Menopausal Metabolic Syndrome Research Articles

Functional state of the liver and endothelium in patients with menopausal metabolic syndrome

Aim. To assess the functional state of the liver and endothelium in patients with menopausal metabolic syndrome, depending on the degree of obesity. Materials and methods. 70 patients with menopausal metabolic syndrome and obesity of varying degrees with an average age of 49.9±1.1 years and 30 practically healthy women without obesity and liver pathology with an average age of 47.3±2.6 years (comparison group) who were in the early postmenopausal period were examined. All women underwent biometric and laboratory-instrumental examination, including assessment of biometric indicators, determination of estradiol levels in the blood, biochemical markers of cytolysis and cholestasis, markers of endothelial dysfunction, assessment of microvascular tone reaction with calculation of the thermal vasodilation index, ultrasound examination of the liver and calculation of the Hepatic steatosis index (HSI). Results. All patients with menopausal metabolic syndrome had a genoid type of obesity and hypoestrogenism. The level of estradiol decreased more significantly during the transition to the 1st degree of obesity (p=0.001). According to ultrasound and the HSI index, signs of liver steatosis were found in all patients with menopausal metabolic syndrome. Functional liver tests were within the reference values, 13% had an increase in the level of alkaline phosphatase, more significant in the group with grade 3 obesity (p=0.034). Laboratory markers of endothelial dysfunction were significantly higher in patients with menopausal metabolic syndrome than in the comparison group. The muscular and neurogenic index of thermal vasodilation significantly decreased in women with grade 1 obesity compared to the group with “pre-obesity“ (p=0.041 and 0.047). The lowest endothelial response was observed at the transition to the 1st degree of obesity in comparison with women with excess body weight. Conclusion. For patients with menopausal metabolic syndrome to assess the condition of the liver, it is recommended to conduct a comprehensive instrumental laboratory examination, including ultrasound examination of the liver, biochemical parameters and calculation of the steatosis index.

New perspectives on the use of melatonin in menopausal metabolic syndrome

Introduction Metabolic syndrome is a complex of disorders including abdominal obesity, impaired glucose tolerance, dyslipidemia, and arterial hypertension. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of the pineal hormone melatonin are of great importance for preserving body homeostasis, and potentially melatonin can be a a safe and effective agent in the complex treatment of menopausal women with metabolic syndrome.The aim of the study is to determine the prospects of using the epiphysis hormone melatonin in the complex treatment of menopausal metabolic syndrome based on the analysis of scientific publications.Material and methods The review includes data from studies on the effect of melatonin (MT) on the components of metabolic syndrome in periand postmenopausal women. Sources were searched for the period 2016–2023 in the international databases Medline, Scopus, Web of Science and the Russian scientific electronic library eLibrary by search words and phrases: melatonin, menopause, perimenopause, metabolic syndrome, obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, arterial hypertension.Results and Discussion The analysis of the literature data showed a number of advantages of the effect of exogenous MT preparations on individual components of metabolic syndrome, but some results were contradictory. Scientific evidence of MT influence on anthropometric indices, markers of glucose homeostasis, hemodynamic parameters and signs of body's inflammatory response, as well as multidirectional effects on lipid profile was found.Conclusion Given the multifunctionality and safety of exogenous MT preparations, its use in the complex therapy of menopausal metabolic syndrome should be considered.

Features of the formation of menopausal metabolic syndrome in arterial hypertension

Introduction. The concept of staging of cardiometabolic diseases (CMD) in the clustering of metabolic syndrome (MS) components is closely related to insulin resistance (IR), which depends on the status of sex hormones and age. It is assumed that the formation of menopausal MS starts in perimenopause due to changes in the functional state of the pituitary-ovarian axis. However, mechanisms explaining sex differences in IR, especially during the menopausal transition, have not been established.Aim. To evaluate the relationship of MS markers in a cohort of women aged 35–59 years without carbohydrate metabolism disorders with different functional state of the ovaries, depending on the presence of arterial hypertension (AH) and the influence of age-associated factors.Materials and methods. In 88 normoglycemic women aged 35–59 years with different functional state of the pituitary-ovarian axis and divided into 2 groups depending on the presence of hypertension, the following were determined: BMI, waist circumference (WC), levels of blood pressure (BP), triglycerides (TG), HDL cholesterol, FSH and estradiol, fasting glucose (FG), TyG index. SPSS (version 13) assessed ME (25–75%); intergroup differences according to the Mann-Whitney test; Correlation analysis according to Spearman and partial correlation were performed to level the effect of age.Results. The largest range of significant associations, independent of age and in tandem with it, was found only in the group of patients with hypertension: in OT and FG, which increase at FSH levels > 25 mU/l; lipid parameters among themselves and with FG; TyG with FSH and estradiol levels, and TyG with all parameters focusing on OT and HDL cholesterol.Conclusions. In the process of the formation of menopausal MS in AH, significant relationships of traditional CMD markers with the TyG index, which reflects the presence of IR through the relationship of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, are partially influenced by FSH and estradiol levels in tandem with age-associated indicators: the duration of AH and postmenopause.

Features of endocrine regulation in women with menopausal metabolic syndrome

<h3>ЦЕЛЬ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</h3> Изучение содержания лептина, инсулина и половых гормонов у женщин с<b></b> менопаузальным метаболическим синдромом для определения механизмов его развития. <h3>МАТЕРИАЛ И МЕТОДЫ</h3> Обследованы 184 пациентки, находившиеся в менопаузе до 5 лет. Основную группу составили 87 пациенток с метаболическим синдромом, группу сравнения — 97 женщин, не имевших метаболического синдрома. Объем обследования: общеклинические, иммуноферментные (гормональные) методы, антропометрия, биоимпедансный метод. Для статистической обработки использовали стандартный пакет SPSS Statistica 6.0 (русскоязычная версия) для Windows. <h3>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ</h3> У всех пациенток уровень лептина повышался с увеличением массы тела. В основной группе различия в содержании лептина начинались со значений индекса массы тела (ИМТ) от 31 до 35 кг/м², что соответствует I степени ожирения, причем, чем выше был ИМТ, тем большая разница отмечалась в содержании лептина. Между содержанием лептина и инсулина была выявлена прямая корреляция по шкале Чеддока (<i>r</i>=0,953; <i>p</i>=0,031), такая связь также установлена между содержанием инсулина и ИМТ (<i>r</i>=0,933; <i>p</i>=0,045), лептина и тиреотропного гормона (<i>r</i>=0,956; <i>p</i>=0,0302), лептина и уровня антител к тиреопероксидазе (<i>r</i>=0,697; <i>p</i>=0,326), лептина и кортизола (<i>r</i>=0,567; <i>p</i>=0,355). Установлено, что статистически значимые различия по уровню тиреотропного гормона были получены только в группе женщин с ожирением II степени (ИМТ 36—39 кг/м²). В остальных наблюдениях достоверных различий у женщин с одинаковым ИМТ не получено. Содержание свободного T₄ зависело от наличия метаболического синдрома у всех пациенток основной группы независимо от ИМТ (<i>p</i>=0,000). Кроме того, статистически высокозначимые различия были достигнуты по содержанию антител к тиреопероксидазе: у пациенток основной группы уровень антител к тиреопероксидазе был достоверно выше, чем в группе сравнения, что указывало на нарушение функции щитовидной железы и соответствовало изменениям уровня тиреотропного гормона у этих пациенток. <h3>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ</h3> У женщин с менопаузальным метаболическим синдромом повышение уровня лептина непропорционально массе тела, что косвенно указывает на развитие лептинорезистентности; имеется прямая сильная корреляция между уровнем лептина и инсулина, между показателем массы тела и уровнем инсулина; сильная корреляция между уровнем лептина и тиреотропного гормона. У женщин с метаболическим синдромом статистически значимо выше, чем в группе сравнения, уровни свободного кортизола и свободного тестостерона, при этом статистически значимо ниже уровень эстрадиола, что свидетельствует о возможном нарушении внегонадной гормональной конвертации.

Patterns of clinical presentation of climacteric syndrome and total body composition in women with menopausal metabolic syndrome

Introduction. Modern gynecological endocrinology widely discusses various disorders accompanying the onset of menopause. Metabolic disorders are one of the leading risk factors for the development of ischemic heart disease and vascular dystonia in menopausal women. That is why the drugs prescribed as part of menopausal hormone therapy are contraindicated for patients with severe metabolic disorders and predisposition to thrombosis. Women with a normal body mass index may develop the menopausal metabolic syndrome, since its presentations largely depend on the total body composition and the specific gravity of visceral adipose tissue.Aim. To assess the patterns of clinical presentation of menopause in women with metabolic menopausal syndrome.Materials and methods. In the furtherance of that aim, we examined 184 women who were in menopause 1 to 5 years at the age of 52 to 57 years (average age 54.2 ± 0.5 years). Of these, 87 were diagnosed with metabolic syndrome – they were included in the main group. The comparison group included 97 menopausal women without metabolic disorders.Results and discussion. We assessed the severity of clinical presentations and the total body composition of the patients in the selected groups. It has been established that the body mass index cannot serve as a criterion for evaluation of metabolic processes, despite the sufficient simplicity of its computation.Conclusions. The authentic view of the risks of metabolic disorders in menopausal women requires the study of total body composition.

17β-Estradiol, Drosperinone, and UDCA Effective in Cholestasis in Early Postmenopausal Syndrome

The aim of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) in combination with Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) in patients with menopause syndrome in combination with cholestasis to prevent metabolic complications. Materials and methods: 47 patients with menopause syndrome and cholestasis were monitored. Assessment of the patient’s condition was made during four visits. Collection of clinical and anamnestic data, appointment of examination were performed during the 1-st visit. Second visit - assessment of examination results, assessment of inclusion and exclusion criteria, questionnaire survey, prescription of therapy. At the 3rd and 4th visits 3 (12 weeks and 24 weeks ± 3 days after the second visit), the dynamics of clinical and laboratory parameters was assessed, and satisfaction and compliance with therapy were also recorded according to the IMPSS scale. Results and discussion: The findings suggest that 1 mg of 17-estradiol and 2 mg of drospirenone in combination with Ursodeoxycholic acid have an effective cupping of symptoms of menopause syndrome, while normalizing the lipid profile of patients, having a positive effect on the hepatobiliary system. Conclusion. The results of the study showed that the patients have problems with estrogendeficiency conditions characteristic of MS in early postmenopausal period. An important factor that reduces the violation of lipid metabolism in patients with menopausal metabolic syndrome and cholestasis is the concomitant administration of UDCA when prescribing MHT for long-term use.

Ovariectomy-Induced Hepatic Lipid and Cytochrome P450 Dysmetabolism Precedes Serum Dyslipidemia.

Ovarian hormone deficiency leads to increased body weight, visceral adiposity, fatty liver and disorders associated with menopausal metabolic syndrome. To better understand the underlying mechanisms of these disorders in their early phases of development, we investigated the effect of ovariectomy on lipid and glucose metabolism. Compared to sham-operated controls, ovariectomized Wistar female rats markedly increased whole body and visceral adipose tissue weight (p ˂ 0.05) and exhibited insulin resistance in peripheral tissues. Severe hepatic triglyceride accumulation (p ˂ 0.001) after ovariectomy preceded changes in both serum lipids and glucose intolerance, reflecting alterations in some CYP proteins. Increased CYP2E1 (p ˂ 0.05) and decreased CYP4A (p ˂ 0.001) after ovariectomy reduced fatty acid oxidation and induced hepatic steatosis. Decreased triglyceride metabolism and secretion from the liver contributed to hepatic triglyceride accumulation in response to ovariectomy. In addition, interscapular brown adipose tissue of ovariectomized rats exhibited decreased fatty acid oxidation (p ˂ 0.01), lipogenesis (p ˂ 0.05) and lipolysis (p ˂ 0.05) despite an increase in tissue weight. The results provide evidence that impaired hepatic triglycerides and dysregulation of some CYP450 proteins may have been involved in the development of hepatic steatosis. The low metabolic activity of brown adipose tissue may have contributed to visceral adiposity as well as triglyceride accumulation during the postmenopausal period.

Experience with alternative therapies in women with menopausal metabolic syndrome

You study the influence of alternative therapies drug «Klimadynon®» in menopausal’nym patients with metabolic syndrome in the climacteric syndrome, weight, blood pressure, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Surveyed 38 patients aged 45 to 61 years (mean age 53,6±0,6 years) who were in natural menopause and had a series of violations within the framework of the metabolic syndrome (excess weight or obesity on abdominal’nomu type 2, type IMD dislipidemiu, arterial hypertension). Correction for climacteric disorders has been appointed an alternate method of treatment – «Klimadynon®» to 1 tablet 2 times daily. Estimated climacteric syndrome using modified menopausal index (E.V. Uvarova, 1983), carbohydrate, lipid Exchange, anthropometric parameters, level of HELL originally, after 3 and 6 months of initiating treatment. Against the backdrop of the reception of an alternative method of treatment with «Klimadynon®» we got the better of menopausal syndrome: in 13,3 % of heavy gravity menopausal syndrome has moved to middle level, in 52,6 % of the average degree of menopausal syndrome has moved into easy. Accurately noted improvements in the level of blood sugar on an empty stomach, reducing insulinorezisten- tnosti in women with menopausal’nym metabolic syndrome with therapy. «Klimadynon®» anticonvulsant therapy has statistically significant antiaterogennomu shift indicator of lipid Exchange in women. A tendency towards lower body mass index, waist, blood pressure. Thus, the application of the «Klimadynon®» in women with abnormal klimaksom and menopausal’nym metabolic syndrome could be a good option alternative therapies and significantly improve their quality of life.

Ovariectomized rodents as a menopausal metabolic syndrome model. A minireview.

Bilateral ovariectomy is the best characterized and the most reported animal model of human menopause. Ovariectomized rodents develop insulin resistance (IR) and visceral obesity, the main risk factors in the pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome (MS). These alterations are a consequence of hypoestrogenic status, which produces an augment of visceral fat, high testosterone levels (hyperandrogenism), as well as inflammation, oxidative stress, and metabolic complications, such as dyslipidemia, hepatic steatosis, and endothelial dysfunction, among others. Clinical trials have reported that menopause per se increases the severity and incidence of MS, and causes the highest mortality due to cardiovascular disease in women. Despite all the evidence, there are no reports that clarify the influence of estrogenic deficiency as a cause of MS. In this review, we provide evidence that ovariectomized rodents can be used as a menopausal metabolic syndrome model for evaluating and discovering new, safe, and effective therapeutic approaches in the treatment of cardiometabolic complications associated to MS during menopause.

Cardiovascular risk markers in women with metabolic syndrome at the menopausal transition using multimodal non-drug therapies

Aim. To study the effect of non-drug strategies on the main markers of cardiovascular risk in women with menopausal disorders and metabolic syndrome (MS).Material and methods. Three hundred women aged 45-50 years with disorders during the menopausal transition and MS were ranked in 5 groups. In group I, following methods were used: standard treatment, physiotherapy, balneotherapy, multivitamins and minerals, as well as physical factors (vibration therapy, chromotherapy, melotherapy, aromatherapy, aeroionotherapy). In group II, chromotherapy was excluded from the above methods, in group III — vibration therapy, in group IV, physiotherapy was not used, in group V only standard treatment was used. We assessed blood pressure (BP), lipid profile, levels of glucose and serum insulin, and estimated the HOMA-IR index (Homeostasis Model Assessment — Insulin Resistance).Results. Complex treatment using physical factors contributed to the optimization of BP control, improved carbohydrate and fat metabolism. The simultaneous use of all the above physical factors made it possible to improve BP control and most significantly reduce after 6 months of therapy in patients with mild climacteric syndrome the HOMAIR index by 56,2% and the atherogenic index by 31,2%, and in patients with moderate climacteric syndrome — by 57,2% and 30,5%, respectively (p&lt; 0,0001). The decrease in the Green test was 55,3% and 39,9%, respectively (p&lt;0,0001).Conclusion. Non-drug strategies with physiotherapy help to reduce the manifestation of cardiovascular risk in women with MS at the menopausal transition, positively affecting modifiable factors and normalizing the activity of hypothalamicpituitary-gonadal axis. The priority is the simultaneous use of vibration therapy, chromotherapy, melotherapy, aromatherapy and aeroionotherapy.

Menopause: focus on additional therapy opportunities. Literature review

About 10% of the world's populations are menopausal women. This period coincides with the most active social and professional activities of almost every woman. In addition to typical manifestations, this age stage is characterized by menopausal metabolic syndrome, which is caused by estrogen deficiency and is found in 35–49% of women in older age groups.Modern approaches to the treatment and prevention of menopausal disorders include following principles: lifestyle changes, menopausal hormone therapy (MHT), non-hormonal therapy (drugs with hormone-like effects, phytoestrogens, selective modulators of estrogen receptors, β-alanine, sedatives, tranquilizers, and antidepressants), non-drug correction methods.According to the International Menopause Society recommendations (2016), MHT is a gold standard for prevention and treatment of menopausal disorders. However, the choice of MHT as a therapeutic standard is not always unambiguous and acceptable, because hormone therapy is associated with a number of side effects. In addition, there are a number of absolute contraindications for MHT. Therefore, the task of a gynecologist is to choose personalized (individual) therapy for menopausal disorders for each patient. Factors that must be considered when choosing between MHT and non-hormonal drugs include: severity and duration of menopause syndrome, presence of absolute and relative contraindications for MHT, patient’s desire, tolerance of the chosen method.Phytoestrogens (selective modulators of plant-derived estrogen receptors, which are structurally similar to endogenous estrogens) are well-researched among the means of non-hormonal therapy of menopausal patients. Due to their weak estrogenic action, they reduce the severity of menopausal syndrome without affecting the proliferative processes in the endometrium. Phytoestrogens are used by gynecologists in many countries for mild climacteric complaints and/or if there are absolute contraindications for MHT. One of these drugs is Climona® that is contains biologically active components of plant origin (hop cones, cimicifuga root, dioscorea root, vitamin D, α-lipoic acid), which have been shown to be effective in decrease of menopause manifestations and reducing menopausal metabolic syndrome

Менопаузальный метаболический синдром и риски назначения менопаузальной гормональной терапии. Пути решения

Climacteric is a physiological period of woman’s life starting from the decline in ovarian activity until the end of ovarian function. This period is commonly accompanied by the development of menopausal metabolic syndrome characterized by the increase in visceral fat mass, insulin resistance, and hyperinsulinemia which result in the disorders of carbohydrate, lipid, and purine metabolism. This paper reviews the factors increasing the risk of metabolic syndrome during menopause. Diagnostic techniques for metabolic syndrome are described. Treatment approaches to menopausal metabolic syndrome, the potentialities and specifics of menopausal hormone therapy (MHT), its anticipated effects are discussed. The difficulties with MHT are accounted for by the lack of an optimal medication which will maintain the functioning of cardiovascular system, skeletal system, brain, and optimal weight and also has a minimal risk of side effects and complications. Meanwhile, adequate MHT for climacteric disorders in perimenopausal and early postmenopausal women is an effective and safe treatment for menopausal metabolic syndrome considered as a prerequisite for cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. KEYWORDS: menopause, climax, metabolic syndrome, obesity, hypertension, diabetes, menopausal hormone therapy, venous thromboembolism. FOR CITATION: Esedova A.E., Urudzheva N.G., Il’ina I.Yu. Menopausal metabolic syndrome and the risks of menopausal hormone therapy: the solutions. Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health. 2020;3(4):260–266. DOI: 10.32364/2618-8430-2020-3-4-260-266.

The regulatory effect of genistein on P450 aromatase and follicle-stimulating hormone receptor in mouse experimental model of menopausal metabolic syndrome.

In order to investigate the mechanism of genistein (Gen) in the treatment of climacteric syndrome, an in vivo study was performed to investigate the beneficial effects of genistein on the expression of P450 aromatase (P450 arom) and follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) in the mouse ovary and uterus. Fifty female ICR mice (45±5g, n=50), aged 12months, were divided into the following five groups with 10 animals in each: blank control group (CG), low-dose genistein group (L-Gen), middle-dose genistein group (M-Gen) and high-dose genistein group (H-Gen) (received 15, 30 and 60mg/kg of genistein, respectively), and oestrogen group (EG; received 0.5mg/kg diethylstilbestrol). The expression levels of the FSHR protein were determined by an immunohistochemical staining method. The expression of P450 arom, Cytochrome P450 19 (CYP19) and FSHR was quantified by real-time PCR. Immunohistochemical results showed that the expression levels of the FSHR protein in the M-Gen (average stained area: 20.79) and the H-Gen (average stained area: 21.21) groups were significantly stronger than in the CG (average area was 17.24) group (p<.05). The expression levels of CYP19 mRNA and P450 arom were positively correlated with the dose of genistein. Specifically, the relative expression levels in the H-Gen and EG groups were more than 1.5 times higher than in the CG group (p<.05). Genistein played a significant role in regulating aromatase and FSHR gene expression to improve perimenopausal ovarian and uterine function.

Conjugated Estrogens and Bazedoxifene Improve β Cell Function in Obese Menopausal Women.

ContextStudies suggest that menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) prevents type 2 diabetes (T2D). The combination of conjugated estrogens (CE) with the selective estrogen receptor modulator bazedoxifene (BZA) is an MHT that improves obesity and T2D in preclinical models of menopausal metabolic syndrome. The effect of CE/BZA on adiposity and glucose homeostasis in obese postmenopausal women is unknown.ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of CE/BZA on body composition, glucose homeostasis, and markers of inflammation in obese postmenopausal women.Research Design, Intervention, and ParticipantsRandomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot trial of 12 obese menopausal women assigned to 12-week treatment with CE 0.45 mg/BZA 20 mg (n = 7) or placebo (n = 5). At baseline and after 12 weeks, we assessed body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), glucose homeostasis (IV glucose tolerance test), and inflammation biomarkers.ResultsWomen treated with CE/BZA exhibited increased β cell function using homeostatic model assessment-B [median (interquartile range) CE/BZA vs placebo: 18.5 (−0.9 to 320.6) μU/mM vs −25.5 (−39.9 to −0.1) μU/mM; P = 0.045], and decreased basal glucose concentrations (Gb) [−5.2 (−9.2 to −1.7) mg/dL vs 2.7 (0.9 to 4.9) mg/dL; P = 0.029]. Insulin sensitivity was higher in the placebo arm [1.35 (1.12 to 1.82) (μU/mL) min−1 vs −0.24 (−1.50 to 0.19) (μU/mL) min−1; P = 0.029]. No changes between treatment groups were observed for the acute insulin response to glucose (AIRg), the disposition index (DI), body composition, and inflammatory biomarkers.ConclusionsA 12-week treatment of obese postmenopausal women with CEs/BZA improves fasting β cell function and glucose concentrations without change in AIRg, HOMA-IR, DI, body composition, or markers of inflammation.

The relationship between menopausal symptoms and metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal women

The most common symptoms during menopausal transition and menopause are vasomotor symptoms. We aimed to investigate the relationship between menopausal symptoms and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in postmenopausal women. Two hundred and fifty-four and 317 postmenopausal women were in the MetS and non-MetS groups, respectively. The total menopause rating scale and psychological subscale scores were higher in the MetS group than the non-MetS group, and the differences were significant (p < .05). A positive correlation was found between the abdominal circumferences, systolic-diastolic blood pressures, triglycerides and total MRS scores. However, a significant positive correlation was found between the abdominal circumference and total urogenital scores (p = .008).Impact statementWhat is already known on this subject? MetS and its dominant component (abdominal obesity) significantly increase the prevalence and severity of menopausal symptoms. Data regarding the relationship between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and vasomotor symptoms remain limited.What do the results of this study add? We showed that sleeping problems, depressive symptoms and bladder problems were more frequently encountered in the MetS group than in the non-MetS group (p<0.05).What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? There is a need for more randomised controlled studies to demonstrate the relationship between MetS and the severity of menopausal symptoms.

Melatonin use in menopausal metabolic syndrome treatment.

Women in menopause have increased risk of such diseases, which is caused by nonreversible hormonal changes in the organism. At the current moment, it is well-known that in menopause conditions the decrease not only of the reproductive hormones level, but also of the epiphyseal melatonin hormone level, is observed. It was found out that parasecretion of the indoleamine is observed in the menopausal metabolic syndrome conditions. The scientific publications search was held in Russian and international data bases in the Russian and English languages. The article focuses on the experience of melatonin use in the complex therapy of metabolic syndrome, including women in post menopause. The results of researches, in which the melatonin influence on separate metabolic syndrome symptoms is studied, are examined in the article. Moreover, the article observes several scientific works, in which melatonin was used in metabolic syndrome treatment as a means of monotherapy. The analysis of the data allows us to conclude, that melatonin may be effectively used in the complex metabolic (including menopause) syndrome treatment.

Melatonin in menopausal metabolic syndrome formation.

Women’s life has changed considerably during the last decades. Often it can be characterized by hypodynamia, high-energy, refined diet, disturbance of circadian rhythms (working in shifts, staying for a long time in front of the TV screen or computer). All these factors, as well as, hormonal changes, which are connected with reduction of women’s reproductive function, increase the risk of metabolic syndrome. Thus, search of new therapeutic agent is currently taking place. Such medicament should effect on all symptoms of metabolic syndrome, and at the same time should be well co-administered with other drugs. Probably, one of such drugs is melatonin. The literature search was held in Russian (elibrary, cyberleninka.ru) and international (pubmed, wiley online library) data bases for the last seven years. Free access to the full document was of top-priority. The choice was limited by two languages: Russian and English. The article contains information about the metabolic syndrome frequency in a population, and metabolic changes in women’s organism in post-menopause. The article focuses on the role of melatonin in the menopause metabolic syndrome formation. Mechanisms of the melatonin influence on all the metabolic syndrome components: obesity, arterial hypertension, blood lipids changes, and insulin resistance are studied. The correlation between the melatonin secretion decrease and the atherosclerosis and diabetes mellitus type II formation is observed. The article contains data about animal experiences and the melatonin use for its management in biological models. It is proved that melatonin has positive influence on metabolic syndrome symptoms in animal studies.

Association of polymorphisms of ADIPOQ, APOA5 and APOC3 genes with menopausal metabolic syndrome in Uzbek population of women

Association of polymorphisms of ADIPOQ, APOA5 and APOC3 genes with menopausal metabolic syndrome in Uzbek population of women

Jiawei Erzhiwan improves menopausal metabolic syndrome by enhancing insulin secretion in pancreatic β cells

Menopausal metabolic syndrome (MMS) is a series of syndrome caused by ovarian function decline and hormone insufficiency, and is a high risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Erzhiwan (EZW), composed of Herba Ecliptae and Fructus Ligustri Lucidi, is a traditional Chinese herbal formula that has been used to treat menopausal syndrome for many years. We added Herba Epimedii, Radix Rehmanniae, and Fructus Corni into EZW, to prepare a new formula, termed Jiawei Erzhiwan (JE). The present study was designed to determine the anti-MMS effects of JE using ovariectomized (OVX) adult female rats that were treated with JE for 4 weeks, and β-tc-6 cells and INS cells were used to detected the protect effectiveness of JE. Our results showed JE could increase insulin sensitivity and ameliorated hyperlipidemia. Metabolomics analysis showed that the serum levels of branched and aromatic amino acids were down-regulated in serum by JE administration. Moreover, JE enhanced the function of islet β cells INS-1 and β-tc-6, through increasing the glucose stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS), which was abolished by estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist, indicating that JE functions were mediated by ER signaling. Additionally, JE did not induce tumorigenesis in rat mammary tissue or promoted proliferation of MCF-7 and Hela cells. In conclusion, our work demonstrated that JE ameliorated OVX-induced glucose and lipid metabolism disorder through activating estrogen receptor pathway and promoting GSIS in islet β cells, thus indicating that JE could be a safe and effective medication for MMS therapy.

The influence menopausal metabolic syndrome on psycho-emotional status of the women

The metabolic syndrome (MetS) beside in peri- and postmenopausal women vastly reduces their quality of life. One of forming estimations quality of life is a change on the part of the psycho-emotional status of the women. The purpose of the study Determination of the influence menopausal MetS beside peri- and postmenopausal women on psycho-emotional sphere to their life. The organized study 581 peri- and postmenopausal women (45-55 years). Depending on presence or absences component MetS, all women were divided into 2 groups - with presence of the criterion MetS (1 group, n =470) and without MetS (2 groups, n =111). Stating the diagnosis, MetS were a criteria IDF (2005). The estimation of presence and degree anxiety and depression conducted on the grounds of Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale. The estimation of the psychic status conducted by means of Mini Mental State Examination. The 1-group women practically in 1,5 once was more often revealed subclinical expressed anxiety (30%) and depression (21,9%), than beside 2 groups (21,6 and 17,2%). Cognitive frustration - beside 5,1% and 2,7%. Either as at recommendations of the interpreting the test MMSE, after undertaking the treatment anxiety and depression beside women with component MetS, us again marked women of the 1 group. It is revealed that in spite of reduction sign anxiety and depression in 2 times practically, accordingly on group, improvement cognitive status was flat. Reasonable alongside with psycho-corrective therapy to conduct the preventive maintenance and treatment menopausal MetS for the reason improvements quality of life getting old women.