Pictures Research Articles

SOFTWARE GUIDED NAVIGATION OF CORONARY WIRE FOR CHRONIC TOTAL OCCLUSION RECANALIZATION: A BENCH STUDY OF NAVIWIRE APPLICATION

Objectives: Chronic Total Occlusion usually requires specialized wires. These specialized wires should not be rotated haphazardly and as this can lead to rotation of wire inside subintimal space and leading to creation of large subintimal space and collapse of main lumen and making difficult wire reentry. Only controlled and intentional rotation of wire is necessary for higher procedural success. Coronary arteries are 3 dimensional structures and fluoroscopy has limitation to locate the wire in three dimensional vessels. 3D wiring is one method for accurate guidewire location in CTO lesions. Previously some authors have proposed methods to make a mental picture of 3D wiring. In order to make this process even less cumbersome. We propose a software application named NAVIWire that does the job in cath-lab with in two steps. The purpose of this study is to assess the accuracy of our software to locate a wire shaft and tip inside 3D printed coronary vessel.
 Methodology: A 3D printed coronary vessel is printed in such a way that it is divided into 9 quadrants. One operator inserted wire into one of these quadrants. The wire had 1mm tip bend like use in CTO. This operator knew the location of wire and tip orientation. Operator 2 (first time user) and operator (expert user) who were blinded to original location imaged this model under biplane fluoroscope using LAO 45 and RAO 45. The process was repeated 36 times and randomly the first operator changed the location and orientation of tip each time. They inserted the data from these two views into the NAVIWire software and it output the predicted location of wire in these quadrant and tip orientation. We compared this predicted location with original location. We also reported inter-observer variability between first time user and expert user. In addition, we also reported a case of successful crossing of LAD CTO using NAVIWire software. This case report will help operators understand the usage of NAVIWire in real life settings.
 Results: The location of wire shaft inside all 9 quadrants was 100% correctly predicted by all operators. Although the expert user (operator 2) correctly predicted the tip orientation all 36 times but first time user predicted with 94.4% accuracy. The case report of patient shows successful crossing of CTO wire using NAVIWire assisted 3D wiring.
 Conclusion: NAVIWire correctly predicts CTO wire location and tip orientation in 3D printed coronary vessel and the case report also reiterate the finding in real life setting.

Transfiguring Medievalism: Poetry, Attention, and the Mysteries of the Body

Transfiguring Medievalism: Poetry, Attention, and the Mysteries of the Body

Aphantasie et hypnose : une étude exploratoire

IntroductionAphantasia is a recent concept describing an individual's incapacity to use their mind's eye and therefore to visualize mental images. Although this “blind imagination” was studied in order to understand the neuronal mechanisms and the possible consequences of this condition, the implications of aphantasia in the clinical field remain unknown. MethodThis exploratory research involves two related participants, both aphantasics, selected due to their extreme scores at the VVIQ. The participants took three mental imagery trials, a projective test, and the GeoCat psychometric questionnaire. In a third and final phase, they took part in a blind hypnosis with suggestions using visual, kinesthetic, or open metaphors. The interviews and the tests were accompanied by micro-phenomenological interviews to investigate the implicit knowledge and processes. ResultsThe data obtained during these research interviews show that the participants are able to realize tasks involving visual imagery using singular processes. Particularly, they mobilize spatial and semantic skills. During the hypnosis session, one of the participants caught herself feeling overwhelmed by screens of color. Clinical similarities appear within the personality structure and life story of the two participants. DiscussionWe propose that aphantasia, more than a lack of mental imagery, could be a particular cognitive style, in which mental imagery tasks could be realized using other processes. We question the etiology of aphantasia and analyze the entanglement between this cognitive style and the structure of the personality, particularly its potential link with ordinary psychosis. ConclusionThe use of hypnosis enables us to explore this cognitive style, while also giving us a sense of its potential clinical, therapeutic, and quotidian implications.

Intelligence Testing, Mental Age, and the Question of Capacity in the United States, 1910

Intelligence Testing, Mental Age, and the Question of Capacity in the United States, 1910 Chelsea D. Chamberlain (bio) In 1910, at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Study of the Feeble-Minded (AASF), the association's Committee on Classification adopted a new approach to diagnosis. Under this system, a physician or psychologist would administer a Binet intelligence test to determine a subject's "mental age." That age would earn the subject a label: normal, moron, imbecile, or idiot. Psychologist Henry Herbert Goddard convinced the AASF, a group made up mostly of physicians, that the innovation of tying long-standing subdiagnoses like "idiot" and "imbecile"—plus Goddard's neologism "moron"—to the concept of mental age would arm psycho-medical experts with a new definition of feeblemindedness that the public could understand. In his editorial promoting the system, AASF secretary Dr. A. C. Rogers praised mental age as a commonsense way to explain feeblemindedness to patients' relatives and the public at large: "Who is there that does not have a mental picture always in view of the activities and capacities of normal children at different ages?"1 Applications to institutions for the feebleminded from the late nineteenth and early twentieth century show that everyday people did indeed sometimes describe the character and severity of a person's condition by indicating a gap between their chronological age and behaviors. One father applying to a Pennsylvania institution, for instance, explained that his nine-year-old daughter "speaks like a child of four years." Another applicant, a physician, described a fifteen-year-old boy's table manners as that of "a child of five or six years." It is worth noting that in applications such as these, applicants also frequently described patients with animal metaphors, describing eating habits "like a monkey" or singing "like a mocking-bird." Age was therefore one option among many for describing the "peculiarities" of someone suspected of feeblemindedness.2 [End Page 387] When psycho-medical experts adopted mental age as a diagnostic tool, they promoted "double age" as something more than the supposedly natural way that laypeople understood feeblemindedness. They asserted that age and abilities aligned in predictable, precise, and measurable ways. If a child deviated from these stages of development, a skilled psychologist could quantify that deviance and translate it into a diagnostic double age. Crucially, this diagnosis was also a prognosis: those whose mental and chronological ages diverged significantly, experts insisted, were fundamentally dependent, dangerous, and required lifelong institutionalization.3 The concepts of mental age and chronological age helped constitute and legitimate each other in the early twentieth century. As age became a more central organizing feature of American life and governance—reflected in the rise of child study, age-graded classrooms, and laws regarding birth certificates, compulsory education, child labor, and consent—mental age offered a remedy to the problem that there were children and adolescents for whom time since birth did not seem to provide an accurate "standard for measuring maturity." It also proposed that such children could nevertheless be defined and understood in the language of age. Mental age therefore benefited from chronological age's increasingly concrete status and its "supposedly benign universality." At the same time, in promoting the notion that normal children did acquire predictable, identifiable, standardized capacities as they aged, mental age affirmed chronological age as a general measure of maturity and human development. A double age was only necessary for those suspected of asynchrony. It offered a new, scientific way to define, identify, and segregate a pre-existing category of disabled people, the so-called feebleminded.4 Viewing age and disability as intertwined makes it possible to understand the conceptual power and practical implications of double age as a diagnostic measure. As governments apportion rights and citizens claim them for themselves or oppose them for others, they all speak the language of capacity, which is inextricably bound up with both disability and age. The state, in cooperation with psycho-medical experts, has used disability to mark entire groups—including, at various times, propertyless men, women, Native Americans, and Black Americans—incapable of aging into adulthood and the rights that accompany it. As with all categories of analysis...

Review: Butinage: The Art of Religious Mobility, by Yonatan N. Gez, Yvan Droz, Jeanne Rey, and Edio Soares

Review: <i>Butinage: The Art of Religious Mobility</i>, by Yonatan N. Gez, Yvan Droz, Jeanne Rey, and Edio Soares

Introduction

Introduction

The Use of Lukan Hyperbole in the Acts of the Apostles

Luke constructs the world through a geographic description and invites his audience into a spatial image through the textual world. Here hyperbole plays an important role as an impressionistic way of projecting such an image of the world in the minds of his audience. Through hyperbole, Luke conveys his own image of the world, that is, a mental picture of the world as he wants it to be—a world reigned over by God. In this way, Lukan hyperbole functions as an important literary device through which we can discover his theological preoccupations and emphases.

Pictures and picturing: mental imagery whilst reading illustrated novels

ABSTRACT The medium of illustrated novels has been neglected by educational research, and the limited current research on the influence of illustrations on a reader’s mental images is largely negative in tone. However, by adopting a participatory multiple case study methodology, this research provides a new understanding of the nature of mental picturing when reading illustrated novels. In exploring the responses of five 9–10-year-old participants to three illustrated novels, this study demonstrates that the interactions between illustrations and mental pictures are more complex than previously theorised. In addition, far from having a negative impact upon mental picturing, the potential of illustrations to interact with mental pictures should be embraced by practitioners as an opportunity for growth, enjoyment, and increased criticality and creativity.

The thematic system in the construction of Arabic Sufism communities and Islamic identity

This research aims to investigate the thematic system (theme and rheme) of Arabic texts, especially Arabic Sufi texts related to al-Hikam aphorisms. Thematic structure is defined as the set of options relating to ‘information structure’, the linguistic representation of extralinguistic experience and how a Sufi constructs an information structure in al-Hikam aphorisms. In this case, the extralinguistic experience is focused on the Arabic Sufi communities (Tarekat Syadziliyah community). The first problem of this research, about thematic system in al-Hikam aphorism related to Arabic Sufi communities and Islamic identities, is elaborated comprehensively. The elaboration process can be classified into a number of thematic systems such as (1) unmarked topical, (2) marked topical, (3) interpersonal and (4) textual. The thematic analysis becomes the base foundation to elaborate the construction of Arabic Sufi communities and Islamic identities. A thematic model shows how language users in Arabic Sufi communities encode language from their mental picture of reality. By capturing the al-Hikam aphorism through the thematic system, it can be concluded that communication is pivotal in making Islamic Sufi identities.Contribution: Contextually, this research contributes to the study of cross-language and cross-culture. Language as a reflection of a certain culture can be seen both in terms of the product and the translation process.

What can anatomy teach the electrophysiologist for diagnostic procedures?

Even for abasic study, the electrophysiologist needs to have aclear mental picture of cardiac anatomy when positioning the diagnostic catheters. This review highlights some of the features of the four cardiac chambers relevant for translating anatomic knowledge into an understanding of fluoroscopy images and electrograms. Integration of images from real cardiac anatomy into three-dimensional mapping based on electrograms and "virtual" anatomy is crucial for the success and safety of diagnostic and therapeutic electrophysiological procedures.

الألفاظ القرآنية في اشعار الفحول في العصر الأموي

The language of the Holy Quran is unsurpassed in its accuracy of meaning and expression. We find a great deal of Quranic words, phrases, references and anecdotes in the poems of stallions in the Umayyad Period. Stallions employed the arts of rhetoric in their poems and by &amp; large words are used in the Holy Quran.. They chose from the expressions that fit the meanings they wanted to express. They drew beautiful mental pictures of their meanings to influence the receiver. Among the art of eloquence that poets employed in their poems are: simile, metaphor, and metonymy that is also employed in the Holy Quran. Analytical and Descriptive research approach is employed in this article This article found the great impact of Quranic words and narrative style in the poems of Stallions.

A forgotten philology

Richard Fox's More than words represents a sea change in the way we look at philology and textuality by decisively addressing a problem that was identified by George Lakoff and Mark Johnson in Metaphors we live by. In this work, Lakoff and Johnson developed the idea of conduit metaphors, the notion that thought is communicated by first being packaged and conveyed in script language and then unpackaged at the receiving end of communication. According to the conduit metaphor and its descendants and allies, there is an ineffable mental picture of thought, or thought as an ineffable presence in communication, that can be communicated across languages and cultural systems. While this idea has been expressed by different thinkers in different ways, in all variations of it, languages are conceived as a value-free tool for conveying a message. Some, like Walter Ong, tried to question this paradigm; but Ong's work on noetics ultimately also carried forth the old metaphor of script and language as a kind of packaging and thus did not provide us with a way to get beyond the conduit.

La Pastorela

La Pastorela

THE PLOT OF “FIRST LOVE” IN THE NOVEL OF THE SAME NAME BY I.S. TURGENEV AND THE “PICTURESQUE” ROMANTIC TRADITION

The article is devoted to the realization of the picturesque plot in the story “First Love” by I. S. Turgenev. The main character of the heroine is considered according to a combination of sculptural and pictorial plans. At the same time, the key features of this image are “statuary” and artistic talent for creating a “mental picture”, which reflects the internal dynamics of the heroine's image and overcoming the initial predetermined plot. The inclusion in the plot of the story of a casually mentioned painting with Malek-Adel, the hero of the romantic French novel by M. Cotten, provokes the role-playing behavior of Turgenev's heroes and points to a traditional romantic love story with a tragic outcome.

Riding East—Western Myths, Nostalgia, and the Crossing of Generic Boundaries in Hidalgo (2004)

<i>Riding East</i>—Western Myths, Nostalgia, and the Crossing of Generic Boundaries in <i>Hidalgo</i> (2004)

Travelers' Tales: Their Values and Virtues

Travelers' Tales: Their Values and Virtues

Two Hours After Curfew on May 31, 2020, Philadelphia, Six Days after the Murder of George Floyd, and: Beauty will be convulsive

Two Hours After Curfew on May 31, 2020, Philadelphia, Six Days after the Murder of George Floyd, and: Beauty will be convulsive Julia Alekseyeva (bio) Two Hours after Curfew on May 31, 2020, Philadelphia, Six Days after the Murder of George Floyd In the corner of my window I see red flamesappear, and disappear.I remember the concrete yesterdayas if it were tipped over ninety degrees,the faint smell of smoke,a can of white spray paint,hovering over the ground at preciselythe right moment to make the words appearas if they were there already, had always been there.It was so beautiful. The girl in black overalls and a topknotwrote Philly cops can get it.All cops are bastards, I thought.In my mind's eye it plays in slow motion:a distinctly cinematic lens flare,a wide-angle lens. The Valencia filter.It seemed within minutes the city was covered.The city. I was born in a great city. A lush, historic metropolisof three million, too big to fail, they said.I was born like I am now, standing unknownbelow a cloud of mysterious smoke.I heard the fall of my country on the radio,a small, poor thing, atop a tablecloth. [End Page 61] Gingham, seafoam green.A low angle. Pan up. My mother.When they announce the fall of America,will we hear it on the radio?Will the apps shut down?Will they play Swan Lake? In my city, like in others,there are statues of evil men.There are violent façades in a strange,particularly hateful mix ofrococo and neoclassical.Brick lanes and floral,overflowing window boxes.The city bursts at the seamslike an engorged whale; zinnias,begonias, heather cascadingon all sides like a decadentwastebasket.A ticking bomb, exploding. Catharsis.It becamean overturned car; a busin flames; the smoky air.Violence has always lived here.Words, words, words of all shapesweave around the glass panes ofanother useless retail storelike a forest vine wraps around anabandoned vehicle.I think, despite myself,of the meme:Nature is healing.We are the virus.It is like a breath,like an exhale,like relief. [End Page 62] I wish the words to alwaysstay, for the smoke and flamesto change us until we are better,for revolution to coax forthlike a bright magic toward history. Beauty will be convulsive I used to brush my hand againstthe stucco of your buildinglike women in Antonioni films.On Sundays the line dividing fleshfrom architecture disappears.I walk into a library and am drawn suddenlyto a floor I've never visited.Brooklyn has its own psychogeography. Golden hieroglyphs jeer on the doors of Eastern Parkwayand I walk six kilometers to hear an anxious manread poems about clouds and sled dogs—two things we both love.At times New York has an oddability to translate a sigh into limestone,its own secret language.The walls were flanked by two lionswith the marble noses of aristocrats. In 1968 the walls of Tokyowere covered in Malraux andMayakovsky, a collage of quotationsin which you are just a sprinkling of anidea of an idea within a woman's mind.Some years later my favorite filmmakerwould slash a Shinjuku underpass with white [End Page 63] chalk and emerge into the belly of a city:The city is an open book—write on its infinite margins! On a map of this city I draw red starsin corners where I heard your voice sayCome back, we miss youquietly in my thoughtsand repeated it gently to myself,a heavy mantra.At night I search the walls for an alleywayto be alone with my thoughts and find none. All along Bedford the walls are a museum.An artist in residency holds his spray can aloftwith the nimble lightness of a Renoir danceror a Vermeer—boy with black hoodie,girl with wheatpaste, still life with brick.I have an urge to melt into the walls and scramblethem entirely, emerge yellingart must...

AFRI-VIPE: Simulated patients (SPs) role in virtual interprofessional education (VIPE)

Simulated Patients (SPs) in health professions education are an integral part of the education of future healthcare practitioners to deliver patient-centered care. The researchers first met at the Africa Interprofessional Education Network (AfrIPEN) conference in August 2019. They formed a committee to develop virtual interprofessional education (VIPE) across multiple institutions and countries entitled ‘AFRI-VIPE’. The researchers convened monthly to develop a cross-cultural case that intertwined with the use of an SP. The Association of Standardized Patient Educators (ASPE’s) five domains adapted from the Standards of Best Practice (SOBP) guided the recording of the SP enacting the developed case. The video was integrated into the AFRI-VIPE event, allowing students to create an accurate mental picture of the case. Students were able to discuss the case aimed at a shared management plan effectively. When developing a multi-cultural VIPE case, we argue that it is imperative to have a dynamic interprofessional committee that collectively created the case and an SP Facilitator/Educator who actively works in training and guiding the SPs within the ASPE’s SOBP.

Composing in the scanner: A functional magnetic resonance imaging single case study on visual and auditory imagery.

"Seeing with the mind's eye" and "hearing with the mind's ear" are two common indicators of musical imagery, and they can be referred to as "visual" and "auditory" musical imagery. However, a question remains open, that is, whether visual and auditory imagery of the same musical composition share the same neural mechanisms. Moreover, how can neural mechanisms guarantee the temporal flow of "musical imagery"? To answer these questions, we report here a preliminary single case study using functional magnetic resonance imaging with an eminent composer who imagined one of his compositions in two states of mind as compared to his resting-state activity. In the visual imagery condition, he imagined visually the score of his composition in a continuous way. In the auditory imagery condition, he imagined auditorily the same musical composition with pauses. In spite of the modality and temporal differences, the two types of mental imagery showed similar temporal durations for the same musical composition. However, different patterns of neural activation were observed for visual and auditory imagery with one important exception, that is, a common activation pattern was observed in the left medial temporal gyrus in both visual and auditory imagery. We speculate that the left medial temporal gyrus may play an important role in the creation of apparent temporal continuity in musical imagery and perhaps even in conscious information processing in general.

The effect of Chinese pop background music on Chinese poetry reading comprehension

Students prefer to listen to music while reading because they believe it will help them focus on constructing a contextual mental picture. However, the effect of background music on the reading comprehension of primary school new readers remains unclear. This study examines the effects of two musical factors (familiarity and tempo) on the construction of poetry mental picture in 129 Chinese primary school readers with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder. The study controlled for nonverbal intelligence, age, gender, working memory, and receptive vocabulary, and results showed that background music had a negative effect on poetry reading performance. Specifically, students had similar performance in easy poetry reading with background music but performed better in difficult poetry reading with unfamiliar music and slower melody. The effect size of unfamiliar background music was larger than that of melody tempo. This study provided literature on the effect of background music on surface decoding in poetry reading and suggested that the appropriate approach for readers who are in the learning to read stage should be to refrain from listening to music while reading.