Mental Process Research Articles

Drivers of experiential loyalty intentions towards online travel agents: a comparative analysis on pre- and post-COVID travellers

PurposeCOVID-19 pandemic led to changes in the mental processes of tourists towards online travel agents. Therefore, the study aims to determine the factors affecting experiential loyalty intention of travellers during pre- and post-COVID times.Design/methodology/approachEmpirical data analysis using structural equation modelling was performed in the study.FindingsResults indicate that there is a change in the mental process of tourists. Travel companies need to understand that post-COVID, travel has transformed into a completely new world and it is essential to change behaviour accordingly. Traveller’s satisfaction would still be the key to driving loyalty of travellers towards a company.Research limitations/implicationsThe study implies that managers must put more effort into creating confidence among travellers because many people are still scared to travel due to the prevalence of the COVID-19 virus. Motivation to travel has declined significantly, which can only be regenerated if managers develop great strategies to drive demand from people.Originality/valueThis study will help in filling the gap that exists in extant literature of tourism by developing a robust model for analysing the factors enhancing experiential loyalty intention of travellers towards online travel agents in the pre- and post-COVID scenarios.

Theoretical approach to the notion of creativity: a systematic review

Introduction: The concept of creativity is a term that has been studied to find an exact definition of it. The study aims is to analyze the various existing definitions of creativity to find a diversity of meanings of the same term. Methodology: The methodology used is based on a systematic review of the literature based on the principles of the PRISMA statement and which refers to the search for research in the Dialnet Plus, Scielo and Scopus databases. Results: The results found show the diversity of existing definitions of creativity and how these can be classified depending on their meaning into person, process, product or environment; focusing therefore these studies on understanding creativity as a mental process that is used for the resolution of a conflict from something original and novel. Conclusions: In short, as a conclusion, it is necessary to point out how the construct of creativity can be understood in different ways depending on the perspective in which it is studied, which leads to the fact that there is no generalized term for creativity and that it is so ambiguous.

Trait repetitive negative thinking in depression is associated with functional connectivity in negative thinking state rather than resting state

Resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) has been proposed as a potential indicator of repetitive negative thinking (RNT) in depression. However, identifying the specific functional process associated with RSFC alterations is challenging, and it remains unclear whether alterations in RSFC for depressed individuals are directly related to the RNT process or to individual characteristics distinct from the negative thinking process per se. To investigate the relationship between RSFC alterations and the RNT process in individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD), we compared RSFC with functional connectivity during an induced negative-thinking state (NTFC) in terms of their predictability of RNT traits and associated whole-brain connectivity patterns using connectome-based predictive modeling (CPM) and connectome-wide association (CWA) analyses. Thirty-six MDD participants and twenty-six healthy control participants underwent both resting state and induced negative thinking state fMRI scans. Both RSFC and NTFC distinguished between healthy and depressed individuals with CPM. However, trait RNT in depressed individuals, as measured by the Ruminative Responses Scale-Brooding subscale, was only predictable from NTFC, not from RSFC. CWA analysis revealed that negative thinking in depression was associated with higher functional connectivity between the default mode and executive control regions, which was not observed in RSFC. These findings suggest that RNT in depression involves an active mental process encompassing multiple brain regions across functional networks, which is not represented in the resting state. Although RSFC indicates brain functional alterations in MDD, they may not directly reflect the negative thinking process.

Augenblickdiagnose in neurology: Revisiting 'diagnosis in the blink of an eye'.

The art of diagnosis in clinical neurology requires attentive listening and careful observation. In certain situations, a fragment of the history or a physical sign may be so distinctive that it allows clinicians to evoke a specific diagnosis. This quick mental process was previously referred to as 'Augenblickdiagnose' ('diagnosis in the blink of an eye') in a seminal paper by Dr. William Campbell in 1998. We aimed to revisit this concept by providing additional clinical vignettes. The authors wrote clinical vignettes using examples from their own clinical practice and performed a non-systematic review of influential neurology textbooks using the words 'pathognomonic' and 'highly suggestive'. Twenty examples from various fields of neurology are presented in a table, stratified by major fields of neurology. A short educational reflection is provided for each diagnosis considered. 'Augenblickdiagnose' is an engaging teaching resource that also contributes to 'neurophilia', that is, a fascination for neurology, perhaps increasingly in today's modern neurology practice. However, multiple cognitive biases underlying mental shortcuts may lead to an incorrect diagnosis. It is important to stress that good clinical practice in neurology requires taking a thorough history and performing a careful neurological examination.

Experiential Observations: An Ontology Pattern-Based Study on Capturing the Potential Content within Evidences of Experiences

Modelling the knowledge behind human experiences is a complex process: it should take into account, among others, the activities performed, human observations and the documentation of the evidence. To represent this knowledge in a declarative way means to support data interoperability in the context of cultural heritage artefacts, as linked datasets on experience documentation have started to appear. With this objective in mind, we describe a study based on an ontology design pattern for modelling experiences through observations, which are considered indirect evidence of a mental process (i.e., the experience). This pattern highlights the structural differences between types of experiential documentation, such as diaries and social media, providing a guideline for the comparability between different domains and for supporting the construction of heterogeneous datasets based on an epistemic compatibility. We have performed not only a formal evaluation over the pattern but also an assessment through a series of case studies. This approach includes (a) the analysis of interoperability among two case studies (reading through social media and historical sources); (b) the development of an ontology for collecting evidences of reading, which reuses the proposed pattern; and (c) the inspection of experience in humanities datasets.

Digital menus innovation diffusion and transformation process of consumer behavior

研究目的本研究目的在于调查在餐厅从纸质菜单到数字菜单的创新扩散过程中, 不同菜单类型如何影响餐厅客人的行为意向。研究设计/方法/途径通过设计并使用四种菜单类型, 分别为只有文本的纸质菜单、具有文本和图片的纸质菜单、显示文本和图片或文本和视频的数字菜单以及具有自助技术功能的数字菜单, 本研究以实证方法考察了感知信息质量、感知食品质量和感知服务质量如何影响餐厅客人的行为意向的心理过程。研究发现根据对502名餐厅客人的在线调查数据显示, 菜单设计影响了客人的感知。基于视频的数字菜单是影响餐厅客人行为意向最有效的菜单类型, 其次是文本和图片的纸质菜单。研究启示本研究表明应鼓励在餐厅数字菜单设计中同时使用听觉和视觉元素。因此, 为研究促进了创新扩散理论和刺激-有机体-反应理论的发展。研究价值我们证实了数字菜单在餐厅菜单设计中的转型。餐厅客人, 尤其是在在后疫情时代, 已经准备好并愿意接受使用数字菜单。

Neuroscience and Translation

In the past decades, researchers have established various theories and approaches to explore the nature of translation, this “most complex type of event yet produced in the evolution of the cosmos” (Richard, 1953:250). Especially since the inception of Translation Studies as an academic discipline in the 1970s, translation scholars have drawn extensively on tools, concepts, and theories from other disciplines, such as sociology, anthropology, psychology, and biology in their efforts to explore the many facets of translation and interpreting. Now, neuroscience came to the fore. As the study of the nervous system, the task of neuroscience is to understand brain processes— how we perceive, act, learn, and remember – and explain behavior in terms of brain activities (Kandel et al., 2012, pp. 3-5). For decades, neuroscientists have explored human language and have produced remarkable studies on language development and learning. Yet the findings on how the brain handles language processing are still primarily based on monolinguals. The mental process of multilingual people and many other aspects of the transfer between different languages remain largely unsettled. This inspired Maria Tymoczko to explore the neurological mechanisms involved in translating, a field that she dubs as one of the “known unknowns” in translation studies (Tymoczko, 2012) and believes will fundamentally influence the way translation is thought about and ultimately illuminate many aspects of translation, including the “black box” of the individual translator.

Grammatical Metaphor in Political Discourse in the Central Kurdish Language

The goal of this work is to examine political discourse in the Central Kurdish language via the prism of Halliday's grammatical metaphor. Political discourse is a common form of public discourse. In the SFG, Halliday identified the ideational and interpersonal grammatical metaphor. This study pertains to the study of Systemic Functional Grammar in that it studies the linguistic metaphors in the political speeches of Mala Bakhtyar and Abul Latif. The two figures are representing two opposing ideologies and they promote different types of religious and political ideologies. The authors utilized a mixed-methods strategy using Halliday's grammatical metaphor to assemble the findings. In the paper, the following research objectives are addressed: The most frequent form of nominalized processes and mood grammatical metaphor in the political public speeches in CK, in the political discourse in Central Kurdish are focused. Second, the expression of reality through ideational grammatical metaphor is investigated. And lastly, the convey of interpersonal meaning in interpersonal grammatical metaphor in the speeches by the political figures is examined. Overall, 133 distinct nominalized processes were identified during the speeches. Four of the six distinct nominalized types of processes were used. The total number of nominalized material process selections is 65, (48.8%) of the total, with verbal process types accounting for 58 events, (43.6%) of the total, and mental process types accounting for only 9 selections, (6.7%). Only one behavioral type was used, accounting for 0.75%. There are no other nominalized process types. And 53 instances of mood grammatical metaphor were drawn. In addition, the authors discovered that both political figures strive to represent their political beliefs using nominalized process types, and the interpersonal mood grammatical metaphor conveys interpersonal meaning.

Towards Youth Mental Health System Reform: An Evaluation of Participatory Systems Modelling in the Australian Capital Territory

Australia’s mental health system is failing young people. Calls for accountability, strategic long-term policy planning, and regional leadership have been identified as solutions to guide mental health reform. Developing system dynamics models using a participatory approach (participatory systems modelling (PSM)) is recognized as a useful method that can support decision-making for strategic reform. This paper reports evaluation findings of a youth mental health PSM process conducted in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT). Baseline and follow-up mixed-methods evaluation data were collected in 2022 across diverse stakeholder groups to investigate the feasibility, value, impact, and sustainability of PSM. Although youth mental health system reform was viewed as desirable and a necessity across all stakeholder groups, shared perceptions of disabling powerless was observed regarding their ability to influence current decision-making processes to improve the youth mental health system. This suggests greater accountability is required to support systemic reform in youth mental health. PSM offers promise in improving transparency and accountability of decision-making for youth mental health, as exemplified in the ACT. However, more support and time are required to facilitate transformational change. Future research should investigate empowerment strategies to complement the implementation of findings from dynamic models developed through PSM, as well as the effectiveness of regional youth mental health policy decision-making supported by systems modelling.

Reading passages and conversation text in EFL textbook for junior high school: Analysis on the process of transitivity system

This research aims to identify the process types of the transitivity system from the reading passages and conversational texts of the EFL textbook entitled Modul Pengayaan for seventh-grade junior high school students, which is composed based on the implementation of Kurikulum 2013. The present study employed a descriptive qualitative research design. The data of this study are obtained from reading texts and conversational texts (text dialogues). The collected data of the transitivity process presented in sentences and clauses were analyzed using Halliday's transitivity system. The results show that all the process types of transitivity system with 35 processes were found in the reading passages and conversational texts of the textbook, namely: material process with 5 data (14.28%), mental process with 12 data (34.28%), verbal process with 3 data (8.57%), relational process with 13 data (37.14%), behavioral process with 1 data (2.85%), and existential process also with 1 data (2.85%). All the types of transitivity processes have been presented adequately based on Halliday's theory, although the two types of transitivity process (behavioral and existential process) almost have come from ignorance. Therefore, this study suggests that the textbook designer and material developer produce diverse clauses and sentences by using the six process types of transitivity in English written texts, especially in the reading passages and conversational texts.

StripMaker: Perception-driven Learned Vector Sketch Consolidation

Artist sketches often use multiple overdrawn strokes to depict a single intended curve. Humans effortlessly mentally consolidate such sketches by detecting groups of overdrawn strokes and replacing them with the corresponding intended curves. While this mental process is near instantaneous, manually annotating or retracing sketches to communicate this intended mental image is highly time consuming; yet most sketch applications are not designed to handle overdrawing and can only operate on overdrawing-free, consolidated sketches. We propose StripMaker , a new and robust learning based method for automatic consolidation of raw vector sketches. We avoid the need for an unsustainably large manually annotated learning corpus by leveraging observations about artist workflow and perceptual cues viewers employ when mentally consolidating sketches. We train two perception-aware classifiers that assess the likelihood that a pair of stroke groups jointly depicts the same intended curve: our first classifier is purely local and only accounts for the properties of the evaluated strokes; our second classifier incorporates global context and is designed to operate on approximately consolidated sketches. We embed these classifiers within a consolidation framework that leverages artist workflow: we first process strokes in the order they were drawn and use our local classifier to arrive at an approximate consolidation output, then use the contextual classifier to refine this output and finalize the consolidated result. We validate StripMaker by comparing its results to manual consolidation outputs and algorithmic alternatives. StripMaker achieves comparable performance to manual consolidation. In a comparative study participants preferred our results by a 53% margin over those of the closest algorithmic alternative (67% versus 14%, other/neither 19%).

Transitivity Processes in the Discourse of Automobile Advertisements

Transitivity relates to clause as representation. It concerns the processes, participants, and circumstances. Processes are the principal ingredient of the clauses and they are represented by verbs. The chief focus of this study is placed on quantitatively and qualitatively describing the transitivity processes found in 492 randomly selected automobile advertisements from various sources. The manner car advertisement designers illustrate the various transitivity processes are exhibited especially in communicating the themes of their advertising goals. Results of textual analysis confirm that the six types of transitivity processes are embedded in the auto ads. The domination of relational process can be construed from the strategic goal of advertisers of enticing the people’s interest to yield a positive response from them. The high frequency of material process is apparently due to the aims of car advertisers at causing the public to do an action, that is, to purchase the advertised product (i.e., car). Mental process recorded a promising third highest frequency, whereas, the three least prioritized transitivity types are existential, verbal, and behavioral processes. Therefore, the use of transitivity or verb processes in automobile advertisements allows its creative writers to converse their beliefs, purposes, principles, and authorities as specified by their strong assertions or claims in the ads.

Mother-infant interaction context matters for verbal and non-verbal parental mentalization: an initial portrait of associations between parental embodied mentalizing, mind-mindedness, and maternal characteristics in a structured and unstructured context.

Interest in studying the parental embodied mentalizing (PEM), which refers to implicit and non-verbal processes of parental mentalization, is relatively recent. Therefore, little is known about how PEM, in complementarity with the verbal parental mentalization, is associated with maternal characteristics regarding mother-infant interaction contexts. This exploratory study aimed to investigate the associations between the non-verbal and verbal dimensions of parental mentalization- PEM and mind-mindedness, respectively, - in relation to a wide spectrum of parental characteristics in different interactive mother-infant contexts (toys and no toys). Among a sample of 107 mother-infant dyads at moderate psychosocial risk, mothers' sociodemographic information (age, education, and income), psychological characteristics (depression and anxiety), cognitions (self-efficacy and perceived maternal impact), and attitudes (overprotection and parental warmth) were assessed via self-report questionnaires when the infant was 4 and 8 months old. The PEM and mind-mindedness were evaluated through observation made during a videorecorded sequence of mother-infant interaction in a context of free play with and without toys at 8 months of age. The results showed distinct associations between PEM and mind-mindedness regarding maternal characteristics: PEM was associated with the mother's age, education, anxiety and maternal warmth, whereas mind-mindedness was related to cognitions. Both were linked to family income. Regarding mother-infant interaction contexts (toys vs. no toys), the results indicate that the capacity to verbally and non-verbally mentalize differs. These findings shed light on distinctive associations between non-verbal and verbal parental mentalization in relation to certain maternal characteristics, and highlight that the mother-infant interaction context may play an important role in the expression of maternal mentalizing capacity.

FROM EVENTS TO ASSEMBLAGES:

This paper recalls the shift, starting in the 1980s, from seeing literacy as a mental process to understanding it as constitutive of the social world, researchable through an ethnographic approach, focussed on situated texts, practices and events. How we had to re-think the study of literacy since then? Two changes have challenged literacy researchers: firstly the proliferation of on-line and social media and the consequent re-organization of work and daily life; secondly the increase in global mobility, now countered around the world by a securitization of borders, particularly against the poor, as a consequence of paranoid nationalism. Transborder literacy mediation and advocacy shows how literacy activity functions as an assemblage across time/space, involving mediation.

Transformational escapes: Accessing consumer transformation through extraordinary experiences

AbstractPrevious research implies that the transformational potential of extraordinary experiences arises from the engagement with the experiential context, although we still do not know how this process happens and to what extent it changes consumers. In this article, we explore the processes by which consumers transform themselves through extraordinary experiences and the characteristics of such a transformation. Based on a three‐year ethnography in the context of marathon running, we identified the three processes that engender consumer transformation: the physical transformation process, the mental transformation process, and the discursive transformation process. These processes are sheltered by the transformational escape, defined as the consumption setting that integrates structural and antistructural features through the engagement of consumers' routine with the extraordinary experience, enabling consumer transformation. We extend current theorizations by revealing the dynamics that elongate extraordinary experience duration, enable the dynamic between routine and extraordinary experience, and enlarge the reach of consumer transformation.

Home representations of at-risk children in an emergency shelter

ABSTRACT Background Research is limited about the home representations of at-risk preschool children staying in emergency shelter care. Aims To examine representations of home in the house drawings and play narratives of eight at-risk children aged 5–6.5 years, in emergency shelter care. The one-on-one sessions held with the children has a uniform structure of a drawing task followed by play, forming an intermodal transfer. Methods The qualitative data analysis of the drawing processes, the drawings and observation of the dramatic play is based on phenomenological and thematical approaches. Results Three main themes were found: the house as a threatening space; expressions of difficulties in creating and maintaining the potential space; the added value of using drawing and play in the context of difficulties in creating or maintaining the potential space. Implications for practice and future research The study’s findings illustrate the potential advantage of intermodal transfer – this apparently allowed them to move between languages of expression, and offered them different opportunities for emotional regulation. In addition, the different layers of information that were expressed can help art therapists to support the child’s mentalization process. Future research is encouraged to further examine home representations of at-risk children with larger sample using intermodal transfer. Conclusions The study’s findings demonstrate the paradox that is bound within the invitation to draw/play about painful contents in art therapy, and the possible advantage in using intermodal transfer to mend the potential space’s interruptions and to enable further expression and working through. Plain-language summary The present study sought to examine home representations of eight maltreated children (age 5–7 years) staying in an emergency shelter in Israel, following domestic violence, abuse, and neglect. During individual meetings with the first author, the children were invited to draw a house using coloured pencils, and then to play the events happening in the drawn house, using a set of tiny animal figures, and a magic wand. Qualitative analyses of the data identified three main themes: the first was the house as a threatening space that exposes the figures to negative events such as rejection, injury and death; the second theme identified the children’s play/creative-space as interrupted and fragmentary; for example, there were pauses in the drawing process and/or play due to repetitive behaviours such as sharpening pencils; the third theme was the potential advantage of movement between drawing and play mediums that enables these children to express themselves despite interruptions in the play/creative space. Thus, we suggest that the invitation to engage in two expressive mediums during art therapy sessions may enable the child to move back and forth between them, while creating additional opportunities for expressing the unbearable on one hand and keeping a safe distance from these contents on the other. We recommend future research based on a session that provides access to different creative mediums, thus enabling further exploration of at-risk children’s expressiveness; a better understanding of the experiences of these children; and a better grasp of their needs in therapeutic contexts.

Augmented reality marketing to enhance museum visit intentions

研究目的本研究旨在探索增强现实（AR）对博物馆参观的影响。设计/方法基于AR营销的动机模型和启发模型, 本研究揭示了能够增加博物馆参观动机的关键心理过程和AR技术。本研究采用混合方法分析定性研究并测试模型假设, 以了解对增加AR营销的博物馆参观的感知。研究结果我们发现, 启发和感知质量的AR技术对提升参观博物馆的态度至关重要。因此, AR开发者可以将注意力集中在实用和享乐的益处上, 通过提升感知质量来激发用户参观博物馆的意愿。创新性/价值本研究通过混合方法扩展了启发模型, 研究了如何通过AR技术在心理上鼓励和利用游客体验来增加参观博物馆的意愿。

A Multimodal Discourse Analysis of Wonda Coffee TV Commercial

This research involves a Multimodal Discourse Analysis of a commercial video from a famous coffee brand from Malaysia in 2022. This research uses qualitative method and revolves around Halliday’s ideational meta-function and Kress & Van Leeuwen’s representational meaning theory in order to analyze the object of this research. This research is limited only to analyzing the linguistic and visual aspect of the selected commercial to interpret their meanings with multimodal study. The ideational analysis of the selected commercial entitled “Wonderful Colors of Wonda” found that mental process was mostly employed in the video’s utterance. According to ideational meta-function analysis, the commercial video intends to deliver a message about how people unfairly perceive others who are different from them and a possibility of a better society in the future where people would not discriminate others. Within the representational analysis, through conceptual and narrative meaning analysis, the researcher found that the commercial video contains not only a selling-point of a product, but also an implied meaning about social diversity that often happens within our society and who are involved in it. This research is a significant contribution in multimodal discourse analysis on advertisement, as it can prove how important linguistic aspects are when it comes to delivering message through something with multimodality such as commercial video.

Berpikir Dalam Perspektif Psikologi dan Islam

This article includes a discussion of the ability to think in the perspective of Psychology and Islam, written to fulfill the study of discussing the ability to think broadly through aspects of the psychological and Islamic perspective, articles made using descriptive qualitative methods with literature study techniques through library sources and previous articles as material for discussion and data acquisition, and from the results of studies on thinking in the perspective of psychology and Islam. Thinking is defined as the process of reason and thought which is the most noble gift given by Allah SWT to humans and thinking is also known as a mental process. In general, thinking can be distinguished between natural thought and scientific thought. Natural thinking is a theoretical model based on everyday life under the influence of nature and its environment.

COMMUNICATIVE-PRAGMATIC FUNCTION OF SPEECH IN BUSINESS COMMUNICATION

This research paper considers the communicative-pragmatic function of speech inherent in business communication, which is considered part of the category of speech act, communicative situation, logos, ethos, and pathos. Psychological, communicative, and cognitive aspects of speech in business communication are analyzed as well. On the basis of social relations, a person is involved in all spiritual experiences and acquires his mind, behavior, emotions, mental process and knowledge, and communication culture. Therefore, it is very necessary to study speech as a biosocial phenomenon, which serves as a regulation mechanism between the individuality and socialization of a person. The objective of the research work is to reveal the communicative-pragmatic features of speech in business communication in the socio-functional aspect. Speech shows individuality as a biological phenomenon that is unique to a person, behind it is intuition, perception, feeling, thinking, reasoning, etc. There are cognitive and psychological components. These components allow people to recognize themselves and their environment. A person engages in speaking in order to inform others about what he knows and wants to know. The purpose of speech is to convey how one understands the environment, the world, what he knows, and how he can store, use, and change information. From this purpose, it is possible to see the process of speech "transition from individuality to socialization", that is, the socialization of speech. Socialization of speech takes place in the course of people's discussion, conversation, exchange of ideas, and communication in the public environment. From this comes the social function of speech. Social service determines the importance of influencing others, thinking, communicating with others, and the realization of the idea of community and joint action among people.