Menopausal Syndrome Research Articles

Menopause, skin and common dermatosis. Part 3: genital disorders.

Oestrogen plays a vital role in maintaining a normal vulvovaginal epithelium, vaginal lubrication, as well as a healthy microbiome to ensure an acidic pH. The decrease in oestrogen levels in women going through menopause results in both physiological and physical changes of the genitourinary system, and more specifically the vulva. We conducted a literature review on the effects of low oestrogen levels on the physiology and function of the vulva and the vulvovaginal epithelium. 'Genitourinary syndrome of menopause' (GSM) is the term used to describe the signs and symptoms of a low oestrogen state. The symptoms and signs of GSM can overlap or coexist with other vulval dermatoses. Expert opinion is needed to diagnose and manage vulval dermatoses in menopause. This article will discuss the signs and symptoms of GSM, as well as the different management options available. Other vulval dermatoses that can be affected by hypo-oestrogenism are also reviewed.

Vulvovaginal atrophy in the peri- and post-menopause: relevance and impact on quality of life

Vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA) is detected in more than 50% of postmenopausal women, and at 4049 years of age, 15-19% of women have relevant signs. Atrophic changes in the female urogenital system are associated with hypoestrogenism, which results in the defective synthesis of collagen and elastin due to reduced functional activity of fibroblasts. Although the symptoms of genitourinary syndrome of menopause significantly impair the quality of life, women rarely seek medical help for urogenital symptoms, considering them a normal condition for the period of aging. We searched Cochrane Library, PubMed, Science Direct, and ELibrary databases for the keywords vulvovaginal atrophy, genitourinary syndrome of menopause, quality of life, epidemiology, and postmenopausal age for 20122022. The literature review suggests that the prevalence of VVA is extremely high but underestimated due to the infrequent seeking of medical care by female patients with relevant symptoms. The genitourinary syndrome of menopause dramatically impacts patients' quality of life, but not all women eligible for treatment receive it. One of the reasons for refusing hormonal treatment is patients' fear of the systemic effects of hormonal drugs. There is an unmet need for alternative non-hormonal therapies. The objective is to analyze and systematize the scientific data accumulated over the past ten years on the epidemiology of VVA, its impact on patients' quality of life, and the challenges in diagnosing and treating the disease.

Роль ендокринних факторів та маркерів клітинного стресу у прогнозуванні ефективності лікування клімактеричного синдрому в період перименопаузи

Women of menopausal age make up 10% of the world's population, and the problem of pathological menopause remains relevant today. Estrogen deficiency is considered to be the cause of menopause, so the use of replacement therapy is a pathogenetically sound method. It is possible that the immune system also plays a role in shaping the clinical picture. There is a certain relationship between estrogen levels and markers of intracellular stress. Studying the level of heat shock proteins as proven factors of cellular stress, along with endocrine factors, can become a reliable marker for the prognosis, course and compensation of disorders of the neurovegetative state of women in this period of life. Purpose - to study the role of levels of antimullerian, follicle-stimulating, luteinizing, thyroid-stimulating hormones, levels of antibodies (IgG) to human heat shock protein (Hsp60) and its bacterial homologue (Groel) in the prognosis, diagnosis and treatment of psychopathological manifestations in perimenopausal women. Materials and methods. The study examined 158 patients with perimenopausal menopausal syndrome between October 2019 and March 2022. The patients were divided into two groups. The 1st (main) group included 80 patients who agreed to receive treatment according to the standard regimen (combined treatment in a cyclic regimen (estrogens + gestagens), and the 2nd (comparative) group included 78 women who refused the proposed treatment Results. A decrease (p<0.001) in the risk of not achieving a high treatment effect was found for the main group, OR=0.12 (95% CI: 0.06-0.26) compared with the control group. It was found that a higher level of antibodies to GroEl, OR=0.989 (95% CI: 0.984-0.996), revealed a lower (p=0.001) risk of not achieving a high treatment effect. A higher body mass index (BMI) of a woman increases the risk of not achieving a high treatment effect (p<0.001), OR=1.19 (95% CI: 1.10-1.30) for every 1 kg/m2. When standardized by BMI, an integral indicator of psychopathological manifestations, taking into account the method of treatment and the level of antimullerian hormone, a decrease (p=0.039) in the risk of failure to achieve a high treatment effect was found for the main group, OR=0.16 (95% CI: 0.07-0.39) compared with the control group. Conclusions. It has been established that the most informative indicator for predicting the effectiveness of treatment of women with psychopathological manifestations is antimüllerian hormone. The data also show that the determination of the level of antibodies to GroEl correlates with the success of treatment of women with psychopathological manifestations of menopausal syndrome. The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of the institutions mentioned in the paper. Informed consent of women was obtained for the study. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.

Current challenges in the pharmacological management of genitourinary syndrome of menopause

ABSTRACT Introduction Genitourinary syndrome of menopause is caused by climacteric estrogens drop and leads to bothersome and progressive genital and urinary symptoms. Considering the high frequency in the population and the impact on quality of life, it is crucial to find a safe and effective treatment. Pharmacological therapies aim to modulate the hormonal system and reverse tissue changes due to hypoestrogenism and consequently the symptoms. Areas covered We analyzed the scientific evidence concerning the main pharmacological treatments, which include systemic and topical estrogens, prasterone and ospemifene. This literature review focused on recent safety and efficacy findings in an attempt to identify the best treatment choice for each individual patient. Expert opinion There are encouraging data regarding the efficacy of all currently available pharmacological options and concerning their short and long-term safety. There are still doubts regarding best treatment choice for oncological high-risk population, in particular for breast cancer survivors, and some issues relative to patients’ poor compliance and treatment adherence. For these reasons further studies need to be conducted with a patient-tailored focus.

Laser therapy for genitourinary syndrome of menopause: Emperor's new clothes or a meaningful advance?

Linked article: This is a mini commentary on Page et al., pp.312–319 in this issue. To view this article visit https://doi.org/10.1111/1471‐0528.17335

Laser versus sham for genitourinary syndrome of menopause: A randomised controlled trial.

To assess whether CO2 laser treatment is more effective than sham application in relieving the most bothersome symptom (MBS) in women with genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM). Single-centre, sham-controlled, double-blind, randomised trial. A tertiary centre in Belgium. Sixty women with moderate to severe GSM symptoms. All participants eventually received three consecutive laser and three consecutive sham applications, either first laser followed by sham, or conversely. The primary outcome was the participant-reported change in severity of the MBS at 12 weeks. Secondary outcomes included subjective (patient satisfaction, sexual function, urinary function) and objective (pH, Vaginal Health Index Score, in vivo microscopy) measurements assessing the short-term effect and the longevity of treatment effects at 18 months after start of the therapy. Adverse events were reported at every visit. The MBS severity score decreased from 2.86 ± 0.35 to 2.17 ± 0.93 (-23.60%; 95% CI -36.10% to -11.10%) in women treated with laser compared with 2.90 ± 0.31 to 2.52 ± 0.78 (-13.20%; 95% CI -22.70% to -3.73%) in those receiving sham applications (p=0.13). There were no serious adverse events reported up to 18 months. In women with GSM, the treatment response 12 weeks after laser application was comparable to that of sham applications. There were no obvious differences for secondary outcomes and no serious adverse events were reported.

The relationship between menopausal syndrome and gut microbes

BackgroundGut microbes were closely related to women’s health. Previous studies reported that the gut microbes of premenopausal women were different from those of postmenopausal women. However, little was known about the relationship between gut microbiota dysbiosis and menopausal syndrome (MPS). The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between MPS and gut microbes.MethodsPatients with MPS (P group, n = 77) and healthy women (H group, n = 24) at menopause were recruited in this study. The stool specimen and clinical parameters (demographic data, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E2), et al) of participants’ were collected. We evaluated the differences in gut microbes by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. We used LEfSe to identify gut microbes with varying abundances in different groups. The Spearman correlation coefficients of clinical parameters and gut microbes were calculated. PICRUSt was used to predict the potential KEGG Ortholog functional profiles of microbial communities.ResultsThe abundance of 14 species differed substantially between the MPS and menopausal healthy women (LDA significance threshold > 2.0) according to LEfSe analysis. Using Spearman’s correlation analysis, it was discovered that E2 had a positive correlation with Aggregatibacter segnis, Bifidobacterium animalis, Acinetobacter guillouiae (p < 0.05, these three species were enriched in menopausal healthy women), while FSH and LH had a negative correlation with them (p < 0.05). KEGG level3 metabolic pathways relevant to cardiovascular disease and carbohydrate metabolism were enriched in the MPS (p < 0.05), according to functional prediction by PICRUST and analyzed by Dunn test.ConclusionThere was gut microbiota dysbiosis in MPS, which is reflected in the deficiency of the abundance of Aggregatibacter segnis, Bifidobacterium animalis and Acinetobacter guillouiae related to the level of sex hormones. In MPS individuals, species with altered abundances and unique functional pathways were found.

Sexual health in breast cancer survivors with genitourinary syndrome of menopause: it is only a dyspareunia issue?

Sexual health in breast cancer survivors with genitourinary syndrome of menopause: it is only a dyspareunia issue?

Sexual health in breast cancer survivors with genitourinary syndrome of menopause: it is only a dyspareunia issue?

Sexual health in breast cancer survivors with genitourinary syndrome of menopause: it is only a dyspareunia issue?

Who’s Afraid of the Goddess? Leopard’s Tails, Menopausal Syndrome: Terms of Debate within Archaeology

This article presents an insight into archaeological disputes around female Neolithic figurines, starting with a historical overview of main academic interpretations of the figurines. Furthermore, it introduces feminist approaches in archaeology related to figurines, showing how androcentric bias has undermined theories and methodologies. Çatalhöyük case-study serves as an example of contrasting narratives. The article argues that academic devaluation of Marija Gimbutas’ work within contemporary archaeology can be considered a litmus test which show the pervasiveness of gender bias in this disciplinary field. Among peculiar arguments against Gimbutas’ theories, there are: menopause syndrome, gynocentric agenda, and reverse sexism, all of which show how the archaeologists have focused on personal attacks rather than on serious academic discussion. In the end, all those rhetoric strategies have shifted scholars’ attention from the main issue which is rarely addressed: why is it that the Neolithic period is dominated by female figurines?

New vaginal moisturizer is well-accepted and reduces symptoms related to the genitourinary syndrome of menopause in Brazilian women

Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness and acceptability of a new vaginal moisturizer composed of a combination of humectants, moisturizers, bioadhesives, and viscosity polymers (sodium hyaluronate 0.1%, polycarbophil 1.5%, carbomer 1.5%, and glycerin 1%) for relief of vulvovaginal symptoms associated with genitourinary syndrome of menopause in Brazilian postmenopausal women. Methods: An open clinical trial was performed with 33 postmenopausal women between 47 and 68 years of age with genitourinary syndrome of menopause symptoms such as vaginal dryness accompanied by pain or discomfort during intercourse. Clinical efficacy in relieving symptoms of genitourinary syndrome of menopause and acceptability were assessed using a Likert scale questionnaire. Efficacy and safety were assessed through gynecological examination, which included visual inspection of the epithelium and vaginal contents, and determination of vaginal pH. Wilcoxon's non-parametric test and paired Student's t-test were used for statistical analyses.Results: After 3 weeks of treatment, most participants reported improvement in GSM symptoms like vaginal dryness (p&lt;0.001), discomfort during or after sexual intercourse (p&lt;0.001), pain during or after sexual intercourse (p&lt;0.001), vaginal odor (p=0.047) and itching (p=0.032) and good acceptability of the moisturizer. There was no alteration in the vaginal health index; however, a reduction in vaginal inflammation (p=0.046) was observed. No clinically significant adverse events were reported by participants. Conclusions: Treatment with non-hormonal vaginal moisturizer for 3 consecutive weeks in postmenopausal women with symptoms of genitourinary syndrome of menopause promoted improvements in vaginal hydration, showing a clinically adequate profile of efficacy and safety, in addition to a satisfactory degree of acceptability.

Menopause and genitourinary health: optimal support and correction of disorders

The vulva, vagina, lower urinary tract, and pelvic floor have the same embryonic origin. Thus, all of the abovementioned organs are equally sensitive to estrogen deficiency and menopausal hormone therapy due to expression of the respective receptors. Genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) is a concept first introduced in 2013 to provide a more complete definition of the consequences of estrogen deficiency in urogenital tissues and reflect the full range of vaginal and urinary symptoms that women experience during menopause. The term broadly reflects the condition, which, unlike the older term “vulvovaginal atrophy”, is not limited to a single symptom of dyspareunia and includes women who are not sexually active. The consequences of GSM significantly alter the quality of life of most menopausal women. Some patients with symptoms of vulvovaginal atrophy completely stop their sexual activity (58 %) and avoid sexual intimacy (55%). Various forms of urinary disorders also alter activities of daily living, sleep, sexual activity, and can lead to social isolation and loss of self-respect. Women with recurrent vulvovaginal infection often have to seek medical care. Estrogen therapy during menopause is pathogenetically justified. Estrogens administered intravaginally are more effective in relieving the symptoms of GSM, both objectively and subjectively, than their systemic use. Up to 40% of women receiving systemic menopausal hormone therapy do not have the expected effect of estrogens on the urogenital tract. If the symptoms of GSM prevail, it is advisable to consider monotherapy with local estrogens or combine it with systemic therapy instead of increasing a dose of the latter. The article presents a clinical case of a personalized approach to solving the issue of vulvovaginal atrophy combined with a mixed urinary incontinence (MUI) in a postmenopausal female patient.

Modern therapy for vasomotor symptoms of climacteric syndrome

As a result of the age-related decline in reproductive function, during the perimenopausal and postmenopausal periods female patients experience an estrogen deficiency state. Due to this state, symptoms of estrogen deficiency, which are combined into the concept of “climacteric syndrome”, begin to manifest. Climacteric syndrome is a complex of vegetative-vascular, mental, and metabolic-endocrine disorders that develop in women not only due to decrease in estrogen synthesis, but also the general ageing of the body. Clinical manifestations of the climacteric syndrome have a certain priority of development. With a decrease of the hormonal function of the ovaries, vasomotor disorders step forward. They represent all forms of autonomic regulation disorders, such as hot flashes, arterial pressure and pulse liability, respiratory disorders, hyperhydrosis, chills, and many others. In this article, the greatest emphasis is placed on the issue of vasomotor disorders, in particular hot flashes, in women of the perimenopausal and postmenopausal periods. Attention is paid to the medical and social component of the issue discussed. Given the fact that today the life expectancy of people, including women, is significantly increasing in the developed countries, a large number of females are faced with the issue of menopausal syndrome. The clinical manifestations of menopause not only have an extremely negative impact on the women’s quality of life, but also lay the groundwork for the development of more severe somatic disorders. The article also considers in detail the frequency of hot flashes, and the pathogenetic mechanisms of their development. The “gold standard” for the treatment of patients suffering from vasomotor disorders is particularly detailed. Today, the menopausal hormone therapy is recognized as the most effective therapeutic approach, which, subject to a personalized approach to patients and the absence of contraindications to its prescription, demonstrates high protective capabilities.

The effect of dynamic quadripolar radiofrequency on genitourinary atrophy and sexual satisfaction: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background:Physiologic processes such as childbirth and menopause can alter vulvovaginal aesthetic appearance, reduce sexual satisfaction, and cause symptoms of vulvovaginal atrophy which affects a woman’s quality of life. There is debate about whether dynamic quadripolar radiofrequency (DQRF) can be used to improve such conditions. We conducted a meta-analysis of studies among patients undergoing treatment with DQRF.Methods:We conducted a literature search without language or article type restriction in PubMed, Cochrane library and Web of Science from inception to June 1, 2022. We included studies that reported outcomes of DQRF treatment. Article selection and data extraction in a predesigned data extraction form were conducted in duplicate. Individual studies reported outcomes in terms of the pre- and post-intervention repeated measures. Meta-analysis combined results across studies to produce effect sizes using random effects model with 95% confidence intervals (CI) taking into account sampling variance to adjust the estimated precision. PROSPERO: CRD42021227752.Results:The search yielded 781 articles, from which 4 case series (127 participants) were included. Two studies reported a significant improvement in patient and medical evaluation assessments of vulvovaginal aesthetic appearance. Significant improvements were reported by three studies for patient assessed sexual satisfaction/discomfort, vaginal laxity and symptoms of genitourinary syndrome of menopause. Meta-analysis showed a trend towards improvement in aesthetic appearance (4 studies; 0.89; 95% CI –0.15 to 1.93; I2 75.0%) and sexual satisfaction (2 studies; 0.62; 95% CI –0.03 to 1.27; I2 0.0%).Conclusion:Dynamic quaripolar radiofrequency is a potentially promising intervention to improve vaginal laxity, appearance and sexual satisfaction, as observed in four monocentric case series. Further studies with a control group, well-defined methods of patient selection and longer follow-up periods are necessary to reach a definitive conclusion.

Current Situation and Demand for Continuing Medical Education (CME) for Obstetricians and Gynecologists.

ObjectiveTo explore the needs of obstetricians and gynecologists with different working years for the contents and forms of CME.MethodsThe online questionnaire was distributed on the largest academic training platform for obstetrics and gynecology in China from April 2020 to May 2020. The survey contents mainly included the training forms and training contents of CME, as well as the mastery of diseases by doctors with different working years.Results4458 questionnaires were returned, of which 3954 questionnaires were included in the study. There was a significant (p < 0.001) positive correlation between the mastery of 19 diseases by obstetricians and gynecologists with different working years. After adjusting for specialist departments, hospital grades, nature of units and ages, it was found that there was no statistically significant difference between the groups in gynecological endocrine-related diseases, such as precocious puberty/delayed puberty, and there was also no statistically significant difference between the groups of shorter working years in infertility, menopausal syndrome, hyperprolactinemia and premature ovarian failure.ConclusionThe most popular training content for obstetricians and gynecologists with different working years is common gynecological endocrine diseases, of which abnormal uterine bleeding, menopausal syndrome, polycystic ovarian syndrome and cervical lesions are the most selected diseases, and the most popular form of training is online.

Soy Milk as Pertinent Functional Food: Potential Benefits &amp; Health Concerns

Background: Soy products, such as soy milk, which is generally regarded as a viable nutritive and medicinal vegan food source globally, can be attributed with promoting human health. Cow milk and soy milk have comparable protein (between 7 and 12 g), fat (between 2.5 and 6 g), omega-3 fatty acids, peptides, and trypsin inhibitors. Certain issues with the usage of cow milk, such as allergenicity, lactose intolerance, the presence of cholesterol, and veganism, have increased global demand for vegan diets, with worries about health and the environment playing a big role. Purpose &amp; Scope: In vivo and in vitro investigations on soy milk have shown the mechanisms of bioactive isoflavones (genistein, daidzein, glycitein, saponins, phytates, and phytosterols). Soy acts as a balanced and therapeutic alternative in the fight against cancer prevention by preventing the disintegration of the extracellular matrix that encircles developing arteries and tumors, the reduction of blood insulin and cholesterol levels by maintaining glucose and lipid metabolism, the relief of menopausal syndromes, and effects of osteo-protection by modifying receptors, thus functioning as a safer transition to hormonal reversal. Summary and conclusion; More research on the therapeutic properties of soy milk as a functional food can be conducted. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the multiple health benefits, the current status of several conceivable soy milk products, and the possibility for additional research in other disciplines. An attempt was made to research the good and negative effects of isoflavones and bioactive compounds derived from soy. Factors to consider include administration, dosage, metabolism, the presence of endogenous estrogen, and toxicity studies

Sirtuin 3 Plays a Critical Role in the Antidepressant- and Anxiolytic-like Effects of Kaempferol.

An estimated 20% of women experience depression at some point during menopause. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT), as the main therapy for depression and other menopausal syndromes, comes with a few undesirable side effects and a potential increase in cancer and cardiovascular risk. Consequently, there is a dire need for the development of new therapies to treat menopausal depression. Oxidative stress combined with the decline in sex hormones might explain the occurrence of psychological symptoms characteristic of menopause. Therefore, antioxidants have been suggested as a promising therapy for aging-associated diseases, such as menopausal depression. As a flavonoid antioxidant, kaempferol might have a potential neuroprotective action. Hence, the study was conducted to assess the potential antidepressant action of kaempferol and clarify the underlying mechanism. The results show that kaempferol has potential beneficial effects on VCD-induced rodent model of menopausal depression and produces antioxidant effects as well as increases the deacetylation of superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) and the protein level of Sirtuin3 (Sirt3) in the hippocampus. On the contrary, Sirt3 depletion abrogated the antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like effects as well as antioxidant effects of kaempferol. In conclusion, kaempferol might produce antidepressant effects via upregulating the expression of Sirt3, the major deacetylase in mitochondria, and subsequently activate the mitochondrial antioxidases. These findings shed some light on the use of kaempferol or vegetables and herbs that contain kaempferol as a complementary therapy for menopausal depression.

Comparison of Severity of Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause Symptoms After Carbon Dioxide Laser vs Vaginal Estrogen Therapy

Vaginal estrogen for genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) should be used with caution in women with contraindications, highlighting the need for effective treatment alternatives. To compare the severity of GSM after vaginal laser vs estrogen therapy. The PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for articles published from database inception to April 8, 2022, with no language restrictions. Reference lists were also searched. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that compared the use of lasers with vaginal estrogen in adults were selected. Two investigators independently extracted data from included studies. The Cochrane risk of bias tool for RCTs was used to assess risk of bias of each study. A random-effects model was used to pool mean differences (MDs) with 95% CIs. Primary outcomes were Vaginal Analog Scale (VAS; higher scores indicate severer symptoms), Vaginal Health Index (VHI; higher scores indicate better vaginal health), Vaginal Maturation Index (VMI; higher scores indicate higher estrogen effect on the vaginal epithelium), Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI; higher scores indicate better female sexual function), and Sexual Quotient-Female (SQ-F; higher scores indicate better female sexual function) questionnaire scores. Urinary symptoms were assessed as an additional outcome. Data analyses were performed from April 9 to 12, 2022. A total of 6 RCTs with 270 women with GSM were included (135 were randomized to laser therapy and 135 to estrogen therapy; mean age ranged from 54.6 to 61.0 years). No significant differences were found between carbon dioxide laser and vaginal estrogen from baseline to the end of follow-up in overall VAS scores (MD, -0.16; 95% CI, -0.67 to 0.36; I2, 33.31%), VHI (MD, 0.20; 95% CI, -0.56 to 0.97; I2, 83.25%), VMI (MD, -0.56; 95% CI, -1.14 to 0.02; I2, 35.07%), FSFI (MD, -0.04; 95% CI, -0.45 to 0.36; I2, 41.60%), and SQ-F (P = .37 based on 1 study). Other questionnaire-based outcome measures demonstrated no difference between groups from baseline to the end of follow-up for changes in urinary symptoms. This systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs found that vaginal laser treatment is associated with similar improvement in genitourinary symptoms as vaginal estrogen therapy. Further research is needed to test whether vaginal laser therapy could be a potential treatment option for women with contraindications to vaginal estrogen.

Evaluation of the Clinical Efficacy of the Classic Prescription "Baihe Dihuang Decoction" Based on Meta-Analysis.

Purpose To explore the clinical application of Baihe Dihuang Decoction. To provide certain data support and theoretical basis for the clinical application of Baihe Dihuang Decoction in the future. Methods With “Baihe Rehmannia Tang” as the search term, the search was carried out on CNKI, VIP, Wanfang, PubMed and other databases. The statistical analysis of Baihe Dihuang decoction for treating diseases was obtained. Meta-analysis of the data was performed using RevMan 5.3 software to analyze the main therapeutic indicators of the disease. Results According to the 83 valid literature that can be found, it is shown that 17 are used for the treatment of depression, 14 are used for the treatment of menopausal syndrome, 24 are used for the treatment of insomnia, and 28 are used for the treatment of other diseases. Conclusion In the treatment of depression, menopausal syndrome, and insomnia combined with Baihe Dihuang Decoction can have a better therapeutic effect and diminish the incidence of adverse reactions. It provides a theoretical basis for the study and experimental study of its active components.

Pharmacognostical, Phytochemical and HPTLC Profile of Vayasthapana Gana Choorna and Vayasthapana Ghrita- A Poly-Herbal Compound

Menopausal syndrome is a grouping of signs and symptoms associated with menopause. In Ayurveda, menopause is referred to as 'Rajonivrutti' (and menopausal syndrome as Rajonivruttianubandhaja vyadhies). Menopause's long-term risks include osteoporosis, cardiac problems, and Alzheimer's disease. Aims and objective: To study the Pharmacognostic, Phytochemical and HPTLC of Vayasthapana Gana Choorna and Vayasthapana Ghrita. Material and methods: Pharmacognostic, phytochemical and HPTLC of Vayasthapana Gana Choorna and Vayasthapana Ghrita have been carried out as per standard protocol. Result: Vayasthapana Gana Choorna showed the presence of mesocarp, asicular crystals, stone cells, scleroids, brown content, starch grains, colencyma cells, rhomboidal crystals, pitted vessels, parenchyma cells, simple trichome. Phytochemical parameters showed refractive index 1.3660, specific gravity 0.913, acid value 1.285, iodine value 212.1085 and in HPTLC, Methanol extract of Vayasthapana Ghrita at 254nm showed 6 spots and at 366nm 2 spots whereas in methanol extract of Vayasthapana Gana Choorna at 254nm 5 spots and in 366nm 4 spots were present. Conclusion: The applied pharmacognostic and HPTLC method has been shown to be selective, linear, precise and accurate. The method will be useful for quality control of the raw material and pharmaceutical preparations.