Siberian sturgeon fry, contributing to more sustainable production in intensive aquaculture environments.

Comprehensive quality assessment of peppermint oils and commercial products: An integrated approach involving conventional and chiral GC/MS coupled with chemometrics

Peppermint essential oil (EO) has a multitude of applications, such as a fragrance in cosmetics, personal care and industrial products, or as a flavoring ingredient in food and beverages. Despite its popularity and economic significance, peppermint EO is often adulterated to reduce production costs and to increase profits. Although the ISO standard for peppermint EO exists, detecting sophisticated forms of adulteration remains challenging.The current study used conventional and chiral GC/MS analysis of volatiles compounds, and chemometric techniques to evaluate an extensive set of authentic peppermint EO (n = 22) and commercial products (n = 36) purported to contain peppermint EO. Specifically, thirty-six terpenoids were examined in each sample and compared with the ISO standard. Fifty-three percent of the selected commercial products did not meet the ISO specifications and the ratio between menthone/isomenthone was proven to be a good indicator for authentication and adulteration detection. Chiral GC/MS was further employed to measure eight terpenoids: α-pinene, β-pinene, limonene, menthol, menthone, isomenthone, pulegone, and menthyl acetate. The enantiomeric compositions of 27 commercial products were above or below the norm measured from authentic peppermint EOs. Of the 27 samples, eight met the ISO standard. A sample class prediction (SCP) model based on partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) of conventional GC/MS data was constructed using authentic peppermint EOs and cornmint EOs. The model can distinguish the most common types of peppermint EOs (US, India, and US/India blend) and cornmint EOs sold in the US market. After construction, the SCP model was then used to analyze commercial samples. One sample, which passed both ISO specification and chiral analysis, was identified as outlier by the SCP model. Overall, the applicability of combining both conventional and chiral GC/MS along with chemometric tools has been successfully demonstrated to address the overall quality of peppermint EOs in commerce and may help combat sophisticated adulteration.

Effect of exogenous essential oil treatments on the storage behaviour of apricot fruit harvested at different altitudes

ABSTRACT Due to the short shelf life of fresh apricots, special postharvest preservation techniques and practices are necessary to avoid significant economic losses. The purpose of the current study is to bring to light an approach that can be used to extend the storage life of apricot fruits treated with essential oils (EOs) (peppermint, thyme and carob EO) and examine the effects of two altitudes (1000 m and 1200 m) on the organic acid levels and respiration rate of apricot fruit during long-term storage. The results show that growing apricots at high altitudes increases the level of organic acids in the fruit, improving its quality and extending its postharvest life. Additionally, treating apricots with EOs postharvest slows down the respiration rate, reducing the consumption of organic acids during storage compared to the untreated fruit. The organic acid content was significantly higher in ‘Kabaaşi’ than in ‘Hacihaliloğlu’, and fruit harvested at 1200 m had significantly higher levels of organic acid than the fruit harvested at 1000 m. During storage, the highest organic acid content and the lowest respiration rate were observed in the fruit of both cultivars treated with peppermint, carob, and thyme oil, as compared to control fruit, respectively. To summarize, the use of EOs as postharvest treatment for apricot is recommended for maintaining the quality of the fruit during extended storage.

Garlic and peppermint essential oils elicit plant defensive responses in sweet peppers

Garlic and peppermint essential oils elicit plant defensive responses in sweet peppers

Sustainable fragrance release wax oil coating for wood substrate based on peppermint essential oil microcapsules

At present, odorous emissions from wood products are the main leading cause of perceived discomfort in indoor environments. The source control is the most effective way to reduce odorous emissions. Herein, this study aims to investigate the impact of peppermint essential oil microcapsules on the unpleasant odor emissions from wax oil coated wood products. In this paper, peppermint essential oil microcapsules were added to wax oil to endow wax oil-coated wood with continuous fragrance release. The results showed that the microcapsules prepared by the complex coacervation method with gelatin and gum arabic as the wall materials and peppermint essential oil as the core material had significant fragrance slow-release ability and improved thermal stability. Adding microcapsules to wood wax oil at a mass ratio of 10% has no significant effect on the quality of the paint film, but the presence of amino groups in the wall material of the microcapsules causes a significant color change of the finished wood. The release of aromatic odors in wax oil-coated wood is significantly prolonged. The main odorant compounds released in the early stage were terpenes with herbal, woody and balsamic flavor characteristics. The odor compounds released at a later stage are mainly alkanes, and the odor is expressed as waxy, herbal and woody. The dispersion of microcapsules in wood wax oil leads to changes in the pore structure of the wood wax oil finish material, which provides multiple pathways for the slow release of odor compounds.

Development and characterization of peppermint essential oil/rice husk fibre/ corn starch active biocomposite film and its performance on bread preservation

Active packaging with antimicrobial characteristics can inhibit bacterial growth and prolong the shelf life of packaged food products. Numerous attempts have been made to develop biobased eco-friendly polymer packaging films to minimize the utilization of synthetic antimicrobial packaging. However, polymer-based packaging has limited physio-mechanical properties, making it a poor candidate for packaging applications. In this study, an antimicrobial fibre-reinforced biocomposite was fabricated using rice husk fibre (RH) in the starch matrix to enhance the properties of packaging film. Peppermint essential oil (PEO), extracted from peppermint leaves, was incorporated into the film to enable antimicrobial properties. Rice husk fibre was varied from 10% to 50%, PEO ranged from 1% to 6%, and influence on various properties of biocomposite film was analysed. Developed biocomposite films were evaluated using XRD, FT-IR, SEM, water contact angle, and surface roughness. Furthermore, mechanical properties, water solubility, moisture content, colour properties, and optical barrier properties of biocomposite film were also calculated. In mechanical properties, biocomposite film that has 10% rice husk fibres, and 1% PEO showed the maximum tensile strength and elastic modulus of 2.25 MPa, and 57.4 MPa, respectively. In the biodegradability test, the degradation rate was reduced with reinforcing rice husk fibres and incorporation of PEO. The fabricated biocomposite films exhibit a zone of inhibition against Gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus and B. subtilis) as well as Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli and K. pneumoniae). Moreover, fabricated biocomposite was used as bread packaging and compared with synthetic and open packaging for shelf-life analysis. In observation, it was found that it has increased the shelf life of packed bread and reduced the growth of food-borne microbes in bread. This fabricated antimicrobial biocomposite is an eco-friendly packaging film that may reduce the food wastage and environmental impact of packaging materials by utilizing agricultural waste.

IN VITRO ANTIFUNGAL EFFECT OF TWELVE ESSENTIAL OILS ON PENICILLIUM EXPANSUM GROWTH

The questionable safety of food spoiled by microorganisms is and should be the subject of attention and investigation. Pathogens such as Penicillium expansum are more difficult to control due to their resistance and ubiquity. Awareness of plant essential oils (EOs) as alternative natural preservatives is increasing because of their significant antimicrobial activity. The aim of this research work was therefore to contribute to this topic with new results. The antifungal activity of twelve EOs was tested in vitro against five strains of Penicillium expansum, using the vapour-phase diffusion method. Three EOs, from bergamot, star anise and rosaline, inhibited colony growth during two-week cultivation with a partial efficacy, all other EOs showed complete (100%) inhibitory activity at a concentration of 625 μL.L-1. These (EOs from clove, cinnamon, cinnamon bark, laurel, lemongrass, peppermint, Mitcham mint, spearmint, and lavender) were included in the second part of the trial, the aim of which was to determine their minimum inhibitory doses (MIDs). In the case of peppermint, Mitcham mint, spearmint and lavender EOs, some strains of P. expansum grew already at a concentration of 500 μL.L-1. Clove EO stopped the fungal growth of two strains at 250 μL.L-1. Laurel EO was 100% effective at MID 250 μL.L-1 throughout the cultivation period. EOs from lemongrass and cinnamon bark had similar efficacy on the strains. Both EOs were able to inhibit one strain at a MID of 125 μL.L-1, cinnamon bark EO inhibited the remaining strains at 250 μL.L-1, lemongrass EO inhibited three strains at 250 μL.L-1 and one at 500 μL.L-1. The lowest MID was recorded for cinnamon EO, which effectively inhibited two strains at 125 μL.L-1, two strains at 62.5 μL.L-1 and one strain even at 31.25 μL.L-1. The sensitivity of the strains used in this study varied according to the EOs used.

Antibacterial Activity of Mentha piperita (Peppermint) Oil against Wound Infections Caused by Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella in Rats

Drug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae causes nosocomial infections, pneumonia, wound sepsis and infections of newborns and intensive care patients. In many cases antibiotics are no longer very effective in patients treated for K. pneumoniae infections. Various studies have shown antimicrobial properties of essential oils and different compounds that are part of them. This study aimed to determine the antibacterial efficacy and minimum inhibitory concentration of the Mentha piperita essential oil against resistant strain of K. pneumoniae. Efficiency of peppermint oil when used with antibiotics in wound management as well as controlling K. pneumoniae infection was also investigated in this study. Well diffusion method was used to determine the antibacterial activity of peppermint oil, where its inhibitory capacity was observed along with antibiotics and compared with control. Bacterial load of K. pneumonia OXA48 resistant strain on wound in rat models was also studied and compared. Klebsiella pneumoniae OXA48 and K. pneumoniae ATCC 700603 were inhibited by effectively by 40 µl/ml of peppermint oil in well diffusion assays. In rat models the wounds were healed, and epithelization was quicker in 10% peppermint oil treated wounds. Wounds applied with a combination of peppermint oil and Imipenem were more effectively protected from infection and showed better healing as well. Peppermint oil depicted both inhibitory capacities against K. pneumonia OXA48 and promoted wound healing as well. Further studies regarding PMO and its efficacy in wound management as well as its associated molecular mechanism would provide better understanding regarding its potential.

The Antimicrobial Effects of Alginate Coating Containing Solid Lipid Nanoparticles of Peppermint Essential Oil against Escherichia coli O157: H7 and Salmonella Typhimurium Inoculated on Beef Fillet

The Antimicrobial Effects of Alginate Coating Containing Solid Lipid Nanoparticles of Peppermint Essential Oil against Escherichia coli O157: H7 and Salmonella Typhimurium Inoculated on Beef Fillet

Constructing a biodegradable carrageenan based food packaging film according to the synergistic strategies between peppermint essential oil and thymol

The research and development trend of food packaging is changing from synthetic polymers to eco-friendly materials such as polysaccharides and other hydrocolloids, aiming to solve the problem of pollution from plastic wastes. In this work, a biodegradable food packaging noted KC/PT film was constructed using konjac glucomannan (KGM)/carrageenan (CAR) composite as the matrix and peppermint essential oil (PO)/thymol (THY) with synergistic effect as the reinforcements. The KC/PT film showed great mechanical properties, UV-blocking activity, increased water contact angle and reduced water vapor permeability. Due to the synergistic effect between PO and THY, the KC/PT film showed excellent antioxidant performance and antibacterial behavior against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19115 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538. The antibacterial mechanism was further illustrated. The prepared KC/PT film, as a unique packaging film, not only successfully extended the shelf life of strawberry to 16 days at 4 °C, but also well expressed its environmental friendliness that it could nearly degrade after 47 days in natural soil conditions. Most importantly, the film exhibited good stability in terms of mechanical properties, antioxidant activity and antibacterial performances after 4 months storage. Therefore, the film the KC/PT film has great potentials in the field of food packaging area.