Menstrual Cycle In Young Women Research Articles

The female athlete—reliability of body composition analyses during the female menstrual cycle in young women without hormonal contraception

Abstract Background The menstrual cycle (MC) is characterized by rapid changes of female sexual hormone concentrations with consecutive water retention alterations, which in turn might affect underlying parameters of body composition (BC) analyses in terms of air-displacement plethysmography (ADP) or bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate BC and the assessment’s reproducibility and reliability during the MC. Methods In a repeated measures design with four time points (t1–t4) and a double testing within 10 min at t1 (t1.1–t1.2) covering a complete MC (t1.1: start of menstruation [t1.2: double testing], t2: late follicular, t3: ovulation, t4: mid-luteal), 17 eumenorrheic women without hormonal contraception (age: 24.8 [18.5–33.1] years, body mass index [BMI]: 23.3 [18.0–27.8] kg/m2) were examined by means of ADP (BODPOD GS‑X, Cosmed, Rome, Italy) and BIA (mBCA 515/514, Seca, Hamburg, Germany) in order to determine reliability (intraclass correlation [ICC2.1]) and within-subjects variability (standard error of the measurement [SEM], minimal detectable change [MDC], coefficient of variation [CV%]) covering the complete MC (t1–t4). Results The CV% showed small variations ranging between 0.8 and 2.7%, except for the BIA reactance (4.2%). Reliability was excellent (ICC2.1 > 0.9) for all BC parameters and all intervals (t1.1 vs. t1.2, t2, t3, and t4, respectively), except for the reactance (0.7 > ICC2.1 > 0.55). Conclusion Reproducibility and reliability of BC analyses were not influenced by the MC. Thus, BC of female athletes may be determined irrespective of the phase of their MC. Future research might cover more than one MC or consider women with hormonal contraception or males serving as controls.

Changes in visual evoked potentials during the menstrual cycle in young women

Background: The visual evoked potential (VEP) is a form of an electrical signal. VEP originates from the visual cortex which is located in Brodman areas 17 and 18 of the occipital lobe. VEP is generated in response to stimulation of the retina by light flashes or pattern stimuli. The advent of VEPs in the 1970s first allowed clinicians to assess neural conduction in the optic nerve. There are many factors that affect VEP such as age and gender; one among them is the hormonal factor. Ovarian and thyroid hormones are vital factors in the generation of olfactory, taste, visual, and auditory neuronal activity. The ovarian hormones progesterone and estrogen play a major role in the conduction of the optic nerve. Aims and Objectives: The aims and objectives of the study are to evaluate the influence of ovarian hormones in the VEPs. Materials and Methods: Among the 1st year medical students, 26 young females (18–20 years of age) were randomly selected. Informed consent was obtained from them and the institutional ethical committee approved the study. Students having regular menstrual periods for the past 6 months with normal visual acuity were included. Those with a history of polycystic ovarian disease, having irregular periods, under hormonal treatment were excluded from the study. Detailed history helps in identifying the proliferative and secretory phases of the menstrual cycle. The P100 wave latency of VEPs was recorded during these two different phases. Results: An unpaired t-test was used for analyzing the data. While comparing the proliferative and secretory phases, P100 wave latency was significantly reduced in the proliferative phase (101±3.6 vs. 97.9 ± 1.43 ms; P < 0.0001). Conclusion: The receptor sensitivity in the visual pathways to dopamine is increased by estrogen which in turn leads to a decrease in the time taken by the visual impulses to reach the visual cortex. Progesterone antagonizes estrogen activity in the central nervous system. Therefore, estrogen is responsible for the reduction in latency during the proliferative phase and progesterone is responsible for the prolonged VEP latency in the secretory phase. Thus, the excitability of the visual system is influenced by the ovarian hormones.

The Relationship Of Fast Food Consumption Habits And Stress With The Menstrual Cycle Of Adolecence Woman In Senior High School N. 1 Gunungsitoli

Adolescence is the transition from childhood to adulthood. This transition is referred to as the maturation phase characterized by certain hormonally influenced changes. To find out the relationship of fast food consumption habits and stress with the menstrual cycle of young women in senior high School N.1 Gunungsitoli. This research uses an analytical type of research with a cross-sectional design. There are 79 girls in class X and XI. Using pss-10 questionnaire, food frequency questioner (FFQ) and menstrual cycle questionnaire. Using univariate analysis and bivariate analysis. The majority of young women in N.1 Gunungsitoli senior high school often eat fast food (53,2%). The majority of young women in N.1 Gunungsitoli senior high School experience moderate stress. The menstrual cycle of young women in N.1 Gunungsitoli senior high School experiencing abnormal cycles (65,8%). There is a significant relationship between the consumption habits of fast food and the menstrual cycle with a p-value of 0,000 (p-value ≤ 0,05). There is a relationship between stress levels and the menstrual cycle with a p-value of 0,028 (p-value ≤ 0,05). There is a relationship of fast food consumption habits and stress to the menstrual cycle.

A study of blood pressure variations in different phases of menstrual cycle in medical students

Background: A normal menstrual cycle in females involves a number of physiological and biochemical changes, occurring under the influence of sex hormones. These sex hormones are in turn maintained by the hypothalamic-pituitary and ovarian axis. It is well known that sex hormones have an influence on the cardiovascular system, whereas it is uncertain how exactly these hormones influence the changes in blood pressure. Therefore, the goal of this study is to observe the changes in blood pressure during different phases of the menstrual cycle in young women and also try to know the probable association of these changes to the varying hormonal levels. Aims and Objectives: (i) To observe the changes in blood pressure during different phases of the menstrual cycle; (ii) To know the probable hormonal cause responsible for these changes. Materials and Methods: One hundred healthy female medical students of age between 18 and 23 years were selected as study participants. Blood pressure was recorded during the menstrual phase (2nd–5th day), proliferative phase (11th–14th day), and secretory phase (SP) (22nd–24th day), using a mercury sphygmomanometer. All the values were expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Statistical analysis was done using the SPSS 17.0 software. Student t-test was applied to compare two independent groups. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: In this study, it was found that there are variations of blood pressure during different phases of the menstrual cycle. The variations in blood pressure were found to be statistically highly significant when the menstrual phase was compared with the proliferative and SP (P < 0.0001), whereas the blood pressure variations of the proliferative and SP showed no statistical significance, as (P > 0.05). Conclusion: A highly significant difference in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure among different phases of the menstrual cycle was observed, indicating the effect of hormones on the menstrual cycle, low levels were recorded during the follicular phase, which could be due to the effect of estrogen, this could be the cause for the development of hypertension during menopause in females.

Assessing the differences in muscle stiffness measured with shear wave elastography and myotonometer during the menstrual cycle in young women.

This study assessed the differences in muscle stiffness of the medial gastrocnemius (MG) and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles at rest and contraction during ovulation and follicular phase (menstruation) in women with regular menstrual cycle. Thirty-four young healthy women (mean age 21.3 ± 1.3 years) with regular menstrual cycles participated in this study. Stiffness of the TA and MG muscles at rest and voluntary contraction during ovulation and follicular phase in young women were measured using shear-wave elastography (SWE) and the handheld myotonometer MyotonPRO. The absolute stiffness difference between resting and contraction was expressed as the stiffness increase rate (SIR). The stiffness of the MG and TA at the resting position was not significantly different between the two phases of the menstrual cycle (p > 0.05). A significantly greater stiffness of both muscles measured using MyotonPRO in the follicular phase than during ovulation was found (p < 0.05), while stiffness measured by SWE showed a difference only in the TA muscle during contraction (p < 0.05). In addition, there were no significant differences in the SIR of both muscles between the two phases (p > 0.05). The results of our study showed a significantly greater stiffness of the MG and TA muscles at the follicular phase than at ovulation during contraction only. As muscle stiffness affects the risk of injury owing to reduced stability during sports activities, these changes in mechanical properties during the menstrual cycle should be noted, and training strategies should be used in female athletes.

Paranoid Hostility but Not Depressive Symptoms Associated with Cytokines During the Premenstrual Phase in Young Women

It is well known that some women, during their premenstrual phase, express Hostility (Ho) and Depressive symptoms (De). Various studies indicate that Ho and De correlate with circulating concentrations of cytokines. These data support the hypothesis of an inflammation-sensitive mechanism linked to certain psychological states. The aim of this study was to correlate Ho and De with selective proinflammatory cytokines during the menstrual cycle in young women. Twenty-two physically healthy medical students, mean age 22.95+2.83(SD), were studied. All reported regular menses that ranged between 27-33 days. Blood was drawn three times across a single cycle: at follicular phase (FL), at mid luteal phase (ML) and at late luteal phase (LL) corresponding to the premenstrual phase. The following proinflammatory cytokines were determined at each sample: Interleukin 8 (IL-8), Interleukin 6 (IL-6), Interleukin 1α (IL-1α), and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α). Immediately before blood sampling the women completed the Zung self-rating depression scale and the hostility and direction of hostility questionnaire (HDHQ), which comprises five subscales: urge to act out hostility, criticism of others, paranoid hostility, self-criticism and delusional guilt. Spearman’s rank correlation was used to determine the relation between variables at the specific time points; ρ&lt;0.05 was considered significant. Mean values of cytokines did not change significantly throughout the menstrual cycle. Paranoid hostility was positively correlated with IL-8 (Rs=0.476, p=0.046), IL-1α (Rs=0.458, p=0.048) and TNF-α (Rs=0.518, p=0.023) in LLphase. No other significant correlation was found. Cytokines correlate with paranoid hostility and this correlation is probably related with the premenstrual hormonal changes. It is difficult to evaluate the clinical significance of our findings, nevertheless, when exploring the above association, it is necessary to take into consideration the phase of the cycle as well as the special aspects of Ho we seek to study.

HUBUNGAN TINGKAT STRES DENGAN SIKLUS MENSTRUASI PADA REMAJA PUTRI DI SMAN 5 PEKANBARU TAHUN 2019

ABSTRACT&#x0D; &#x0D; menstrual cycle are a series of events that are complexly affecting each other and occur simultaneously. Menstrual cycle can be influenced by stress factors. Stress is a perception of a threat or from a shadow of displeaseru that moves, alerts or activates an organism. Based on data obtained from the department of education the city of pekanbaru, it is known that schools which have the highest number of girls at SMAN 5 pekanbaru with the highest number of 639 people, while classes X and XI total 395 people and obtain information 8 people claimed to experince menstrual cycles that are not normal and as many as 6 of them experienced symptoms of stress. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between stress levels and menstrual cycle in young women at SMAN 5 pekanbaru. This type of research is quantitative with cross sectional design. The population is all young women and a sample of 80 people, taken by stratified random sampling technique. Data analysis was performed univariately and bivariately. The results obtained bye the majority of respondents had a moderate stress level of 31 people (38.8%) and for the menstrual cycle variable obtained the majority of respondents had a short menstrual cycle of 33 people (41.2%). Chi sqaure test results obtained p.value=0.012 &lt;0.05, which means there is a relationship between the level of stress with the menstrual cycle in girls in SMAN 5 pekanbaru in 2019. being input and learning materials that add insight and increase knowledge for students at SMAN 5 cities pekanbaru.&#x0D; &#x0D; Keywords: Stress, Menstrual Cycle&#x0D; Reference: 19 (2004-2017)

Evaluation of the Influence of Menstrual Cycle on “the Hemodynamic Response to Pneumoperitoneum” by Rate Pressure Product (RPP) in Reproductive Women Undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: Prospective Study

Anitha M (2016) Evaluation of cardiorespiratory changes during various phases of menstrual cycle in young women before and soon after exercise. Int J Med Sci Public Health 5:1260–1267 Article Google Scholar Li W, Lin H (2018) Effect of the menstrual cycle on circulation during combined spinal-epidural anaesthesia. BMC Anesthesiol 18:109 Article Google Scholar Kurdi MS, Ramaswamy AH (2018) Does the phase of the menstrual cycle really matter to anaesthesia? Indian J Anaesth 62:330–336 CAS Article Google Scholar Oti C, Mahendran M, Sabir N (2016) Anaesthesia for laparoscopic surgery. British Journal of Hospital Medicine, Vol 77, No 1 Perrin M, Fletcher A (2004) Laparoscopic abdominal surgery. Critical care and Pain 4(4):107–110 Google Scholar Veekash G, Wei LX, Su M. Carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum, physiologic changes and anesthetic concerns. Ambulatory surgery 201: 16.2: 41–46 Atkinson TA, Giraud GD, Togioka MB, Jones DB, Cigarroa JE (2017) Cardiovascular and ventilatory consequences of laparoscopic surgery. Circulation. 135:700–710 Article Google Scholar Hanci V, Yurtlu S, Hakimoglu S, Yilmaz M, Aydogdu H, Basaran M, Erdogan G, Okyay RD, Turan IO (2010) The effects of the menstrual cycle on the hemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation. AnesthAnalg 111:362–365 Google Scholar Download references Department of General Surgery, University of Health Sciences Izmir Bozyaka Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey Koray Bas Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, University of Health Sciences Izmir Bozyaka Training and Research Hospital, Saim Cikrikci Caddesi No: 59 Karabaglar, Izmir, Turkey Fulya Yilmaz You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar Correspondence to Fulya Yilmaz. The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Reprints and Permissions Bas, K., Yilmaz, F. Evaluation of the Influence of Menstrual Cycle on “the Hemodynamic Response to Pneumoperitoneum” by Rate Pressure Product (RPP) in Reproductive Women Undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: Prospective Study. Indian J Surg (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12262-020-02590-4 Download citation Received: 27 July 2020 Accepted: 26 August 2020 Published: 15 September 2020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12262-020-02590-4

Probable role of KLK3 in menstrual cycle of young women

Searchable abstracts of presentations at key conferences in endocrinology ISSN 1470-3947 (print) | ISSN 1479-6848 (online)

Probable role of KLK3 in menstrual cycle of young women

Searchable abstracts of presentations at key conferences in endocrinology ISSN 1470-3947 (print) | ISSN 1479-6848 (online)

Correlation of Body Mass Index with Regular Menstrual Cycle of Young Women

Correlation of Body Mass Index with Regular Menstrual Cycle of Young Women

Associations between the menstrual cycle, lifestyle factors and clinical assessment of the ocular surface: a prospective observational study

BackgroundLittle is known about the ocular surface changes over the menstrual cycle in young women and the interactions with lifestyle factors. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the associations between modifiable lifestyle factors and menstrual cycle phases on the ocular signs and symptoms of dry eye in young healthy women.MethodsThis was a prospective 1-month observational study. Thirty young healthy women with regular, 24 to 32-day menstrual cycles were recruited. Participants attended three visits at day 7, 14, and 21 (± 1) of their menstrual cycle. At baseline, general health questionnaire was conducted. At each visit, symptomology was quantified using Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) and overall ocular comfort (OOC, visual analogue scale). Ocular signs were assessed using Efron scales, tear break-up time (TBUT) and phenol red thread (PRT). Pearson’s correlation was used to determine associations between variables at each visit.ResultsA total of 26 participants (mean age = 22.3 ± 3.7 years) with an average menstrual cycle of 28.3 ± 1.3 days completed the 3 visits. The interaction between signs/symptoms and lifestyle factors changed over the cycle. At the follicular phase (day 7), lifestyle factors such diet and levels of stress were correlated with PRT and OSDI, (r = − 0.4, p = 0.022; r = 0.4, p = 0.045 respectively). At the ovulation phase (day 14), the general health score was correlated with OOC scores (r = 0.4, p = 0.047). At day 14, exercise frequency correlated with PRT (r = − 0.4, p = 0.028) and caffeine intake was positively correlate with both; TBUT (r = 0.5, p = 0.020) and PRT (r = 0.5, p = 0.014). At the luteal phase (day 21), we found no correlations between lifestyle factors and dry eye signs or symptoms.ConclusionsThe associations between lifestyle factors and objective and subjective ocular surface assessment appeared to be more pronounced during the ovulation phase of the menstrual cycle compared to the follicular and luteal phases. Misalignment of these factors with the ocular health during the luteal phase could be attributed to central sensitization and changes in levels of luteinising hormone. Natural hormonal changes during menstrual cycle should be considered for diagnosis and treatment of dry eye in young healthy women.

Breast Density Assessment in Young Women with Ultrasound based on Speed of Sound: Influence of the Menstrual Cycle.

To investigate changes in breast density (BD) during the menstrual cycle in young women in comparison to inter-breast and -segment changes as well as reproducibility of a novel Speed-of-Sound (SoS) Ultrasound (US) method.SoS-US uses a conventional US system with a reflector and a software add-on to quantify SoS in the retro-mammillary, inner and outer segments of both breasts. Twenty healthy women (18–40 years) with regular menstrual cycles were scanned twice with two weeks in-between. Three of these were additionally measured twice per week for 25 days. Average SoS (m/s) and ΔSoS (segment-variation SoS; m/s) were measured. Variations between follicular and luteal phases and changes over the four-week period were assessed. Inter-examiner and inter-reader agreements were also evaluated. Variances between cycle phases, examiners and readers were compared.No significant SoS difference was observed between follicular and luteal phases for the twenty women (P = .126), and between all different days for the three more frequently measured women (P = .892). Inter-reader (ICC = 0.999) and inter-examiner (ICC = 0.990) agreements were high. The SoS variance due to menstrual variations was not significantly larger than the inter-examiner uncertainty (P = .461). Inter-reader variations were significantly smaller than menstrual and examiner variations (P < .001).SoS-US showed high inter-examiner and inter-reader reproducibility. The alterations during the menstrual cycles were not significantly larger than the confidence interval of measurements.

Effect of the menstrual cycle on the muscle strength in young women

Introduction: Nowadays more women are trying to shape their figure properly. Changes in the menstrual cycle can affect the dynamic muscle parameters of women. Aim: The aim of the study was to assess muscle strength in various phases of the menstrual cycle in young women Material and methods: The study involved 23 women aged 20–22. All the women had menstrual periods (27 ± 3.16 days). The strength measurement was made by means of Microfet2 (Hoggan Health Industries, USA), which was fixed permanently to the floor. The test was performed on the knee flexors at the angle of 10° and 90° and hip flexors in the neutral position and the glenohumeral joint (shoulder) extensors at the flexion of 90°. The lever arm was marked with the use of anthropometric points. The test was performed three times in each phase of the menstrual cycle; in the early follicular phase (2nd–5th day), the ovular (12th–15th day) and in the luteal phase (16th–28th day). Results and discussion: No statistically significant differences in the muscle torque values during the menstrual cycle were confirmed in the test. The P value of the arm extensors is 0.33, for hip flexors is 0.79 and hamstring muscle with a bent knee joint in 90° and 10° is 0.311, 0.567, respectively. No statistically significant differences between the particular cycles phases were confirmed either. Conclusions: In the menstrual cycle in young women, there are no significant differences in muscle strength during the individual phases.

The Correlation of Body Mass Index (BMI) and Stress Level with Menstrual Cycle of Young Women at Senior Vocational High School Widya Utama Indramayu

Background:Reproductive health is an important part of the health program. Several diseases that related to the reproductive system are important things to be solved such as irregular menstrual cycles. Some factors that affect the menstrual cycle are the influence of weight, physical activity, and the process of ovulation and adequate luteal function. Now, special attentions arealso emphasized on the diet behavior and stress. &#x0D; The purpose of this study was to know the correlation of Body Mass Index (BMI) and stress level with menstrual cycle of young women in SMK WidyaUtama Indramayu.&#x0D; Methods: The design of this study used an analytic survey using a cross sectional design. The instrument used is the questionnaire of Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) that has been standardized and modified. questionnaire for measuring the menstrual cycle is a question about the menstrual cycle. Body mass index (BMI) is measured by calculating body weight / TB2 in kg / m2.&#x0D; Result: The results showed that the Body Mass Index in Normal category (68.3%), stress level in the normal category (68.3% and menstrual cycle in the normal category (56.7%). There was a significant relationship between body mass index and cycle menstruation with a value of p = 0.000 There is a significant relationship between stress levels with the menstrual cycle with a value of p = 0.031.&#x0D; Conclusion: that need to be recommended are the need to control the weight so that the nutritional status will be in the ideal level, able to adapt the stress and regularly record the menstrual period in order to control the menstrual cycle.

The Relationship between Vitamin D Status and the Menstrual Cycle in Young Women: A Preliminary Study.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate serum vitamin D levels and to compare these with the menstrual cycle in young women with different body weights. Methods: Eighty-four students were recruited into the study of which 77 remained at the study’s completion. Women were assigned to one of two subgroups, according to their 25-hydroxy vitamin D test level [25(OH)D] in which 60 women had low 25(OH)D levels (LD < 30 ng/mL) and 17 had normal levels (ND > 30 ng/mL ≤ 80 ng/mL). Results: In the LD group, 40% of participants reported having long cycles, 27% were classified as having oligomenorrhoea, and 13% as having amenorrhoea. In the ND group, only 12% reported menstrual cycle disorders, 6% had oligomenorrhoea, and 6% had amenorrhoea. Women who did not meet the recommended level of 30 ng/mL of 25(OH)D had almost five times the odds of having menstrual cycle disorders as women who were above the recommended vitamin D level. Conclusion: A relationship was demonstrated between the frequency of menstrual disorders and low levels of vitamin D. Supplementation is necessary in women with low levels of vitamin D in order to compensate for this deficiency and to assess its effect in regulating menstrual disorders.

Do Food Intake and Food Cravings Change during the Menstrual Cycle of Young Women?

The aim of the present study was to assess the anthropometric measures, food intake and food cravings during the menstrual cycle of undergraduate students of the faculty of nutrition. A cross-sectional study was performed with 27 students from a public university in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, who had their food intake evaluated through a 24-hour food recall, their nutritional status evaluated based on anthropometric measures, and food cravings evaluated using the Food Desire Questionnaire. Data were collected during an evaluation in the follicular phase (between the 5th and the 9th day of the menstrual cycle) and another in the luteal phase (LP) (between the 20th and the 25th day of the menstrual cycle). For food intake variables, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was used, followed by the Tukey test. The Mann-Whitney test was used for the analysis of food cravings, considering a significance level of 5% (p < 0.05). The desire for foods rich in sugar, salt, and fat, such as chocolate, pastries, snacks and desserts were higher (p < 0.05) during the premenstrual period, although it did not reflect neither a higher energy intake nor an alteration in the distribution of macronutrients. A higher intake of carbohydrates, proteins, fibers, and calcium was observed during the LP; however, without statistical difference between the groups. There were no differences either in the intake of any food group or in the anthropometric measurements (p > 0.05). Food cravings of nutrition students differed between the phases of the menstrual cycle; however, with no difference in food intake and in anthropometric measures.

Correlation between Mechanical Properties of the Ankle Muscles and Postural Sway during the Menstrual Cycle

Ankle and foot injuries are common among athletes and physically active individuals. The most common residual disability, ankle sprain, is characterized by instability along with postural sway. If the supporting structures around a joint become lax, posture stability and balance are also affected. Previous studies have examined muscle stiffness and elasticity and postural sway separately; however, the relationship between these factors is yet unknown. It is well known that the levels of sex hormones, especially estrogen, change in women over the phase of the menstrual cycle. Therefore, this study examined the relationship between the mechanical properties of tissue and balance activity using a non-invasive digital palpation device to determine if they undergo any changes over the menstrual cycle in young women. Sixteen young women with regular menstrual cycles completed the study. Tone, stiffness, and elasticity of the ankle muscles (lateral gastrocnemius, peroneus longus, and tibialis anterior) were measured using a non-invasive digital palpation device. Postural sway was recorded while the participants performed balance tasks during ovulation and menstruation. Significantly greater posture sway characteristics and ankle muscle elasticity were found during ovulation than during menstruation; lower tone and stiffness of the ankle muscles were observed at ovulation (p < 0.05). Additionally, weak-to-strong relationships between ankle muscle mechanical properties and postural sway characteristics were found (p < 0.05). These results suggest the effect of estrogen on human connective tissues. We therefore postulate that estrogen increases joint and muscle laxity and affects posture stability according to the phase of the menstrual cycle.

Comparison of anthropometrical parameters and dietary habits of young women with and without menstrual disorders.

The aim of this study was to assess the nutritional status and dietary habits of young women, in order to explore their relationship with the menstrual cycle and to determine the proportion of women with menstrual cycle irregularities. A total of 348 young women aged 15-25 years (19.7 ± 3.7 years) participated in the study and were assigned to a younger group (15-18 years; YG) or an older group (19-25 years; OG). Two subgroups were also distinguished: women with menstrual disorders (MD) and women with regular cycles (RC). Body mass, waist circumference, fat mass (FM), energy and nutrient intakes, and eating behaviour of the subjects were evaluated. In both age groups, women with menstrual cycle disorders were more likely to have higher body weight, higher body mass index, larger waist circumference and higher body FM. The daily diets of these women contained larger quantities of animal protein and fat, including saturated fat (in OG), but were poorer in vitamins B1 and B6 (in YG) and in iron. Disinhibition was significantly more common in the MD group. The results of this study suggest that nutritional habits and status can interfere with the course of the menstrual cycle in young women.

Gastrointestinal symptoms in occurrence with menstrual cycle in young women with inflammatory bowel disease: A complex relationship

Gastrointestinal symptoms in occurrence with menstrual cycle in young women with inflammatory bowel disease: A complex relationship