Networks Of Men Research Articles

Understanding the Emergence of Comorbidity between Problematic Online Gaming and Gambling: A Network Analysis Approach.

Problematic online gaming and gambling tend to co-occur. The exact mechanisms underlying this phenomenon and the potential effects of gender differences remain unknown. This study aimed to identify the early clustering patterns of problematic online gaming and gambling in a community sample of young adults without a lifetime history of psychiatric treatment. Data were collected through an online survey and analyzed using partial correlations and Bayesian networks. Altogether, 1441 individuals (aged 18-40 years, 51.4% females) participated in the survey. Both problematic online behaviors were weakly interrelated, suggesting that they serve as distinct constructs. Men's networks appeared to be more complex and had significantly higher global connectivity. Moreover, men and women differed with respect to the specific nodes that bridged both constructs. In men, the bridge nodes were "being criticized because of betting or being told about gambling problems", "loss of previous interests due to gaming", "deceiving other people because of gaming", and "health consequences of gambling". Among women, the bridge nodes were "feeling guilty because of gambling", "loss of previous interests because of gaming", "social consequences of gaming", and "continued gaming problems with other people". In men, the strongest edge was found between "borrowing money/selling anything to gamble" and "financial problems because of gambling", while in women, the strongest edge appeared between "betting more than afforded to be lost" and "tolerance symptoms of gambling". The findings indicate that problematic online gaming and gambling tend to emerge in different ways among men and women. Therapeutic interventions should be planned considering gender differences.

Making Home: The Role of Social Networks on Identity, Health, and Quality of Life Among Rural Lesbian and Gay Older Adults.

Gay and lesbian older persons face a host of health inequalities related to their identity as they age. Challenges to health access and appropriate social support may be even more exacerbated for those living in rural environments; this may be due to the lack of supportive and affirming social connections. This project aimed to explore and describe the social networks and the relationship of these social networks to identity, health, and quality of life of gay and lesbian individuals in rural communities. Social network data on network type, size, and social capital were collected and supplemented by quantitative questionnaires relating to health, quality of life, marginalization, and identity. Participants (N = 25) were recruited from three states. Thirteen participants self-identified as gay and 12 as lesbian. All but one identified as non-Hispanic White. The average age of all participants was 60.32 years. Findings indicate that rural gay and lesbian individuals develop networks with little consideration for network members' acceptance of their identity. Participants reported an average network size of 9.32 individuals. Gay men reported higher perceptual affinity (.69) than lesbian participants (.62). Lesbian networks showed significantly (p = .0262) greater demographic similarity (.58) than aging gay men's networks (.55). Aging gay men (.89) reported statistically stronger (p = .0078) network ties than aging lesbian females (.78). Among participants in this study, network size is not correlated with the health and quality of life of rural aging lesbian and gay individuals. Still, personal identity congruence does appear to relate to health and quality of life. The findings highlight the collective need to continue research into sexual minority aging and rural sexual minority aging, particularly employing novel methods.

Gender network analysis of the Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire (EDE-Q7) in Peruvian adults.

network assessment of eating disorder (ED)-related symptomatology from a gender perspective is an important topic of study; however, there is limited research in the Latin American context. this study aimed to explore the patterns of association of the components of the Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire (EDE-Q7) according to gender, using two simultaneous network models in 890 Peruvian adults (63.51 % were women; mean age: 26.40). two graphs considering the gender factor were made using the R package qgrap and the merged LASSO graph. higher network centrality measures were obtained for items related to body image dissatisfaction and overvaluation in women; while in the men's network, the items of food restriction and overestimation of weight were the most central symptoms. both network models were invariant and showed no significant differences in both structure and connections.

Women’s Articulates towards Career Advancement

Purpose: Professional engagement among women is growing at the same rate as that of men. The shortage of women in key governance roles and decision-making positions has been the most controversial issue. Based on this statement the foremost aim of the study is to explore how managerial women feel about their career advancement and compare their views on career advancement with those of respondents with nuclear or joint families. Design/Methodology/Approach: The present study adopted a quantitative research methodology including managerial level women as participants. Findings/Result: The findings reveal that women in public organizations are optimistic about their career advancement; that their organizations have strong policies and procedures in place to help women rise to higher levels of employment. However, men's networks, the low number of women in higher-level positions in organizations, and the necessity to do better work than male acquaintances to be promoted were barriers to their professional empowerment. In addition, when it comes to career advancement, singles and joint families have opposing viewpoints. Originality/Value: The study contributes by examining female managerial personnel' perceptions of their career advancement in Nepal's public sector. The results of the study show that there are considerable differences in family types when it comes to job advancement. Paper Type: Research paper

The Organization of Networking and Gender Inequality in the New Economy: Evidence from the Tech Industry

In the new economy, with shrinking organizational supports and increased precarity for professional workers, networking has intensified as an entrepreneurial career management strategy. Networking is embedded in the logic of new work organizations, but less attention has been paid to its impact on gender inequality. Through fifty interviews with workers from one tech company and nine months of observations, I ask: (1) In the new economy, with intense networking demands, how does gender structure the networking strategies of workers? And (2) How does the organization of networking contribute to gender inequality? I find that individuals draw on masculinity and femininity as they network in ways that reproduce gender status hierarchies. The structure and culture of networking disproportionately limit the careers of women compared to men by shaping their (1) networking approaches; (2) attitudes about networking; and (3) resources gained from networking. Men network by strategically socializing, confidently building informal relationships with other men through masculine activities and leveraging these relationships for key resources. Women cannot similarly access informal relationships, and so they engage in strategic networking, attending formal networking events that are less effective in providing career resources. Women embodying an elite, white femininity locate personal support in the company-sponsored women's network. However, this group reinforces organizational boundaries by gender and race. This article advances sociological literature on inequality in the new economy, drawing on gender theory to demonstrate how in elite, male-dominated industries like technology, networking contributes to the maintenance of gender inequalities.

In the eye of the beholder: Meaning and structure of informal status in women's and men's prisons*

AbstractApplying an abductive mixed‐methods approach, we investigate the informal status systems in three women's prison units (across two prisons) and one men's prison unit. Qualitative analyses suggest “old head” narratives—where age, time in prison, sociability, and prison wisdom confer unit status—are prevalent across all four contexts. Perceptions of maternal “caregivers” and manipulative “bullies,” however, are found only in the three women's units. The qualitative findings inform formal network analyses by differentiating “positive,” “neutral,” and “negative” status nominations, with “negative” ties primarily absent from the men's unit. Within the women's units, network analyses find that high‐status women are likely to receive both positive and negative peer nominations, such that evaluations depend on who is doing the evaluating. Comparing the women's and men's networks, the correlates of positive and neutral ties are generally the same and center on covariates of age, getting along with others, race, and religion. Overall, the study points to important similarities and differences in status across the gendered prison contexts, while demonstrating how a sequential mixed‐methods design can illuminate both the meaning and the structure of prison informal organization.

Acceptability and Feasibility of Unsupervised HIV Self-Testing Among Networks of Men

Acceptability and Feasibility of Unsupervised HIV Self-Testing Among Networks of Men

Formative Research to Develop Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Self-Testing Intervention Among Networks of Men in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: A Mixed Methods Approach

Formative Research to Develop Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Self-Testing Intervention Among Networks of Men in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: A Mixed Methods Approach

Early Career Developmental Networks for Men and Women Scientists: Are There Differences?

This study examines the early career developmental networks from graduates of a research intensive medical school program and compares characteristics and outcomes for men and women. In the organiz...

Amigos and amistades: the role of men's social network ties in shaping HIV vulnerability in the Dominican Republic

While men's social networks have been identified as a source of influence on sexual behaviour, less is known about the different types of friendship ties within men's networks. We analysed data from qualitative in-depth interviews with 36 men in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic who are current or former sexual partners of female sex workers to understand how: (1) men describe trust and communication with different types of friendship ties, (2) characteristics of trust and communication reflect norms of masculinity, and (3) these friendship ties influence HIV-related behaviours. We identified a distinction between amistades, social drinking buddies who are not trusted, and amigos, trusted friends. The majority of men lacked any amigos and some had neither amigos nor amistades. In general, men reflected traditional norms of masculinity and said they did not feel they could discuss their relationships or emotional topics with other men. Trust and communication dynamics, and how norms of masculinity shape those dynamics, should be understood and addressed in the design of HIV prevention efforts with men's social networks as they have implications for the potential effectiveness of such efforts.

Networks of Ideas, Networks of Men: Clerical Reform, Parisian Theologians and the Movement to Reform Prostitutes in Twelfth- and Thirteenth-Century France

In the first decades of the twelfth century, a wandering preacher was reported to have ‘advised’ the young men of Le Mans to marry the prostitutes of the town in order to save these ‘unchaste women’ (feminae quae minus caste vixeruni) from their lives of sin: ‘On his advice many of the young men married the unchaste women for whom he bought clothes to the value of four solidi, just enough to cover their nakedness.’ At the end of the same century, something very similar occurred in Paris, where another preacher was praised for encouraging the scholars and burghers either to marry prostitutes or to donate towards their dowry fund: Almost all the public prostitutes, no matter where the athlete of Christ went, abandoned their brothels and flocked to him. He himself led most of these women to marriage.Others, however, who were unable to remain chaste on account of fear of weakness, he gave a not insubstantial sum of money as dowries and reformed them with legal marriage. To this goal the Parisian students collected two hundred and fifty silver pounds and the burghers over a thousand.

Women in STEM networks: who seeks advice and support from women scientists?

Supporting and advancing women's science careers continues to be of interest to researchers, scientists, science funders, and universities. Similarly, professional advice and support networks are important to understanding the advancement of scientific careers. This research aims to marry these two lines of research to investigate and compare the ways in which men and women scientists seek advice and support from women in their networks. Using a sample of academic scientists in nonmedical biology, chemistry, computer science, earth and atmospheric sciences, electrical engineering, and physics we assess the extent to which women and men scientists seek advice and support from women in their networks. We find that field of science is the primary predictor for the presence of women in scientists' advice and support networks. We also find that citizenship, rank, age, and friendship are significantly related to the proportion of women in women's networks, but are not consistently significantly related to the proportion of women in men's networks. We conclude with a discussion of the findings and the distinctions between men and women scientists' advice and support networks.

The Political Economy of Fiscal Reform in Central-Eastern Europe, Hungary, Poland and the Czech Republic from 1989 to EU Accession by Frank Bönker (review)

l86 SEER, 87, I, JANUARY 2009 men have a marginal position in the household, theironly function being that of breadwinner, so that men who lose their jobs or who are unable to earn enough to support theirfamilies sufferfrom a loss of social statusboth atwork and in the home, risking a precipitous decline intodemoralization and, all too often, alcoholism. Third, social networks are decisive in getting a job, and although household exchange networks are centred on women and women's networks are more robust, men's networks are generally more advantageous in getting a job than those of women, because it ismen who tend to take hiring decisions and men's networks tend to be both male-centred and work centred. There is therefore an indication, though no conclusive evidence, that social networks provide important moral support for women, but do not compensate for the other disadvantages thatwomen face in the labour market. This book provides an indispensable resource for understanding employ ment behaviour inRussia's labour market, but its careful analysis of gender differences also provides much more than this, an invaluable insight into the ways inwhich men and women struggle to survive the vicissitudes of life in contemporary Russia. Department ofSociology Simon Clarke Universityof Warwick Bonker, Frank. The Political Economy ofFiscal Reform in Central-Eastern Europe, Hungary, Poland and theCzech Republicfrom 1989 toEU Accession. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham and Northampton, MA, 2006. xi + 203 pp. Tables. Notes. Bibliography. Index. ?59.95. In this book Frank Bonker addresses post-Communist fiscal reform from a Political Economy of Policy Reform, or PEPR, perspective. PEPR focuses on the economic and political conditions for the initiation and consolidation of policy reforms.He uses the three case studies ofHungary, Poland and the Czech Republic from 1989 to theirEU accession as his empirical base. Whilst the case studies themselves provide a concise and informative read, as a whole the book disappoints on a number of fronts. Firstly the case study material is now rather dated. As Bonker openly admits the book has had a long gestation period, as did his doctoral thesis on which thisvolume isbased, due to 'other projects and rival obligations' (p. x). Nothing wrong with this per se but with the overwhelming majority of referenced material coming from before 2000 one needs to question the contribution to PEPR analysis today from these three case studies. Secondly, the book wanders, as has the author, between economics and political science. Again, nothing wrong with thisper se but the reader is left confused as towhat to draw from the case studies. Are we supposed to gain insights on PEPR when applied to fiscal reforms in other OECD countries or are we supposed to gain a deeper understanding of the post-Communist reforms in the case study countries by applying a PEPR perspective? This reader was never quite sure. REVIEWS 187 Thirdly, and I believe most disappointingly, the issue of fiscal reform is never appropriately separated from the post-Communist transformation process itself. Needless to say thiswould be a major challenge but one worth even partial success. The three case studies themselves highlight the significant differences in economic and political circumstances between the three coun tries at the time of political change and fiscal reform.Yet attempts are made to provide generalized conclusions about fiscal reform in Central-Eastern Europe. This is a pity as itdemeans the helpful and readable analyses of the fiscal changes drawn out in each of the individual case-study chapters. By the timewe reach the concluding chapter the author himself seems to have accepted thathis analyses of the fiscalchanges in the case-study countries are from a historical, political economy perspective. There is no attempt to draw from the experiences of these three countries any lessons for PEPR methodology or forprevious PEPR conclusions. As such thisbook reads as a very dated, Western-based perspective on the excitement of the early 1990s in Central and Eastern Europe. As the author admits, 'fiscal reform was not driven primarily by fiscal problems but was essentially a by-product of the transition to capitalism' (p. 160).The book would have been somuch more valuable if this had been the opening sentence and the author had analysed...

The structure of lay consultation networks: managing illness in community settings.

We examined the structure of lay consultation networks among elderly people. Data were gathered through interviews with 548 elderly adults living in Florida retirement communities and in Cleveland. Respondents identified people they consulted about symptom or disease information, health worries, what the doctor said, and consulting health providers. Network size, composition, geographic dispersion, gender homogeneity, and division of labor were assessed. Eighty percent identified at least one network member (range = 1 to 7 consultants). Networks largely consisted of family members, particularly spouses and women. Older adults talked most frequently with network members about physician visits. Widowed individuals were more likely to rely on children and friends and have networks outside their neighborhoods than married elders. Women's networks included a broader range of relationships than men's networks. Results reaffirmed the importance of gender in structuring networks in late life. The low prevalence of friends supports Cartensen's Selectivity Theory.

The Ties That Bind: Social Networks of Men and Women in a Kipsigis Community of Kenya

Beatrice Whiting's focus on cultural meanings implicit in everyday routines provided a focus for this study of men and women's social networks in a rural Kipsigis community of western Kenya. Using methods from social network analysis, the authors interviewed men and women of the community about the contexts of their encounters with other same‐sex community members. The data were analyzed using multidimensional scaling and cluster analysis in order to discern the bases of social interaction. Results indicate that mutual helping relationships, not kinship, clan, or age, are at the core of social life in this community.

STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS AND SUPPORT BENEFITS IN THE INTERPERSONAL NETWORKS OF WOMEN AND MEN IN MANAGEMENT

This study investigated a series of hypotheses stemming from Ibarra's (1993) proposed conceptual framework for understanding differences between women's and men's interpersonal networks. Using a sample of 112 managers, we examined differences between women's and men's network structural characteristics, and the relationships between these characteristics and support benefits obtained. Consistent with Ibarra, we found that certain network characteristics varied considerably between women and men managers. Women and men tended to belong to different networks in their organizations. Although both groups obtained similar amounts of support from their networks, women managers received their support from substantially different networks, characterized by lower levels of status and power in their organizations. Results are interpreted with respect to Ibarra's theoretical propositions concerning differences between women's and men's networks in organizations.

Men at Work to End Wife Abuse in Quebec

Examining how men respond to the social problem of domestic violence may further our understanding of how woman abuse is defined and affected by the activities of groups making claims in relation to it. This article is a critical case study of how abusive men's programs in a Canadian province organized to advance their agenda for acceptance of an unprecedented men's network of generic services, based on men's identity politics. The authors note a continuing historical trend of individualizing woman abuse with this separate, uncoordinated development of resources for domestic violence perpetrators. Examining its implications, the authors conclude that homosocial men's projects must work in tandem with battered women's advocates and their resources, and include a number of principles in the politics of masculinities to guide them in their work.

No More Kin: Exploring Race, Class, and Gender in Family Networks

No More Kin: Exploring Race, Class, and Gender in Family Networks. Anne R. Roschelle. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. 1997. 235 pp. ISBN 07619-0159-0. $21.95 cloth. Studies of minority families conducted in the 1960s and 1970s, mostly in the ethnographic tradition, sought to correct the negative stereotypes perpetuated by theorists of the culture of poverty. Instead of depicting distinct family patterns (e.g., extended families) in ethno-racial minorities as deviant, these scholars portrayed positive images of how, in the midst of economic deprivation, minority families participated in extended social support networks, mostly through women. This networking was seen as a deliberate strategy to offset the deleterious effects of poverty. Roschelle's provocative study contends that, although economic resources are salient predictors of participation in support networks, their effect is precisely the opposite. She argues that the constraints of a hostile economic system have contributed to the impoverishment of minority families, which has prevented them from participating in exchange networks and from realizing their familistic identities. The elaborate social support networks characteristic of urban minorities two decades ago may no longer exist. The author makes this powerful point by meticulously examining cultural and structural determinants of participation in social support networks among different ethno-racial groups and through the lens of an analytical framework that incorporates race, class, and gender as systems of oppression. The result is a fine study with important theoretical and policy implications. After a detailed discussion and critique of the main theoretical approaches to the study of extended networks within both the cultural and structural perspectives, Roschelle presents the culturestructure nexus, a model that incorporates both perspectives. This integrative perspective allows the examination of the simultaneous impact of cultural and structural factors on family organization among ethno-racial groups. From this vantage point, the author assesses the effect of the interlocking hierarchies of class, gender, and race on network support. Empirically, Roschelle compares help that is given and received by family and friends among African Americans, Puerto Ricans, Mexicans, and non-Hispanic Whites. She also examines the effects of class and gender on support networks and the propensity for extended living arrangements for each group. Her study is based on the first wave of the National Survey of Families and Households, a nationally representative probability sample survey conducted in 1987 and 1988. She includes indicators of cultural attitudes toward giving and receiving help, measures of socioeconomic resources, demographic variables, and a set of variables to measure availability and proximity of friends and family. Her main dependent variables represent three dimensions of support: monetary resources, child care, and household assistance. Due to significant gender differences in the types of help given and received, the author used child care when she analyzes women's networks and household assistance in the analyses of men's networks. …

Gender, Children, and Social Contact: The Effects of Childrearing for Men and Women

The authors investigate the impact of childrearing on men's and women's social networks, using a probability sample of residents of 10 Great Plains towns. Data support the hypotheses that social network size, contact volume and composition vary with the age of the youngest child in a family. Childrearing reduces women's network size and contact volume, while it alters the composition of men's networks. Effects are most pronounced when the youngest child is around three years old. These results suggest the possibility that sex differences in structural location (in the sense of embeddedness in social networks) explain sex differences in outcomes over the life course. The gender-specific effects of this life stage may accrue because childrearing places men and women in separate social worlds; childbearing and childrearing thus may be a crucial phase in the process by which gender differences are created and maintained

Women and Urbanization

The article generalizes on the basis of two field studies conducted in slum areas (Ratmalana near Colombo in Sri Lanka and Khlong Tocy in Bangkok. Thailand) by Susanne Thorbek. who has her doctorate in Cultural Sociology. The article introduces some reflections on the most fundamental changes as a result of urbanization, the radical separation between factory and family, between the social units which are responsible for the production of things (and value) and of human life. This separation has grave consequences for women (and thus also for men) it is argued, and it becomes manifest and more extensive with urbanization This separation is the structural basis for the sharpened gender-struggle which develops in the cities, some outcomes of which are seen in terms of the changed definitions of the genders and their relationships, as well as the worldwide tendency to feminization of poverty. The impact of gender-struggle on women's work for incomes is discussed, a struggle which seems to be considerable since most women are dependent on men's networks or their relationship to individual men for access to reasonably paid work in both the registered firms and in most of the informal sector, or they are dependent on their male relatives' networks. Even in that part of the informal sector where they extend household chores into the market place (food, drinks, loans, small shops, prostitution), women are still partly dependent on such networks although the form may differ somewhat between the two areas. The forms and functions of families are likewise areas for gender-struggle and it is not only argued that city-life poses the extended and especially the women-centered family as a need for women but also that the cultural ramifications of gender-struggle have an important impact on the realization of such needs The mothers without husbands are also discussed in this context Finally, a few clues are given concerning the differences between the slum cultures and women's integration in these slum cultures It is argued that either women's problems, that is problems with the production of life, are taken up as important topics by the whole slum culture, or women's problems are seen as their's alone, which then means that women become the problem in the slum culture The study from Khlong Toey in Bangkok is published in Voices from the City, (Zed Books 1987) and the other is forthcoming.