Men In Nigeria Research Articles

Association between knowledge of Human Immunodeficiency Virus transmission and consistent condom use among sexually active men in Nigeria: An analysis of 2018 Nigeria Demographic Health Survey.

An estimated 1.7 million people were living with HIV in Nigeria in 2020, with over 86,000 people newly infected. Although the global rates of HIV have remained consistent over time, Nigeria has the second-highest number of people living with HIV and contributes to 9% of the global burden of HIV/AIDS. This is due to several structural and individual-level factors that limit knowledge of HIV and condom utilization. In this context, this study examines the association between knowledge about HIV transmission and consistent condom use among sexually active men in Nigeria. The data utilised in this study was sourced from the latest Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey conducted in 2018. The sample included a total of 9,346 men between the ages of 15-59 years who were sexually active at the time of data collection. Frequency distribution, univariate and multivariable analyses were performed at 95% confidence interval and p-value less than 0.05 to determine the association between the key independent variables and covariates. The results showed that 85.03% of sexually active men who had no knowledge of HIV engaged in inconsistent condom use. The key independent variable showed that sexually active men who had knowledge of HIV had higher odds [AOR = 1.37; 95%(CI = 1.10-1.72)] of consistent condom use compared to those without knowledge of HIV. However, sexually active men who were previously married [AOR = 0.38; 95%(CI = 0.24-0.61)], and those residing in the South Eastern region of Nigeria [AOR = 0.62; 95%(CI = 0.44-0.96)] had lower odds of consistent condom use. This study established the association between HIV knowledge and consistent condom use among sexually active males in Nigeria even after controlling for confounders. Educational level, wealth index, and ethnicity are also associated with condom use. This calls for the consideration of social determinants of health, localised and cultural health promotion and targeted public health strategies at all governmental levels to combat the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Nigeria.

Acceptability of and Preferences for Long-Acting Injectable HIV PrEP and Other PrEP Modalities among Sexual Minority Men in Nigeria, Africa.

Sexual minority men (SMM) in Nigeria have been disproportionately affected by HIV. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) reduces risk for HIV acquisition among SMM by over 90%. The current study investigated the association between demographics, socioeconomic marginalization, sexual health and willingness to use long-acting injectable (LAI-) PrEP and preferences for other PrEP modalities in a sample of HIV-negative SMM in Nigeria. Between March and June 2019, SMM residing in Abuja, Delta, Lagos, and Plateau completed a quantitative survey. To examine willingness to use LAI-PrEP and PrEP modality preferences, multivariable binomial and multinomial logistic regression models were fit. We found that 88% were willing to use LAI-PrEP and 44% preferred LAI-PrEP to other PrEP modalities. Participants who reported interest in LAI-PrEP were more likely to be single, engage in inconsistent condom use, and report having a primary care provider. Compared to participants who preferred daily oral PrEP, participants who preferred other PrEP modalities had higher odds of having some university education/university degree or higher and reporting low financial hardship. It is imperative that SMM in Nigeria are prioritized for access to new HIV prevention interventions, as they bear a disproportionate burden of HIV and are especially vulnerable to HIV infection.

Socio-economic Correlates of Marital Status and Marriage Timing Among Adult Men in Nigeria

There is a gradual tendency towards prolonged bachelorhood among men in Nigeria. Studies have linked this to socio-economic factors, but this evidence is sparsely explored in the context of Nigeria. Hence, this study fills the knowledge gap. The 2016/17 Nigeria Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey data of 7803 adult men (aged 18–34 years) was analysed by using descriptive and fitting binary logitic regression and Cox regression models. Results show that slightly more than one-third of adult men in Nigeria (35%) had a marriage history and their median age at first marriage was about 24 years. Educated men (than the uneducated) and those in middle wealth group (than the poor men) were less likely to have ever been married and to delay marriage, respectively. Wealthy men were more likely to delay marriage. Employed men were more likely to have a marriage history and to delay marriage.

Comparison of health access, lifestyle, prostate cancer knowledge and screening among black men residing in West Africa and the USA.

BackgroundIn Blacks, late presentation, lack of knowledge, health infrastructural deficiencies and socio-demographic characteristics, which result in poor outcomes, are the bane of cancers. This study evaluated health access and lifestyle association with prostate cancer (PCa) knowledge and screening among black men.MethodologyThis study used data from the Prostate Cancer Transatlantic Consortium familial cohort study. Data were gathered from a cross-sectional survey of 500 community-dwelling black men in Nigeria, Cameroon, and the USA. Information on socio-demographics, health care access, PCa knowledge score and screening behaviour was obtained, and the association between these variables was evaluated.ResultsThe majority (81.6%) were Nigerian. The age ranges were 35–49 (55.2%) and ≥65 (8.4%). The income distribution of the respondents showed that 23.3% earned <$1,000 and 30.7% (>$2,000) monthly. Only 43% had health insurance coverage, and 12% had accessed a doctor in 12 months. Respondents relied on orthodox medicine (50.8%), neighbourhood pharmacy (10.6%), self-medication (5%) and neighbourhood nurse (24.6%). The participants had either poor (45.2%) or very poor (23.2%) dietary patterns. Most (66.67%) do not engage in physical activity and about 33.33% engage in some exercises. Moreover, 87.8% and 78.3% have never had a digital rectal examination (DRE) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening in their lifetime, respectively, while 6.8% and 1.6% had DRE last 1 year and 2 years, respectively. Furthermore, 65.2%, 19.8% and 15% of the respondents had poor, fair and good knowledge of PCa, respectively. Health care coverage (p < 0.001), medical care habit (p = 0.001), routine checkup (p = 0.013) were significantly associated with respondents’ PCa knowledge. Routine checkup (p < 0.001) and country (p < 0.001) were significantly related to PSA screening.ConclusionThe study showed that PCa screening uptake was poor among the respondents and country of residence was associated with PCa screening behaviours. Healthcare coverage was significantly associated with PCa knowledge.

Toxicological evaluation of a Nigeria-made polyherbal product on selected reproductive functions in adult male Wistar rats

Ruzu bitters black for men (RBBM) is a polyherbal product widely used amongst men in Nigeria to enhance libido, rejuvenate male organs and to manage erectile dysfunctions, prostate anomalies, weak erection, and premature ejaculation. This study was carried out to investigate the toxicological effect from the use of herbal product. Acute toxicity test of RBBM on rats was carried out in two phases; 10 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg for phase I and 1600mg/kg, 2900 mg/kg and 5000 mg/kg for phase II, were administered respectively. For sub-acute toxicity, two groups of 5 animals each received RBBM (0.87 mg/kg and1.17 mg/kg respectively) and a third group received water orally for 28 days. The study analyzed the median lethal dosage, and sperm morphology, sperm motility, sperm count, sperm viability and histology of the testes as indices for sub-acute toxicity. No death was recorded for the acute and sub-acute studies but there was a moderate physical sign of toxicity. In the sub-acute toxicity study, there was a significant increase (p˂0.05) in testicular weight of Group 1 animals. Also, sperm count, and sperm motility increases significantly (p˂0.05) while there was a decrease in multiple tail sperm across the test groups. RBBM is not toxic to sperm morphology and causes no death at 5000 mg/kg in male albino Wistar rats.

Contemporary practice of prostate biopsy in Nigeria: Differences in technique and prophylactic measures among urologist

Objectives: Prostate cancer is the most common cancer affecting men in Nigeria. Trans-rectal ultrasound-guided biopsy of the prostate is routinely performed to diagnose prostate cancer. Though safe, prostate biopsy may be associated with some complications. In Nigeria, there are scanty national guidelines on prophylactic measures and techniques in prostate biopsy. The aim of the study was to assess the pre-biopsy prophylactic measures and biopsy protocols employed by Nigerian Urologists. Material and Methods: A survey questionnaire was distributed during the 2019 Annual General Meeting of the Nigerian Association of Urologic Surgeons and information collected on the biopsy route, use of anesthesia, antibiotic prophylaxis, number of samples taken, and possible complications. Results: A total of 72 urologists participated in the study. Bowel preparation was performed by 10 (13.9%) participants for a duration of 1–3 days. All urologists used the transrectal route and anesthesia was given by all. Prophylactic antibiotics were given by all participants. Our participants administered antibiotic prophylaxis for a period of 1, 3, 5, or 7 days (4.2%, 23.6%, 43.1%, and 22.2%, respectively). Ciprofloxacin/metronidazole combination was most commonly prescribed (70.8%). Most urologists (69.4%) commonly take between 8 and 12 core tissues per biopsy session. The most common complication was hemorrhage (43.1%), followed by perineal pain (40.3%). Conclusion: There is a lack of evenness in pre-biopsy prophylactic measures and biopsy protocol among Nigerian Urologists. There is a need for a Nigerian guideline to elucidate the most appropriate antibiotic(s), route of administration and duration of treatment, the preferred anesthesia type, and the number of core-tissues that are appropriate.

Correlates of Geosocial Networking Applications (GSN Apps) Usage among Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men in Nigeria, Africa.

Geosocial networking applications (GSN apps) are widely utilized by gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) to meet potential sexual/romantic partners, foster friendships, and build community. However, GSN apps usage has been linked to elevated levels of HIV sexual risk behavior among GBMSM. Little is known about how GSN apps can facilitate HIV sexual risk behaviors, especially among GBMSM in Africa. To fill this gap in research, the present study aimed to characterize the frequency of GSN apps usage and its association with sociodemographic characteristics, sexual health, healthcare access, psychosocial problems, and substance use in a large multicity sample of community-recruited GBMSM in Nigeria (N = 406). Bivariate and multivariable ordinal logistic regression procedures were used to examine factors associated with GSN apps usage. We found that 52.6% of participants reported recent (≤ 3 months) GSN apps use to meet sexual partners. Factors associated with increased odds of GSN apps usage included: being single, having a university degree or higher, reporting higher recent receptive anal sexual acts, being aware of PrEP, having a primary care provider, and reporting higher levels of identity concealment. HIV-related intervention delivered through GSN apps may help curb the spread of HIV among Nigerian GBMSM.

The Fourth Industrial Revolution and Gender Inequality in Nigeria: Education and Empowerment of Women in Focus

This paper focuses on gender inequality in the area of education and empowerment of women in Nigeria. This has become significant in this time of novel global wealth coming with the Fourth Industrial Revolution (FIR). It was discovered through a doctrinal research that, Nigeria, aside from having many national legislations on gender equality, is also a signatory to major international human rights instruments on gender equality. However, the workability of these legal frameworks has remained doubtful as there are wide range of gender inequalities which makes it difficult for Nigerian women to achieve their full potentials. Intellectually, higher number of Nigerian men goes to school than women. It follows from here that, men in Nigeria are undoubtedly gainfully employed than the women. Women in Nigeria are often circumscribed to low-paying and very repetitive jobs. In view of this realization, there is every possibility of increased and massive inequality and unemployment as robots seems ready to replace the women work force in Nigeria. Hence, the researcher asks the question as to; how relevant will Nigerian women be in the area of education and empowerment in this time of FIR, despite the presence of the law? This paper argues that the legal framework on gender equality in Nigeria are mere cosmetological set up, which had not impacted on equality between women and men, despite the Women in Development theory (WID), which has been made part and parcel of the legal framework. The paper fears that if these inequality persists, there will be no place for Nigerian women in the FIR. Concerted efforts are required on the part of the government of Nigeria to see to the workability of the laws on gender equality so as to make women relevant in the FIR. It is in the light of the far-reaching implications of this that the makes recommendations.

Context of abuse against men: Perspectives on causes, consequences and coping mechanisms

Background: Opinions on gender abuse have been largely skewed towards females. However, the rising number of cases of abuses against the male gender has brought the need to seek better understanding on the different background contexts and conditions surrounding the abuses against men in Nigeria. Data Source and Methods: This article was based on a cross-sectional study on abuse against men through quantitative and qualitative methods. It examined perspectives on causes, consequences and coping mechanisms relative to abuse against men in urban Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. Results: Findings suggest that various forces at individual, familial, cultural, urbanization, westernization and globalization levels drive abuse against men and men cope with the abuse through avoidance, divorce, resignation, adjustment and religion. Conclusion: Findings suggest that various forces at individual, familial, cultural, urbanization, westernization and globalization levels drive abuse against men and men cope with the abuse through avoidance, divorce, resignation, adjustment and religion.

AGHI: helping gay men in Nigeria

AGHI: helping gay men in Nigeria

THE PHILOSOPHY OF UNITED NATIONS, CORRUPTION IN NIGERIA AND THE COMPLICITY OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY: SEARCH FOR A CULPRIT*

Corruption in Nigeria has become such a sickening and systemic phenomenon, defying the expansive legal framework and administrative measures in combating it over the years. However, foreign complicity in the entire build-up of this scourge that is threatening the continued existence of Nigeria as a Nation State is one area that those with sympathetic disposition to the plight of the common man in Nigeria have not given any serious thought over the years. Thus, by doctrinal approach, this paper explored attitude of some developed economies in fuelling the inferno of corruption and found that unless this derogatory attitude to the values upon which the United Nations were built is checked, International Community would have contributed to Nigeria becoming a failed State. The paper found that domestic measures to combat the scourge of corruption will avail nothing as long as foreign complicity is not checked. The paper pointed International Community to a new dimension of foreign complicity in form of property development investment of corruptly acquired funds and thus recommended that in the spirit of the philosophy of the United Nations, International Community should combat foreign complicity in fuelling corruption more seriously, to avoid the regime of failures that informed previous world wars. The paper recommended that apart from International anti-corruption surveillance, foreign countries that contribute to corruption in any member nation of the United Nations should be made to forfeit their investment in such a country, including unguarded loans granted to corrupt Nations.

“Newsrooms need the metoo movement.” Sexism and the press in Kenya, South Africa, and Nigeria

ABSTRACT The metoo and timesup movements aim to raise awareness of several gender inequalities across many sectors in many countries. In newsrooms, issues include sexist attitudes, gendered norms, and various forms of sexual harassment and abuse. This survey focused on news personnel from Kenya, South Africa, and Nigeria to identify ambivalent sexism, perceptions of newsroom equality, and personal experiences of sexual harassment. Nigerian participants had the highest levels of hostile (antipathy for women) and benevolent (belief in traditional gendered roles) sexism. Overall, men had higher levels of hostile sexism and perceived newsroom equality. Experienced newsroom sexual harassment was: 77.5% of women and 29.7% of men in Kenya, 57.5% of women and 11.4% of men in South Africa, and 38.1% of women and 10% of men in Nigeria.

Occurrence of tuberculosis and predictors of zoonotic TB transmission among livestock workers in Lafia, Nigeria

Although tuberculosis (TB) is prevalent in domestic animals and man in Nigeria, prevalence and zoonotic tuberculosis (ZTB) predictors information among livestock workers in Lafia, is scarce. This study determined TB prevalence and ZTB predictors among livestock workers in the town.In a cross-sectional study, sputum samples from 96 participants selected by systematic random sampling (56 abattoir workers and 40 cattle herdsmen and marketers), to whom semi-structured questionnaire was issued, were tested with Ziehl Neelson stain. Data generated were analysed with STATA 12 and OpenEpi at 0.05 critical value (α). From the 96 samples, 13.54% prevalence was recorded. Awareness of ZTB was 60.42% and logistic regression analysis showed good knowledge of ZTB as the predictor (OR=62.89, 95% CI=7.19-549.69, P=0.000). Similarly, ZTB knowledge was 37.50% and the significant predictors were being old (OR=22.09, 95% CI=1.11-13.38, P=0.034); well aware (OR=22.09, 95% CI=2.61-187.27, P=0.005) and good practices (OR=4.78, 95% CI=1.39-16.60) towards ZTB. Thirty-four percent of the respondents engaged in good practices preventing ZTB exposure with the predictors being: an abattoir worker (OR = 3.03, 95% CI=1.04-9.09, P=0.042) and having ZTB good knowledge (OR=4.36, 95% CI=1.33-14.22, P=0.015). Tuberculosis was prevalent among the participants and they need enlightenment on ZTB transmission since they lacked good knowledge, attitudes and practices that prevent it.&#x0D; Keywords: Knowledge, Practices, Predictors, Prevalence, Tuberculosis

Contextual Correlates of Risky Sexual Behavior Among Migrant and Non-Migrant Men in Nigeria

This study compared risky sexual behavior (RSB) between migrant and non-migrant Nigerian men, and investigated the individual and community factors of RSB between the two groups. Data for the study were from the 2012 National HIV/AIDS and Reproductive Health Survey in Nigeria. It comprised 15,346 male respondents aged 15 to 64 years and made up of 7,158 non-migrants and 8,188 migrants. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square test, and multilevel binary logistic regression. More non-migrants (37.69%) than migrants (28.43%) were engaged in RSB. RSB among migrants showed significant differences in all explanatory variables except for place of residence and religion. Among non-migrants, significant differences existed between RSB and all the explanatory variables except for awareness of family planning and sexually transmitted diseases. The regression null model showed lower odds of RSB for migrants and non-migrants. In the full model, the intercepts increased odds of RSB for migrants (odds ratio [OR] = 8.55) and non-migrants (OR = 9.21). Variables which increased odds of RSB by migrants included employment status, religion, and place of residence. Education, employment status, wealth index, and place of residence were found to increase the odds of engaging in RSB among non-migrants. The study therefore concludes that social contexts matter for engagement in RSB.

Amputated Men, Colonial Bureaucracy, and Masculinity in Post–World War I Colonial Nigeria

Abstract Since the 1980s, several aspects of masculinity in relation to the First World War, including the image of the citizen-soldier, have been well studied. Other aspects, however, such as the experience of combat and its impact on peacetime masculinities lag well behind. Though wartime and postwar experiences in Africa provide a repertoire for gender and masculinity research, the continent has been neglected in this realm of studies. British colonial Nigeria contributed tens of thousands of combat men to the war with thousands becoming disabled and facing challenges to their masculine identities, yet there is no serious research on this topic for Nigeria. This paper contributes to this long-neglected aspect of African history. Known in colonial archival documents only as “amputated men,” war-disabled Nigerian men struggled to navigate colonial bureaucracy in order to obtain artificial limbs and redeem what they considered their lost manhood. Employing data collected from the Nigerian and British archives, the article’s objectives are twofold: it analyzes the diminishment of the masculine identities of war-disabled men in Nigeria following the First World War, and it explains how such diminishment was accentuated by an inefficiently structured British colonial bureaucracy, paired with British colonial racism. The article contributes to scholarship on WWI, disability studies, gender studies, and colonial studies, through examination of the protracted legacies of the global conflict on the African continent.

A Standard Reading of Selected Online Readers’ Comments on Domestic Violence against Men in Nigeria

The study performs a standard reading of online readers’ comments on Domestic Violence against Men (henceforth, DVAM). This is with a view to exploring how the readers’ comments develop dialogically to build up threads that depict salient motifs on DVAM in the Nigerian sociocultural domain. The specific objectives of the study are to identify the dialogic developments of threads among the commenters; construe motifs cum shared socio-cultural values in the identified threadal developments; and elicit the rhetorical implications of the threadal developments on the phenomenon of DVAM in Nigeria. The data comprise two purposively selected online news reports on DVAM with their readers' comments, sourced from the news archives of The News and Sahara Reporters. The study adopts the Dialogic Dual Reading Model as the analytical framework. The standard reading of the threadal developments of the readers’ comments in the two selected news reports reveals that a large number of the commenters maintain the ideological stance that DVAM is unjustifiable; some commenters, however, argue that acts of DVAM are often perpetrated in self-defense. This contrary ideological notion of self-defense not only portrays the women-offenders in these cases as victims but also justifies their acts of violence.

Awareness, willingness to use, and history of HIV PrEP use among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men in Nigeria.

BackgroundNigerian gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) are disproportionately affected by HIV, with an estimated prevalence of between 11–35%. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has the potential to significantly decrease incident HIV infections among Nigerian GBMSM. Understanding the relationship between socio-demographic, sexual risk behavior, and psychosocial factors with PrEP awareness, willingness to use, and history of use among this group is pivotal to maximizing PrEP uptake.MethodsBetween March and June 2019, 419 participants completed an interviewer-administered survey assessing PrEP awareness, willingness to use, and history of use; socio-demographics; sexual risk behavior; and psychosocial factors. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression were used to examine factors associated with PrEP awareness, willingness to use, and history of use.Results53.6% were aware of PrEP; 80.1% were willing to use PrEP; and 29.7% had previously used PrEP. In multivariable analysis, factors associated with an increased odds of PrEP awareness include residing in Abuja [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 5.02; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.13 to 11.83] and Lagos (aOR 12.30; 95% CI: 4.92 to 30.67) vs. residing in Plateau, living with HIV (aOR 2.56; 95% CI: 1.54 to 4.72), using location-based apps for seeking sexual partners (aOR 4.06; 95% CI: 2.28 to 7.24), having health insurance (aOR 2.31; 95% CI: 1.08 to 4.40), history of suicidal thoughts (aOR 2.05; 95% CI: 1.02 to 4.10), and history of PrEP use (aOR 45.5; 95% CI: 5.60 to 370.04). Decreasing clinically significant depressive symptoms was associated with lower willingness to use PrEP (aOR 0.96; 95% CI: 0.92 to 0.99). Lastly, factors associated with increased odds of having a history of PrEP use were those reporting 6 or more insertive anal sex acts in the last 30 days compared to those with none (aOR 5.76; 95% CI: 1.58 to 20.98) and being aware of PrEP (aOR 29.6; 95% CI: 3.78 to 231.84).DiscussionNearly half of the Nigerian GBMSM in this study had no prior awareness of PrEP, but after being informed about its potential benefits, the majority were willing to use it. However, PrEP uptake among Nigerian GBMSM remains low. Findings suggest that educational messages are necessary to ensure appropriate PrEP scale-up, especially tailored towards Nigerian GBMSM.

Contemporary International Society for Urological Pathology Grade Group System 2014: A 2-Year Retrospective Review of Prostate Cancers Diagnosed in Lagos University Teaching Hospital

Abstract Introduction Prostate cancer is the second most frequent cancer worldwide. It is the commonest cancer among men in Nigeria. Gleason grading and scoring system constitute the most useful prognostic indicator in prostate cancer diagnosis and management. Over the years, it has gone through important modifications. The most recent of these changes was in 2014 by the International Society for Urological Pathology (ISUP). The WHO adopted the new grading system in 2016. It was not adopted as part of routine reporting of prostate cancer biopsies in Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH) until 2017. The aim of this study is to categorize prostate cancers diagnosed in LUTH based on the grade group system and determine the pattern of prognostic distribution of prostate cancer cases since its adoption. Methods This is a descriptive study; data were retrieved from the histopathologic records of the Department of Anatomic Pathology. Prostate cancers cases diagnosed between 2017 and 2018 were stratified using the WHO-adopted 2014 ISUP grading system. Results During the 2 years, 93 cases of prostate cancers were diagnosed by core needle biopsies. Overall, mean age of cases was 69.85 years (SD 8.49, median = 70 years). Nearly 39% of the 93 cases were ISUP grade group 5 and about 24% were ISUP grade group 4. Together ISUP grade groups 3, 4, and 5 constituted 76.35% of all cases of prostate cancers. There was no statistically significant association between ISUP grade group and age (P = .266). Perineural invasion was present in 35.82% of cases. Sixty-seven percent of these were ISUP grade group 5. Conclusion The data from this study suggest that high-grade cancers, particularly those of the ISUP grade group 5, are the most frequently diagnosed prostate cancers in our institution. Further studies are required to document biochemical recurrence-free progression and survival among our patients.

Rising HIV prevalence among men who have sex with men in Nigeria: a trend analysis

BackgroundMen who have sex with men (MSM) are conservatively estimated to be less than 1% of the Nigerian population yet nationally account for about 20% of new HIV infection. We estimated the trend in HIV prevalence and determined correlates of HIV infection among MSM.MethodsThis study used data from respondent-driven sampling in three rounds of integrated biological and behavioral surveillance survey (2007, 2010 and 2014) and covered three states in 2007, six states in 2010 and eight states in 2014. Each round used similar methodology and thus allows for comparison. Behavioral data were obtained using a structured pre-coded questionnaire. Differences in categorical variables were assessed with Chi Square. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with HIV.ResultsA total of 879, 1545 and 3611 MSM were recruited in 2007, 2010 and 2014 respectively. Median age was 22 years for 2007 and 2014 while it was 24 years in 2010. About one-third of MSM in 2007 and 2014 and about two-fifths in 2010 had engaged in transactional sex. HIV prevalence increased from 14% in 2007 to 17% in 2010 to 23% in 2014 (p < 0.0001). Factors associated with HIV include older age ≥ 25 years (adjusted odds ratio {AOR}:2.41; 95% CI:1.84–3.16); receptive anal sex (AOR:1.92; 95% CI:1.54–2.40) and history of sexually transmitted infections (AOR:1.26; 95% CI:1.02–1.55).ConclusionThere’s been a consistent and significant increase in HIV prevalence among MSM with about 10-percentage points relative increase per year over 7 years. Older MSM were more likely to be HIV positive and this may reflect their prolonged exposure to high risk sexual activities. Evidence based interventions are urgently needed to mitigate intra-group HIV transmission and propagation of HIV epidemic between MSM and the general population.

HIV testing among men in Nigeria: a comparative analysis between young people and adults

ABSTRACTHIV testing among men is critical to ending the HIV epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa. Using the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey, 2016/2017, we examined the uptake and determinants of HIV testing among sexually active men in Nigeria. A total of 1254 young people (15–24 years) and 7866 adults (25–49 years) were included in the analysis. We conducted binary logistic regression analyses to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and adjusted OR for testing for HIV in the last 12 months preceding the survey. Approximately 18.7% of men had tested for HIV (young people [17%] vs. adult [19%], p=0.125). The overall adjusted model showed that the likelihood of HIV testing was significantly higher among those with at least primary education, currently married, who used condom at last sexual intercourse, who drank alcohol one month preceding the survey, with no discriminatory attitudes towards people living with HIV (PLHIV), exposed to media, in the rich and richest quintiles, and in the North Central Zone. Education, geopolitical zone, and discriminatory attitudes towards PLHIV were the significant factors common to both age groups. Our results suggest that HIV testing among sexually active men in Nigeria is low, and the determinants vary between young people and adults.