Mental Pressures Research Articles

Are we preparing healthy & responsible adolescents? Exploratory qualitative study to understand the health and social issues of adolescent living in Karachi, Pakistan.

This study aimed to understand the lives of adolescents living in squatter settlements of Karachi, Pakistan regarding their assigned roles and responsibilities, health and social issues, their decision-making process, and mechanism and channels of information. An exploratory descriptive qualitative study design was employed. Purposive sampling techniques were used to carry out Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) with adolescents (n = 10, Participants = 190), adolescents' parents (n = 10, Participants = 180), and In-Depth Interviews of with key adolescent stakeholders (n = 20). Adolescent stakeholder mapping was conducted for enrolling participants. The data were analysed thematically using deductive and inductive approaches. Based on gender norms parents assign specific roles and responsibilities to adolescent girls and boys. Due to societal norms, communication gap exists between adolescents and their parents. The most popular information channels are social media platforms and friends. Adolescents reported being subjected to a variety of physical, sexual, mental, social, and environmental pressures. Lack of guidance from parents, inadequate knowledge and skills to deal with physical, sexual, mental, social and environmental hazards, and misuse of social media lead to risky decisions, injuries, and social instability. This study underlines the urgent need for targeted interventions for addressing gender issues and improving adolescents' decision-making and life skills. We recommend Behavior Change Communication interventions to dismantle gender stereotypes and support a balanced domestic environment for children's education and well-being, awareness raising among parents, teachers, and healthcare providers about adolescent risks emphasizing their role in youth guidance, and advocacy for youth-led forums to co-create educational content engaging parents, educators, and health professionals focusing on life skills. These strategies would turn demographic transitions into productive dividends.

Strategi Manajemen Keuangan Untuk Pelajar di Era Gen Z Bagi Siswa Smk Islam Darurrohman

Generation Z refers to the demographic group consisting of individuals born between the mid-1990s to the mid-2010s. This generation is also known as "Gen Z" or "iGen," and they are a group that is growing rapidly in an era of technology and information that continues to develop rapidly. As the first generation to grow up with the internet, social media and mobile technology, Generation Z is considered the most digitally connected group. They are growing up in an era where access to information is easier than ever. Generation Z is also often considered an intelligent, adaptive and collaborative group. They have become a significant marketing target due to their outsized influence on consumer trends and preferences. In addition, Generation Z is faced with various challenges, including preparing themselves for a dynamic job market, facing social and mental pressures, and being responsible for the impact of technology on daily life. Darurrohman Islamic Vocational School is an educational institution that has long been committed to providing high quality education with an Islamic approach to its students. With a strong vision and mission, this school not only focuses on academic aspects, but also pays special attention to the development of students' character and practical skills. The number of participants who took part in this seminar was 69 people. One of the aspects that is really paid attention to at Darurrohman Islamic Vocational School is awareness of financial management in the Gen Z era which is carried out for Darurrohman Islamic Vocational School students as a collaboration between lecturers and students of STIE Ekadharma Indonesia.

The LGBTQ+ Employee Mental Load Dilemma: Captive Identity and Adaptive Responses

Conceptualizations of mental load argue that marginalized employees may experience heightened mental load demands in the workplace (Sanders, 1979). Using the theories of facework, frontstage, and backstage performance (Goffman, 1978), we examine how workplace interactions may constrain or enable the performance of an LGBTQ+ identity in the workplace. We interviewed 35 U.S.-based LGBTQ+ employees to understand how mental load pressures shape identity presentation choices. Data were thematically analyzed using an iterative process based on principles of grounded theory. Two themes emerged: the Captive, or negative face threats, that LGBTQ+ employees described (including subthemes of professionalism and feelings of inescapability) and Adaptive strategies promoting negative face (including subthemes of making choices where possible, identity artifacts selections, and use of strategic ambiguity). Both captive and adaptive aspects of facework are considered for potential impact on increasing employee mental load.

Investigation of Correlation between Communication Skills and Self-Reported Elder Mistreatment in Family Abuse

Abstract Introduction In today's world, old age has become an important global phenomenon following the increase in life expectancy and the decrease in birth rates. Communication skills are an important requirement in old age. Changing role of the family and existing tensions, mental pressures, and modern life undermine the social position of the elderly and lead to abuse of the elderly by family members. The goal of the present study is to determine the relationship between communication skills and family self-reported domestic abuse among older adult in Iran. Materials and Methods For this cross-sectional-analytical study, 153 elderly adult people admitted in hospitals of the Guilan province were randomly selected. The research instruments were the following questionnaires: demographic characteristics, abbreviated mental test (AMT), the Persian version of Domestic Elder Abuse Questionnaire, family mistreatment of the elderly (Heravy), and Queendom Communication Skill Test–Revise (QCSTR). The data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 22) using descriptive (frequency distribution tables, mean, and standard deviation [SD]) and analytical statistics (Mann–Whitney, Kruskal–Wallis, and Spearman's correlation tests) considering the significance level of 0.05. Results A majority of the elderly were men (51%), were in the age group of 60 to 69 years (72.5%) and married (75.5%), did not hold high school diploma (88.8%), had four to five children (41.2%) with low income (75.9%), and suffered from chronic diseases (68.6%). The mean score of communication skills was 129.09 ± 12.60. The mean score of domestic elder abuse was 2.89 ± 3.97. Communication skills have a significant relationship with age and marital status, but not with sex, education level, income, and chronic disease. There is an inverse correlation between communication skills and domestic elder_abuse (p < 0.001, r = −0.468). Conclusion Communication skills are one of the influential factors of domestic violence. Therefore, to prevent or reduce the amount of violence, it is recommended that family members increase the communication skills of the elderly.

A user study on regulating upset emotion in workplace through HELMO

The rising prevalence of emotional distress resulting from mental health pressures constitutes a paramount issue within the context of a rapidly evolving work environment. The detrimental consequences experienced by those affected by this phenomenon are of considerable magnitude. In order to address these issues, it is possible to design relevant applications that can assist individuals in identifying workplace disputes and devising effective strategies to alleviate emotional strain. Previous research has predominantly focused on investigating the potential of robots to exert a positive influence on conflict dynamics within a team-based problem-solving context through their ability to address interpersonal violations post-conflict. Consequently, there is a limited understanding regarding the specific criteria via which robots may contribute to conflict resolution. This study encompasses user research, analysis of essential elements, and the proposal of a high-fidelity prototype named HELMO. This prototype provides a range of daily functions that can assist individuals in recognizing conflicts and mitigating the danger of experiencing negative emotions. The findings indicate that individuals have a high demand for detecting conflicts and releasing emotional pressure in many subject matters. The mental health application known as HELMO shows promise in addressing the difficulties associated with emotional discomfort that may arise during or following workplace confrontations.

Quality-of-life index and its related factors during COVID-19 pandemic: A community-based study in Rashtian women/Iran.

The changes in everyday life, caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, were rapid and unprecedented. This pandemic affected not only physical health but also well-being and life satisfaction. This study was designed to assess the status of a quality-of-life index and some related factors during the coronavirus pandemic in the public population of Rashtian women. This cross-sectional study was performed on 784 Rashtian women who were selected by cluster random sampling between 2020 and 2021. The data collection tool was the Ferrans and Powers Quality of Life questionnaire, which has two parts: satisfaction and importance of life. Each section consists of four subscales: health and performance, social and economic, psychological/spiritual, and family. Data analysis was done using descriptive and analytic statistics. The mean score of the quality-of-life index in this study was 21.39 (of 30), which is higher than the mean level. The scores obtained from the satisfaction section were inferior to the similar questions in the important section. The findings showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the quality-of-life scores of women living in different urban areas (P > 0.05). The feeling of satisfaction increases the ability to cope with problems and mental pressures and improves the level of mental and physical health of couples and ultimately of all members of society. So although the overall quality of life was above average, appropriate interventions should be designed to maintain and improve their satisfaction.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN JOB SATISFACTION AND JOB STRESS AMONG HIGH SCHOOL TEACHERS IN PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTORS

The fundamental reason behind directing the review is to examine the “Relationship between job satisfaction and job stress among High School teachers in Public and Private sectors”. The population of the study contained all the Public and Private High Schools of District Malakand. All the male teachers of Public and Private High Schools in district Malakand were target for the population of the study. Sample of 50 teachers from Public and 50 teachers from Private were selected randomly from the target population of Public and Private High Schools of District Malakand. The tools used were Teachers Job Satisfaction scaled questionnaire consisting 15 items and Teacher Stress Inventory questionnaire consisting 15 items. Data was analyzed through SPSS. Frequencies, percentages, and Means were used as descriptive statistics for organizing and summarizing data while “Correlation (Spearman's rho)” was used as inferential statistics to analyze data and get the results. From the findings of this research, it’s clear that the majority of the teachers of Government High Schools in district Malakand were satisfied in teaching job, while the majority of the teachers of Private High Schools in district Malakand were not satisfied in teaching job. According to current study less the stress more the satisfaction in the prescribed jobs and vice versa. Furthermore, this study indicates that the ability of teachers to deal with workplace stress can be minimize by better handling physical and mental pressures at work and this can lead to an improvement in the level of optimistic moral ethics, job satisfaction, social and attitudinal results such as commitment and teachers’ efficiency. The uplifting outlook of the head, understudies and partner helps a great deal in further developing the work fulfillment of teacher. The chief really must stay away from tyrannical way of behaving; he ought to be a decent manager, who finishes the work proficiently without harming the pride of the teachers. He ought to take on a directing way to deal with the issues of the teachers and never point at their flaws in public.

Predictors of mental health problems during the COVID-19 outbreak in Egypt in 2021.

With the widespread outbreak of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, many countries, including Egypt, have tried to restrict the virus by applying social distancing and precautionary measures. Understanding the impact of COVID-19-induced risks and social distancing measures on individuals' mental health will help mitigate the negative effects of crises by developing appropriate mental health services. This study aimed to investigate the most contributing factors that affected individuals' mental health and how individuals' mental health has changed over the lockdown period in Egypt in 2021. The study draws on a nationally representative sample from the combined COVID-19 MENA Monitor Household Survey conducted by the Economic Research Forum. The data were collected in Egypt by phone over two waves in February 2021 and June 2021. The total number of respondents is 4,007 individuals. The target population is mobile phone owners aged 18-64 years. The 5-item World Health Organization Well-Being Index (WHO-5) is used to assess the individuals' mental health over the past 2 weeks during the pandemic. Penalized models (ridge and LASSO regressions) are used to identify the key drivers of mental health status during the COVID-19 pandemic. The mean value of mental health (MH) scores is 10.06 (95% CI: 9.90-10.23). The average MH score for men was significantly higher than for women by 0.87. Rural residents also had significantly higher MH scores than their urban counterparts (10.25 vs. 9.85). Middle-aged adults, the unemployed, and respondents in low-income households experienced the lowest MH scores (9.83, 9.29, and 9.23, respectively). Individuals' mental health has deteriorated due to the negative impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. Regression analysis demonstrated that experiencing food insecurity and a decrease in household income were independent influencing factors for individuals' mental health (p < 0.001). Furthermore, anxiety about economic status and worrying about contracting the virus had greater negative impacts on mental health scores (p < 0.001). In addition, women, middle-aged adults, urban residents, and those belonging to low-income households were at increased risk of poor mental health (p < 0.05). The findings reveal the importance of providing mental health services to support these vulnerable groups during crises and activating social protection policies to protect their food security, incomes, and livelihoods. A gendered policy response to the pandemic is also required to address the mental pressures incurred by women.

Psychiatric Treatment of Medical Colleagues and Their Families: Potential Risks.

Clinicians treating "very important persons" face potential problems that can negatively impact the quality of care they provide. Mental health professionals face similar pressures, particularly when asked to treat a particular kind of patient who is a very important person: medical colleagues or their family members. The authors present 3 cases that exemplify possible risks associated with the psychiatric treatment of these individuals, including negative effects on the physician-patient relationship, lapses in patient confidentiality, and violations of medical ethics. Preventive and mitigative steps to avoid these pitfalls are discussed. Awareness of these issues when treating fellow physicians or their family members is an important consideration for any mental health clinician.

The Ability of Early Detection of Mental Health in Adolescents with the Provision of Health Education Using Audio Visual Methods at SMK Pawyatan Daha 1 Kediri

Background: Adolescent mental health is important in determining the quality of the nation. Early detection of mental health in adolescents is very necessary to provide knowledge and understanding and attention, to avoid and overcome the occurrence of disorders in the subsequent adolescent growth and development. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the ability of early detection of mental health in adolescents with the provision of health education using audio visual. Methods: The design of this study is pre-experimental quantitative research with a one-group pre-post test design approach with the focus of the research directed at analyzing the effect of providing health education using audio-visual methods on the ability to early detection of mental health in adolescents at SMK Pawyatan Daha 1 Kediri. The total population was 394 respondents and a sample of 199 respondents were taken using the Stratifiet Random Sampling technique. Results: The findings found that before being given treatment, most respondents were less able to carry out early detection of mental health as many as 171 respondents (85.93%). After being given treatment, most respondents were able to carry out early detection of mental health as many as 158 respondents (79.40%). Based on the results of Wilcoxon's analysis, it was shown that the p-value of 0.000 &lt; 0.05, then H0 was rejected and H1 was accepted so it was concluded that there was an influence of providing health education using audio-visual methods on the ability to early detection of mental health in adolescents at SMK Pawyatan Daha 1 Kediri. Conclusion: It is hoped that adolescents, especially students at SMK Pawyatan Daha 1 Kediri, can carry out early detection of mental health both to themselves and to others, which can reduce the risk of increased mental disorders or pressures experienced by adolescents.

Countermeasures for Maintaining Cardiovascular Health in Space Missions.

During space exploration, the human body is subjected to altered atmospheric environments and gravity, exposure to radiation, sleep disturbance, and mental pressures; all these factors are responsible for cardiovascular diseases. Under microgravity, the physiological changes related to cardiovascular diseases are the cephalic fluid shift, dramatic reduction in central venous pressure, changes in blood rheology and endothelial function, cerebrovascular abnormalities, headaches, optic disc edema, intracranial hypertension, congestion of the jugular vein, facial swelling, and loss of taste. Generally, five countermeasures are used to maintain cardiovascular health (during and after space missions), including shielding, nutritional, medicinal, exercise, and artificial gravity. This article concludes with how to reduce space missions' impact on cardiovascular health with the help of various countermeasures.

Exploring the Lived Experiences of Older Adults in Iran During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Phenomenological Study

Objectives Since older people make up a great percent of the population is Iran, and they experienced higher mental, physical, and emotional pressures due to quarantine and lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic, the present study aims to investigate the lived experiences of older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran. Methods &amp; Materials This qualitative phenomenological study was conducted in Fars, Kermanshah, and Tehran provinces of Iran from October 1, 2021 to January 30, 2022. The data were collected through interviewing 16 older adults. Data analysis was done by Smith’s interpretative phenomenology analysis. Results Of 16 older adults, 9 were male and 7 were female, with a mean age of 73 years. Their lived experiences were classified into three main categories: Psychological tensions, resilience (healing) measures, and economic tensions. Conclusion Iranian older people experienced various types of tensions during the COVID-19 pandemic. Social distancing and quarantine increased the concerns about their mental health. Therefore, it is very important to identify and analyze the psychological concepts and protective factors along with preparing practical guidelines to protect their mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Exoskeleton For Specially Abled

This is a paper about a wearable exoskeleton that addresses the lack of assistive devices for people with walking difficulties. The research revolves around the major problem in which the inpatient suffer for their dependency on a caretaker for basic tasks such as toiletries and fetching water or food or even for basic cores for themselves. People with disabilities suffer from many social and mental pressures due to exclusion from society just for being different from normal human beings. Hence, the usage and purpose of robotic technology trims down this segregation and promote vocational incorporation.

A medical assistive robot for tele-healthcare during the COVID-19 pandemic: development and usability study in an isolation ward.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is affecting the mental and emotional well-being of patients, family members, and healthcare workers. Patients in the isolation ward may have psychological problems due to long-term hospitalization, the development of the epidemic, and the inability to meet their families. The medical assistive robot (MAR), acting as an intermediary of communication, can be deployed to address mental pressures. CareDo, a MAR with telepresence and teleoperation functions, is developed in this work for remote healthcare. This study aims to investigate its practical performance in the isolation ward during the pandemic. Two systems were integrated into the CareDo robot. For the telepresence system, web real-time communications solution is used for the multi-user chat system and the convolutional neural network is used for expression recognition. For the teleoperation system, an incremental motion mapping method is used for operating the robot remotely. This study was finally conducted at the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University for clinical trials. During the clinical trials in First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, tasks such as video chatting, emotion detection, and medical supplies delivery are performed through this robot. Seven voice commands are set for performing system wakeup, video chatting, and system exiting. Statistical durations from 1 second to 3 seconds of common commands are set to improve voice command detection. The facial expression was recorded 152 times for a patient in one day for the psychological intervention. The recognition accuracy reaches 95% and 92.8% for happy and neutral expressions respectively. Patients and healthcare workers can use this MAR in the isolation ward for tele-healthcare during the COVID-19 pandemic. It can be a useful approach to break the chains of virus transmission, and also an effective way for remote psychological intervention.

Perceived social support and family members of patients with mental disorders: A mixed method study.

Family members are the caregivers to patients with mental disorders at home, and the mental and spiritual pressures caused by this responsibility necessitate physical, mental, and perceived social support for these families. The present mixed method study is an attempt to elaborate on the perceived social support by Iranian families of patients with chronic mental disorders. Using a sequential mixed method explanatory study (quantitative and qualitative), 200 family members of patients with chronic mental disorders were selected through convenient sampling (quantitative phase). Data gathering was started using a demographics form and Stewart and Sherburne's perceived social support scale. The qualitative phase included 10 participants who obtained low scores in the quantitative phase and took part in private, face-to-face, in-depth, and semi-structured interviews. The data obtained in the quantitative phase were analyzed using statistical tests, and the interviews were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. The perceived social support by the participants was at a moderate level in different fields of tangible support, information and emotional support, kindness, and positive social interactions. The results of the qualitative phase revealed social support status in 15 subcategories, 6 categories, and 2 themes of support and acceptance by family, relatives, and friends, with support and being understood by society. The results of the qualitative and quantitative sections emphasized the needs of the patient's family members (who acted as caregivers for patients) for support in family, social, and emotional areas. The family members of patients with chronic mental disorders have different needs in the area of perceived social support. Such needs are more tangible in family members such as children with mentally ill parents or parents with mentally ill children. The results of this study can be used for educational and supportive planning for caregivers of patients, most of whom are family members.

Understanding the relations between exposure to the positive self-portrayals of others on social media and emerging adults’ mental health during a COVID-19 imposed lockdown

Social media fulfil emerging adults’ self-presentation needs, and young people often selectively present positive self-portrayals on social media (i.e., exciting social life, successful professional life, and being happy). Yet, being exposed to the positive self-portrays of others can sometimes relate to mental health pressures. In exceptional times of social deprivation (e.g., the COVID-19 pandemic), such relations may differ. This cross-sectional study among 415 emerging adults (Mage = 24.27, SD = 3.19; Women = 64.10%) examined the interrelations between exposure to the positive self-portrayals of others on social media and mental health during an intense COVID-19 lockdown period. The study revealed that exposure to such content related to lower levels of mental health. No support emerged for the moderating role of experiencing negative life events, specifically the experience with COVID-19 illnesses in one’s environment, or a three-way interaction with such experience and gender. These results provide evidence to suggest that specific social circumstances may lead exposure to positive self-portrayals on social media to relate to lower mental health. Specifying such circumstances can help the field to move away from the current inconsistent findings concerning social media/mental health relations.

The Silent Mental Health and Well‐Being Crisis of Early Career Researchers in Aquatic Sciences

The Silent Mental Health and Well‐Being Crisis of Early Career Researchers in Aquatic Sciences

The security mindset: characteristics, development, and consequences

Abstract The world is facing a cybersecurity skills gap as cybercrime and cyberwarfare grow in importance. One often-discussed quality that is potentially relevant to cybersecurity recruitment and education is the so-called “security mindset”: a way of thinking characteristic of some security professionals that they believe to be especially advantageous in their work. Although some employers express a desire to hire people with a security mindset, and initiatives to cultivate the security mindset are being implemented, it has no common definition and little is known about its characteristics, its development, and its consequences. We interviewed 21 cybersecurity professionals who strongly identified as having a security mindset based on a minimal description drawn from existing literature. Thematic analysis of the interview data suggests that the security mindset can be conceptualized as consisting of three interconnected aspects—“monitoring” for potential security anomalies, “investigating” anomalies more deeply to identify security flaws, and “evaluating” the relevance of those flaws in a larger context. These three aspects develop in different ways and have different personal and professional consequences. Participants mostly spoke positively of the security mindset, but they also mentioned several disadvantages not mentioned by existing security-mindset literature, such as mental health pressures, workplace tensions, and negative effects on personal relationships. We discuss the implications of these findings for future study of the security mindset and suggest practical implications for cybersecurity management, education, and recruitment.

코로나19 시기 영어과 과정중심평가에 대한 초등학생들의 인식

In this study, we applied a model of process-oriented English assessments to primary school students during the COVID-19 pandemic and explored how they perceived it. A series of flexible process-oriented assessments were conducted in the first semester of 2022. A survey was administered to 190 fifth-grade students at the end of the semester. The data were analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively. The respondents were classified into three categories according to their self-rated English levels. The results show that the students appreciated the assessments, and they highly valued the teacher’s feedback. Various opinions were presented on providing opportunities for re-testing, reporting results to parents, writing peer reviews in school records, and mental pressures. The process-oriented assessments were found to be conducive for the majority of the young English learners, although some students from the lower group seemed to have experienced a psychological burden. Based on the findings, suggestions are made for educators in the post-pandemic era.

Stress Recognition Based on Multiphysiological Data in High-Pressure Driving VR Scene

Human stress recognition has been used in a variety of contexts, including stress caused by work pressures, mental pressures, trauma, and physical sickness. Meanwhile, the issue of battlefield-induced stress among army veterans has received less attention among researchers. Despite the fact that numerous programs are available to help army soldiers cope with stress, research on physiological behavior as a result of high-pressure combat impacts is still lacking. Since experiencing the same in real time is difficult, we created a virtual reality (VR) technology-based digital battlefield driving scenario and reproduce the stray bullet stimulations within the same in order to mimic the original battlefield environment. The VR scene is then combined with real-time physiological sensors, such as electrocardiography (ECG), Galvanic skin response (GSR) sensor, and an eye-tracking device to analyze the pressure circumstance resulting from the bullet stimulations. The proposed work analyzed the physiological signal individually and as a whole to determine whether the VR stimulation arouse stress in the subject or not. The statistical method and cutting-edge technology, such as the machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) models, were used in this work for the classification of the physiological data-induced stress condition. A comprehensive analysis was carried out among the significant features of the physiological signal and the raw signals as well. The observed results reveal that the VR battlefield can effectively arouse stress in humans, and the DL model can predict the stress condition with good accuracy.