Mental Health Of Soldiers Research Articles

The Impact of War on Mental Health in Cameroon's North-west and South-west Regions: A Psycho-traumatology Perspective

Background: The war is a major poly-traumatic event, which leads to massive population displacements. The question of the evaluation and psychological care of psychotraumatised people is an urgent matter.
 Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the impact of the ongoing war in North-west & South-West (NOSO) on the mental health of soldiers and civilians, focusing on war-induced trauma.
 Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in different settings in the NOSO. Data was collected from 203 participants, two years after the war began, using a structured questionnaire that included sections on sociodemographic information, trauma-related issues, and mental health.
 Results: The study found that levels of depression and anxiety were relatively average. However, those who were directly exposed to military actions, physical violence, or severe human suffering had higher levels of anxiety, depression, stress, and trauma-related symptoms. The war experience varied by gender, age, involved actors (soldiers vs civilians), and living conditions.
 Conclusion: The results imply that the degree of exposure to violence and living circumstances had distinct effects on the mental health of those afflicted by the war. The study also found a number of stresses, including physical and sexual assault, kidnapping, and abuses committed by military personnel. Subsequent investigations ought to devise efficacious measures to bolster the welfare of residents amidst this arduous period.

The Effect of a Combined Mindfulness and Yoga Intervention on Soldier Mental Health in Basic Combat Training: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial

Background. Depression, anxiety, and sleep problems are prevalent in high-stress occupations including military service. While effective therapies are available, scalable preventive mental health care interventions are needed. This study examined the impact of a combined mindfulness and yoga intervention on the mental health of soldiers in Basic Combat Training (BCT). Methods. U.S. Army soldiers ( N = 1,896 ) were randomized by platoon to an intervention or training-as-usual condition. Soldiers in the intervention condition completed Mindfulness-Based Attention Training (MBAT), engaged in daily 15 min mindfulness practice, and participated in 30 minutes of hatha yoga 6 days per week. Surveys were administered at baseline (T1, prior to training), week 4 of BCT (T2), week 6 (T3), and week 9 (T4). Results. A significant time-by-condition interaction predicting positive screens for depression found that screens decreased at a faster rate from T1 to T4 in the intervention condition (-12.6%) compared to training-as-usual (-7.2%) ( b = − 0.18 , SE = 0.07 , p = 0.028 ). While positive anxiety screens decreased over time across conditions, the time-by-condition interaction found no significant differences in the rate of these decreases by condition ( b = 0.09 , SE = 0.09 , p = 0.273 ). A significant time-by-condition interaction predicting positive screens for sleep problems found that sleep problems decreased in the intervention condition (-1.4%) but increased in training-as-usual (2.0%) ( b = − 0.68 , SE = 0.16 , p = 0.027 ). Conclusion. The mindfulness and yoga intervention was associated with a greater reduction in positive screens for depression and sleep problems among soldiers during high-stress training. Limitations include reliance on self-report and the inability to disaggregate the effects of mindfulness versus yoga. Mindfulness and yoga may enable personnel in high-stress occupations to sustain their mental health even in the context of significant psychological demands. This trial is registered with NCT05550610.

Особенности предупреждения суицидального поведения лиц, осуществляющих свою профессиональную деятельность в экстремальной среде (на примере американских Вооруженных сил)

The relevance of this work is due to the fact that at present the problem of suicide among persons engaged in their professional activities in an extreme environment, which include the military and law enforcement officials, is of great concern to the public and the leadership, the Armed forces and law enforcement agencies in different countries. Most of the previous studies have shown that suicide among the considered category of persons adversely affects the combat readiness of the unit and may even lead to a negative attitude in General to the service in the army or law enforcement. In this regard, the authors attempted to analyze the positive experience associated with the prevention of suicidal behavior in the US Armed forces. In the course of the research General scientific and special methods were applied, which allowed to draw reasoned conclusions. Studying the positive experience of suicide prevention in American servicemen, the authors came to the conclusion that the military and political leadership of the us Armed forces not only realized the importance of countering suicidal behavior, but also takes the necessary measures to minimize the phenomenon under consideration. The authors also note that currently in the Armed forces and law enforcement agencies should focus on the need for commanders and direct managers of mental health of soldiers and personnel, including to mitigate the effects of combat stress. The practical significance of the study is expressed in the possibility of using in our country the positive foreign experience in the prevention of mental disorders and suicidal behavior among specialists of dangerous professions. Due to the urgent need to reduce the psychotraumatic impact of negative factors on the group under consideration.

The Structural Relationship Among Factors Influencing Mental Health of Military Soldiers

본 연구는 군 장병의 정신건강 영향 요인들 간의 구조적 관계를 살펴보고자 하였으며, 충청권 지역에 소재한 공군 부대 장병들 총 410명을 대상으로 설문을 실시하였다. 본 연구의 결과에 의하면, 첫째, 장병들의 스트레스는 정신건강에 직접적인 부적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 장병들의 스트레스는 정신건강과의 관계에서 매개변인인 자기통제력과 적응유연성을 통하여 직·간접적으로 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 스트레스에서 자기통제력으로 가는 경로와 자기통제력에서 적응유연성으로 가는 경로, 스트레스에서 정신건강으로 가는 직접적인 경로에서는 정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 끝으로 본 연구는 정신건강을 탐색한 기존의 연구들이 주로 학생이나 일반 기업을 대상으로 환경적 변인들과의 관계 규명에 접근한데 비해 군 조직의 특성을 고려한 장병들의 개인내적 변인들까지 확장하여 이들의 직·간접적 영향력과 구조적 관계를 확인하였다.The purpose of this study was to investigate the structural relationships among influencing mental health of the military soldiers. The subjects of this study were 410 air force soldiers in Chung-cheong region. According to the results of this study, First, it was shown that the stress of the soldiers has a direct negative effect on the mental health of the soldiers. Second, it was shown that the stress of the soldiers is directly or indirectly influenced by self-control and resilience in the relationship with mental health. Third, there was positive impact in the path from stress to self-control, the path from self-control to resilience and the indirect path from stress to mental health. These results are inconsistent with previous studies suggesting that social support has an impact on mental health. However, It was shown that social support has significantly direct impact on mental health through resilience. Finally, Existing studies approached the relationship between the environmental variables for the students and general companies. but this study extended the personal variables of the soldiers considering the characteristics of the military organization, confirming their direct and indirect influence and structural relations.

Protection of the mental health of soldiers as a guarantee of their personal safety

While on duty, soldiers are exposed to severe stress, and mental condition has a direct impact on the efficacy of their performance. The paper shows how the specificity of soldiers’ work affects their mental health. The importance of the role of psychologists in the army is emphasized, and the consequences of negligence in soldiers’ mental care are indicated. The way in which the mental health of soldiers is protected in Poland, by the state itself and by the institutions established for this purpose, is also characterised. Special attention is paid to mental health care for the soldiers that take part in foreign military missions, who are exposed to psychological trauma as a result of isolation from the family and friends, and as a result of being placed in a new cultural and religious environment. On the basis of the above, the necessity of implementing new system solutions to ensure the effective psychological protection of soldiers is indicated.

The correlative analysis of military medical personnel's character and mental health and treatment

Objective To discuss the character and coping styles of field medical staffs in military condition. Methods Field tests were conducted on 121 soldiers (observation group) from the field medical center participating in the medical service mission-2014 of Beijing military area command by using symptom self-rating scale , eysenck personality questionnaire and simple coping style questionnaire . A total of 130 cases of active medical personnel (control group) in the hospital were randomly selected for investigation, and the test data of the two groups of military medical personnel were compared and analyzed. Results Under military stress such as military exercises, SCL-90, personality characteristics and coping style scores of medical service personnel were significantly higher than those of normal soldiers in the hospital. The differences in somatization, obsessive-compulsive disorder, anxiety, fear and anxiety, and partial psychosis in SCL-90 were statistically significant(P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in temperament, extraversion and neuroticism(P<0.05). Among the coping styles, positive coping and negative coping were both lower than those of soldiers in the hospital, and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). Person correlation analysis showed that the total mean score of SCL-90 was negatively correlated with positive coping and subjects' tendency to cover up. It is positively correlated with negative coping, psychoticism and neuroticism. Multiple regression analysis showed that the regression coefficients of five factors, including negative coping, positive coping, psychoticism, neuroticism and subjects' tendency to disguise, were statistically significant (P<0.01). Psychoticism and neuroticism were positively correlated with the total mean score of SCL-90, and the tendency of concealment was negatively correlated with the total mean score of SCL-90. Conclusion Under stress conditions such as military exercises, the mental health of soldiers in medical service is closely related to their personality characteristics and processing methods. Key words: Military medical personnel; Military stress; Personality and psychological characteristics; Coping style; Investigation and research

Risk of Suicide Attempt Among Soldiers in Army Units With a History of Suicide Attempts

Mental health of soldiers is adversely affected by the death and injury of other unit members, but whether risk of suicide attempt is influenced by previous suicide attempts in a soldier's unit is unknown. To examine whether a soldier's risk of suicide attempt is influenced by previous suicide attempts in that soldier's unit. Using administrative data from the Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Servicemembers (STARRS), this study identified person-month records for all active-duty, regular US Army, enlisted soldiers who attempted suicide from January 1, 2004, through December 31, 2009 (n = 9650), and an equal-probability sample of control person-months (n = 153 528). Data analysis was performed from August 8, 2016, to April 10, 2017. Logistic regression analyses examined the number of past-year suicide attempts in a soldier's unit as a predictor of subsequent suicide attempt, controlling for sociodemographic features, service-related characteristics, prior mental health diagnosis, and other unit variables, including suicide-, combat-, and unintentional injury-related unit deaths. The study also examined whether the influence of previous unit suicide attempts varied by military occupational specialty (MOS) and unit size. Of the final analytic sample of 9512 enlisted soldiers who attempted suicide and 151 526 control person-months, most were male (86.4%), 29 years or younger (68.4%), younger than 21 years when entering the army (62.2%), white (59.8%), high school educated (76.6%), and currently married (54.8%). In adjusted models, soldiers were more likely to attempt suicide if 1 or more suicide attempts occurred in their unit during the past year (odds ratios [ORs], 1.4-2.3; P < .001), with odds increasing as the number of unit attempts increased. The odds of suicide attempt among soldiers in a unit with 5 or more past-year attempts was more than twice that of soldiers in a unit with no previous attempts (OR, 2.3; 95% CI, 2.1-2.6). The association of previous unit suicide attempts with subsequent risk was significant whether soldiers had a combat arms MOS or other MOS (ORs, 1.4-2.3; P < .001) and regardless of unit size, with the highest risk among those in smaller units (1-40 soldiers) (ORs, 2.1-5.9; P < .001). The population-attributable risk proportion for 1 or more unit suicide attempts in the past year indicated that, if this risk could be reduced to no unit attempts, 18.2% of attempts would not occur. Risk of suicide attempt among soldiers increased as the number of past-year suicide attempts within their unit increased for combat arms and other MOSs and for units of any size but particularly for smaller units. Units with a history of suicide attempts may be important targets for preventive interventions.

Unit Cohesion, Resilience, and Mental Health of Soldiers in Basic Combat Training

Military unit cohesion has been shown to correlate with physical and psychological outcomes. However, little is known about the development of cohesion in the early days of military service during Basic Combat Training (BCT) and how it relates to positive support and the negative stressors of training. The current study assessed the development of unit cohesion across the 10-week BCT period (N = 1,939), and the relation of cohesion to stress, resilience, mental health measures, and BCT outcomes (graduation, passing the Army Physical Fitness Test, and final Basic Rifle Marksmanship scores). The sample was primarily male (62%), under age 25 (88%), and unmarried (88%). All putative mediators showed significant change over time. Unit cohesion increased over time (slope 0.22; p < .001), and these increases were associated with decreases in psychological distress (p < .001), sleep problems (p < .001), and tolerance of BCT stressors (p < .001), as well as increases in resilience (p < .001), confidence managing stress reactions (p < .001), and positive states of mind (p < .001). Unit cohesion was indirectly associated with successful graduation and passing the Army Physical Fitness Test through cohesion-related improvement in psychological distress, resilience, and confidence managing reactions to stress. Sleep problems also mediated BCT graduation. Cohesion effects on the Basic Rifle Marksmanship scores were mediated by psychological distress and tolerance of BCT stressors only. These results suggest that unit cohesion may play a key role in the development of psychological health among new soldiers.

Hypotheses on Religion in the Military

Recent U.S. military engagements in the Middle East have drawn public attention to the thorny issue of religion in the armed forces but the scholarship on religion in the military lags far behind these developments. Scholars have not developed a coherent research program around the challenges that religion faces in the armed forces or the religious issues that soldiers, commanders and military institutions grapple with on a daily basis. This papers seeks to initiate a scholarly conversations about the roles and effects of religion in the armed forces. I propose exploratory hypotheses that touch on some key themes that such a research program might cover, at three levels of analysis. At the institutional level, scholars should interrogate the relationship between religious norms and constitutional challenges in society and in the military. At the unit level, research should explore the impact that chaplains and group rituals have on unit morale. At the individual level, this research program should initiate a comprehensive investigation of the effects of individual religious practices on the mental health of soldiers and, in turn, the impact that participation in combat has on soldiers' religiosity. These illustrative hypotheses are far from exhaustive and should be regarded as invitations for future exploration.

Prevalence of palmar hyperhidrosis and mental health status analysis among 25 680 soldiers

Objective To investigate palmar hyperhidrosis (PH) and the effects on mental health in a military command. Methods 26 392 soldiers were enrolled in this study by stratified-cluster random sampling. Each was required to complete a self-administered questionnaire regarding PH. The soldiers were assessed with symptom checklist-90 (SCL-90) and the factor scores were compared with army norm and civilian norm. Results A total of 25680 subjects fulfilled the questionnaires, and the response rate was 97.3%. The prevalence of PH in the survey sample was 2.66% and the mild, moderate, and severe PH were 1.49%, 0.83%, and 0.34%, respectively. The total mean score of SCL-90 in soldiers with PH (1.72±0.54) was higher than those none PH soldiers (1.65±0.58), civilian norm (1.49±0.41) and military norm (1.63±0.30). Multiple regression analysis showed that age, level of education and severity of PH were important factors for mental health of soldiers with PH (P<0.05). Conclusion PH is more common in the military, which affect the mental health. The health service departments should pay attention to the treatment and psychological intervention of PH. Key words: Palmar hyperhidrosis; Military; Symptom checklist-90; Epidemiological survey

Changes in Mental Health of Members of the Chinese Army (1990~2007): A Cross-Temporal Meta-Analysis

Many studies have been conducted to measure the mental health status of members of the Chinese Army. However, empirical research on the topic has yielded few consistent results. Some studies have found that Chinese Army members have poor mental health status, and others provide evidence that soldiers' mental health is positive. The main issue we addressed in this study was the development of the mental health of Chinese Army members over the past two decades. This time period is significant because it has been a relatively peaceful time for China, and soldiers during this period are increasingly products of the single-child family policies. Are there significant differences on mental health between soldiers from single-child families and multiple-child families? We also explored differences in the mental health of soldiers from urban and rural areas and soldiers with different levels of education. Typically, traditional meta-analysis methods are used to examine the effect size of homogenous studies on a specific topic. But there are typically large variances in effect sizes in studies published across a number of years, an issue which has not been ideally resolved in the field of psychology. The cross-temporal meta-analysis method used in this study was developed by Twenge and introduced into China by Xin. This method was applied to examine the changing process of certain psychological factors, such as mental health, coping style, learning anxiety, and self-esteem. Cross-temporal meta-analysis was applied to examine the changes in mental health of members of the Chinese Army from 1990 to 2007. Ninety-four published studies of mental health of members of the Chinese Army (N = 108,736) were included. In these studies, the Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90) was used to assess the mental health of the soldiers. The means and SDs of nine dimensions of SCL-90 during 18 years were gathered and compared. Results and conclusions showed that: (1) Mental health of members of the Chinese Army steadily improved between 1990 and 2007; (2) During those 18 years, the Interpersonal Sensitivity factor of SCL-90 of Chinese Army members changed most significantly, and the least significantly changed factor was Somatization; (3) Chinese Army members showed evidence of fewest problems on the Photic Anxiety factor, in contrast to the consistent problems indicated by scores on the Obsessive-Compulsive and Interpersonal Sensitivity scales; (4) Chinese Army members from single-child families (N = 1,944) showed significant lower evidence of positive mental health than soldiers from multiple child families (N = 2,649); (5) The mental health of soldiers from non-agricultural backgrounds (N = 7,808) was less positive than that of soldiers from agricultural household (N = 11,459); (6) Chinese Army members with senior high school education level (N = 10,189) had less positive mental health than those with junior high school (N = 8,407) or university education (N = 863).

Community-Based Wounded Warrior Sustainability Initiative (CBWSI): An integrative medicine strategy for mitigating the effects of PTSD

How people behave is dramatically influenced by how we organize institutions. Elliott Jaques INTRODUCTION The U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) healthcare system is preparing for an increase in the number of veteran patients caused by the drawdown of troops from Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) and Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF), many of whom suffer from posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). As such, it is imperative that local communities also prepare for their return. This editorial discusses the unique circumstance of the U.S. veteran with PTSD, examines groundbreaking measures made by the VA to help identify and treat veterans experiencing the invisible wounds of war, and introduces an innovative, community-based, primary care level strategy to mitigate the untoward effects of PTSD on veterans and their families, the VA healthcare system, and local communities. THE VETERAN According to the VA, in June 2010, there were 171,423 OIF/OEF veterans diagnosed with PTSD, out of a total of 593,634 patients treated by the VA [1]. The good and bad news about blast injuries from improvised explosive devices is that while many more individuals survive the initial event because of improved military medicine, many also sustain additional injuries that make rehabilitation and full recovery very challenging (i.e., limb loss, traumatic brain injury [TBI], PTSD). Thus far, 84,005 veteran patients have been granted VA disability compensation; of these, about half were for PTSD [2]. The full effect of OIF/OEF on the mental health of soldiers will not be known for years. One study looked at members of four U.S. combat infantry units (three Army and one Marine Corps) who had served in Iraq and Afghanistan. The majority of soldiers were exposed to a variety of traumatic, combat-related situations, such as being attacked or ambushed (92%), seeking dead bodies (94.5%), being shot at (95%), and/or knowing someone who was seriously injured or killed (86.5%). After deployment, approximately 12.5 percent had PTSD, a rate greater than that found among these soldiers before deployment [3]. There is an alarming rise in PTSD-related suicides, which increased from 11 per day in 2009 to 18 per day in 2011 [4]. Acts of violence by veterans and their associated effects on society are commonly seen in the media [5]. According to VA healthcare services, access to care appears to be a key factor, noting once a veteran is inside the VA care program . . . special efforts are made to track those considered to be at high risk ... [4]. Suicide attempts by Iraq and Afghanistan veterans are of special concern because their rates are so much higher. Combined physical and psychological traumas, such as feelings of hopelessness compounded by a cognitive inability to adjust or cope with stress, may result in a further sense of despair. In fiscal year 2009, there were 1,621 suicide attempts by men and 247 by women, with 94 men and 4 women dying [4]. Early studies were of interest to the military [6-7] because of the large numbers of soldiers returning from Iraq and Afghanistan with TBI and PTSD as a result of having survived blast injuries. PTSD has been identified as one of the signature disorders of OIF/OEF [8]. A 2008 RAND Corporation study estimated that 13.8 percent of U.S. servicemembers experience PTSD [9], while other studies report military prevalence rates ranging from 2 to 22 percent [10-11]. The VA and Department of Defense have recently embarked on additional research in the military population at VA facilities using acupuncture for the treatment of PTSD and related symptoms. The scientific rationale for acupuncture is better understood today, including interactions with muscle fascia and peripheral and central neurologic pathways [12-13]. VA AND NATIONAL CENTER FOR PTSD Recognizing the need for research and education on the prevention, understanding, and treatment of PTSD, the VA designed and implemented a Center of Excellence called the National Center for PTSD. …

Learning and the Value of Debate

I remember the dismay that I experienced as I encountered the level of contentiousness that seemed to characterize my doctoral classes. It was unnerving to discover that most of my fellow students were given to fairly intense debate over virtually every topic that we studied. Why?, I wondered. I slowly (and somewhat painfully) learned the benefit of debate in learning, especially in the sciences of the mind. Debate sharpens the focus and forces one to clarify his or her position. Recently, I stumbled on a reference to the course taught by cognitive scientist Stevan Harnad at the University of Southampton. The course is called Current Debates in Psychology (Harnad, n.d.). Basically, the course addresses controversial topics, which serve as the basis for the lectures and discussion that take place during the semester. The following six topics are selected from Harnad's 17-topic module in order to support the idea that psychology and its related content areas provide a platform for controversy at its best: * "Shrinks and Cranks." Do therapies-both psychic and somatic-work? What counts as evidence for and against? * "The Devil Made Me Do It." The dark sides of human nature: rape, incest, violence. Does sociobiology explain them? Is it all our evolutionary heritage? * "Me and My Selfish Genes." Is it all about getting power, property, and progeny? * "Or Do We Each Have Minds After All?" The critiques of sociobiology and behavior genetic analysis: psychological, statistical, biologic. * "When Science Tampers With Feelings." Intelligence testing, electroshock therapy, animal experiments: Science and human values. * "Consciousness of Consciousness." Do animals know others have minds? Do children? How can you tell? What is it for? (Harnad, n.d., paras. 5, 7-10, 20) The reader may wish to check out the entire list at http://users.ecs.soton.ac.uk/harnad/ debates.html (Harnad, n.d.), but as I reviewed the list, I could not help thinking of other debates that exist, and I wondered just how long the list could be if it were allowed to approach some degree of completeness. We could take the topics published over the years in Ethical Human Psychology and Psychiatry (EHPP) and use them to expand the list. As it happened, when I first reviewed Harnad's list, I was also composing this editorial, and thus the connection was drawn. Borrowing Harnad's style, I have noted in the following discussion several additional controversial topics that this issue of EHPP explores. Consider the various controversies that exist within the subjects covered in this issue of EHPP: the mental health of soldiers, the use of antidepressants, confrontation psychotherapy, epilepsy and the media, gifts to therapists, autism, and mental health as an epidemic. Harnad's list is not at all exhaustive, but it will support the point that society benefits from the learning that occurs in debate. WAR AND THE MENTAL HEALTH OF SOLDIERS: ARE THEY EVER PREPARED? As I am writing this, word just came that Osama bin Laden was killed. The relief and rejoicing over the killing of this al-Qaeda leader must also have brought at least some realization to our conscious mind about just where we are with respect to the act of ending the life of another human. Ever since I read Grossman's (1996) book, On Killing: The Psychological Cost of Learning to Kill in War and Society, I have been hypersensitive to the act of killing because it is sanctioned in war. I am not campaigning about any liferelated issue. I am simply reporting my own sensitivity to the subject. Therefore, reading Clark Barrett's article on the mental preparation (or lack thereof) that soldiers received, it brought Grossman's thesis back to mind in stark reality. Humans have to be prepared for war and its associated antilife force. In the lead article in this issue of EHPP, "Unarmed and Dangerous: The Holistic Preparation of Soldiers for Combat," Barrett has presented a compelling picture of the issues involved in this preparation. …

Non-combat military service in the United States and its effects on depressive symptoms among men

A large body of research has established that combat has negative effects on the mental health of soldiers, resulting in PTSD and a wide range of related mental health problems. However, very little research examines what effects non-combat military service may have on the mental health of men. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY79) we show that men who serve on active duty, and do not see combat, are less likely to experience depressive symptoms than their nonveteran and reserve duty counterparts, although this effect tends to dissipate after discharge from the military. We suggest several mechanisms through which active duty military service may act to reduce the likelihood of developing depressive symptoms.

Effect of environment variable on mental health of military people at high altitude

目的 了解环境因素对高原驻防军人心理健康的影响.方法采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)和环境(自然环境、家庭环境和部队环境)调查表.结果SCL-90结果显示:高原驻防军人的主要心理问题是强迫症状和敌对性(与中国军人常模比较t=4.03,3.41,P＜0.01).单因子独立样本变异数分析表明:自然环境中海拔高度、部队阅历的长短(军龄)对高原驻防军人心理健康没有影响(P＞0.05);家庭环境中的父母职业对高原驻防军人心理健康没有影响(P＞0.05),父母的文化程度(焦虑、抑郁的F=3.14、2.99,P＜0.05)、教养方式(强迫症状、抑郁、敌对和偏执的F=3.05,4.27,3.07,4.11,P＜0.05)和家庭气氛(强迫症状、人际敏感、抑郁、敌对、偏执和精神病性的F=3.99,3.99,3.09,3.92,4.19,2.88,P＜0.05)对高原驻防军人心理健康有一定程度的影响;部队环境中部队的管理方式(敌对、精神病性的F=3.59,4.09,P＜0.05)和干部的态度(焦虑、敌对、恐怖和偏执的F=3.21,4.36,3.31,5.86,P＜0.05)对高原驻防军人心理健康也有一定程度的影响.结论高原驻防军人存在一些心理问题,父母的文化程度、教养方式、家庭气氛、部队的管理方式和干部的态度影响高原驻防军人的心理健康水平。

Security duties in Northern Ireland and the mental health of soldiers: prospective study

The psychological effects of conflict in wartime have attracted much interest,1 2 but today's army is more commonly employed to maintain internal security and as international peacekeeping forces. Such duties...