Mental Space Research Articles

Ментал модел болон дискурсив хандлагыг "хэл-математик" загвараар шинжлэх нь

This research examines how to create knowledge which is a base of the macrostructure and global meaning of discourse. The meaning of keywords and concepts that express the global meaning of the discourse, were weighed mathematically to determine the significant value. These top rank of weighted words are considered as a cognitive mapping and mental model within knowledge theory and information structure theory, developed by the Fairclough, Teun A. van Dijk and B. Dagiimaa,and Dagiimaa Balaanz & Munkhchimeg Otgonchuluun Text Mining Applications in Discourse Analysis and Modern Trends (Big Data Methods on Political Speeches), thus here, aimed to identify and analyze authors opinion and attitude in political speech. Through the analysis, aimed to identify the author's attitude, has been reviewed the creation of discourse mental model is a direct representation of attitude from the author within mental space described by knowledge, presupposition from the situation, then understanding of the issues is people take information directed by the author’s attitude and belief, also tried to find out how interviewer uses discourse tools to approach and discover the guest’s attitude at all.

Metaphorization of Space in Biblical Psalms

This work examines conceptual metaphors of space in biblical Psalms and in relation to the psalmist’s personal emotive and theological message which the psalmodic text intends to convey. Language of space and motion is in so many ways crucial for human existential as well as a religious experience. The psalmist reveals and presents his complex existential as well as his theological challenges through a set of conceptual metaphors of space. Orientational metaphors form a specific mental space where the antipodes of up/down and left/right enable the psalmist to express himself in spiritual terms as well. For the biblical psalmist situations of his disorientation are fairly frequent, whether caused by feelings of his sins or social injustices. After all, he yearns for a moral and spiritual re-orientation. While the Euclidean space is homogeneous, in that space biblical psalmist experiences discontinuity for certain parts of this imaginary space is qualitatively different. Namely, the divisions of such non-Euclidean space rest qualitatively on the division between the sacred and the profane. For the psalmist, such division of space rests on some key terms, such as Temple, Heaven, and Underworld. This is followed by the orientational metaphors as up/down. God is up (heavens), man is down below (earth). In eschatological terms, it is the sovereign heavenly judge who will act upon the dividing between the good and the evil ones, between the left and the right, on the horizontal plane. Since that which is above is better than that which is below and underneath, so is the right side better than that which is on the left.

Metaforizacija prostora u biblijskim Psalmima

This work examines conceptual metaphors of space in biblical Psalms and in relation to the psalmist’s personal emotive and theological message which the psalmodic text intends to convey. Language of space and motion is in so many ways crucial for human existential as well as a religious experience. The psalmist reveals and presents his complex existential as well as his theological challenges through a set of conceptual metaphors of space. Orientational metaphors form a specific mental space where the antipodes of up/down and left/right enable the psalmist to express himself in spiritual terms as well. For the biblical psalmist situations of his disorientation are fairly frequent, whether caused by feelings of his sins or social injustices. After all, he yearns for a moral and spiritual re-orientation. While the Euclidean space is homogeneous, in that space biblical psalmist experiences discontinuity for certain parts of this imaginary space is qualitatively different. Namely, the divisions of such non-Euclidean space rest qualitatively on the division between the sacred and the profane. For the psalmist, such division of space rests on some key terms, such as Temple, Heaven, and Underworld. This is followed by the orientational metaphors as up/down. God is up (heavens), man is down below (earth). In eschatological terms, it is the sovereign heavenly judge who will act upon the dividing between the good and the evil ones, between the left and the right, on the horizontal plane. Since that which is above is better than that which is below and underneath, so is the right side better than that which is on the left.

Destroying the Imagined City

AbstractThe transformation of rubble into aestheticized ruins turns on the relation of aesthetics, politics, and power alongside questions of memory, imagination, and embodiment. Working outward from this suggestive confluence, I investigate contemporary practices of commemorative composition that resituate elements of the historical archive, and so turn sonic rubble into ruin. Using Mary Kouyoumdjian's 2014 composition Bombs of Beirut as an example, I consider how the composer uses witness testimony and archival recordings of wartime sounds from the Lebanese Civil War (1975–90) to first construct, and then destroy, a version of the city of Beirut. In so doing, she engages in what Marianne Hirsch would call a ‘postmemorial act’ that reconfigures the relationships between physical, mental, and social spaces. The resulting palimpsest of meanings not only offers an important contemplative space for approaching the past but also suggests intriguing futures for the musical art of the ruin.

The work of the first laboratories of experimental psychology in the key of the pedagogical community at the beginning of the 20th century.

The subject of the study is the origin of the first experimental laboratories and their interaction with the pedagogical community. The emphasis is placed on the prerequisites and controversial points of this cooperation, which will become the basis for pedological experiments in the 20s, and the legal functioning of the new, at that time, research space is also taken into account. The object of the study is pedology as a new scientific direction. The author examines in detail such aspects of the topic as socio-economic prerequisites, formation and scientific potential of pedological experiments. Particular attention is paid to specific representatives, their professional activities, and the assessment of a new direction in the pre-revolutionary space of the Russian Empire. The main conclusions of the study are: identification of the "artificiality" of the new trend, generalization of the experience gained, analysis of the assessment of the first successes of the laboratories, the significance of the work of the first pedological laboratory of A. P. Nechaev in St. Petersburg, comparison of the general course of development of the experimental science of pedology with European analogues. A special contribution of the author to the study of the topic is the reconstruction of the mental space of interaction between teachers and leading specialists in the field of pedological experiments, involving archival documents of the Central State Administration of St. Petersburg regarding the history of the first pedological studio in St. Petersburg. The study attempts to trace the scientific path of the dissemination of pedagogical ideas of the new paradigm. The novelty of the study is to identify real changes in the pedagogical community of the early 20th century.

SUBCONCEPT OF “WAR IN UKRAINE” IN LINGUISTIC CONSCIOUSNESS OF UKRAINIANS AND RUSSIANS VIA THE ASSOCIATIVE EXPERIMENT

Recent studies have shown that the concept of “War” has changed its content structure [1]. The most active changes were caused by Russian intervention in Crimea and eastern Ukraine in 2014, which modified the notional, figurative and value components of the concept. For instance, the notional component of the concept of “War” was supplemented by newly-formed “postmodern subconcepts” [2], such as the Syrian civil war, the Russo-Georgian War, the Russo-Ukrainian War, as well as the proxy war, the hybrid war, the battle of narratives, and the diffused war. Taking into account that “both mental and conceptual spaces are essences of the same level” [3], the study of the newly coined subconcepts can shed light on what people in Ukraine and Russia think about Russia’s War in Ukraine.

How Information Contributed After an Idea Shapes New High-Quality Ideas in Online Ideation Contests

Findings on how prior high-quality ideas affect the quality of subsequent ideas in online ideation contests have been mixed. Some studies find that high-quality ideas lead to subsequent high-quality ideas, while others find the opposite. Based on computationally intensive exploratory research, utilizing theory on blending of mental spaces, we suggest that the effects of prior ideas on the generation of subsequent ideas depend on the alignment of (1) crowd participants’ subjective quality assessments of prior ideas and (2) subsequent problemrelated contributions made by the crowd. When a prior idea is assessed as high-quality, this motivates the crowd to emulate that idea. When this motivation is aligned with subsequent contributions that expand the mental space of the prior idea, a new high-quality idea can be created. In contrast, when a prior idea is assessed as low-quality, it motivates the crowd to redirect away from that idea. When this motivation is aligned with subsequent contributions that shift the mental space of the prior idea, a new high-quality idea can be created. The mixed findings in the literature can then be explained by a failure to consider non-idea information contributions made by the crowd.

Autistic twisted loops

ABSTRACT The paper describes a deceptive kind of autistic encapsulation, charact-erised by pseudo-internal space and distortions in the normal development of psychophysical space. It introduces the metaphor of loops as spatial-temporal organisations that illuminate three aspects of autistic encapsulation, two of which were first described by Frances Tustin. Three types of loops – simple, twisted and double-twisted – are explored. The paper delineates the double-twisted loop as an additional and more complex manifestation, typical to post-autistic organisation. Here, symbolic thinking and communication function as a disguise, obscuring the child’s trajectory on an infinite continuum that folds around itself, thus denying the potential for separateness and preventing the accumulative realisation of mental space. Using two clinical vignettes, the author shows how such a presentation leaves the therapist in danger of being tempted by the child’s pseudo-internal world, while remaining dissociated from their developmental needs.

LEADERSHIP AND THE ATTRACTION OF BUSYNESS

AbstractThe authors explain why leaders are attracted to busyness, why it can be detrimental, and what can be done about it. The article is adapted from their new book Compassionate Leadership: How to Do Hard Things in a Human Way. They describe the research as “data collected from qualitative interviews with 350 executives (mainly Chief Executive Officers/CEOs and Chief Human Resource Officers/CHROs), and quantitative data from more than 5,000 companies in nearly 100 countries.” They note that busyness is seductive because it feels productive, yet is addictive. They believe that “busyness kills our compassion by cluttering our mind and closing ourselves to the wisdom and insight that comes when we have more mental space.” In overcoming this state, they provide insights, which in their words are: Busyness is a choice, manage time and priorities, put people first, and value busylessness. “If we focus on what we can and should do in this moment,” they write, “we can focus on the task at hand or the person we are with.”

An Asymmetric Effect: Physical and Simulated Confederate's Mere Presence Induce a Preference for Deontological Over Utilitarian Judgment.

People may behave differently in a shared physical context due to the mere presence of others. The study examined whether individual moral judgments were subject to the confederate's presence. Experiment 1 supported the hypothesis that the confederate's presence, relative to the control group, increased deontological judgment, disapproving of sacrificing a person's lifetime or interest for preserving the greater good of others. Experiment 2 investigated whether the results extend to mental space. The result revealed that simulating a positive interaction with the confederate significantly increased the preference for deontological judgments relative to the control group. However, the effect disappeared if the participants were required to simulate only the person from the scenario that did not include any additional background contexts. These results demonstrated that the confederate's physical presence and simulated confederate's presence always preferred deontological judgments over utilitarian judgments. The findings suggested that the asymmetric moral effect occurred in the physical realm and mental space.

Towards digitally mediated social work - the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on encountering clients in social work.

In the spring of 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic spread around the globe. The viral outbreak was followed by rapid changes in people’s everyday and working lives. Because of the wide-scale societal restrictions that took place to prevent the pandemic, social work was forced to take a digital leap. In this article, we examine Finnish social workers’ experiences of extending the use of digitally mediated social work (DMSW) in working with clients during the first wave of the pandemic, the spring of 2020. The data consist of 33 social workers’ personal diaries, which are analysed using a qualitative theory-based content analysis. Henri Lefebvre’s theory of spatial triad will be utilised in theorising how social workers represent DMSW through three dimensions of space, that is, how they perceive, conceive and live digital spaces when encountering their clients and how physical, mental and social spaces are embodied in the representations. The results suggest that the three dimensions of space 1) basis of, 2) conceived and 3) lived DMSW intertwine closely together. The results reveal how the physical space, including IT infrastructure, its functionality and applicability, along with the organisational contexts, form a bedrock for the social workers’ DMSW practice and had a decisive impact on their experiences. Second, the conceived space consists of workers’ cognitive and emotional elements, such as competencies, preconceptions and attitudes towards ICT. Finally, the third dimension of spatiality concludes with the social and relational aspects of the user experiences and encounters between clients and social workers.

Understanding the Effect of Bias on the Experience of Women Surgeons: A Qualitative Study.

Exploring the lived experiences of surgeons is necessary to understand the changing culture of surgery and the unique challenges of being a woman in surgery. Surgeons have significant experiences and observations best discovered through qualitative study. The purpose of this study is to identify the similarities and differences between the experiences of men and women surgeons after initiation of mandatory microaggression training. Qualitative semi-structured interviews with female and male surgeons and residents were done following a year-long series of training sessions on the detrimental effects of microaggression. Participants were selected using a convenience sampling method. MAXQDA coding software (Verbi) was used to evaluate interview transcripts with thematic analysis. Nineteen surgeons and surgical residents were interviewed. The participants were of equal gender identification, with the majority being attending surgeons. Multiple themes highlighted similarities and differences between male and female participants. Differences were noted in identification of a sensitive personality, family planning considerations, and experiences of bias. Similarities were related to the personality traits required to be successful in surgery, the sacrifice inherent to a surgical career, and the war rhetoric used to describe the comradery of residency. The challenges and rewards of surgery are similar for women and men, but women have additional stressors, including gender-based bias, microaggression, and family planning. These stressors take up energy, decreasing the mental space available for additional roles and affecting the work environment. Microaggression education can incite necessary discussions of bias and provide women with an opportunity to reflect on and share their experiences.

Who My Ideas Come from

The activities of both art making and literary writing afford lots of mental space for the uncontrolled intervention by “creativity,” that difficult-to-describe-let-alone-define quality of original work. In this piece I will discuss the experience of creativity as an ego-dystonic force. Meaning no disrespect to the Muse, I will present this occurrence as a dissociative phenomenon.

Heartland (2007–2021 and ongoing)

<i>Heartland</i> (2007–2021 and ongoing)

Adapting Psychiatric Case History Taking Practices for Indigenous Transgender Communities

While there is ample sociological or anthropological insight into the lives of Hijra persons in India, very little of it has been utilized in praxis for making mental health-care spaces Hijra-inclusive. Dominant discourses in Western psychiatry fail to tend to this community, predominantly because of its colonial gaze, inability to think beyond binaries, fancy to put “gender nonconformity” into diagnostic labels, and lack of intersectional focus and culture sensitivity. This is corroborated with remarkable service underutilization in this group as a parallel reality. Case history taking is an important part of any mental health intervention. In this article, the author shall attempt to delineate how psychiatric case history taking may be adapted to the needs of potential Hijra clients through ethnographic input from their lives. These provocations were initially shared by the author at the virtual Criposium Conference, 2020, organized jointly by King’s College London Disability+Intersectionality Reading Group and SOAS Crip Feminist Reading Group.

Get Up to Speed on Use of Technology in Psychiatric Care

Back to table of contents Previous article Next article Annual MeetingFull AccessGet Up to Speed on Use of Technology in Psychiatric CareJay Shore, M.D., M.P.H., John Torous, M.D., John Luo, M.D.Jay ShoreSearch for more papers by this author, M.D., M.P.H., John TorousSearch for more papers by this author, M.D., John LuoSearch for more papers by this author, M.D.Published Online:25 Mar 2022https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.pn.2022.04.4.45AbstractPsychiatrists need to become competent around the professional, clinical, legal, cultural, and safety considerations demanded by new modes of clinical care through technology.iStock/alvarezAs COVID-19 has and continues to drive so much care online and into digital formats, psychiatrists have had to quickly adapt to telehealth, smartphone apps, and other technologies. But now as it becomes possible to return to in-person care, psychiatrists have to decide what the future of the field will be and the next chapter of innovation in psychiatry.The Annual Meeting Technology Track is designed to offer psychiatrists a full overview of the digital mental health space to enable better use of digital tools today, the latest intelligence on what the future of digital psychiatry looks like, and the right information to make sure technology helps deliver the best care possible. We also want to explore how technology can be used to ensure care is more inclusive and addresses the social determinants of mental health, and we will have numerous hands-on examples and models of how to make that possible.To accomplish this, we have assembled four sessions featuring many APA leaders in technology and telehealth. Topics include the following:How to build a practice in the digital era and ways that technology can help you create sustainable models of care. This means also understanding the legal, financial, ethical, and clinical risks and knowing how to avoid common pitfalls.How to make electronic medical records, apps, and wearables fit into your already busy clinical workflow.How to achieve work-life balance and avoid burnout regarding technology use, and how to maximize the impact of technology for your own well-being.An evidence-based perspective on mental health apps, CBT programs, chatbots, VR/AR and more. The goal is not to promote any one technology but to provide you with the actual data to make an informed decision.How to ensure digital inclusion and make sure your approach does not leave out any patients.What tools you can use to evaluate any health technology, even if the evidence is still too new, and make sure you select the best tools for use with your patients.The fifth session in the track will cover apps and innovation in the support of psychiatric practice. The COVID-19 pandemic rapidly accelerated the adoption and implementation of many technologies in the practice of psychiatry. Overnight, in-person visits except for emergencies were prohibited, yet technologically ready and savvy organizations and psychiatrists were able to restore access with emergency adoption of videoconferencing technologies. Additionally, adjunctive services such as psychiatric applications on the smartphone were able to provide psychotherapy and medication management whether via secure messaging with a psychiatrist or artificial intelligence–driven chatbots to provide therapy. Social media and online professional networks helped psychiatrists connect their patients to available resources as well as facilitated wellness and decreased their risk for burnout. Speakers will review current best practices as well as future developments such as digital therapeutics and predictive analytics in future psychiatric practice. ■Saturday, May 218 a.m.-9:30 a.m.Digital Psychiatry, Part 1: Health Equity and Digital Divide in COVID Era10:30 a.m.-NoonDigital Psychiatry, Part 2: Work-Life Integration in Virtual World During Pandemic: Patient and Providers1:30 p.m.-3 p.m.Digital Psychiatry, Part 3: Integrating Patient Monitoring in Clinics4 p.m.-5:30 p.m.Digital Psychiatry, Part 4: ABCs: Apps, Bots, and Clinical Interventions Offered by TechnologyTuesday, May 248 a.m.-9:30 a.m.Apps and Innovations to Support the Practice of Psychiatry: Current and Future DevelopmentsJay Shore, M.D., M.P.H., is a professor and director of the Telemedicine Department of Psychiatry at the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus.John Torous, M.D., is program director and director of the Division of Digital Psychiatry at Beth Israel.John Luo, M.D., is the director of Consultation Liaison & Emergency Psychiatry and the psychiatry residency program director at the University of California, Irvine School of Medicine. ISSUES NewArchived

Pharmacists on mental health teams benefit youth

COVID-19 has intensified the “mental health pandemic,” said Julie Dopheide, PharmD, BCPP, FASHP. What’s worse is that access to mental health care continues to be a challenge for individuals. Dopheide and coauthors of a new paper published in Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America believe that clinical pharmacy is underutilized within the mental health space. In the paper, the authors share how clinical pharmacists and psychiatric pharmacists can improve care for children and adolescents with mental health diagnoses. “Youth are increasingly prescribed psychiatric medications, and they are vulnerable to drug interactions and adverse effects and need special monitoring and education on the benefits and potential risks of psychiatric medication,” said Dopheide, who is a professor of clinical pharmacy, psychiatry, and the behavioral sciences at the University of Southern California School of Pharmacy and Keck School of Medicine in Los Angeles. Dopheide said job opportunities for mental health pharmacists, particularly BCPPs, are increasing nationwide. BCPS and BCACP pharmacists also have a role in mental health, she noted. “Mental health settings are inherently multidisciplinary and psychiatric treatment teams are very open to clinical pharmacy,” said Dopheide. While some psychotropic medications are prescribed off-label to youth, many commonly prescribed medications have been studied in this age group with clear labeling on dosing and monitoring to ensure they can be given safely. “Pharmacists need to actively stay abreast of which psychiatric medications are the most well-studied in youth so these can be recommended over off-label, less well-studied mental health medications,” said Dopheide. A 2015 study from the Office of the Inspector General (OIG) on youth prescribing of antipsychotics in 5 states found that two-thirds of the 485 medical records reviewed demonstrated quality-of-care concerns, including poor monitoring (53%) and inappropriate treatment (41%). OIG and FDA even warn that children and adolescents need metabolic syndrome monitoring when prescribed antipsychotic medications. Research has found higher rates of sedation, weight gain, tachycardia, and agitation in youth given psychotropics compared with adults. Not only does evidence point to an increased risk for type 2 diabetes in youth taking antipsychotics, but emerging evidence suggests this is also the case with SSRIs given to youth. However, some county and state mental health departments are waking up to this and partnering with pharmacists to improve medication therapy monitoring. Several states—including Texas, Indiana, and California—have published pediatric psychotropic guidelines or practice parameters developed through collaborations between child psychiatrists and psychiatric pharmacists to elevate the quality of care for children and adolescents. Many states include child psychiatrists collaborating with pharmacists on Medicaid pharmacy and therapeutics committees and drug utilization review boards to improve medication safety. Clinical pharmacists are not regularly involved in mental health treatment teams even though they’ve been able to improve the quality of care for patients. “While medication management is an important component of the care plan, unfortunately, due to limited resources for mental health, the pharmacist is often not included in the mental health care team,” said Debbie Lu, PharmD, MPH, lead author of the paper and assistant professor at Touro University California College of Pharmacy. Psychiatry teams are more likely to hire therapists or case workers as their allied health staff. However, there are health systems, such as Kaiser Permanente, that have benefited from having dedicated mental health pharmacists on the team. The paper presents case studies in different settings to show how a collaboration with a psychiatrist and pharmacist can work in real life. “A psychiatric pharmacist can review medication administration records and screen for drug interactions to discuss with the child psychiatrist and child fellows,” said Dopheide. “The psychiatric pharmacist can participate in daily treatment planning to bring up pertinent drug therapy issues, such as the need for monitoring for metabolic syndrome or hyperprolactinemia with antipsychotics.” Another common way child psychiatrists and clinical pharmacists collaborate is through medication groups for patients and families. Also, interpretation of genetic tests and creation of pediatric guidelines for psychiatric medications is another “real-life” way these providers can collaborate. Payment for these services remains a challenge for pharmacists, but Dopheide said health system administration can justify paying for a psychiatric pharmacist through improved medication outcomes, like better adherence, follow-up, and prevention of adverse drug reactions or interactions. “In many health systems, billing for medication groups and medication reviews is a way to pay for integration of psychiatric pharmacists,” Dopheide said.

“World-beating” Pandemic Responses: Ironical, Sarcastic, and Satirical Use of War and Competition Metaphors in the Context of COVID-19 Pandemic

ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic tempted some governments to promise to wage “war” against it and implement “world-beating” control mechanisms. In view of their limited success, such claims soon came in for massive criticism, which turned their hyperbolic implicatures and figurative framing against them. Our paper focuses on such cases of “metaphor reversal” within the context of the British public debate. Drawing on examples from a corpus of media texts, we identify several types of the dissociation, including irony (i.e., putting the figurative claims’ implicatures in doubt implicitly), sarcasm (i.e., explicitly decrying their plausibility) and satire (i.e., exhibiting their presumed absurdity), with reference to theory models of irony (echo, pretense, mental space structuring). In conclusion, we argue that the seesaw of exchanges between exaggerated figurative claims of (imminent) success made by government politicians and their sarcastic-satirical debunking by media and opposition politicians has an ambivalent effect on public discourse. On the one hand, it highlights contrasts in policy and policy assessment and may also have entertainment value, but on the other hand, it conveys experiences of repeated, serial exposure of hyperbolic government rhetoric. This in turn may lead to an erosion of trust in official communication as being unrealistic, which may foster beliefs in conspiracy theories.

On the Spatial Narrative of “The Story of an Hour”

“The Story of an Hour”, a short story written by American novelist Kate Chopin in the late 19th century, tells the psychological journey of Mrs. Mallard, the protagonist in an hour. Among the so many perspectives to study this story, spatial narrative is an important one. Based on relevant theories of spatial narrative, this paper attempts to explore the narrative art of space from the aspects of narrative of topographical space, mental space and textual space, and social space so as to provide a new way to interpret the story.

Synesthesia in a congenitally blind individual

Synesthesia represents an atypical merging of percepts, in which a given sensory experience (e.g., words, letters, music) triggers sensations in a different perceptual domain (e.g., color). According to recent estimates, the vast majority of the reported cases of synesthesia involve a visual experience. Purely non-visual synesthesia is extremely rare and to date there is no reported case of a congenitally blind synesthete. Moreover, it has been suggested that congenital blindness impairs the emergence of synesthesia-related phenomena such as multisensory integration and cross-modal correspondences between non-visual senses (e.g., sound-touch). Is visual experience necessary to develop synesthesia? Here we describe the case of a congenital blind man (CB) reporting a complex synesthetic experience, involving numbers, letters, months and days of the week. Each item is associated with a precise position in mental space and with a precise tactile texture. In one experiment we empirically verified the presence of number-texture and letter-texture synesthesia in CB, compared to non-synesthete controls, probing the consistency of item-texture associations across time and demonstrating that synesthesia can develop without vision. Our data fill an important void in the current knowledge on synesthesia and shed light on the mechanisms behind sensory crosstalk in the human mind.