Menofia Governorate Research Articles

Identification of Acanthamoeba genotype T4 in three drinking water treatment plants in Menofia Governorate.

Identification of Acanthamoeba genotype T4 in three drinking water treatment plants in Menofia Governorate.

Risk Factors Associated with Common Infectious Diseases in Beef Cattle in Menofia Governorate

Risk Factors Associated with Common Infectious Diseases in Beef Cattle in Menofia Governorate

The psychopathology among the offspring of schizophrenia and bipolar I disorder patients in an Egyptian sample: A comparative study.

A variety of psychiatric illnesses can develop in children of parents who suffer from bipolar affective disorder. The purpose of the research was to investigate, among the offsprings of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder type I, the prevalence of a variety of psychiatric diseases as well as a range of behavioral abnormalities. This was a cross-sectional observational comparative study. The outpatient psychiatric clinics at Shebin Elkom Mental Health Hospital, Menofia Governorate, Egypt 500 offspring (there were 250 offspring of parents both diagnosed with schizophrenia and 250 offsprings born to parents with bipolar affective disorder). Statistically significant association of male gender with somatic complaints, social problems, and attention problems in the bipolar offspring group. In addition, there was a statistically significant association between female gender and anxiety or depression in the bipolar offspring group. Moreover, there was a statistically significant association between male gender and thought problems and aggressive behavior in the schizophrenia group. Assessment of psychiatric symptoms using K-SADS in relation to gender revealed a statistically significant association of male gender with affective disorder, behavioral disorder, and substance use disorder in the bipolar offspring group. Moreover, there was a statistically significant association between female gender and psychotic disorder in the schizophrenia group. We concluded that offspring with bipolar illness had a significant association with somatic symptoms, anxiety/depressive disorder, social issues, attention problems, and aggressive behavior. Schizophrenia offspring were strongly related to thought issues.

Molecular Characterization of Virulence genes in Pseudomonas Species Isolated from Bulk tank Milk in El Menofia Governorate

Molecular Characterization of Virulence genes in Pseudomonas Species Isolated from Bulk tank Milk in El Menofia Governorate

Molecular detection and phylogenetic analysis of recent isolate of lumpy skin disease virus from clinical cases in Menofia governorate between 2018 to 2020 based on GPCR gene.

Molecular detection and phylogenetic analysis of recent isolate of lumpy skin disease virus from clinical cases in Menofia governorate between 2018 to 2020 based on GPCR gene.

Archaeogeophysical investigation using magnetic and GPR surveys at Tal-Baltus, Menofia Governorate, Egypt

Archaeogeophysical investigation using magnetic and GPR surveys at Tal-Baltus, Menofia Governorate, Egypt

Studies on Pesticides Residues in Fish in Menofia Governorate

Studies on Pesticides Residues in Fish in Menofia Governorate

Isolation and Characterization of Fowl Adenoviruses Associated with Hydro-pericardium Syndrome from Broiler Chickens in Egypt

One of the most prominent viral diseases affecting the poultry industry is hydropericardium syndrome caused by fowl adenoviruses. Hydropericardium syndrome has recently led to significant economic losses in the Egyptian poultry sector. Many outbreaks of hydropericardium syndrome have been documented across the country in the last few years. This research examined the epidemiology and molecular characterization of fowl adenoviruses in broiler chickens in Egypt. Samples were taken from 26 outbreaks of commercial broiler chicken farms in the Beheira and Menofia governorates, Egypt, from January 2021 to March 2022. Adenoviruses genomes were detected in cloacal swabs of 10 flocks using polymerase chain reaction. Clinically, infected broiler chickens (Cobb, Ross, Indian River, Modified-Avian, and Arbor Acres) showed depression, ruffled feathers, retarded growth, and ascites, with mortality rates of 10-28%. The most common postmortem lesions were hydropericardium, yellowish enlarged liver with ecchymotic hemorrhages, pancreatitis, and enteritis. Histopathologically, intranuclear inclusion bodies, commonly basophilic type, were scattered in the hepatocyte, proventriculus, duodenum, kidney, pancreas, and spleen. In addition, depletion of lymphocytes in the bursa of Fabricius and the thymus was observed. Seven samples were selected for gene sequencing of the loop 1 region of the hexon gene. The sequence analysis revealed that all samples were identical and similar to fowl adenoviruses species D serotype 2/11, suggesting that this serotype was the predominant fowl adenoviruses circulating in the study location in the last two years. Further studies are required to address the pathogenicity of isolated fowl adenoviruses and evaluate the vaccine used to control fowl adenoviruses in Egypt. Keywords: Fowl adenoviruses, Hexon, Hydropericardium syndrome, Phylogenetic analysis, Polymerase chain reaction

Serosurvey and associated risk factors for Chlamydia abortus infection in cattle from Egypt

Chlamydia abortus is an important gram-negative pathogen poses serious public health problem in human and reproductive disorders in animals. There are very few data on the prevalence of C. abortus in cattle and none on the associated risk factors for infection in cattle in earlier literature. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to evaluate the risk factors and seropositivity of C. abortus infection in cattle. In northern Egypt, 400 cattle from five governorates were examined using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in a cross-sectional study. The results revealed that the overall prevalence for C. abortus in cattle was 20.75 % and the highest level was observed in Gharbia 26.67 % while the lowest rate was found in Menofia governorate 15.38 %. The age, herd size, application of disinfection and history of abortion or stillbirth had significant association with prevalence of C. abortus infection by univariate analysis. In addition, Cattle above the age of 4 years, a median herd size of 10–50, the absence of disinfectant application, a history of stillbirth, and a history of abortion were all found as risk factors for C. abortus infection using multivariable logistic regression. These findings could be used to establish effective management strategies to prevent and control C. abortus infection in cattle and lower the risk of C. abortus infection in cattle in Egypt.

Genetic diversity and symbiotic efficiency of Rhizobium leguminosarum nodulating faba bean (Vicia faba)

bacteria that fix nitrogen symbiotically with faba bean. We selected twenty-five isolates from different locations in menofia governorate. we characterized the selected isolates, morphologically, biochemically, and molecularly to detect their diversity and symbiotic effectiveness. Moreover, we planted faba bean in pots experiment and inoculated them with all isolates in three replicates each. We measured plant fresh and dry weigh, nodules fresh and dry weigh. Moreover, measured total nitrogen content to detect their symbiotic efficiency. Least symbiotic efficiency appeared in isolates numbers RL 9(87.95), RL15(84.77), RL13(73.98) and RL12 (78.46). Highest symbiotic efficiency appeared in isolate numbers RL21(169.3), RL23(138.72) and RL25 (132.85). Morphological characterization of all isolates is motile, negative to gram stain and positive to fucshin stain. Biochemical characterization for all isolates came to be tolerate NaCl at various concentration (0, 0.5, 1, 2 and 4%) and able to grow over a wide range of pH (4-9). Isolates are able to utilize various sugars (Glucose, Fructose, Sucrose, Lactose, Sorbitol, Mannose, and Maltose) as sole carbon sources. All tested isolates are acid producers. Moreover, they are able to hydrolyse starch but not able to hydrolyse urea exept isolates (RL4 and RL16).

Detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus in raw milk in Menofia Governorate and its effect on reproductive hormones and physiochemical properties of milk.

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an extremely contagious viral disease that affects domestic and wild cloven-hoofed animals. In Egypt, FMD has been enzootic since the 1950s and caused great economic losses in cattle and buffalos over the past few years. This study aimed to detect FMD virus (FMDV) in serum and raw milk samples collected from infected and adjacent cattle and buffalos from different localities in El Menofia Governorate, Egypt. Blood and milk samples were collected from apparently diseased and adjacent 100 cows and 100 buffalos. Serum samples were prepared and used for the detection of FMDV using a non-structural protein enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, while real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) was used for the detection of FMDV in milk samples. Reproductive hormones were estimated using radioimmunoassay kits. Milk constituents were determined by Lactoscan. Of the 200 examined serum samples (100 cows and 100 buffalos), 56% and 44% were seropositive for FMDV non-structural protein antibodies in cattle and buffalo, respectively. Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction results confirmed that all examined milk samples collected from seropositive animals were positive for FMDV. Estrogen and progesterone levels in the serum of seropositive and seronegative animals were measured, and FMDV was proven to significantly elevate estrogen and reduce progesterone levels in both non-pregnant and pregnant animals during different stages of pregnancy. The effect of the virus on milk composition and somatic cell count (SCC) was also studied, revealing that FMDV infection significantly decreased the level of milk fat, protein, and lactose but did not significantly affected minerals, pH, and conductivity. Moreover, it significantly increased the SCC. Data recorded in this study indicates a widespread occurrence of FMDV in cattle and buffalo all over Menofia Governorate, Egypt. Infected raw milk is of poor quality and, if put for commercial sale, may have health risks for consumers and play a significant role in spreading the virus. Moreover, FMDV may disturb some reproductive hormones, which could adversely affect cattle and buffalo productivity. Therefore, preventive programs and accurate diagnosis are essential for successful disease control.

Effect of Joint Commission International Hospitals Accreditation on quality of Health care as Perceived by Nurses

Background: Joint commission international hospitals accreditation aims to improve quality of health care in the international community by providing worldwide accreditation system that include highest standard of quality. Health care organizations can seek accreditation as a self-regulated step for upholding standards in healthcare system, in addition to ensuring compliance and improvement The study aimed to identify the effect of joint commission international hospitals accreditation on quality of health care as perceived by nurses. Study design Descriptive design was utilized to meet the aim of this study. Setting this studywas conducted in all inpatients departments at El Araby hospital at Menofia Governorate. The study sample was composed of 206 staff nurses from the above mentioned setting. Two tools were used for data collection;Perceived impact of hospital accreditation outcomes questionnaire and Quality of health care questionnaire. Results The majority of study subjects (97.6%) perceived positive outcomes of joint commission international hospitals accreditation, the majority of study subjects (84%) perceived satisfactory level of quality of health care and total mean score , standard deviation regarding total quality of health care was(90.05±21.71) that represented (85.8 %) of the total score. Conclusion This study concluded that there was a significant positive correlation between outcomes of joint commission international hospitals accreditation and total level of quality of health care. The study recommended that increase nurse participation in decision making process to enhance their confidence, patientsꞌ satisfaction should be involved as a tool to measure quality.

The efficacy of both locally prepared vaccines against foot and mouth disease in cattle in Monofeia governorate

Vaccination was the main approach to control spreading of FMD disease in Egypt. This study was carried out for evaluation of vaccination by governmental and prevailing local vaccines in cattle sera in menofia governorate during the period from October 2018 to May 2019. A total 130 serum samples were collected to evaluate the antibodies against FMDV. 30 samples were used as control, 50 samples collected from animals received local governmental vaccine and 50 samples from animals received local prevailing vaccine. 49 out of 100 serum samples (37.7%) were positive and 81 out of 130 serum samples (62.3%) were negative for NSP. Results were (0.0), 3(3.7%) pre-vaccination and 27(33.33%), 18(22.22%) 1st MPV- 25(30.86%), 18(22.22%) 2nd MPV-15(18.52%), 13(16.05%) 3rd MPV and (0.0), 9(11.11%) 4th MPV for serotype A. For serotype (O): 9(11.1%), 10(12.4%) pre-vaccination- 36(44.44%), 28(34.56%) 1st MPV-33(40.74%), 27 (33.33%) 2nd MPV-24(29.63%), 20(24.7%) 3rd MPV-14(17.3%), 12(14.80%) 4th MPV. For serotype (SAT2): 4(4.9%), 24(4.93%) pre-vaccination-30 (37.03%), 21(25.93%) 1st MPV-27(33.33%), 21(25.93%) 2nd MPV- 18 (22.22%), 14(17.3%) 3rd MPV-3 (3.71%), 4(4.93%) 4th MPV. In Conclusion. FMD controlling requires vaccines that will supply disparity of infected from vaccinated animals.

Delineation of Wellhead Protection Areas: Methodology and Application

About 97% of global fresh water is sourced from Groundwater, positioning it as an important, and sometimes the sole, source of drinking-water in many parts of the world. Sustainable Development Goals, Goal No. 6, calls to foster all efforts to ensure access to water and sanitation for all. Nevertheless, with groundwater providing nearly half the world population with drinking water, the responsibly of sustaining this resource is a priority to all. Pumping wells can sometimes, if not carefully protected, be an instant source of pollution to the groundwater. Wellhead protection areas (WHPAs) serve the purpose of protecting the quality of groundwater by means of restrictions imposed on land use activities within the WHPA. Many approaches are being used to delineate WHPAs all over the world. The study used the numerical groundwater flow modeling with particle tracking codes approach, as it allows full interaction of hydrogeological, land-use, PCS, and different extraction rates in delineating the WHPA. The study area is a drinking water plant, located in Menofia Governorate and belongs to the Nile Delta aquifer. The study used 50-day isochron horizontal travel distance for the three pumping wells, located in the drinking water plant. The WHPA radius was determined for wells and the resulted radii range from 37m to 54.5m. Keywords: Wellhead protection area, groundwater protection, contaminant transport, MT3D, groundwater modelling DOI: 10.7176/CER/13-4-04 Publication date: June 30 th 2021

Chronic incurable mastitis in sheep: prevalence, identification of predisposing factors, and genotyping of fungal causative species using PCR-RFLP.

Mycotic mastitis is a neglected problem type of incurable chronic mastitis in sheep flock of many countries which associated with wide economic burden. In the current study, a total of 600 ewes at Menofia governorate, Egypt, were subjected to clinical and molecular examination using PCR-RFLP to estimate the prevalence of chronic mycotic mastitis and identify the causative agent. A structured questionnaire is distributed to shepherds in the study area to identify the risky behavioral practices being followed and lead to increase the prevalence of mycotic mastitis cases. The results showed that out of 600 ewes examined, 150 showed clinical signs of mastitis (25%). A total of 25 ewes with clinical mastitis did not respond to antibiotic treatment for long time and suffered from mycotic mastitis (16.7%, CI 11.1-23.6%). A total of 31 fungal isolates were identified: 14 yeast spp., Candida albicans, Candida parapasilosis, Candida rugosa, and Saccharomyces spp. and 17 mold spp., Alternaria spp., and Fusarium spp. Results showed also the widespread of risky practices among shepherds which could be responsible for the increase the prevalence of mycotic mastitis among ewes in the study area including presenting of decayed food to sheep, uncontrolled usage of antibiotics for mastitis treatment, lack of usage of antiseptics, and keeping of chronic infected animals in flocks for breeding. In conclusions, using of specific ITS1 and ITS4 primer sets with PCR-RFLP technique provided a suitable method for rapid identification and genotyping of Candida spp., Scaccharomyces, Alternaria, and Fusarium vertolliodes isolated from chronic mastitis in sheep. Furthermore, this study is considered up to our knowledge one of scarce estimates available on mycotic mastitis in sheep flocks in Egypt. Mycotic mastitis existed at higher prevalence estimates in the study area and educational campaigns to shepherds are much required to increase their awareness on the threat of risky of behaviors responsible for spread of the disease among their animals.

Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of campylobacter species in chicken carcasses

Campylobacter species are basic bacterial microbes that cause gastro enteritis in people, both in most industrialized and most creating countries. Campylobacter has been recuperated from chicken corpses, poultry meat parts and supplies in preparing plants worldwide. The regularly announced pathogenic species is C. jejuni representing over 90% of the cases, trailed by C. coli speaking to 7% of the diseases, with the remainder of cases being chiefly C. lari and C. fetus.The objective of this investigation is to decide the prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in some poultry items by utilizing both traditional and recent strategies. One hundred and twenty chicken samples were gathered from different grocery stores at Menofia governorate (25g of every one)taken of chicken breast, thigh, liver and gizzard are taken without any pollution or careless. Most examples were debased with Campylobacter spp. Chicken liver indicated the most elevated defilement item (56.67%) trailed by gizzard(53.33%), thigh (30%) and breast (23.33%) gradually.The level of antimicrobial resistance rate of C.jejuni to cephalothin, oxytetracycline, erythromycin, nalidixic acid, ampicillin ,gentamicin,streptomycin,ciprofloxacin,neomycin,chloramphenicol were 22.2%,33.3%,94.5%,77.8 % ,11.1% ,5.5%,100%,44.4%,61.5and44.4% individually.

Monitoring of Pesticides Resistance in Spodoptera littoralis from Some Governorates of Egypt: A Pilot Study Dependent on Biochemical Responses

Resistance ratio (RR) and biochemical alterations for seven bioinsecticides against Spodoptera littoralisin two Egyptian governorates were assayed. The values of LC50 have fluctuated from 42.9 to 0.01 ppm for the strain of Menofia governorate, but in Gharbia governorate the values have fluctuated from 0.004 to 0.1 ppm. On the other hand, RR for the examined insecticides: Radeiant®, Agrine®, DipelDF®, Dipel 2X®, Brotecto®, Radecal® and Biotect® during 2019 cotton season. Resistance ratio (RR) for seven insect growth regulators (IGR's) Demelen®, Tobron®, Demeron®, Kabres®, Kalegron® and Match® against S. littoralis were also assayed. LC50 values in Menofia governorate have fluctuated from 0.014 to 2.9 ppm, and RR values were very low. Finally these compounds still effective against S. littoralis during 2019 season. Alterations were induced in enzymes: acetylcholinesterase (AChE), glutathione-S- transferase (GST), acid and alkaline phosphatase as well as total protein, to field strains, with respect to laboratory strains. From all findings, the coupling of LC50, RR values and-related enzymes may recognize a reliable tool to assess S. littoralis resistance. Moreover, bioinsecticides and IGR.s were very effective to control leafworm in cotton fields.

Genotyping of Recent Virulent Newcastle Disease Virus Strains Isolated from Menofia Governorate, Egypt

Genotyping of Recent Virulent Newcastle Disease Virus Strains Isolated from Menofia Governorate, Egypt

Bacterial hazards of ready to eat fish products.

A total of one hundred random samples of ready to eat (RTE) fish products represented by fried Oreochromis niloticus, grilled Oreochromis niloticus, smoked Herring and salted Sardine (25 of each) were collected from different fish markets and restaurants in Menofia governorate, Egypt. The aim of this study was to evaluate the bacterial quality of the examined samples through isolation and identification of Enteropathogenic E. coli, Coagulase +ve S. aureus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The incidence of Enteropathogenic E. coli were 24%, 32%, 36% and 50 % in the examined samples of fried O. niloticus, grilled O. niloticus, smoked Herring and salted Sardine, respectively. While, Coagulase +ve S. aureus was detected in 32%, 44%, 52% and 72 % of the examined samples of fried O. niloticus, grilled O. niloticus, smoked Herring and salted Sardine, respectively. Furthermore, V. parahaemolyticus was isolated only from 20% and 36 % of the examined samples of smoked Herring and salted Sardine, respectively. As conclusion, bacterial examination of ready to eat fish products samples is a sensitive indicator verifying the quality and good hygienic status of RTE fish products. Keywords: Bacterial hazards ; Fried O. niloticus ; Grilled O. niloticus ; Smoked Herring ; Salted Sardine

Chemical residues in ready to eat fish products

A total of one hundred random samples of ready to eat (RTE) fish products represented by fried Oreochromis niloticus, grilled Oreochromis niloticus, smoked Herring and salted Sardine (25 of each) were collected from different fish markets and restaurants in Menofia governorate, Egypt. The aim of this study was to estimate the concentration levels of chemical residues such as heavy metals residues (mercury, lead and cadmium) and pesticides residues (aldrin and malathion) through subjection the examined samples to atomic absorption spectrophotometer for detecting the residues of mercury, lead and cadmium and gas chromatography for the residues of aldrin and malathion. The mean values of mercury (mg/Kg) in fried O. niloticus, grilled O. niloticus, smoked herring and salted sardine were 0.43±0.01, 0.59±0.01, 0.70±0.01 and 0.94±0.02, respectively. The mean values of lead (mg/Kg) in fried O. niloticus, grilled O. niloticus, smoked herring and salted sardine were 0.27±0.01, 0.33±0.01, 0.45±0.01 and 0.61±0.01, respectively. The mean values of cadmium (mg/Kg) in fried O. niloticus, grilled O. niloticus, smoked herring and salted sardine were 0.11±0.01, 0.14±0.01, 0.20±0.01 and 0.29±0.01, respectively. The mean values of aldrin (ppb) only detected in fried O. niloticus, grilled O. niloticus and salted sardine were 82.95±4.19, 151.26±7.40 and 193.02±8.81, respectively. The mean values of malathion (ppb) only detected in grilled O. niloticus and salted sardine were 96.57 and 248.19±10.32, respectively. As conclusion, chemical examination of RTE fish products is a sensitive indicator verifying the quality and good hygienic status of RTE fish products. Keywords: Mercury; Lead; Cadmium; Aldrin; Malathion