Meniscal Tears Research Articles

The Prevalence Type of the Meniscus Tear in Patients with Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Injury, in Abu Arish General Hospital, Jazan, KSA

The Prevalence Type of the Meniscus Tear in Patients with Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Injury, in Abu Arish General Hospital, Jazan, KSA

Arthroscopic Posteromedial Corner Reconstruction: A Novel Technique and Case Series.

This study aimed to introduce a novel arthroscopic treatment for medial and posteromedial instability of the knee and present the primary and follow-up results. All patients who underwent the arthroscopic approach to treat medial and posteromedial corner instability from 2007 to 2017 were included in this report. Overall, 45 patients were included, among which 75.6% were male. The mean age of patients was 32.2 ± 8.4 years. Overall, 44.4% and 15.6% of patients had associated meniscal injuries and chondral lesions, respectively. The mean follow-up duration of patients was 84.2 ± 25.3 months. Overall, 37 patients developed a full range of motion (82.2%), and most patients (95.6%) showed excellent quadriceps strength (grades 4 and 5). All patients had a normal or 1+ posterior drawer test, Pivot shift test, and Lachman test on physical examination. Moreover, 60% had an associated isolated anterior cruciate ligament injury, 17.8% had an isolated posterior collateral ligament injury, and 17.6% had a combination of more than one ligament injury. One patient developed septic arthritis. Two patients experienced pain, and one pain patient developed pain with a bony spur formation in the medial epicondyle. Three patients showed a 2+ medial collateral ligament (MCL) test (moderate instability) at the final follow-up, all of whom had multi-ligament injuries. All patients, except the three patients who had a failed MCL reconstruction, returned to their previous activities. This study described a novel arthroscopic treatment of MCL injury, and the results showed acceptable postoperative and clinical outcomes. As the use of minimally invasive surgery may minimize multiple complications associated with open surgery, it is suggested that further studies be conducted regarding this approach when faced with patients who have MCL injuries requiring surgery.

Diagnostic Accuracy of Ultrasound in the Evaluation of Collateral Ligaments and Meniscal Injuries of Knee in Comparison with Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Background and Objective Though Magnetic resonance imaging MRI is the currant modality of choice in the imaging of knee ultrasound has a very significant role in the proper evaluation of knee. Musculoskeletal Ultrasound MSUS machines with high-frequency 12 - 15 MHz linear array transducers are used to evaluate superficial soft tissue structures such as muscle tendon ligament and bursa since they provide excellent image resolution. The ultrasound has higher spatial resolution than MR imaging and allow a better evaluation of the superficial structures. The capability of dynamic imaging and real-time comparison with the contralateral knee are added advantages. This study assessed the competence of ultrasound to detect ligament and meniscal injuries of the knee joint in comparison with MRI.Method Total of 110 patients were included. All the patients were evaluated by ultrasonography USG and MRI. The proportion of ligaments and meniscal injuries sensitivity specificity positive predictive value PPV negative predictive value NPV and accuracy of USG were calculated in comparison with MRI.Results In case of medial meniscus MM the sensitivity specificity PPV NPV and accuracy of USG were 83 96.5 86 95 and 93.6 respectively. In case of lateral meniscus LM the values were 77 97 77 97 and 94.5 respectively. In case of MCL the values were 100 99 50 100 and 99 respectively. In case of lateral collateral ligament LCL the values were 0 99 0 100 and 99 respectively.Conclusion The knee ligaments and meniscal injuries are more common in males than females and in young adults than old people. USG showed reasonably good sensitivity specificity NPV PPV and accuracy in detecting meniscal and medial collateral ligaments injury.

Effects of arthroscopic outside-in sutures versus all-inside sutures in the treatment of lateral disc meniscus injury of the knee joint under arthroscopy.

To compare the clinical efficacy of arthroscopic outside-in suturing and all-inside suturing in the treatment of discoid lateral meniscus (DLM) injury, and to analyze the influencing factors for clinical efficacy. We retrospectively selected 30 patients with DLM injury who received arthroscopic all-inside suturing at Wuzhou Workers' Hospital from January 2020 to December 2022 as the observation group. Another 30 patients who received arthroscopic outside-in suturing during the same period were enrolled as the control group. The surgical indicators, pre- and post-operative knee scores and proprioception difference of knee joint, postoperative complications and clinical efficacy were compared between the two groups. Factors affecting clinical efficacy of patients with DLM injury were identified using Logistic regression analysis. Significant differences were observed in operation time, hospital stay, blood loss and clinical efficacy between the two groups (all P<0.05); however, there was no significant difference in complications (P>0.05). The visual analog score (VAS) scores of both groups decreased over time at 1, 3, 5, 7, 15, and 30 days post-surgery, with the observation group scoring lower than the control group (all P<0.05). At 1, 3, and 6 months after the surgery, the international knee documentation committee (IKDC), Lysholm, and Tegner scores of both groups increased over time, with the observation group scoring higher than the control group (all P<0.05). Six months post-surgery, proprioception differences at 15°, 45°, and 75° of knee flexion were significantly decreased, with greater improvements observed in the observation group (P<0.05). Univariate analysis showed that operation time, IKDC and Lysholm scores at 6 months post-operation, postoperative complications, and suture method were factors influencing treatment outcomes in patients with DLM injury (all P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis identified postoperative complications as an independent risk factor for poor treatment outcome in patients with DLM injury (P<0.05). Arthroscopic all-inside suturing for DLM injury offers significant clinical benefits, including shorter operation time and hospital stay, less blood loss, and improved knee joint function with fewer complications. Prolonged operation time, low IKDC and Lysholm scores at 6 months post-operation, postoperative complications and outside-in suturing technique are associated with poorer treatment outcomes in patients with DLM injury.

Variation in the shape of the knee meniscus and incidence of the discoid shape in Myanmar's adult population: A cross-sectional study

Background: A meniscal injury is one of the most common sports-related problems and the most frequent injury to the knee joint. The method for determining meniscus shape is used in designing therapies for treating various joint diseases.&#x0D; Material and methods: Anatomy dissection was performed, and the shapes of knee menisci were studied in 160 menisci from 40 autopsy bodies (20 males and 20 females) from Medical Universities in Myanmar. The bodies were embalmed with 4% formaldehyde and then preserved in a weak formalin solution.&#x0D; Results: The number of crescentic-shaped medial menisci was 5 (6.25%), horseshoe-shaped menisci were 6 (7.5%), sickle shapes were 48 (60%), U shapes were 8 (10%), V shapes were 12 (15%), and complete discoid shapes were only 1 in number (1.25%). There was no incomplete discoid, circular, or C shape at all. The commonest shape of the medial meniscus was a sickle. The number of C-shaped lateral menisci was 6 (7.5%), the complete discoid shape was 1 (1.25%), the incomplete discoid shapes were 13 (16.25%), and the circular shapes were 60 (75%). Crescentic, horseshoe, sickle, U, and V-shaped lateral menisci were absent. Circular was the commonest of all. Among 160 menisci, an incomplete discoid shape was found in 13 menisci, and a complete discoid shape was found in two: one meniscus as a primitive disc and a very rare infantile shape in another. &#x0D; Conclusion: Our findings will help morphologists and orthopaedic surgeons with surgical procedures and knee joint arthroscopy. It will also help patients with effective rehabilitation after meniscal injuries and surgery.

Stem Cell Administration to Repair Torn Menisci

The meniscus is a crescent-shaped, fibrocartilaginous padding in the knee that contains variable vascularization and histology. This structure enables proper loadbearing, knee movement, and protection of articular cartilage and bone of the tibiofemoral joint. The meniscus is subject to tears from acute injury and degenerative stresses. Many meniscal tears do not heal naturally due to poor vascularization and high stresses placed on the meniscus. These often result in pain and mechanical symptoms and are highly correlated to osteoarthritis (OA) development. While there are a wide variety of suggested treatments for meniscal tears, studies indicate common surgical interventions have little to no significant improvements in abating patient symptoms or limiting osteoarthritic progression, with high failure rates. Therefore, alternative treatments are being actively explored for meniscal tear repair. One of the most-researched treatment options is using mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), a type of adult multilineage progenitor cell capable of facilitating meniscal tissue regeneration. Many different types of MSCs and supplemental, cuttingedge techniques are being tested to maximize tear healing. MSCs hold great promise for regenerating meniscal tissue, limiting OA, and restoring joint functionality. However, more research is required to prove the significance of stem cell treatments in humans and define the conditions for their use.

Prevalence of Knee Pain Pathologies Diagnosed By Musculoskeletal Ultrasound In Nepal Police Hospital

Introduction: One of the most frequent cause of orthopedic consultancy in Nepal Police Hospital is acute and chronic knee pain. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate how musculoskeletal ultrasonography aids in the low-cost identification of knee diseases and using ultrasound to compare with the contra lateral knee can be quite beneficial when developing a treatment plan.&#x0D; Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted on 260 patients with clinically confirmed knee pain. All patients were examined by using Sonasite ultrasound machine with linear probe (7-11MHz). The ultrasound examination of the knee started with examination of anterior aspect, followed by medial aspect, lateral aspect in supine position and then in prone position for examination of posterior aspects. The data were collected, tabulated and statistically analyzed using SPSS11.1. Categorical variables were presented in number and percentage, and continuous variables were presented as mean ± SD.&#x0D; Results: In our study, among the 260 cases there were 164 male patients (63.07%) and 96 females (36.93%) with their age ranged between 25-55 years with the mean age of 40 years. Among 260 cases, 103 patients (39.61%) with knee pain had normal finding and 157 patients (60.39%) had knee pathologies. We found joint effusion (8.91%), quadriceps tendinopathy (3.82%), patellar tendinopathy (1.91%), medial meniscal tear (11.46%), lateral meniscal tear (4.45%), synovial hyperplasia (5.73%), medial collateral ligament tear (10.82%), lateral collateral ligament tear (7%), baker,s cyst(2.54%) and osteophytes(43.31%).&#x0D; Conclusions: An efficient imaging technique that may be used as a screening tool for individuals experiencing knee pain is musculoskeletal ultrasound.

Epidemiological study of pediatric ACL injuries

ACL rupture in children is a serious injury that exposes the knee to meniscal damage and then, in the medium term, to osteoarthritis. The incidence of this type of injury has been rising steadily since the 1990s with the everincreasing practice of "pivotal" sports such as football, basketball, handball, rugby and gymnastics. The aim was to study the characteristics of the population of subjects affected and to identify risk factors for meniscus and cartilage damage. This was a retrospective, descriptive and analytical epidemiological study of 80 children who had consulted an orthopaedic clinic for an ACL rupture. At the orthopaedic consultation centre at Haguenau Hospital, from March 2014 to November 2022, with an average age of 13.8 years. Diagnosis was based on questioning, clinical examination and MRI as paraclinical examinations. The 15 parameters analysed were as follows: age at the time of the initial trauma, sex, corrected body mass index (BMI), side, type of sport practised, sporting level, Tegner score, circumstances of the causal trauma, time to consultation, time to MRI, attempt at functional treatment, time to surgery, associated meniscal lesions. The age at the time of surgery, and at the end the operative report. There is still a debate on the optimal treatment of ACL ruptures. Most surgeons who specialise in this area support early surgery, with the aim of preventing secondary damage and returning to the previous level of physical activity as quickly as possible. Of the 80 cases, 88.75% were treated surgically and 11.25% functionally, with a median corrected BMI of 19.7. 41.25% of cases had associated meniscal lesions. The 3 most frequently practised sports were handball, rugby and football. We also found a close relationship between meniscal injury and corrected BMI. Our results are in line with the literature, which is in favour of early repair of the anterior cruciate ligament in adolescent athletes, especially those with a BMI.

Location and Progression of Chondral Injuries at the Time of Revision Anterior Cruciate Ligament Surgery Varies by Sex

To quantify progression of chondral and meniscal injuries between primary and revision anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) surgery. Patients who underwent both index and revision ACL reconstruction between 2000 and 2020 at our institution were identified, and dates of injury and surgery, demographics, and clinical data were obtained from operative reports. Outerbridge grade was recorded in each compartment, along with presence and location of meniscal injury. The frequency of each injury between first and second cases was calculated. Differences in injury and progression were compared over time as well as between patient sex and age. The study included 189 patients (96 female, 93 male). Age at first surgery was 31.7 ± 13.2 years. Mean time to second injury was 3.3 ± 3.0 years. In total, 116 patients had a new or previous chondral injury (odds ratio, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.2-2.1). The medial femoral condyle (31%) and the patella (21%) accounted for the highest proportion of new injury to articular surfaces, whereas new injury to menisci was comparable between the medial (25%) and lateral (23%) meniscus. At the time of revision ACL reconstruction, females had a high prevalence of chondral injuries to the lateral compartment, whereas males had a high prevalence of chondral injury to the medial femoral condyle. The prevalence of new chondral injuries was comparable between sexes, with males having a slightly higher proportion. While time between surgeries, sex, and age had graphical evidence of moderating risk, the effects were small and imprecise. Revision ACL reconstruction carried a 1.6 increase in the odds for new or progressive chondral lesions in our cohort. At the time of revision, females had a relatively higher proportion of lateral-sided chondral injuries, whereas males had a relatively higher proportion of medial femoral condyle injuries. The greatest increase in the prevalence of new and progressive lesions was observed in the medial femoral condyle and trochlea. This progression appeared to be moderated by time between surgeries, patient sex, and age; however, the differences were small and imprecise. Level IV, therapeutic case series.

A Case Report of Medial Meniscus Tear Patient Improved with Korean Medicine Treatment: Focusing on Acupotomy

A Case Report of Medial Meniscus Tear Patient Improved with Korean Medicine Treatment: Focusing on Acupotomy

Compare Three Types of Surgery for Meniscal Tears

Meniscus injuries, often associated with sports, have become a growing concern because of their potential to affect patients’ knee joints and, thus, People’s Daily lives. A meniscal tear is a half-moon-shaped fibrous cartilage structure in the knee joint. This article explores the meniscus’s complex anatomical structure and biochemistry, emphasizing its critical importance in maintaining optimal knee function. Our discussion extends to modern diagnostic procedures, particularly emphasizing the direct visualization capabilities of non-invasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and arthroscopy. In addition, this paper lists three major surgical interventions for meniscus injuries: Meniscus repair, which aims to preserve the natural meniscus; Meniscectomy, the removal of the damaged meniscus; and Meniscus replacement using biological grafts or innovative synthetic materials. While meniscectomy can provide quick relief from symptoms, it carries the potential threat of diseases such as osteoarthritis in the long run. In contrast, meniscus repair and replacement strategies are longer-lasting treatment options, although postoperative recovery times and the complexity of the procedure vary.

Comparative, Controlled, Retrospective Study of Patient-Reported Outcomes After Meniscectomy With Adjunctive Use of Platelet-Rich Plasma or Amniotic Umbilical Cord Tissue.

Background: Meniscal tears are one of the most frequent injuries to the knee, with an estimated incidence of 222 per 100,000 individuals aged 18 to 55 years based on magnetic resonance imaging. Poor outcomes following meniscal surgical interventions are common and have led many surgeons to use biologic augmentation strategies to enhance the healing. Methods: We conducted a single-center, retrospective, observational study of patients who underwent arthroscopic meniscectomy with and without adjunctive platelet-rich plasma (PRP) or the particulate form of amniotic umbilical cord (AMUC) tissue. We evaluated patient-reported outcomes on the visual analog scale for pain, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) Subjective Knee Evaluation Form, Lysholm Knee Scoring Scale, 12-Item Short Form Survey, and Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) during a 1-year postoperative period. Complications and follow-up procedures were also evaluated. Results: We evaluated 113 patients who underwent meniscectomies from November 2010 to March 2017. Pain severity was significantly decreased only in the AMUC group at 6 months (P=0.0143). Patients in the AMUC group demonstrated significant improvement in functional recovery based on the IKDC and the KOOS subscales of pain, symptoms, activities of daily living, and sport and recreation function at 6 months. Patients in the PRP group had a significant benefit in the KOOS subscales of pain, symptoms, sport and recreation function, and knee-related quality of life at 3 months. Improvement in the control group was less substantial. Patients in the PRP group had more complications and follow-up procedures (30.0%) than patients in the AMUC group (8.3%). Conclusion: In our study population, arthroscopic meniscectomy with adjunctive use of AMUC tissue improved patient-reported outcomes and reduced the reoperation rate compared to conventional technique or adjunctive use of PRP.

Maturation-dependent patterns of knee injuries among symptomatic pediatric soccer players on MRI.

To systematically investigate the prevalence of knee MRI findings among symptomatic pediatric soccer players with respect to skeletal maturity and to identify predictors of surgery. This IRB-approved, HIPAA-compliant retrospective study included soccer players (< 18 years of age) who underwent MRI examinations in the past 5 years (2018-2023). Two radiologists retrospectively and independently reviewed all examinations to categorize skeletal maturity and toidentify osseous and soft tissue findings. Findings were compared between maturation groups, and logistic regression models were used to identify predictors of surgery. Ninety-seven players (45 boys, 52 girls) included 39 skeletally immature, 21 maturing, and 37 mature knees. Kappa coefficient for interobserver reliability ranged between 0.65 and 1.00. Osgood-Schlatter disease (OSD) was more common among immature than maturing and mature knees (25% vs 14% and 5%, p = 0.04); anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injurywas more common among maturing and mature than immature knees (59% and 48%, vs 15%, p < 0.01); and meniscal tears were more commonamong mature than immature and maturing knees (medial, 41% vs 18% and 14%, p = 0.03; lateral, 43% vs 21% and 19%, p = 0.04). Players in the mature group were more likely to undergo surgery (p = 0.01). The presence of an effusion (OR = 19.5, 95% CI 2.8-240.9, p = 0.01), ACL injury (OR = 170.0, 95% CI 1.3-6996.9, p < 0.01), and lateral meniscal tears (OR = 10.8, 95% CI 1.8-106.1, p = 0.02) were independent predictors of surgery. Differential patterns of injury were found among symptomatic pediatric soccer players; the presence of an effusion, ACL injury, and lateral meniscal tears were independent predictors of surgery, likely contributing to the higher rates of surgery among skeletally mature players.

Comparing Surgical Techniques for Meniscal Tears: A Systematic Review of Radiographic and Functional Outcomes.

Meniscal tears are a common orthopedic injury. The management approaches for meniscal tears include both surgical and non-surgical procedures; however, the majority of the surgeons opt for various surgical interventions. This systematic review aimed to compare the outcomes of different surgical techniques for meniscal tears. The systemic search was carried out in various databases including PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Scopus. Studies that investigated surgical techniques for meniscal repair and published between 2010 to 2023 were included. Out of the 7,421 potential studies identified from databases and Google Scholar search, only 17 studies were included in our systemic review. The follow-up periods ranged from 6 weeks to 123 months. Adverse effects were reported in some studies, including joint line tenderness, swelling, and loss of flexion, while others reported no significant adverse events. Pull-out repair and refixation techniques demonstrated better clinical outcomes and slower arthritic progression than partial meniscectomy. Mason-Allen stitches and simple stitches yielded comparable results, and both inside-out and all-inside techniques had similar clinical and functional outcomes. This systematic review provides valuable insights into the outcomes of different surgical techniques for meniscal tears. Further studies with longer follow-up periods may help assess the long-term effectiveness of these surgical techniques.

The effect of a rehabilitation program to develop some physical characteristics for partial meniscus tear for soccer players aged 20-24 years

This research aims to identify the extent of the effect of a rehabilitation and physical program on meniscus resection for football players. The researcher used the experimental method with one experimental group for pre- and post-measurement, and the sample number was 7 patients Of football players whose ages ranged from (18 to 24 years), the researcher used the front muscle strength test, standing on one leg, the back muscle strength test, the Balsom agility test, and the balance test. The physical program lasted 10 weeks. The rehabilitation program contained 30 strength training units in the Iron Hall, which included three units per week. The unit time was 50-60 minutes. The program also contained two rehabilitation units in the aquatic environment, with a total of 20 rehabilitation units. The program also contained exercises The balance was 30 rehabilitation units. The researcher used the statistical method SPSS The most important conclusions were the presence of a significant statistical significance between the results of the pre- and post-tests, in favor of the post-tests. The researcher recommends conducting future studies on the criteria for returning to competition, and to be guided by the program Physical and scientific tests used in research that played a role in moving from one training stage to another.

Strategies for X-ray utilization in the evaluation of knee injuries

Knee injuries are prevalent among young athletes, and an accurate diagnosis is essential for effective treatment. Knee pain is a widespread issue among adolescent athletes. About 50% of athletes experience knee pain every year, and an estimated 2.5 million sports-related knee injuries occur annually in young athletes. The study discusses common knee injuries, including fractures, cartilage damage, patellar injuries, and meniscus tears. It highlights the Ottawa knee rules (OKRs) as a valuable clinical decision tool for guiding the necessity of knee X-rays, emphasizing their high sensitivity and potential cost savings. Prevention strategies for youth athletes, such as injury prevention programs and neuromuscular training, are also discussed. Additionally, the review underscores the importance of radiation exposure and patient safety when utilizing diagnostic imaging, emphasizing adherence to radiation safety principles and the ALARA principle. In conclusion, this review emphasizes multifaceted role of X-rays in diagnosing knee injuries and importance of evidence-based decision rules, prevention strategies, and radiation safety in adolescent knee healthcare.

Insights into Meniscal Injuries Among Young Football Athletes: A Scoping Review

This comprehensive literature review delves into the prevalence, risk factors, management strategies, and outcomes related to meniscal injuries, particularly focusing on young football athletes. Drawing from eight scholarly articles, it covers various aspects of meniscal injuries, including incidence rates, treatment options, rehabilitation techniques, and long-term implications. Meniscal injuries are highlighted as significant in sports, notably in high-mobility activities like football, where sudden movements and twisting motions increase the likelihood of such injuries. The review explores common treatment methods such as meniscal repair, transplantation, and partial meniscectomy, along with tailored rehabilitation approaches aimed at facilitating athletes' return to play. Research indicates that while meniscal injuries are common among athletes, particularly in contact sports like football, early detection and proper treatment are crucial to mitigate lasting effects. Understanding knee joint anatomy and biomechanics is emphasized, along with the implementation of effective rehabilitation protocols to enhance joint stability and prevent re-injury. In summary, this literature review offers valuable insights into the multifaceted nature of meniscal injuries among young football athletes. By synthesizing evidence from diverse sources, it contributes to a deeper understanding of the epidemiology, management, and rehabilitation of meniscal injuries, informing clinical practices and guiding future research in sports medicine

Correlation of spontaneous radiographic cranial tibial translation with complete cranial cruciate ligament rupture and medial meniscal tears in dogs.

The primary objective of our study was to determine the prevalence of cranial tibial translation on a single unstressed, standing angle, mediolateral radiograph of the stifle and the accuracy of diagnosing complete cranial cruciate ligament rupture in dogs with this finding using a previously published method. The secondary objective was to determine if there was a higher incidence of meniscal injuries associated with spontaneous radiographic cranial tibial translation as previously proposed. Medical records were reviewed for client owned dogs with cranial cruciate ligament rupture that underwent surgical stabilization with intra-operative evaluation of the stifle joint via arthrotomy between June 2013 to January 2022 and had pre-operative radiographs performed within 60 days prior to surgery. Pre-operative radiographs were evaluated for cranial tibial translation via the previously published method. Three hundred twenty-three dogs met the inclusion criteria for the study. Intra-operative findings and radiographic assessments were evaluated for correlations. Cranial tibial translation on pre-operative standing angle radiographs detected cranial cruciate ligament tears in 24.8% of cases but had a positive predictive value of 97.5% for diagnosing complete cranial cruciate ligament rupture with a specificity of 95.4% and an overall accuracy of 36.8%. Meniscal tears were present in 58.75% of cases with radiographic cranial tibial translation and 41.25% of cases without. There was no significant increase in the incidence of meniscal tears between the two groups. The presence of radiographic cranial tibial translation in dogs on an unstressed, standing angle, mediolateral radiograph of the stifle is diagnostic for cranial cruciate ligament rupture, but cannot be used to determine the presence of a meniscal tear.

Mcmurray Test for Diagnosis of the Meniscal Tears

Aim: Meniscal tears are the most common injury of the knee. Tears of medial meniscus are seen more frequently as compared to lateral meniscus. Most often tears result from sports injuries where there is a twisting motion on the partially flexed, weight-bearing knee. As majority of our population resides in peripheries where access to arthroscopy and imaging modalities is difficult so we need a clinical test for evaluation of medial meniscal tears. And then this technique can be opted in our practice for early diagnosis of meniscal tears in order to take proper management for reducing morbidity of these particular patient, if its diagnostic accuracy comes out to high. Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of McMurray test in diagnosing medial meniscal tears, taking arthroscopy as gold standard. Materials and Methods: This Cross-sectional validation study was carried out in Orthopedic Department of Medical Teaching Institute Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar from July 2021 to June 2023.In this study a total of 149 patients were observed. McMurray test was performed by the a single and same consultant and was looked for medial meniscal tear (present/absent).After this arthroscopy was done in each patient by the consultant orthopedic surgeon who has examined the patient and presence or absence of medial meniscal tear was noted. McMurray test results were compared with arthroscopy result. Results: In this study mean age was 30 years with SD ± 11.35. Eighty five percent patients were male and 15% patients were female. Diagnostic accuracy of MacMurray Test findings taking arthroscopy as gold standard was analyzed as the sensitivity was 76.55%, specificity was 75%, Positive predictive value was 99.10%, Negative predictive value was 8.10%. So, the overall diagnostic accuracy was 76.51%. Practical Implication: As in our setups majority of population resides in peripheries where access to arthroscopy and magnetic resonance imaging is difficult so there is a need of clinical test for diagnosing medial meniscal tears. And this technique can be opted in routine practice for early diagnosis of medial meniscal tears in order to take proper management for reducing morbidity of these particular patients after determining the sensitivity and specificity of the test. Conclusion: This study concludes that the McMurray test had sensitivity 76.55%, specificity 75%, Positive predictive value 99.10%, Negative predictive value 8.10% and the diagnostic accuracy 76.51% in diagnosis of meniscal tear keeping knee arthroscopy as gold standard. Keywords: Arthroscopy, Knee, McMurray test, Meniscal tear, Magnetic resonance imaging.

Common sports injuries and physical treatments

Physiotherapy is a non-invasive and non-pharmaceutical application of artificial physical factors and natural physical factors to the human body through the body's neurological, humoral, endocrine, immune and other physiological regulatory mechanisms to achieve the purpose of treatment and rehabilitation. With the widespread popularity and popularity of sports, more people are participating in sports in which injuries become common at different levels of sports from daily recreation to high intensity competitive levels. Physical therapy is considered the first choice for sports people to treat sports injuries and is becoming common and mainstream in the field of sports injury treatment and rehabilitation. Physiotherapy has become critical as a primary treatment or secondary intervention after a sports injury and make sense in the rehabilitation of sports injuries. This article focuses on the physiotherapy treatment of common sports injuries in different sports. Common sports injuries in basketball include ankle sprains, meniscus tears, Achilles tendon ruptures, and patellar tendonitis. Common sports injuries in rugby include groin injuries and shoulder dislocations. Common sports injuries in baseball include ulnar collateral ligament injuries and rotator cuff injuries. Common sports injuries in tennis include epicondylitis of the elbow joint. Common injuries in soccer include medial collateral ligament sprains and calf strains. This article analyzes the anatomical structure of the above-mentioned common injury sites, the physical means of intervention and the different roles of physiotherapy in different sports injuries. The results of the article found that physiotherapy is available for all the sports mentioned above. However, depending on the injury in a sport, physiotherapy has a different proportion of the conventional treatment modalities.