Mental Abnormalities Research Articles

Mechanism of imipenem-induced mental disorder: A meta-analysis.

Imipenem is a highly effective carbapenem antibiotic, which is widely used in the treatment of many serious bacterial infections. At the same time, it can also cause some adverse reactions, mental abnormalities are the most concerned central nervous system adverse reactions. Different patients respond differently to imipenem, and the effect of imipenem on psychiatric disorders is unclear. Therefore, meta-analysis summarizing the results of multiple previous studies can provide stronger evidence support for clinical guidelines to guide clinical rational use of imipenem to minimize risks. To systematically review the effects of imipenem on mental-health disorders. Method in Cochrane Library, Web of science, PubMed, ProQuest, and China's biomedical literature databases Wanfang, Weipu and China HowNet, the related literatures about the controlled trials of imipenem-induced mental disorders from the establishment of the database to May 2024 were searched; the included literatures were analyzed using RevMan 5.4 software; and the heterogeneity among the studies was also discussed. After reviewing the literature published between 2003 and 2017, seven controlled trials with a total of 550 patients were included, with 273 and 277 patients in the control and experimental groups, respectively. The sample size of the study ranged from a minimum of 30 cases to a maximum of 61 cases. Patients in the experimental group were treated with imipenem while the control group was treated with conventional drugs. Meta-analysis showed that the incidence of mental disorders in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group (odds ratio = 3.66, 95% confidence interval: 1.11-12.11, P = 0.030); however, there was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups (odds ratio = 0.05, 95% confidence interval: 0.00 to 0.10, P = 0.060). Funnel diagrams showed that the scattered points of each study were symmetrical and distributed in an inverted funnel shape; therefore, there was no publication bias. Imipenem can cause mental disorders in patients. However, the low quality of the included literature may have affected the final results. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a high-quality randomized controlled study with multiple samples to further confirm the mechanism of imipenem-induced mental disorders and provide effective guidance for clinical treatment.

Anti-GABAB receptor encephalitis: clinical and laboratory characteristics, imaging, treatments and prognosis.

Anti-GABABR encephalitis is a rare disease reported to be often associated with tumors. The current study aims to summarize the clinical characteristics, imaging features, treatments, outcomes and explore the potential prognosis risk factors of patients with anti-GABABR encephalitis. Patients tested positive for anti-GABABR were retrospective studied from a single medical center in China over a period of 3 years. They were followed up for a maximum period of 18 months. Clinical data were summarized and prognostic factors including demographic characteristics, laboratory tests, and neurological functions were compared between survived and deceased patients at 18 months follow-up. Twenty-six patients, 10 females (38.5%) and 16 males (61.5%), diagnosed with anti-GABABR encephalitis were studied. The median age was 58 years. Of the 23 cases with complete clinical data, their main manifestations were epileptic seizures (65%), mental and behavioral abnormalities (52%), and cognitive impairment (48%). 7 (30.4%) cases had tumors: 5 small cell lung cancer (SCLC), 1 rectum adenocarcinoma (moderately differentiated) and 1 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. MRI showed 5 (22%) cases had T2 FLAIR increased signals in cortex but with different regions affected. One of the two patients scanned for PET-CT showed hypermetabolism in the left temporal lobe region. The disease course ranged from 5 days to 3 years. 2 patients (one had esophageal carcinoma) without immunotherapy and 3 patients (one had SCLC) that did not response to immunotherapy died soon after diagnosis. 18 patients improved after immunotherapy while 3 (all had SCLC) died after relapses. The prevalence of epileptic seizures and malignancies was significantly lower in the survival group than in the deceased group at 18-months follow-up, the same as the admission mRs score. Serum fibrinogen, cerebrospinal fluid immunoglobulin G quotient, and 24-hour intrathecal synthesis rate were significantly lower in the survival groups as well. Cortex T2 FLAIR abnormalities were only observed in a small proportion of anti-GABABR encephalitis patients with heterogeneous MRI phenotypes. High mRS score at admission, epileptic seizures and the presence of a tumor indicated a poor prognosis, while the underlying mechanism of the later two factors should be investigated further.

Analysis of the impact of underlying diseases in the elderly on postoperative re-fractures after osteoporotic compression fractures

BackgroundPostoperative refracture of osteoporotic compression fractures in the elderly due to underlying illnesses is a complicated matter involving several variables. A multidisciplinary approach involving orthopedics, geriatrics, endocrinology, and rehabilitation medicine is necessary for an investigation of these issues. investigating the impact of older patients’ underlying medical conditions on the refracture of osteoporotic compression fractures following surgery.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted on 2383 patients between August 2013 and August 2023. 550 patients with comorbid geriatric underlying diseases were screened, 183 patients underwent refractories, and 367 patients were classified as non-refractories. The patients were then divided into two groups: those undergoing refractories and those not, and the underlying diseases of the patients in both groups were examined using ROC curves and unifactorial and multifactorial logistic regression analyses.ResultsAmong the patients gathered, the frequency of re-fracture was 33.3%. A statistically significant difference was observed when re-fracture was linked to patients with long-term alcohol consumption, operated vertebrae ≤ 1, hypertension, COPD, diabetes mellitus, stroke sequelae, conservative treatment of coronary heart disease, trauma, mental abnormality, scoliosis, and chronic renal disease. Having hypertension decreased the risk of re-fracture (P = 0.018, OR = 0.548), while alcohol intake ≥ 10years (P = 0.003, OR = 2.165), mental abnormality (P < 0.001, OR = 4.093), scoliosis (P < 0.001, OR = 6.243), chronic kidney disease (P = 0.002, OR = 2.208), and traumatic injuries (P = 0.029, OR = 3.512) were the risk factors examined in a binary logistic regression analysis. The results of multiple linear stepwise regression analysis indicated that re-fracture was more influenced by scoliosis.ConclusionsHypertensive disorders were protective factors against the formation of re-fracture, while alcohol intake usage for more than ten years, psychological abnormalities, scoliosis, chronic kidney disease, and trauma were risk factors. Scoliosis had the highest influence on re-fracture.

Characteristics and prognosis of LGI1 antibody encephalitis

Objectives: To investigate clinical manifestations and outcomes of patients with LGI1 autoimmune encephalitis. Methods: A total of 12 patients who were diagnosed with LGI1 autoimmune encephalitis were retrospectively analyzed between 2018 and 2022 at the Department of Neurology of the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University. Clinical characteristics, laboratory examinations, electroencephalograms, brain magnetic resonance images and prognosis were assessed. The clinical data were collected by searching through electronic medical records. Results: Among 12 patients, 8 were male and 4 were female. The average age at disease onset was 61.8 years (24–83). The most common clinical symptoms were seizures (n=10), cognitive dysfunction (n=8), and mental behavioral disorders (n=8). A total of 9 cases had hyponatremia. Brain MRI and electroencephalographic were abnormal in 7 patients each. All patients were treated with first line immunotherapy. Most patients responded well and 3 patients relapsed on follow-up. Conclusion: Characteristic features of LGI1 antibody encephalitis include subacute onset cognitive impairment, seizures, faciobrachial dystonic seizures (FBDS), and mental and behavioral abnormalities. Especially, FBDS and hyponatremia suggest LGI1-antibody encephalitis. Therefore, early identification and immunotherapy may prevent cognitive impairment and improve prognosis.

Konflik Keluarga dalam Novel Lebih Senyap Dari Bisikan karya Andina Dwifatma

This research aims to describe the form of family conflict, describe the causes of family conflict, and describe the impact of family conflict in the novel Lebih Senyap dari Bisikan by Andina Dwifatma. The data source of this research is the novel Lebih Senyap dari Bisikan by Andina Dwifatma. This type of research is literary research and the method used in this research is descriptive method. The results of this study are classified as follows (1) family conflict forms are found, namely husband and wife conflict and child conflict with parents, (2) family conflict causes are found from personality immaturity; the presence of incompatible personality traits; mental abnormalities; finance or economy; household chores; childcare; and interaction within the family, (3) and the impact of family conflict is found, namely mental health; physical health; and family health.

Other Specified Paraphilic Disorder: Patterns of Use in Sexually Violent Predator Evaluations.

"Sexually violent predator" (SVP) legislation requires, in part, that an individual has a mental abnormality that causes difficulty in controlling sexual behavior. Previous research has found paraphilia not otherwise specified (NOS) as one of the most prevalent diagnoses proffered in SVP evaluations. However, the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-5) modified paraphilia NOS diagnosis in two ways. First, this diagnosis was divided into two new diagnostic categories: other specified paraphilic disorder (OSPD) and unspecified paraphilic disorder. Second, OSPD required an added specifier to indicate the individual's source of sexual arousal. To date, no study has systematically explored how the revision to paraphilia NOS has affected diagnoses within SVP evaluations. The current study explored the frequency and diagnostic reliability of paraphilic disorders in a sample of 190 adult men evaluated for SVP civil commitment using the DSM-5. Results indicated that OSPD was the second most common paraphilic disorder, next to pedophilic disorder. However, there was poor to fair agreement (kappa= 0.21,p< .01) between independent evaluators in providing this diagnosis. Additionally, the two most common OSPD specifiers were non-consent and hebephilia, despite recent debate and rejection of these constructs from the DSM-5. While these constructs were the most prevalent, the specifiers contained quite varied terminology, suggesting vague diagnostic tendencies within these evaluations. Given that the presence of a mental abnormality is the cornerstone to the constitutionality of SVP commitment, diagnostic practices should be based in reliable and valid techniques.

Study of the immune disorder and metabolic dysregulation underlying mental abnormalities caused by exposure to narrow confined spaces

Prolonged confinement in cramped spaces can lead to derangements in brain function/structure, yet the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. To investigate, we subjected mice to restraint stress to simulate long-term narrow and enclosed space confinement, assessing their mental state through behavioral tests. Stressed mice showed reduced center travel and dwell time in the Open Field Test and increased immobility in the Tail Suspension Test. We measured lower hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels and cortical monoamine neurotransmitters (5-HT and NE) in the stressed group. Further examination of the body’s immune levels and serum metabolism revealed immune dysregulation and metabolic imbalance in the stressed group. The results of the metabolic network regulation analysis indicate that the targets affected by these differential metabolites are involved in several metabolic pathways that the metabolites themselves participate in, such as the “long-term depression” and “purine metabolism” pathways. Additionally, these targets are also associated with numerous immune-related pathways, such as the TNF, NF-κB, and IL-17 signaling pathways, and these findings were validated using GEO dataset analysis. Molecular docking results suggest that differential metabolites may regulate specific immune factors such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, and these results were confirmed in experiments. Our research findings suggest that long-term exposure to confined and narrow spaces can lead to the development of psychopathologies, possibly mediated by immune system dysregulation and metabolic disruption.

The Research on Individual Differentiated Mental Abnormality of Disabled Children and the Application of Art Therapy

The Research on Individual Differentiated Mental Abnormality of Disabled Children and the Application of Art Therapy

Research progress in treatment of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome with traditional Chinese medicine

Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome(CP/CPPS) is a common urological disease with complex etiology. The treatment effect of western medicine is not satisfactory, and the course of the disease is protracted, which brings great trouble to patients. Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) has a variety of treatment methods based on syndrome differentiation and treatment, including internal treatment with TCM, acupuncture and massage, and other external treatment methods for comprehensive treatment, with significant effect. This study summarized the etiology and pathogenesis of CP/CPPS and found that western medicine cannot fully explain the etiology and pathogenesis of CP/CPPS. It was believed that CP/CPPS was mainly related to many factors such as special pathogen infection, voiding dysfunction, mental and psychological abnormalities, neuroendocrine abnormalities, immune abnormalities, excessive oxidative stress, pelvic diseases, and heredity. TCM believed that CP/CPPS was caused by damp heat, blood stasis, Qi stagnation, and poisoning and was closely related to the organs of the liver, spleen, kidney, lung, stomach, bladder, and meridians of Chong and Ren channels and three yin channels of the foot. In the treatment of TCM, multiple comprehensive treatment plans are currently used, including internal treatment with TCM(decoction, proprietary Chinese medicine, and unique therapies of famous doctors), acupuncture and massage treatment, and other external treatment methods(rectal administration, topical application of TCM, and ear acupoint pressure). Comprehensive regulation has significant clinical efficacy and prominent characteristics of TCM, and it is worth clinical promotion. This study aims to provide a reference for clinical prevention and treatment of CP/CPPS and points out potential directions for future research in this field.

Abnormal H3K4 enzyme catalytic activity and neuronal morphology caused by ASH1L mutations in individuals with Tourette syndrome.

ASH1L potentially contributes to Tourette syndrome (TS) and other neuropsychiatric disorders, as our previous studies have shown. It regulates essential developmental genes by counteracting polycomb-mediated transcriptional repression, which restricts chromatin accessibility at target genes. ASH1L is highly expressed in the adult brain, playing a crucial role in the early stage. However, it remains unclear how ASH1L mutations carried by patients with TS participate in regulating neuronal growth processes leading to TS traits. Five TS families recruited in our study underwent comprehensive physical examinations and questionnaires to record clinical phenotypes and environmental impact factors. We validated the variants via Sanger sequencing and constructed two mutants near the catalytic domain of ASH1L. We conducted molecular modeling, in vitro assays, and primary neuron cultures to find the role of ASH1L in neuronal development and its correlation with TS. In this study, we validated five pathogenic ASH1L rare variants and observed symptoms in patients with simple tics and behavioral comorbidities. Mutations near the catalytic domain of TS patients cause mental state abnormalities and disrupt ASH1L function by destabilizing its spatial conformation, leading to decreased activity of catalytic H3K4, thereby affecting the neurite growth. We need to conduct larger-scale studies on TS patients and perform additional neurological evaluations on mature neurons. We first reported the effects of ASH1L mutations in TS patients, including phenotypic heterogeneity, protein function, and neurological growth. This information contributes to understanding the neurodevelopmental pathogenesis of TS in patients with ASH1L mutations.

Heatstroke: a multicenter study in Southwestern China.

An increase in Heatstroke cases occurred in southwest China in 2022 due to factors like global warming, abnormal temperature rise, insufficient power supply, and other contributing factors. This resulted in a notable rise in Heatstroke patients experiencing varying degrees of organ dysfunction. This descriptive study aims to analyze the epidemiology and clinical outcomes of Heatstroke patients in the ICU, providing support for standardized diagnosis and treatment, ultimately enhancing the prognosis of Heatstroke. A retrospective, multicenter, descriptive analysis was conducted on Heatstroke patients admitted to ICUs across 83 hospitals in southwest China. Electronic medical records were utilized for data collection, encompassing various aspects such as epidemiological factors, onset symptoms, complications, laboratory data, concurrent infections, treatments, and patient outcomes. The dataset primarily comprised classic heatstroke, with 477 males (55% of total). The patient population had a median age of 72 years (range: 63-80 years). The most common initial symptoms were fever, mental or behavioral abnormalities, and fainting. ICU treatment involved respiratory support, antibiotics, sedatives, and other interventions. Among the 700 ICU admissions, 213 patients had no infection, while 487 were diagnosed with infection, predominantly lower respiratory tract infection. Patients presenting with neurological symptoms initially (n = 715) exhibited higher ICU mortality risk compared to those without neurological symptoms (n = 104), with an odds ratio of 2.382 (95% CI 1.665, 4.870) (p = 0.017). In 2022, the majority of Heatstroke patients in southwest China experienced classical Heatstroke, with many acquiring infections upon admission to the ICU. Moreover, Heatstroke can result in diverse complications.

Huanglian Jiedu decoction alleviates neurobehavioral damage in mice with chronic alcohol exposure through the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK pathway

ObjectiveLong-term alcohol consumption can cause organic damage to the brain, resulting in mental and nervous system abnormalities and intellectual impairment. Huanglian Jiedu decoction (HLJDD) is the classic representative of clearing heat and detoxifying. This study aimed to explore the effects and possible mechanisms of HLJDD on brain injury in chronic alcohol-exposed mice. MethodsThe alcohol-exposed mice were treated with different doses of HLJDD to observe behavioral changes, hippocampal Aβ1-42 deposition, number and ultrastructural changes of neurons in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, and expressions of synaptic proteins. On this basis, transcriptome sequencing was used to analyze the differentially expressed genes in different treatment groups, and functional enrichment analysis was performed. Then, WB and RT-PCR were used to verify the expression of the pathway. ResultsChronic alcohol exposure reduced body weight in mice, led to motor cognitive impairment, increased Aβ1-42 in the hippocampus, decreased the number of neurons in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, and the expression of PSD95 and SYN in the hippocampus. HLJDD significantly improved the cognitive dysfunction of mice and alleviated the damage of the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Transcriptome sequencing results showed that the regulatory effects of HLJDD on chronic alcohol-exposed mice may be related to the RAS pathway. Further experiments confirmed that chronic alcohol exposure caused a significant increase in protein and gene expressions of the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK pathway in mouse, and this activation was reversed by HLJDD. ConclusionHLJDD may ameliorate brain damage caused by chronic alcohol exposure by regulating the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK pathway.

Clinical manifestation and imaging diagnostic analysis of fat embolism syndrome

To explore characteristics of clinical and imaging findings in patients with fat embolism syndrome. From January 2021 to October 2022,clinical manifestations of 13 patients with fat embolism due to fracture or orthopaedic surgery were retrospectively analyzed,including 11 males and 2 females,aged from 17 to 60 years old. Mental and respiratory abnormalities and changes in vital signs occurred after admission or after surgery,and patient's chest and brain imaging results were abnormal. The patient's mental and respiratory abnormalities,vital signs,chest and brain imaging results were continuously monitored. The main clinical manifestations of fat embolism syndrome were abnormal pulmonary respiration in 13 patients,abnormal central nervous function in 7 patients,and spotted rash in 2 patients. Chest CT showed diffuse distribution of ground glass shadows in 13 patients,and severe symptoms were "snowstorm". Nine patients with ground glass fusion consolidation,5 patients with multiple nodules and 4 patients accompanied by bilateral pleural effusion. Head CT findings of 5 patients were negative,and head MRI findings of 1 patient showed multiple T1WI low signal,T2WI high signal shadow,DWI high signal shadow,and "starry sky sign" in basal ganglia,radiative crown,hemioval center,thalamus,frontal parietal cortex and subcortex. Fat embolism syndrome has a high mortality rate. Clinical manifestations of respiratory system and nervous system are not specific,and the skin spot rash has a characteristic manifestation. The "blizzard" sign is the specific manifestation of chest X-ray and CT examination of fat embolism,and the "starry sky" sign is the typical manifestation of diffusion-weighted sequence of brain MRI examination of fat embolism.

Machine learning based on functional and structural connectivity in mild cognitive impairment

ObjectiveAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic, degenerative neurological disorder characterized by progressive cognitive decline and mental behavioral abnormalities. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is regarded as a transitional stage in the progression from normal elderly individuals to patients with AD. While studies have identified abnormalities in brain connectivity in patients with MCI, including functional and structural connectivity, accurately identifying patients with MCI in clinical screening remains challenging. We hypothesized that utilizing machine learning (ML) based on both functional and structural connectivity could yield meaningful results in distinguishing between patients with MCI and normal elderly individuals, so as to provide valuable information for early diagnosis and precise evaluation of patients with MCI. MethodsFollowing clinical criteria, we recruited 32 patients with MCI for the patient group, and 32 normal elderly individuals for the control group. All subjects underwent examinations for resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Subsequently, significant functional and structural connectivity features were selected and combined with a support vector machine for classification of the patient and control groups. ResultsWe observed significantly different functional connectivity in the frontal lobe and putamen between the MCI group and normal controls. The results based on functional connectivity features demonstrated a classification accuracy of 71.88% and an area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.78. In terms of structural connectivity, we found that decreased fractional anisotropy in patients with MCI was significantly associated with Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores, specifically in regions such as the precuneus and cingulate gyrus. The classification results using the structural connectivity feature yielded an accuracy of 92.19% and an AUC value of 0.99. Lastly, combining functional and structural connectivity features resulted in a classification accuracy and AUC value of 93.75% and 0.99, respectively. ConclusionsIn this study, we demonstrated a high classification performance, underscoring the potential of both brain functional and structural connectivity in distinguishing patients with MCI from normal elderly individuals. Furthermore, the integration of functional connectivity and structural connectivity features indicated that utilizing rs-fMRI and DTI could enhance the accuracy and specificity of identifying patients with MCI compared with relying on a single neuroimaging technique.

Reexamining predictors of trial outcomes in New York State's sex offender civil management process.

In 2007, New York enacted the Sex Offender Management and Treatment Act, empowering the state to civilly manage individuals who have committed sexual offenses (respondents) and are deemed to have a mental abnormality (MA) that predisposes them to sexually recidivate after serving their criminal sentences. We sought to replicate and extend a previous study (Lu et al., 2015) to identify factors predicting legal decisions. We predicted, on the basis of previous research, that clinical information (e.g., diagnosis) as well as empirically supported risk factors (e.g., sexual deviance) would predict trial outcomes. We analyzed multiple pieces of demographic, criminogenic, and clinical data on three nested subsamples of respondents on the basis of the legal process: MA consent (n = 713), MA trial (n = 316), and disposition hearing (n = 643). The binary outcomes of interest were as follows: For the MA consent subsample, it was whether the respondent waived their MA trial; for the MA trial subsample, it was whether the respondent was found at trial to have an MA; and for the disposition hearing, it was whether the respondent was ordered to inpatient or outpatient civil management. The strongest predictor of waiving the trial was geographic location; respondents outside New York City and Long Island were more likely to waive their trials (ORs = 2.38-3.37). The strongest predictors of MA trial and disposition hearing outcomes were Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders diagnoses; pedophilia (ORs = 4.05-7.22) and sexual sadism (ORs = 2.68-7.03) diagnoses increased the likelihood of an MA finding and confinement order. Judges and juries give significant weight to clinical information, particularly pedophilia diagnoses, when making civil management legal decisions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Exploring the teaching mode of college students’ psychological education under artificial intelligence technology guided by cognitive-behavioral theory

Abstract Under the current background of increasingly fierce social competition, the psychological pressure of college student groups is increasing, and mental health problems are becoming more and more significant. Based on the cognitive model of mental health and the theory of cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy, this paper constructs a comprehensive mental health education mechanism covering school, family and society. A mental health abnormality detection device was developed in the study, which integrates a mental health detection model and an early warning mechanism, aiming to detect students’ mental health problems in time. Empirical Analysis shows that the recognition accuracy of the mental health abnormality detection model constructed in this study is as high as 0.8748. Regarding the assessment of teaching effectiveness, the pre- and posttest changes in the mental health scores of the control group and the experimental group are significant, with the test value of the difference between the control group being 1.242, while that of the experimental group is 6.480. The average posttest score of the experimental group is 6.15, which is a decrease of 11.75 compared to that of the control group. This result indicates that the mental health education model proposed in this paper can significantly enhance and effectively improve students’ mental health. This study provides an effective teaching method for college students’ mental health education, which can help guide the practice of mental health education in schools.

A review of the roles of pathogens in Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the leading causes of dementia and is characterized by memory loss, mental and behavioral abnormalities, and impaired ability to perform daily activities. Even as a global disease that threatens human health, effective treatments to slow the progression of AD have not been found, despite intensive research and significant investment. In recent years, the role of infections in the etiology of AD has sparked intense debate. Pathogens invade the central nervous system through a damaged blood-brain barrier or nerve trunk and disrupt the neuronal structure and function as well as homeostasis of the brain microenvironment through a series of molecular biological events. In this review, we summarize the various pathogens involved in AD pathology, discuss potential interactions between pathogens and AD, and provide an overview of the promising future of anti-pathogenic therapies for AD.

Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals association of aberrant placental trophoblasts and FN1 reduction in late-onset fetal growth restriction

IntroductionFetal growth restriction (FGR) can lead to fetal mental development abnormalities, malformations, and even intrauterine death. Defects in the trophoblasts at the maternal-fetal interface may contribute to FGR. However, the impact of trophoblasts on FGR is still not well understood. Therefore, the objective of this study is to characterize the heterogeneity of placental cells at the single-cell level and investigate the role of trophoblast subtypes in the pathogenesis of FGR at the cellular and molecular levels. MethodsSingle-cell RNA sequencing was performed on the maternal side of placentas from two normal pregnant women and two pregnant women with FGR. Lentivirus transfection was used to establish a FN1 knockout model in trophoblast HTR-8-Svneo cells. The effect of FN1 knockout on cell migration and invasion of HTR-8-Svneo cells was assessed through wound healing and transwell assays. ResultsNine cell types were annotated in 39,161 cells derived from single-cell RNA sequencing. The FGR group exhibited a decrease in the percentage of trophoblasts, especially in subtype of extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs). The expression of FN1 was reduced in trophoblasts and EVTs. Furthermore, the protein expression levels of FN1 in the placentas of FGR patients were significantly lower than those of normal pregnant women. The cell migration and invasion ability of HTR-8-Svneo cells were inhibited after the knockdown of FN1. DiscussionThe dysregulation of the trophoblast subtype-EVTs is involved in placental dysplasia related to FGR. The association between aberrant placental trophoblasts and reduced FN1 expression may contribute to insufficient remodeling of spiral arteries and the formation of FGR.

Premenstrual Syndrome, Anxiety, and Depression Among Menstruating Rural Adolescent Girls: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study.

Introduction Menstrual periods in young females can add a new challenge to the already difficult adolescent transition period. Menstrual health concerns can have extreme physical and psychosocial impacts on adolescent girls. Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) are extremely common yet underestimated.Depression in adolescentsis a mental and emotional disorder. The objective of the study was to find out the prevalence of PMS, PMDD, anxiety, and depression among rural menstruating adolescent girls and the factors associated with it. Methods This was a community-based cross-sectional study carried out among 20 rural schools for the period of one year. Sample size was calculated based on previous research. Adolescent females who had menstruated for one year were included and those with primary amenorrhea and previously diagnosed mental health abnormalities were excluded. Becks' Depression Inventory, Hamilton Anxiety Scale, and Premenstrual Symptoms Screening Tool (PSST-A) were used. Data were collected by interview technique and entered in an Excel sheet (Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, Washington, United States), and analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 22.0 (Released 2013; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, United States). Results Out of 430 rural adolescent girls, 180 (41.9%) were 15 years, 277 (64.4%) belonged to nuclear families, 236 (54.9%) exercised less than 30 minutes, 144 (33.5%) had menarche at the age of 13 years, 288 (67%) had regular cycles, 266 (61.9%) had moderate flow during the menstrual cycle, 302 (70.2%) had a flow duration of less than seven days, and 243 (56.5%) had dysmenorrhea. Thirty-eight (8.8%) girls had PMDD and 75 (17.4%) had PMS. Age, family status, severity of menstrual flow, duration of cycle, and presence of dysmenorrhea, depression, and anxiety had a statistically significant association with PMDD. The class/grade in which studying, cycle regularity, flow during the menstrual cycle, duration of the cycle, dysmenorrhea, anxiety, and depression status had a statistically significant association with PMS. Conclusions The menstrual cycle's impact on the mental health of rural adolescent girls should not be ignored and schools can be instrumental in improving their quality of life. Regular counselling and mental health supervision by school teachers and peer groups canbe beneficial.

A global bibliometric and visualized analysis of gait analysis and artificial intelligence research from 1992 to 2022.

Gait is an important basic function of human beings and an integral part of life. Many mental and physical abnormalities can cause noticeable differences in a person's gait. Abnormal gait can lead to serious consequences such as falls, limited mobility and reduced life satisfaction. Gait analysis, which includes joint kinematics, kinetics, and dynamic Electromyography (EMG) data, is now recognized as a clinically useful tool that can provide both quantifiable and qualitative information on performance to aid in treatment planning and evaluate its outcome. With the assistance of new artificial intelligence (AI) technology, the traditional medical environment has undergone great changes. AI has the potential to reshape medicine, making gait analysis more accurate, efficient and accessible. In this study, we analyzed basic information about gait analysis and AI articles that met inclusion criteria in the WoS Core Collection database from 1992-2022, and the VosViewer software was used for web visualization and keyword analysis. Through bibliometric and visual analysis, this article systematically introduces the research status of gait analysis and AI. We introduce the application of artificial intelligence in clinical gait analysis, which affects the identification and management of gait abnormalities found in various diseases. Machine learning (ML) and artificial neural networks (ANNs) are the most often utilized AI methods in gait analysis. By comparing the predictive capability of different AI algorithms in published studies, we evaluate their potential for gait analysis in different situations. Furthermore, the current challenges and future directions of gait analysis and AI research are discussed, which will also provide valuable reference information for investors in this field.