Menopausal Women Research Articles

The Impact of Different Types of Advertisements on the Level of Physical Activity Among Postmenopausal Women

Background: Understanding the factors that influence physical activity in menopausal women is important for planning and implementing effective strategies to upgrade women’s health. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of different types of advertisements on the level of physical activity among postmenopausal women. Methods: The current research employed an analytical cross-sectional design and was conducted on 385 postmenopausal women. Data were collected through physical activity questionnaires to assess the impact of advertisements on social networks and media, as well as word-of-mouth advertisements. SPSS software was used to analyze the data, and PLS software was used to check the model’s fit. Results: The findings of this research showed that advertisements on social networks (T=11.38, B=0.8(, media advertisements (T=6.42, B=0.53), and word-of-mouth advertisements (T=8.92, B=0.60) had a positive and significant effect on postmenopausal women’s physical activity, with the first item (i.e., social media advertisements) exerting the most significant impact according to the value of the T statistic, which must be greater than 1.96 at the 95% confidence level, and the B statistic as the impact coefficient. The overall fit of the model was equal to 0.53, indicating the high overall fitness of the model, further evidenced by an Standardized Root Mean Square Residual (SRMR) index of 0.06. Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that the use of different advertising methods could have significant effects on menopausal women’s tendency toward sports programs and venues. Therefore, it is essential for health organizations to continue to use these advertisements, especially on social media, to promote the physical activity level and improve the health and wellbeing of menopausal women.

Physical Activity, Self-Care, and Menopausal Symptoms among Women in Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia: Adherence to Postmenopausal Guidelines (PMGs).

Menopause is a physiological change in which the menstrual period permanently ends. Every woman experiences this transition in different ways between the ages of 40 and 55. Women may have menopausal symptoms as a result of low estrogen levels. Self-care is a practice which women can use to maintain their wellness. This study aimed to assess physical activity, self-care, and menopausal symptoms and their associations with selected variables. The results showed that women should adhere to postmenopausal guidelines (PMGs). A cross-sectional study was conducted among 212 menopausal women randomly selected from health centers in Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia. The international physical activity tool, a self-care questionnaire, and the Kupperman menopausal index scale were used to assess women's physical activity, self-care, and menopausal symptoms, respectively. The chi-square and Pearson correlation tests were used for analysis. The women were 55.01 ± 6.87 years old, and 40.6% reached menopause between the ages of 46 and 50 years; 57.1% of the women had low physical activity, which was associated with menopausal symptoms (p < 0.022). The highest mean score (29.63 ± 5.83) was obtained for physical health, while the lowest (11.92 ± 3.58) was found in self-care screening tests. Regarding menopausal symptoms, 25.9% had mild, 69.8% had moderate, and 4.3% had severe symptoms. A significant association was found between menopausal symptoms and age, menopausal age, education, body mass index, and PMGs awareness at p < 0.001. Self-care positively correlated with menopausal symptoms (p < 0.001). Therefore, attention should be given to women's adherence to PMGs so that they can enjoy healthier lives after menopause.

Assessment of Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety among Menopause Women in Sulaimani City, Kurdistan: Cross-sectional Study

Menopause represents a pivotal developmental juncture in a woman’s life, characterized by a spectrum of physiological alterations and the potential emergence of depressive symptomatology. The manifestation of anxiety and depression during the menopausal phase is intricate and influenced by a confluence of biological, social, and psychological determinants. This study aims to assess depression and anxiety among menopausal women while elucidating their associations with various sociodemographic attributes. A cross-sectional study was executed at the Ali Kamal Consultation Center, encompassing 126 menopausal women. Data compilation utilized a structured questionnaire encompassing sections on sociodemographic particulars, menopausal symptoms, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Statistical analysis employing SPSS version 25 encompassed frequency and percentage along with Chi-square tests. A substantial proportion of women (72.5%) reported prevalent anxiety, with a noteworthy 74.2% exhibiting discernible signs of depression. Sociodemographic determinants, including age and age at marriage, body mass index, and marital status, exhibited robust associations with anxiety and depression. The prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms in menopausal women underscores the imperative for targeted interventions. Sociodemographic variables emerged as pivotal determinants influencing the likelihood of developing these psychological symptoms. Notably, occupation and place of residence exhibited no statistically significant correlations.

0728 The Effects of Yoga on Sleep Quality in Menopausal Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

0728 The Effects of Yoga on Sleep Quality in Menopausal Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Evaluation of Menopausal Syndrome Relief and Anti-Obesity Efficacy of the Korean Fermented Food Doenjang: A Randomized, Double-Blind Clinical Trial.

Foods that help improve menopausal syndrome are being studied worldwide. Doenjang is a traditional Korean fermented soybean food with potential health benefits for menopausal women. In this clinical trial using Doenjang, we aimed to compare the effectiveness of traditional Doenjang and commercial Doenjang in menopausal women. Furthermore, we compared whether Doenjang has a better effect if the number of beneficial microbes is higher. The analyses included the following groups: traditional Doenjang containing either a high dose (HDC; n = 18) or low dose (LDC; n = 18) of beneficial microbes and commercial Doenjang (CD; n = 20). The Kupperman index and hematological changes were examined before and after the use of Doenjang pills. The effects of Doenjang on obesity and body composition were studied before and after ingestion. Lastly, the microorganisms and short-chain fatty acid changes in the stool were compared. The Kupperman index decreased after Doenjang consumption in all three groups, with the greatest decrease in the LDC group. Only the groups that took traditional Doenjang pills exhibited reduced LDL cholesterol. No changes in obesity and inflammation-related indicators were observed. The number of Firmicutes, associated with obesity, decreased in the CD group but the numbers of Bacteroidetes increased in the HDC and CD groups. Thus, traditional Doenjang is more effective in alleviating menopausal syndrome than commercial Doenjang. Further research on the anti-obesity effect or changes in microbiomes and short-chain fatty acids in feces is needed.

A study to assess the prevalence of menopausal symptoms and its impact on quality of life in the menopausal women in a selected Urban community, Kolkata, West Bengal

Menopause is the end of menstruation. Menopause is cessation of menstruation for 12 months or a period that equivalent to three previous cycles or as time of cessation of ovarian function resulting in permanent amenorrhea. Menopause is a part of a women’s natural ageing process when lower level of estrogen &amp; progesterone is produced by ovaries. This cross-sectional study was conducted on a total of 400 women in the age group of 45-50 years in a selected urban community, Kolkata, West Bengal in 2020. Menopause Specific Quality of Life scale was used to assess the prevalence of menopausal symptoms and its impact. Data analysis was performed calculating mean, frequency and percentage and chisquare. Among the vasomotor symptoms prevalence of sweating was maximum (98%), among psychological symptoms anxiety and nervousness was the maximum prevalent symptoms(98%), most prevalent physical symptom was lack of energy (89.25%). Vasomotor symptoms had mild moderate and severe impact on quality of life where the other symptoms had mild and moderate impact on quality of life. Menopausal symptoms had significant association with socio demographic variables. The results support the popular belief that menopause causes vasomotor, physical and psychological problems. From the findings of the present study it can be concluded that almost all areas or domains evaluated were impaired in menopausal women but the vasomotor and psychological symptoms affects women’s quality of life more than the physical and sexual symptoms of menopause

O papel do exercício físico na melhora da qualidade de vida de mulheres menopausadas

Introduction: Menopause is the last episode of menstrual bleeding. Occuring on average at 51 years of age, it is associated with hormonal changes that impact quality of life. In this sense, physical activity (PA) and physical exercise (PE) appear as alternatives to hormone therapy in order to reduce the symptoms of climacteric syndrome. Objective: To evaluate the role of PE in the perception of improved quality of life in menopausal women. Methodology: The study was carried out through the application of three questionnaires that deal with the level of PA (long IPAQ), climatic symptoms (MRS) and women's quality of life (QVM). Results: In the analysis of the classification based on MRS, there was a general tendency towards a greater menopausal symptom burden (p = 0.019) and an increase in the intensity of psychological symptoms (p = 0.035) in those women who did not practice PE. The QSM demonstrated that there are fewer climatic symptoms and better quality of life in women who practice PE, and this group had a less depressed mood (p = 0.026), somatic (p = 0.04) and cognitive (p = 0.032) symptoms than the group that does not practice PE. Final considerations: PE improves aspects of quality of life in postmenopausal women, while AF does not seem to be enough to cause symptomatic improvement.

Impact of menopause-associated frailty on traumatic brain injury

Navigating menopause involves traversing a complex terrain of hormonal changes that extend far beyond reproductive consequences. Menopausal transition is characterized by a decrease in estradiol-17β (E2), and the impact of menopause resonates not only in the reproductive system but also through the central nervous system, musculoskeletal, and gastrointestinal domains. As women undergo menopausal transition, they become more susceptible to frailty, amplifying the risk and severity of injuries, including traumatic brain injury (TBI). Menopause triggers a cascade of changes leading to a decline in muscle mass, accompanied by diminished tone and excitability, thereby restricting the availability of irisin, a crucial hormone derived from muscles. Concurrently, bone mass undergoes reduction, culminating in the onset of osteoporosis and altering the dynamics of osteocalcin, a hormone originating from bones. The diminishing levels of E2 during menopause extend their influence on the gut microbiota, resulting in a reduction in the availability of tyrosine, tryptophan, and serotonin metabolites, affecting neurotransmitter synthesis and function. Understanding the interplay between menopause, frailty, E2 decline, and the intricate metabolisms of bone, gut, and muscle is imperative when unraveling the nuances of TBI after menopause. The current review underscores the significance of accounting for menopause-associated frailty in the incidence and consequences of TBI. The review also explores potential mechanisms to enhance gut, bone, and muscle health in menopausal women, aiming to mitigate frailty and improve TBI outcomes.

Efficacy and Safety of Shatavari Root Extract for the Management of Menopausal Symptoms: A Double-Blind, Multicenter, Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background Menopause is a physiological state that occurs in all women and refers to the halt of the reproductive phase. The cessation of the reproductive phase occurs through various stages and presents different symptoms such as hot flashes, night sweats, insomnia, anxiety, depression, and irritability. Such pre- and post-menopausal symptoms may affect the daily activities and production capacities of women, impacting the quality of life (QoL) of women. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is primarily used to manage menopausal symptoms. However, various side effects have been reported related to HRT. Therefore, women are choosing alternative medicine such as Ayurveda that can benefit them with less or no adverse effects. Shatavari (Asparagus racemosus) is known in Ayurveda as an effective medicinal plant source for various women's health remedies since ancient times.This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the Ayurvedic Shatavari formulation on menopausal symptoms compared to the placebo. Methodology This is a randomized, double-blinded, multicenter, placebo-controlled, clinical study. Altogether, 70 patients were randomized to two groups, i.e., the test group (active group) and the placebo group (microcrystalline cellulose), with 35 participants in each group. Results The study outcomes showed a positive and significant effect of the active test ingredient over the placebo in terms of reduction in hot flashes, night sweats, insomnia, anxiety, nervousness, vaginal dryness, and loss of libido. The Utian QoL improved significantly in the test group compared to the placebo group. No significant adverse events were recorded in the test group, suggesting the safety of this formulation. Conclusions The test compound could be a safe alternative to modern drugs. The findings of this study support the traditional use of Shatavari. Further clinical and pharmacological studies with longer duration and larger and more diverse sample sizes are required to understand the generalized effect of Shatavari root extract in menopausal women.

Effect of silver nanoparticles formulated by Silybum marianum on menopausal urinary incontinence in ovariectomized rats

Abstract Urinary incontinence is the major sign of menopause genitourinary syndrome and is usually related to the sexual dysfunctions. Fifty percent of menopausal women have menopausal urinary tract. Menopause genitourinary syndrome is a hypoestrogenic condition with external sexual, urological, and genital implications. The production of estrogen decline after menopause is an important parameter for urinary incontinence. Recently, nanotechnology has been applied as a remedial option for the genitourinary disease treatment. Silver nanoparticles were mediated by the Silybum marianum aqueous extract for the menopausal urinary incontinence treatment in ovariectomized rats in the current experiment. The green-formulated AgNPs@Silybum marianum were characterized by FT-IR, TEM, SEM, and UV–Vis. The SEM findings prove the spherical morphology with size of 15–60 nm. The ovariectomized rats were treated by AgNPs@Silybum marianum (5 and 20 µg/kg/day) for 56 days. According to the results, AgNPs@Silybum marianum increased the urinary bladder weight and reduced the body weights in comparison with the untreated rats. AgNPs@Silybum marianum rats indicated a dose-dependent amelioration for the acetylcholine contraction index. AgNPs@Silybum marianum also ameliorated the levels of serum 17β-estradiol, urinary bladder hydroxyproline, triglyceride, cholesterol, LDL, HDL, ALP, AST, and ALT in the ovariectomized rats. Based on the experiment results, the recent formulation may be applied for the menopausal urinary incontinence treatment in humans after performing the clinical research.

Reliability, costs, and radiation dose of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in diagnosis of radiologic sarcopenia in surgically menopausal women.

The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare reliability, costs, and radiation dose of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to MRI and CT in measuring muscle mass for the diagnosis of sarcopenia. Thirty-four consecutive DXA scans performed in surgically menopausal women from November 2019 until March 2020 were analyzed by two observers. Observers analyzed muscle mass of the lower limbs in every scan twice. Reliability was assessed by calculating inter- and intra-observer variability. Reliability from CT and MRI as well as radiation dose from CT and DXA were collected from literature. Costs for each type of scan were calculated according to the guidelines for economic evaluation of the Dutch National Health Care Institute. The 34 participants had a median age of 58years (IQR 53-65) and a median body mass index of 24.6 (IQR 21.7-29.7). Inter-observer variability had an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.997 (95% CI 0.994-0.998) with a relative variability of 0.037 ± 0.022%. Regarding intra-observer variability, observer 1 had an ICC of 0.998 (95% CI 0.996-0.999) with a relative variability of 0.019 ± 0.016% and observer 2 had an ICC of 0.997 (95% CI 0.993-0.998) with a relative variability of 0.016 ± 0.011%. DXA costs were €62, CT €77, and MRI €195. The estimated radiation dose of CT was 2.5-3.0mSv, for DXA this was 2-4 µSv. DXA has lower costs and a lower radiation dose, with low inter- and intra-observer variability, compared to CT and MRI for assessing lower limb muscle mass. Netherlands Trial Register; NL8068. DXA is a good alternative for CT and MRI in assessing lower limb muscle mass, with lower costs and lower radiation dose, while inter-observer and intra-observer variability are low. • Screening for sarcopenia should be optimized as the population ages. • DXA outperformed CT and MRI in the measured metrics. • DXA validity should be further evaluated as an alternative to CT and MRI for sarcopenia evaluation.

Dietary Supplementation of Myo-Inositol, Cocoa Polyphenols, and Soy Isoflavones Improves Vasomotor Symptoms and Metabolic Profile in Menopausal Women with Metabolic Syndrome: A Retrospective Clinical Study.

Background and Objectives: Hormonal changes physiologically occurring in menopausal women may increase the risk of developing metabolic and vasomotor disturbances, which contribute to increase the risk of developing other concomitant pathologies, such as metabolic syndrome (MetS). Materials and Methods: Retrospective data from 200 menopausal women with MetS and vasomotor symptoms taking one sachet per day of the dietary supplement INOFOLIC® NRT (Farmares srl, Rome, Italy) were collected. Each sachet consisted of myo-Inositol (2000 mg), cocoa polyphenols (30 mg), and soy isoflavones (80 mg, of which 50 mg is genistin). Patients recorded their symptoms through a medical questionnaire at the beginning of the administration (T0) and after 6 months (T1). Results: We observed an improvement in both the frequency and the severity of hot flushes: increased percentage of 2-3 hot flushes (28 at T0 vs. 65% at T1, p value < 0.001) and decreased percentage of 4-9 hot flushes (54% at T0 vs. 18% at T1, p value < 0.001). Moreover, symptoms of depression improved after supplementation (87% at T0 vs. 56% at T1 of patients reported moderate depression symptoms, p value < 0.001). Regarding metabolic profile, women improved body mass index and waist circumference with a reduction in the percentage of overweight and obesity women (88% at T0 vs. 51% at T1, p value = 0.01; 14% at T0 vs. 9% at T1, p value = 0.04). In addition, the number of women suffering from non-insulin dependent diabetes reduced (26% at T0 vs. 16% at T1, p value = 0.04). Conclusions: These data corroborate previously observed beneficial effects of the oral administration of myo-Inositol, cocoa polyphenols, and soy isoflavones against menopausal symptoms in the study population. Considering the promising results of the present study, further prospective controlled clinical trials are needed to deeply understand and support the efficacy of these natural compounds for the management of menopausal symptoms.

Pelvic floor muscle training patient reported Outcome Measures (PROM) (PFMT-P): Turkish adaptation and its validity and relibiality

ObjectiveAlthough there are several patient reported outcome measures (PROM) regarding knowledge, source of knowledge and practice about pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT), there is a lack of a valid and reliable PROM that includes the practice component of PFMT along with knowledge and source of knowledge. There is no valid and reliable measurement tool in Turkish used for this purpose. In this context, the aim of our study is to evaluate the psychometric properties of Pelvic Floor Muscle Training Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROM) (PFMT-P) and to test whether it is a valid and reliable measurement tool for Turkish women. Study designThis study has been carried out psychometric testing (validity and reliability) of a new assessment tool concerning PFMT-P. A total of 170 female healthcare professionals (midwives, nurses, doctors, physiotherapists) who were between the ages of 23 and 49 and who volunteered to participate were included in the study. SPSS 25.0 and LİSREL 8.80 statistical programs were used for the analysis of data. Descriptive statistics were evaluated with numbers, percentages and means. Content validity index and confirmatory factor analysis were used for validity. Cronbach Alpha value and test–retest were used for reliability. Level of significance was p < 0.05. ResultsContent validity index (CVI) was found to be 0.96 for the overall scale. Model fit indices were found as perfect and good matched. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was found as 0.813 for the overall scale. Test-retest correlation was found as 0.658, it was 0.998 for practice component and 0.997 for source of knowledge component and a positive, significant and high correlation was found. ConclusionsIt has been determined that PFMT-P is a valid and reliable measurement tool suitable for Turkish culture. With this, it is a short, comprehensive and useful tool that can be used in both pregnancy and the postpartum period for women of reproductive age or menopause.

Adherence to a Mediterranean diet is not associated with severity of menopausal symptoms: a cross-sectional analysis of Australian peri-menopausal and menopausal women

During the menopausal transition, women often encounter a range of physical and psychological symptoms which negatively impact on health-related quality of life (HRQoL)(1). Diet quality has previously been identified as a modifiable factor associated with mitigating the severity of these symptoms in peri-menopausal and menopausal women(2). We therefore explored the independent associations between adherence to a Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) and the severity of menopausal symptoms in peri-menopausal and menopausal women living in Australia. We also explored the association between MedDiet adherence and HRQoL in this same cohort of women. We conducted a cross-sectional study of Australian peri-menopausal or menopausal women aged between 40 to 60 years. An 86-item self-administered questionnaire was used to assess the relationship between adherence to a MedDiet and severity of symptoms. MedDiet adherence was assessed using the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS), the Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) was used to assess the severity of menopausal symptoms related to somatic, psychological and urinary-genital symptoms and the 36-item short form survey instrument (SF-36) was used to assess HRQoL. Multivariable linear regression analysis (and 95% CI) was used to investigate the independent association between adherence to a MedDiet, severity of menopausal symptoms and HRQoL subscales using one unadjusted and five adjusted predictor models. A total of n = 207 participants (50.7 ± 4.3 years; BMI: 28.0 ± 7.4 kg/m2) were included in the final analyses. Participants reported low-moderate adherence to a MedDiet (5.2 ± 1.8; range: 1-11). We showed that MedDiet adherence was not associated with severity of menopausal symptoms. However, when assessing individual dietary constituents of the MEDAS, we showed that low consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (&lt;250ml per day) was inversely associated with joint and muscle complaints, independent of all covariates (β = −0.149; CI: −0.118, −0.022; P = 0.042). Furthermore, adherence to a MedDiet was positively associated with the physical function subscale of HRQoL (β = 0.173, CI: 0.001, 0.029; P = 0.031) and a low intake of red and processed meats (≤ 1 serve per day) was positively associated with the general health subscale (β = 0.296, CI: 0.005, 0.014; P = &lt;0.001), independent of all covariates used in the fully adjusted model. Our results suggest that diet quality may be related to severity of menopausal symptoms and HRQoL in peri-menopausal and menopausal women. However, exploration of these findings using longitudinal analyses and robust clinical trials are needed to better elucidate these findings.

The Effect of Physical Activity on Postural Abilities in Menopausal Women

Introduction Menopause marks a significant physiological transition in a woman’s life, often accompanied by various health challenges. Understanding the impact of physical activity on postural abilities in menopausal women is crucial for promoting their overall well-being during this transformative stage.ObjectivesThe aim of our study was to investigate the effect of a physical activity program on postural abilities, psychological well-being, and the quality of life of menopausal women.Methods Nineteen menopausal women, averaging 56±3 years of age, participated in a 12-week Zumba-style physical training program, consisting of three 50-minute sessions per week. The exercise regimen incorporated aerobic workouts, muscle conditioning, balance exercises, and flexibility training, predominantly inspired by Latin dances. Postural balance was evaluated using a stabilometric force platform, measuring the average velocity of the center of pressure (COPvm) under open eyes (OE) and closed eyes (CE) conditions on both firm and soft surfaces. Quality of life and mood were assessed using the SF-36 questionnaire (Short Form Survey-36) and the BMIS score (Brief Mood Introspection Scale). Assessments were conducted before (pre-test) and after (post-test) the 12-week training period.Results The findings revealed a significant decrease in COPvm values in the post-test for both conditions (on a firm surface: OE p=0.05, CE p=0.01; on a soft surface: OE p=0.001, CE p=0.05). Additionally, improvements in mood (p=0.05) and quality of life (p=0.05) were observed compared to baseline values.ConclusionsThis study underscores the positive impact of Zumba-style physical training on postural abilities, mood, and quality of life among menopausal women. These results suggest that such exercise programs hold promise in reducing the risk and incidence of falls associated with menopauseDisclosure of InterestNone Declared

Hormones and Psychosis: The Role of Estrogen in Schizophrenia

IntroductionSchizophrenia is a complex psychiatric disorder in which biological sex differences, have been extensively documented and researched. What is less well described, is what motivates these differences. Of the various proposed and explored reasons, estrogen appears to be one that has maintained some interest and promise. An increase in symptoms of schizophrenia has been observed to correspond with decreasing levels of estrogen in menopausal women, this, allied to the later symptom onset, culminated in the interest in this hormone and its role in psychotic illness.ObjectivesThe authors aim to briefly explore the current evidence on the association between estrogen and schizophrenia. Its relevance in symptom onset, protective status and eventual therapeutic applications will also be discussed.MethodsThe authors conducted a brief non-structured narrative literature review using articles published in the Medline/Pubmed, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar databases. The keywords used during the research, alone or in combination, included: sex hormones, estrogen, schizophrenia and psychiatry.The studies consulted in this work included: cross-sectional studies, cohort studies, literature reviews and clinical case reports.ResultsThe literature exploring the relationship between the sex hormone, estrogen, and schizophrenia is extensive. Various studies confirm that during periods of estrogen withdrawal, women appear more susceptible to psychotic episodes. Results also demonstred that those with low estrogen, respond poorly to anti-psychotic drugs, whereas estrogen increased the efficiency of antipsychotics. In regards to symptoms, estrogen has been demonstrated to reduce the positive and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia in the short term, thus being proposed as an eventual complementary treatment in those suffering from the disorder. It is known that estrogen regulates important pathophysiological pathways in schizophrenia, including dopamine activity, mitochondrial function, and the stress system.One of the explanations for this beneficial effect has been proposed to be action on cerebral blood flow and glucoce metabilism, as well as sensitizing postsynaptic dopamine receptors, thus serving as a protective agent against schizophrenia.ConclusionsThe research appears to be pointing in the direction that estrogen appears to have an effect on psychosis in women, serving as a protective factor in these conditions as well as playing a significant part of the pathophysiology in schizophrenia. This influence on the pathophysiology, promises clinical pertinence, not only in a possible application so to attenuate positive and cognitive symptoms but also as a method to influence antipsychotic efficacy. Continued study in regards to the effects of sex hormones on the psychotic disorders is merited so as to further expand the tools in the mental health professional’s repertoire in the treatment of these serious mental illnesses.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Endothelin Level in Menopausal Women with Comorbidity of the Acute Phase Middle Severity COVID-19 with Arterial Hypertension and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

The levels of endothelins were assessed in menopausal women with arterial hypertension (AH) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the acute phase of the moderate COVID-19. Women under observation (age 45-69 years) were divided into two groups. Control group consisted of women (n=16) who did not have COVID-19, were not vaccinated, and had no antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 (IgG). The main group included women (n=63) in the acute phase of the moderate COVID-19 accompanied by pneumonia. According to the clinical and anamnestic data analysis, the main group was divided into subgroups: without AH and T2DM (n=21); with AH and without T2DM (n=32); and with AH and T2DM (n=10). The parameters of clinical blood analysis, as well as endothelin-1, endothelin-2, and endothelin-3 levels were assessed. In women with a moderate COVID-19, the endothelin-1 and endothelin-2 levels were increased compared to the control regardless of AH and T2DM status. We found no statistically significant differences in the studied parameters of endothelial dysfunction between the subgroups of menopausal women in the acute phase of the moderate COVID-19.

Nonhormone therapies for vasomotor symptom management.

Vasomotor symptoms (VMS) are associated with adverse health consequences and can cause significant morbidity for postmenopausal women. Although hormone therapy remains the gold standard of VMS treatment in menopausal women, some women have contraindications to or may choose not to take hormone therapy. This article provides an up-to-date overview of the current evidence-based nonhormone therapies available for managing VMS. Evidence supporting various treatment options is reviewed, including lifestyle interventions, mind-body therapies, procedures, pharmacologic agents, and emerging therapies, such as neurokinin-receptor antagonists. The efficacy, safety, and clinical use of these treatments are detailed, offering insights for clinicians to make informed decisions in menopausal VMS management.

Adopting strategies with menopausal experiences: A systematic review.

Menopause is one of the most significant stages in women's life. It is accompanied by many complications and a serious challenge. This study aimed to assess the menopause experiences of Iranian women and compatibility strategies. We searched PubMed, Web of Science (ISI), Scopus, Ovid, and the Iranian Clinical Trial Registry and Magiran, SID, from January 1990 to January 2021. Psychological effects, sexual disorders, physical problems, bone pain, insomnia, fatigue, and hot flashes are all menopause experiences. Cultural factors, lifestyle, social factors, education level, employment and economic status, marital status, and the number of pregnancies and births can influence this experience. It is important that menopausal women are aware how menopausal compatibility and prepare for this period. Many factors have affected menopausal adopting strategies. Negative emotions, negative attitudes, worry, and anxiety, and their psychological effects exacerbate the annoying experiences of menopause and decelerate menopausal adoption. Social support and educational intervention were the practical menopausal adopting strategies. It will guarantee the health of menopausal women in the last third of their lives.

Interplay Between Diabetes Mellitus and the Occurrence of Osteoarthritis and Associated Conditions in Women of Menopausal Age.

Osteoarthritis (OA) and diabetes mellitus (DM) have long-term deleterious chronic effects and are among the most prevalent chronic disorders. DM and its associated factors, such as hyperglycemia, have a significant contribution to the pathophysiology of OA, particularly in post-menopausal women. Women who have uncontrolled diabetes (DM) are more prone to develop osteoarthritis (OA), which may be exacerbated by poor glycemic control. Furthermore, this category of female patients with DM has an increased risk of developing fractures, even in those with initially normal bone density scores, further illustrating the correlation between DM and bone health. Additionally, multiple risk factors, including obesity, metabolic syndrome, hypertension, estrogen-based hormone therapy, and hyperuricemia, in menopausal women can lead to the development and exacerbation of OA. It is discovered that these variables have a direct or indirect impact, frequently causing inflammation and hormonal changes, which contribute to the intricate interaction between DM and OA. The management of OA and DM in womenthus calls for a multi-faceted management plan including glycemic control, weight control, exercise, and specialized pain management methods catering to the specific requirements of the patients. Regularly screening for OA should be implemented for menopausal women with DM and utmost care should be provided by healthcare professionals. Regular monitoring of joint health and early management, encouraging interdisciplinary cooperation, putting preventative measures into place, and creating individualized treatment programs are essential. A thorough understanding of the link between DM and OA will ultimately lead to improved health outcomes and a better future for these individuals.