Mental Health Disturbances Research Articles

Understanding the Correlation Between Visual Impairment and Mental Health: A Literature Review

Low vision is one of the major ophthalmologic problems and the leading causes of disability in older adults associated with reduced quality of life and increased depressive symptoms. In turn, depression may cause a further decline in quality of life, may aggravate disability caused by the visual impairment, and may increase vulnerability for health decline. Approximately around 36 million are blind, and 217 million have marked moderate to severe visual impairment. Visual impairment refers, generally, to poor vision. Observational data revealed that those with sight loss were twice as likely as those with another impairment to have experienced discrimination. There is evidence that individuals with visual impairment have poorer mental health than their impairment-free counterparts. In health care settings, an association between visual impairment and depression has been consistently reported. Greater prevalence of depressive symptoms in those with visual impairment has also been reported. The aim of this review is therefore to summarize the literature with the goal to untangle the relationship between vision loss and psychological factors that lead to mental health disturbance.

Covid-19 and Mental Health Disorders in General: A Literature Review

In December 2019, there was an outbreak of a respiratory disease in Wuhan, China. The outbreak was initially reported from a viral infection attributed to Novel Coronavirus ended up classified as a SARS CoV-2. The symptoms from this virus were vary due to the ACE2 Receptor located in many organs of the body, but mostly in lung epithelial cells. The diseases were flu-like type but commonly developed into severe acute respiratory syndrome if the inflammation was occurred progressively. Numbers of hospital admission were significantly higher due to the patients with COVID-19 that needs to be isolated and treated. Up until now, the pandemic still haunts us and living besides us. Our society was overwhelmed by the viral infection, due to the new mutations and variants of the SARS CoV-2. There were mental health disturbances such as anxiety and major depression, traumatic events and moral injury that experienced by public and healthcare providers which affected by this pandemic. In this article we would like to evaluate overall mental health conditions of general society. Early recognition may improve better outcomes for our society, so we can overcome this pandemic without having any mental health disturbances. Developing effective strategies in order to manage COVID-19 related tasks as general public, especially healthcare providers.

A Consideration of Racism in Pediatric Epidemiologic Studies

A Consideration of Racism in Pediatric Epidemiologic Studies

Mental health condition of college students compared to non-students during COVID-19 lockdown: the CONFINS study

ObjectivesTo estimate the effect of student status on mental health condition during COVID-19 general lockdown in France.DesignCross-sectional analysis comparing students and non-students recruited in the same study.SettingParticipants of the web-based...

Using an Attachment-Informed Framework in the Clinical Care of Children and Adolescents: A Review of Attachment Theory and Its Impact on Developmental Psychopathology

This article provides an overview of attachment and its impact on the developmental psychopathology in children and adolescents. Attachment plays a crucial role in providing the foundation for healthy acquisition of social, cognitive, and emotional development starting in early childhood. In this article, we also provide a brief overview of psychopathology from an attachment perspective. Secure attachments confer protective factors that can lead to stable, fulfilling relationships. In contrast, insecure attachments can lead to risk for a wide variety of pathogenic states and psychiatric disorders. Attachment can be conceptualized within a vulnerability model, rather than as a direct cause of psychopathology. Given that attachment is an essential building block of healthy development, clinicians treating children and adolescents should adopt an attachment-informed framework in understanding child and adolescent psychopathology, both in terms of protective factors and risk factors. This article will allow the clinician to more accurately formulate the basis of a child's mental health disturbance and define adequate treatment strategies. [ Psychiatr Ann . 2021;51(7):300–315.]

Escape the Traffic Congestion Using Brainstorming Optimization Algorithm and Density Peak Clustering

In recent days many people are working on twitter data as the tweets are easily available and also provide reliable data. Collecting and processing these tweets produces promising and accurate results in solving many real world problems. Common problem faced by most of the people is traffic congestion. Traffic congestion results in traffic jams, mental and physical health disturbance. So to avoid this, our paper tried to show the methodology which can bring out promising results. In this paper for processing the tweet data we have used the common approach of Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF) and discussed the application of brainstorming optimization algorithm (BSO) to avoid traffic congestion. We have also introduced the density peak clustering (DPC) to train the brain storming optimization technique. This paper has shown the modified BSO and DPC on the tweets to bring out the results which show traffic conditions at various places. We have justified our work by conducting the experiment.

Effects of an Adaptive Education Program on the Learning, Mental Health and Work Intentions of New Graduate Nurses.

Health care workers are at a higher risk of psychological distress than ordinary people. Stress affects physical and mental health, and can even produce an intention to leave. The current training for new graduate nurses (NGNs) during this transitional period mostly focuses on the cultivation of professional ability, with less attention to mental health or emotional feelings, and thus there are insufficient structured support strategies. As such, this study explores the effects of intervention through an appropriate education program on the learning, mental health and work intentions of new recruits during the transition period. A pre-test and post-test for a single group was designed for new nursing staff in a large teaching hospital in northern Taiwan. The test period was from May 2017 to December 2018, and a total of 293 cases were accepted. A three-month adaptive education program was provided and evaluated in terms of: care for learning, care for health, improving professional ability, and individualized guidance on satisfaction, mental health disturbance and work intention. The new graduate nurses who received gentle care and counseling showed a downward trend in their BSRS-5 scores and statistical differences over time (p < 0.001). The higher the BSRS-5 score, the easier it is for new graduate nurses in acute and intensive care units. There is a tendency for turnover leave (p = 0.03). After the intervention of the overall plan, the turnover rate of new graduate nurses within three months was 12.6%, and the one-year retention rate was 87.9%. The adaptive education program uses multiple support strategies to improve learning and professional abilities, to reduce psychological emotions, and thereby to increase retention. Today will face new medical challenges; the education programs will become more important across clinical care settings, and it will be important to rigorously validate their performance in helping NGNs.

Psychological health problems among Syrians during war and the COVID-19 pandemic: national survey.

This study aims to assess the prevalence of depression and anxiety during the COVID-19 outbreak embedded within the war in Syria. A web-based cross-sectional survey design was employed. The 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire and the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale revealed a high prevalence of depressive (n = 3326; 83.4%) and anxiety symptoms (n = 2777; 69.6%) among the 3989 participants. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with depression and anxiety. There is an urgent need within the healthcare system in Syria to provide mental healthcare to alleviate acute mental health disturbances and associated physical health perceptions among Syrians.

198 COVID-19 Pandemic Nightmares at the US-Mexico Border

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic has impacted individuals in many ways, including anecdotal reports of nightmares. However, little data exists regarding the experience of COVID-related nightmares, especially among the distressed population at the US-Mexico Border. This is especially relevant given the clinical importance of nightmares as risk factors for poor mental health and sleep disturbances.MethodsParticipants were N=155 individuals who completed the Nogales Cardiometabolic Health and Sleep (NOCHES) and were contacted about completing a COVID sub-study (95% Hispanic/Latino). Participants were asked for the number of nightmares that they have experienced since the pandemic started. They were also asked whether they had nightmares about confinement, claustrophobia, suffocation, oppression, drowning, failure, helplessness, natural disasters, anxiety, evil forces, war, separation from loved ones, being chased, sickness, death, COVID, and apocalypse. They were also asked whether they experienced, due to the pandemic, increased general, financial, food, housing, familial, relationship, and media-related stress. Each of these items was coded from 0 (“Strongly Disagree”) to 3 (“Strongly Agree”), with total scores ranging from 0-21. Regression analyses (linear for frequency and binary logistic for content) examined stress score as independent variable, adjusted for age, sex, financial status, education, and mental health (PHQ4).ResultsThose who experienced greater pandemic-related stress reported more nightmares (age/sex-adjusted B=0.23, p<0.0005, fully-adjusted B=0.23, p<0.0005). They were also more likely to have nightmares about confinement (adjusted odds ratio [OR]=1.69, p=0.008), suffocation (OR=1.41, p=0.020), failure (OR=1.23, p=0.049), being chased (OR=1.24, p=0.013), sickness (OR=1.26, p=0.022), and COVID (OR=1.37, p=0.003).ConclusionThose who experienced more pandemic-related stress reported more nightmares, even after adjusting for depression/anxiety symptoms. In addition, those with more pandemic-related stress were more likely to have nightmares about COVID itself, as well as confinement and suffocation, being chased, failure, and sickness in general. Perhaps efforts to reduce pandemic-related stress will reduce these nightmare experiences, which may have beneficial effects on other areas of mental health.Support (if any)R01MD011600, R01DA051321

Policing and Mental Health: The Current Criminal Justice Approach to a Public Health Issue

One source of unrest in modern society is the traditional criminal justice approach towards mental health issues, made evident by public protests and media highlights of police brutality. While public perceptions of mental health issues evolve, law enforcement interactions show failures to implement nuanced avenues to protect people undergoing crises. This paper examines the relationship between law enforcement and public health issues to develop more efficient avenues than those currently in place. All involved parties experience negative consequences when police departments bear the responsibility for addressing public health issues. Lack of police training in mental health disturbances and scarcity of alternative resources leave those suffering from underlying issues in the jail and prison systems without support. Legislation targeting drug-related crimes harms individuals suffering with addiction that would benefit from recovery support systems. Mentally ill and homeless individuals witness these downfalls as well. Law enforcement currently plays a vital role in these discrepancies and requires change. The potential trauma inflicted by police encounters can benefit from implementing mental health positions within police departments. Possible alternatives for police to steer people away from the criminal justice system include diversion programs and supportive housing initiatives.

Association between atopic dermatitis and headaches throughout childhood and adolescence-A longitudinal birth cohort study.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is associated with sleep disturbance, psychosocial distress, anxiety, depression, and atopic comorbidities, which may be associated with increased headaches. Our objective was to understand the association of AD and comorbid asthma, sleep and mental health disturbances with headaches throughout childhood and adolescence. Data were analyzed from The Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, a longitudinal birth cohort study of 4898 urban children born in 1998-2000. AD was associated with headaches at age 5 (adjusted odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: 2.14 [1.27-3.59]), 9 (1.69 [1.27-2.27]) and 15 years (1.71 [1.37-2.14]). AD at age 9 was associated with higher odds of subsequent headaches at age 15 (1.36 [1.05-1.76]). Children with AD at two (1.60 [1.12-2.29]) or all three (1.79 [1.16-2.75]) study-waves had higher odds of headaches at age 15 years. In multivariable repeated measures logistic regression models, significant two-way interactions were found for AD with sleep disturbance (4.59 [3.15-6.69]), attention deficit (hyperactivity) disorder (2.85 [1.87-4.35]), asthma (2.87 [2.18-3.76]), anxiety (2.47 [1.76-3.48]) or depression (2.86 [1.89-4.34]) as predictors of headaches. Children and adolescents with AD, particularly those with sleep disturbances, atopic and mental health comorbidities, had increased headaches. Persistent childhood AD was associated with headaches in adolescence.

LSD use in the United States: Trends, correlates, and a typology of us

BackgroundRecent years have witnessed an increased interest in LSD. This study investigates current information on the trends and correlates of LSD use from years 2002–2018 and seeks to develop an initial typology of use and misuse. MethodsData is taken from the NSDUH (National Survey on Drug Use and Health) collected between 2002 and 2018 and trends and correlates of LSD use were analyzed with a survey adjusted logistic regression. ResultsOur findings indicate that LSD use has increased 200 % over the study period (.23 % 2002−2005 to .72 % 2015−2018, AOR = 1.10, 95 % CI = 1.08, 1.12). Our findings also indicate several correlates of LSD use including higher levels of education (college degrees: AOR = 1.62, 95 % CI = 1.23, 2.13), not being married (divorced or separated, AOR = 2.31, 95 % CI = 1.44, 3.73, and have never been married, AOR = 5.67, f 95 % CI = 4.09, 7.86), as well as higher levels of antisocial behavior (having been arrested AOR = 3.20, 95 % CI = 2.50, 4.09) and comorbid mental health and substance abuse disorders (serious psychological distress, AOR = 2.39, 95 % CI = 2.05, 2.80). Further, four distinct subclasses were also discovered within LSD users and two of these subtypes of LSD users contained comorbid mental health disturbances and heavy involvement in the criminal justice system. ConclusionLSD use has been on the rise within the last decades, particularly among those who are well educated. Two subclasses of LSD use (those with severe comorbid mental health disorders and those with criminal justice involvement) may require further interventions.

413 Association between atopic dermatitis and headaches throughout childhood and adolescence – A longitudinal study

Atopic Dermatitis (AD) is associated with sleep disturbance, psychosocial distress, anxiety, depression, and atopic comorbidities, which may be associated with increased headaches. We aimed to understand the association of AD and comorbid asthma, sleep and mental health disturbances with headaches throughout childhood and adolescence. Data were analyzed from The Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, a longitudinal birth cohort study of 4898 urban children born in 1998-2000. AD was associated with headaches at age five (adjusted odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: 2.14 [1.27-3.59]), nine (1.69 [1.27-2.27]) and fifteen years (1.71 [1.37-2.14]).

Assessing the mental health condition of home-confined university level students of Bangladesh due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

AimThe COVID-19 pandemic drove the Government of Bangladesh to shut down educational institutions, which had an enormous effect on the psychological health of students. This study aimed to assess the mental health status of Bangladeshi university students during the lockdown period.Subject and methodsThrough an online-based questionnaire, information was collected from 509 university students of Bangladesh from June 19, 2020, to June 28, 2020, using convenient sampling. K-means clustering was applied to organize students according to their psychological health score, and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was also conducted to determine the association among the student’s activities and their mental health during the pandemic. In addition, these associations were examined through chi-square test and ordinal logistic regression.ResultsStudents were categorized into four categories where 4.32% had mild, 72.7% had moderate, 12.57% had moderately severe, and 10.41% suffered from severe mental health imbalance. The results showed that having family members affected by the coronavirus, facing insecurity, using social media, and smoking habits increased the mental health imbalances of students; in contrast, being worried about studying, future career, spending more time with family members, and participation in household chores reduced the mental health disturbances of students. On the other hand, the results of the ordinal logistic regression indicated that sleeping time and participation in household chores were preventive factors for students.ConclusionThis study reveals that a large proportion of University students of Bangladesh suffered from mental health disturbances during the lockdown period. Implementing mental health plans and providing job security, improved communication approaches toward family members, not flattening illusive news, and preoccupation in household activities may assist to enhance the mental health status of the university students. The authors believe that this study’s findings will be helpful to expedite the rate of attaining the sustainable development goal associated with health status in Bangladesh.

From mentee to mentor: Becoming an early career professor in psychiatry

In the last years several social, economic and scientific changes have occurred, which have had a significant impact on psychiatric clinical practice, research and training. Some traditional syndromes seem to be disappeared, while new forms of mental health problems are coming to psychiatric consultation. The psychosocial distress caused by the current ongoing crisis due to the COVID-19 or the maladaptive use of the new technologies among the younger generation, are some good examples of psychosocial factors causing new mental health disturbances. Psychiatrists and mental health professionals are not yet well-equipped for managing these, which represent major unmet needs in modern clinical practice. Furthermore, in this evolving social context, the societal role of psychiatrists is completely changed, moving from being “alienist” working in asylums to “mental health care providers” working in the communities. The role of psychiatrists is to improve global mental health and to promote well-being in the general population according to a life-span perspective. Nowadays, early career psychiatrists report several unmet needs that we are not able to manage. In this symposium, I will describe my personal experience of moving from my role of mentee to mentor.DisclosureNo significant relationships.

Tokophobia or post-traumatic stress disorder ? about a tunisian case

IntroductionPregnancy and delivery are considered to be an important transition stage in a woman’s life. Although this experience is emotionally rich, it varies from one person to another and each woman goes through it in her own way.Objectivesdiscuss the psychiatric outcomes after a childbirth with somatic complications.Methodscase reportResultsMrs X is a 32 years old woman, she has no particular history of illness until she gave birth to her son. He is now three and a half years old and he is an outpatient at the child and teen psychiatry department in a Tunisian hospital. After her delivery, Mrs X had several physical and psychological complications. She was hospitalized in the cardiology department for cardiomyopathy of Meadows for three weeks among it one week in the medical reanimation ward because she needed respiratory assistance. Furthermore, she suffered of left femoral head’s necrosis for which she was operated, and a total hip prosthesis replacement was done. Psychologically, Mrs X. presented a postpartum depression which resolved in its own after 9 months. Ever Since the childbirth, the patient presents symptoms concording with post-traumatic stress disorder and symptoms that may be linked to a specific phobia (fear of birthchild or tokophobia).ConclusionsIn addition to the usual health care provided to women during pregnancy and after childbirth, looking for mental health disturbances and eventually referring them for psychiatric assessment is important specially for women who have experienced traumatic events during the pregnancy or the deliveryConflict of interestNo significant relationships.

SPIRITUAL CARE IN NURSING

Although the concept of spirituality is highly individualized and defined by patients in a variety of ways, religious beliefs and values exert a deep influence on how patients perceive illness, make decisions, cope with the burden of the disease, and adhere to treatment. When a person confront disturbance in faith and merit system which have signify life, provides hope and power, boredom appears. The person who has mental health disturbance has problems such as hopeless, powerless, uneasiness with life, disturbance in self-respect and finding life is meaningless. One of the duties of nurses is to support patients to cope with patience experiments and find meaning for life with holistic approach when knowledge and power of patients are fallen short. Spiritual concept which is one of fundamental concept of holistic care is as important as person’s physical, emotional, social aspect. Research on spiritual well-being has suggested that it can directly impact physical and emotional outcomes, and is of great importance to patients. However, by nurses blinding importance of spiritual maintenance, lack of presentation ability for this maintenance, messing religion and spirituality, undesirability of spiritual care or considering an unscientific approach causes ignoring of spiritual care. In this article, there are informations about importance of spiritual care for psychiatry nursing, spiritual needs of individuals, knowledge levels of psychiatry nurses about spiritual needs and psychosocial abilities to give spiritual maintenance.

Sleep and Mental Health Disturbances Due to Social Isolation during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Mexico.

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) that broke out in China in December 2019 rapidly became a worldwide pandemic. In Mexico, the conditions requiring the declaration of a sanitary emergency were reached by the last week of March 2020, and health authorities’ limited mobility and imposed social isolation were the main strategies to keep the virus from spreading. Thus, daily living conditions changed drastically in a few days, generating a stressful situation characterized by an almost complete lack of mobility, social isolation, and forced full-time interactions with family members. Soon, complaints of sleep disturbances, anxiety, and symptoms of depression were reported. The present study reports the results of an online survey performed during the first two months of isolation. Questionnaires exploring sleep disturbances, anxiety, and depression were sent to people who responded to an open invitation. A total of 1230 participants filled out the sleep questionnaire, 812 responded to the anxiety questionnaire, and 814 responded to the depression questionnaire. Both men and women reported poor sleep quality, but women showed a higher proportion (79%) than men (60%); young women were more likely to be affected by social isolation. Concerning anxiety and depression, both sexes reported high similar symptoms. These data suggest that stressful conditions related to social isolation and the economic uncertainty caused by the pandemic may induce mental health disturbances, which may become worse with sleep restriction.

COVID‐19 pandemic impact on urology residencies in Asia ‐ An observational study

AbstractObjectiveThe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid‐19) pandemic affected surgical training in many ways. This observational study was carried out to evaluate the impact of Covid‐19 on urological residencies across Asia.MethodologyAn open‐ended survey questionnaire examining key areas in a urology training program was distributed to several urologists in Asia. The survey evaluated seven areas including the burden of Covid‐19 disease, the need for re‐deployment of residents, the impact on clinical work, the effect on research work for residents, the delivery of teaching to the residents, the impact on training and assessments, the effects on mental, personal health and social welfare of residents.ResultsReports from 11 Asian countries were analysed. There is stark variability in Covid‐19 disease burden across Asia. Re‐deployment occurred in selected Asian countries. Affected residents reported challenges obtaining personal protective equipment and training. Clinical workload and research were generally reduced except for countries reporting low volume Covid‐19 cases. Residents teaching evolved from in‐person to online platforms. Almost all residency program postponed their examinations. Mental health disturbance was more pronounced than personal health.ConclusionsThe Covid‐19 pandemic presented multiple obstacles to Asian urology residencies. The understanding of these challenges will assist program directors in developing mitigating measures.

Children mental health in Bandung during COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study

A significant threat to mental health emerged in children during COVID-19. This study aims to identify the effects of COVID-19 on the mental health of children in Bandung while studying at home. The cross-sectional study was conducted online from August 28 to September 4, 2020, among 426 parents who had at least one child aged 5 to 15 years. Moreover, K-means clustering was used to group 4 categories based on mental health disturbances, and confirmation factors analysis was performed to identify the relationship between parenting behaviour and children's mental health, then assessed by the chi-square test. Children were divided into four groups, in which 52% had sub-threshold mental disorders (mean Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)-10; 2.45), 32% had a mild (mean MDD-10; 5.31), 13% had a moderate (mean MDD-10; 12.5), and 3% of the children had severe (mean MDD-10; 15.3). The percentage of mental disorders in children is higher in children with a higher educational level of the parents, families contracted COVID-19 and abnormal behaviour of the parents. This paper shows the low proportion of children suffering from mental disorders in Bandung during the pandemic. Applying psychological intervention strategies and improving household financial conditions, parenting literacy, childcare and job security can all help improve children's psychological status.