Memory Of Humanity Research Articles

Historical Memory and Volumetric-Spatial Composition of Tsitsernakaberd Memorial Complex

The erection of memorials and monuments plays an important role in the historical memory of humanity, self-recognition of society and awareness of the social nature of memory. From this point of view, we looked at the architectural-spatial environment of Tsitsernakaberd, the memorial complex dedicated to the victims of the Genocide, the organization of which is subject to the perpetuation of historical memory and is one of the manifestations of the preservation of national identity. It finds its parallels in world practice. The motivation for the construction of the memorial complex was the fiftieth anniversary of Yeghern. The Tsitsernakaberd hill has been completely culturalized, the landscape has passed through four conceptual lenses: ''text'', ''arena'', ''performance'' and ''wound'', achieving the harmony of hand-made and non-handmade. In the work, a complete examination of the architecture of the memorial complex was carried out by the method of comparative analysis of professional literature and personal observations. In conclusion, it can be said that the memorial dedicated to the memory of the Genocide victims, apart from its historical and artistic significance, is also a universal value and a sacred place for all those who consider human life as an absolute value regardless of nationality, religion or race.

Mounage Structures for Building a Film Narrative

The book "Montage Structures for Building a Film Narrative" by Dr. Bilyana Topalova is an indepth analysis of external montage structures and their transformation under the influence of new technologies. The research was done with reasoning and knowledge of new trends in cinema and film language. The topic is current and offers scientifically based conclusions and analyses. Cinema has become a visual, aural and narrative memory of humanity. Cinematic memory is more important, because of its social or cultural character, because there will always be a viewer who, when watching and listening to films, will have the opportunity and desire to discover something different from the familiar.

Doctor Eduardo Bernabé Ordaz: An Exemplary Father for Cuban Psychologists

There are figures that the passage of time is blurring from the memory archive of peoples. Others, on the contrary, take root with such force that they remain registered forever in the poetic memory of humanity». That is the case of Dr. Eduardo Bernabé Ordaz Ducungé (1921-2006), described by professor and senior researcher Raúl Fuillerat Alfonso (1950-2015) as the «intellectual and spiritual father of island psychologists» This chronicle evokes the sacred memory of the founding director of the Havana Psychiatric Hospital, on the occasion of Parents’ Day, in the year of the 101st anniversary of his birth.

Folklore of Ukrainian Prisoners of War of the Period of the First World War (After the Materials of the Phonogram Archives of the Austrian Academy of Sciences)

The article is devoted to the peculiarities of a large-scale anthropological project initiated in 1915 by the Austrian Academy of Sciences. It is provided, in particular, for the phonographic fixation of the examples of spoken language of war prisoners of various nationalities who fought on the side of the Russian Empire: Armenians, Jews, Latvians, Lithuanians, Russians, Ukrainians, Georgians, etc. These audio recordings, kept in the Phonogram Archives of the Austrian Academy of Sciences for more than a century, have been introduced into scientific discourse in 2018. They are encrypted and transcribed into Latin. There are the examples of folklore culture of the Ukrainians provided by 17 informants from 8 governorates of the Russian Empire of that time: Chernihiv, Kyiv, Kharkiv, Poltava, Kherson, Katerynoslav, Volyn and Voronezh. Among the list of inhabited areas, where the Ukrainian informants are originated from, we come across the infamous names of the present-day Russian-Ukrainian war: Olenivka, Bakhmut (Donetsk region), Kupiansk (Kharkiv region). Recordings have been made during July–September, 1915 and in 1916 in the war prisoners’ camps in Freistadt (Austria), Reichenberg (now Liberec, the Czech Republic) and in the Vienna hospital. They have been initiated by the famous anthropologist Rudolf Pöch (1870–1921), a native of Ternopil. He has been assisted by the Vienna language expert Hans Pollak (1885–1976) and the Ukrainian linguist and folklore specialist Ivan Pankevych (1887–1958), a graduate of the University of Vienna. Using the phonograph, these researchers have recorded the folk texts of different genres: the Cossack prayers, songs of literary origin, fairy tales (about animals and of novelistic nature), jokes, stories about the summer cycle calendar customs (in particular, about the women ritual dinner called bryksy) and dreams. The characteristic feature of these texts consists of the transformation of the song-like narrative into a prose; they are a valuable field material not only for the folklore specialists, but also for historians and linguists. Audio-recordings, provided by the Ukrainian war prisoners, form a part of 1899–1950s collection of the Phonogram Archives of the Austrian Academy of Sciences and are included into the UNESCO Register of Documentary Heritage Memory of the World / Memory of Humanity.

An Overview of Monkeypox Virus and Other Medically Important Poxviruses

Since the earliest times of history, smallpox left deep traces in the memory of humanity with the great epidemics and destruction (deaths) it caused. Variola virus, which is the causative agent of smallpox, and some other viruses in the same family have been a part of many extraordinary changes in the field of science and medicine. Poxviruses have a privileged position in the scientific world due to the fact that the first examples of immunization (variolation) in ancient civilizations, the first safe vaccines developed for use in humans (cowpox virus, vaccinia virus), first infection model of viral pathogenesis (ectromelia virus), and the first human infection eradicated globally (smallpox). Smallpox virus (variola major) is classified as a biological warfare agent (category A), causing high-mortality infections and epidemics, and remains a worldwide concern. These viruses are also unique with their various biological features. Poxviruses, one of the largest viruses associated with human infections, are widely used as a convenient model in vaccine development and vector-based treatment studies, with large number of protein coding, ability to replicate primarily in the cell cytoplasm (unlike other DNA viruses), and their other advantageous features. More than 10 species of poxviruses cause infections in humans, and except for a few species that are only isolated from humans, these viruses are generally associated with zoonotic infections. Monkeypox virus (MPXV), one of these species, was regarded far from being a threat to humanity in the past due to possible cross-immunity caused by smallpox vaccine. However, local monkeypox cases reported in Central and West Africa in the early 1970s were replaced by small-scale outbreaks in the United States and Sudan in the 2000s, and in the following periods, this virus is considered to be the most important species of the Poxviridae family after the eradication of smallpox virus due to the increasing number of case reports in African countries, especially in the Democratic Republic of Congo and Nigeria. In addition to epidemiological changes that increase the risk of contact with animal reservoirs, the growing proportion of the unvaccinated population and the new and unexpected transmission pattern indicate that human monkeypox infections may continue to intensify. In recent days, while many countries and health authorities have been re-evaluating the existing and potential risks related to monkeypox virus and smallpox virus, some countries have started to take various measures against the possibility of epidemic and biosecurity risks. The main purpose of this article is to consider the general biological characteristics of poxvirus strains, to examine their host distribution, and to provide an overview of the risks attributed to poxvirus strains associated with human infections.

The characters of Eremey Aipin is pursuit of identity (based on the novel “In Search of the Primordial Land”)

The subject of this article is the problem of identity of the characters in the novel “In Search of the Primordial Land” by the regional Khanty writer Eremey Aipin. The goal is to describe the key vectors of reflections of the main characters on personal and national identity. The author aims to analyze the path of spiritual and social becoming, as well as finding true identity in the world and society of the protagonists of the novel — “man of the kin” Matvey Taishin and the hero “without kith or kin” Roman Romanov. The study leans on the interdisciplinary comprehensive approach, with the use of cultural-historical, typological, ethno-cultural, axiological and imagological methods of analysis. The scientific novelty lies in examination of the characters of the literary work from the perspective of their identity and identification. Analysis is conducted on the two ways of finding true identity by the characters in the small and big world. Path of “man of the kin” is the cognition of capabilities of staying in the world, strengthening of inviolable faith as the essential link in the chain of life, nature, Cosmos, and humanity. Path of the hero “without kith or kin” is a series of initiations (according to V. Y. Propp), as a result of which he gradually assimilates to the “earthly world”, having acquired the experience of merging with society. It is proven that solution of the questions on personal, social and national identity of the characters of the novel is interrelated with the author's traditionalistic worldview. The conclusion is made that in a crisis historical situation, the characters of the novel intuitively tilt towards ancient cultural memory of humanity, seeing its as a basis for reconstruction of identity.

The impact of COVID-19 first wave on long term care facilities of an Italian Province: an historical reference

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic will leave a profound imprint in the collective memory of humanity. In Italy, Long-Term Care Facilities (LTCFs) have seen a disproportionally high number of deaths during and the COVID-19 pandemic and, certainly, they may be considered as its epicenter. Aiming to leave a symbolic mark of what the pandemic did in these care settings, we report on an outbreak in a single LTCF where, 53 out of 64 residents, resulted infected. Our narration is based on an epidemiological field investigation together with a calendar of passages through the stages of disease in the infected population. We found an age-gradient in all clinical and epidemiological variables explored such as symptoms onset, illness severity, recovery from symptoms and deaths. According to the disease staging, 26 (49%) were asymptomatic; 9 (17%) had a mild disease; 7 (13%) a moderate stage and 11 (21%) a severe illness severity of whom 10 died. For a more comprehensive description of the impact of the pandemic on LTCFs, we compared the standard mortality ratio (SMR) in the first six months of 2020 to that of 2018 and 2019 in all the 34 facilities of the Vicenza province. Overall, there was a SMR higher 60% than the equivalent period of the previous years.

Больше теорий хороших и разных: размышления над монографией Г. А. Двоеносовой о теории документа в парадигме междисциплинарного знания

G. A. Dvoenosova’s monograph is an attempt at theoretical rethinking of the phenomenon of document in the context of synergistic paradigm. It presents a full-scale structural and functional analysis of document. Based on the principle of causality, the laws of origin and evolution of document have been revealed, the role of document as a system-forming factor has been studied. These questions occupy several chapters in the monograph, where the phenomenon of document is examined in detail from different angles. Document is an interdisciplinary concept included in the dictionaries of many sciences: social, informational, humanitarian, technical, etc. This complicates its study and theoretical comprehension, since each scientific discipline forms its own view of the phenomenon, sets its own accents, and offers its own methods and approaches to its study. Being a classical document expert by education and vocation, G. A. Dvoenosova has made an attempt to integrate the existing knowledge on document into a unified theory based on synergetic toolkit and offered it to the scientific community. The author of the presented monograph is fluent in her material, using a variety of approaches to its interpretation (philosophical, informational, managerial, etc.). Her monograph is characterized by deep historiographic study of its main subjects and by its polemical orientation. Using different research optics, the author reveals the phenomenological nature of document, its systemic characteristics, allowing it to connect space and time, to organize society and structure its information flows. I would like to dwell on the definition of document as materialized memory of humanity. Evaluating the presented theory as an undoubted scientific achievement, it is important to emphasize that synergetic theory of document takes into account and integrates various achievements in the field of theoretical understanding of document as seen in classical document management, communication and information theories of document.

On Becoming a Non-Jewish Holocaust Writer: Yann Martel’s Beatrice and Virgil

To appraise Martel’s non-Jewish perspective of Holocaust thematic, it is important to assess it in the context of the Jewish relations with the Holocaust. Even though the Jewish claim to the uniqueness of the Holocaust has been disputed since the end of the war especially in Eastern Europe, the Jewish response determined to a large extent the reception of the disaster on the global scene. On a family level, the children of survivors have identified themselves as the legitimate heirs of the unknowable experience of their parents. On a collective level, the decree of Jewish annihilation constructed a Jewish identity that imposed an obligation to keep the Holocaust memory in the consciousness of the world. Martel proposes to supersede the history of the Holocaust with a story which would downplay the Jewish filiation with the Holocaust, elicit an affiliative response to the event of the non-Jewish writer and consequently integrate it into the memory of humanity at large. However, the Holocaust theme of Beatrice and Virgil refuses to assimilate within the general memory of humanity; rather, the consciousness of the event, which pervades the post-Holocaust world, insists on its constant presence. The omnipresence of the Holocaust blurs the distinctions between the filiative (Jewish) and affiliative (non-Jewish) attitudes toward the Jewish tragedy, gripping the writer in its transcendent horror. Disregarding his ethnic or religious origins, the Holocaust takes over the writer’s personal life and determines his story.

AYŞE KULİN’İN GECE SESLERİ ADLI ROMANINDA KADINA YÖNELİK ŞİDDET

Bireyi kendisine merkez olarak alan edebiyat, insanlığın ortak hafızası ve vicdanıdır. İnsan ise duyguları, düşünceleri ve karmaşık zihin dünyasıyla tanımlanması zor bir varlıktır. Roman, edebî türler içinde insan gerçekliğini uzun soluklu bir kurgu içinde vermesi ve anlatı dünyasının imkânlarından sonuna kadar faydalanması özelliğiyle kültürel, toplumsal değişim ve dönüşümün bir aynası niteliğindedir. Kendini oluşturmaya devam eden bir tür olarak romanın gücü, diğer edebî türlerin yapamadığı, kendini modern yaşamın şaşırtıcı hızına koşut bir şekilde güncellemesinde yatar. Türk edebiyatında romanın doğuşundan itibaren yazarlarımız, insanı ve onun dünyasını roman sanatının kendilerine sağladığı imkânlar ölçüsünde anlatmaya özen göstermişlerdir. Günümüz Türk romanının önemli isimlerinden olan Ayşe Kulin de romanlarında çağının tanığı ve sesi olarak, kadınları anlatan tutumuyla dikkati çekmektedir. Gece Sesleri romanı, vakaların geçtiği dönemin ekonomik, sosyal, kültürel koşullarını romancının özgün bakış açısıyla verirken tarihsel zamanın panoramasını da romanına bir arka plan olarak yerleştirmektedir.Toplum hayatında yaygın olarak görülen cinsiyetçi anlayış, geleneksel kültürümüzün de bu anlayışa sağladığı kültürel dayanakla en belirgin tavrını kadına yönelik şiddet ve ötekileştirme olgusunda göstermektedir. Kadına yönelik şiddet olgusu diğer bilim dalları tarafından da incelenmekle beraber insanı anlatan modern bir edebî tür olan romanda, toplumsal bir duyarlık temelinde işlenmektedir. Bu yazıda, Gece Sesleri adlı eserde kadına yönelik olarak gerçekleştirilen şiddetin değişik boyutları incelenerek romanın anlam dünyası içinde önemli bir nesne konumunda olan kadına dair bir farkındalık oluşturmak hedeflenmektedir.

The Practical Consideration of Ecological Landscape Design of Beautiful Countryside-The Practice and Consideration of Landscape Design of Countryside in Changan District, Xi’an

The construction of beautiful countryside is the national strategy of People’s Republic of China, which involves the economic development, cultural revitalization and the happiness index of the villagers of the vast rural areas. The ultimate target of the construction of beautiful countryside is the construction of benign development of modern countryside lifestyle. The author introduces the paper with practical activity, and with the inheritance of cultural tradition of countryside and the design application using rural material as the tool. Through the comb of the latest voluntary service practice and relevant considerations on it, the study attempts to pursue the possibility and reasonability of ecological landscape design of beautiful countryside in China. In terms of the inheritance of cultural tradition of countryside, there are two forms. In the first place, it embodies in the protection of traditional countryside cultural landscape; and in the second place, it embodies in the continuation of the idea of harmonious relationship between human beings and the nature in the daily life of villagers. With the rural materials that are familiar to the local villagers, the landscape construction of the countryside can better exhibit the history of their own village, the memory of great humanity and honour. Only in this way, can the landscape design be welcome.

Реалії 2020 року через призму рецепції роману Р. Бредбері "451° за Фаренгейтом"

The article under consideration raises the question of the reception and reinterpretation Ray Bradbury’s “Fahrenheit 451” in the context of 2020. The author emphasizes that the work of art, which has always been qualified by critics as a dystopian novel, has become the work of actualization, in the grotesque form, of modern civilization’s problems in the realities for the recent developments. The problems, raised by Ray Bradbury, are realized in the totally new way in research: the onset of technological progress on human personality, man’s lost and loneliness in the world of gadgets and virtual friends and relatives. It is stressed that the main problems raised in the novel are especially actual nowadays – the lack of family communication, mutual understanding between close people. The house ceased to be a kind of moral and physical refuge for a man, and native people fenced off from each other with “shells” of the headphones. Scientific advances affect human’s life is not always improving it, satisfying needs and whims without much effort, and this leads to simplification of the internal component of the individual and is the path towards degradation. One of the reasons, having led to this situation and, finally, caused to the destruction of a soulless civilization, is the reading prohibition and books destroying at all. However, they keep the memory of humanity preventing the mistakes of the past. Predicting the destruction of technically prosperous civilization, Ray Bradbury gives us the hope that is worth listening to. Just those, who have not lost the ability to communicate with each other and read books, will be saved. Perhaps, forced self-isolation will change our sad reality and help to get out of quarantine totally updated.

Cultural Heritage 'Protection of the Concept and Profiles'

The frenetic technological development, the exasperated consumerism, and uncertainty about the future of our planet, globalization and the globalization of human activities, have increasingly favoured, in different countries and communities, a collective national conviction of the need to maintain and recover ties with the past and with what constitutes the historical memory of humanity's cultural heritage.There are things that we regard as important to preserve for future generations. They may be significant due to their present or possible economic value, but also because they create a certain emotion within us, or because they make us feel as though we belong to something – a country, a tradition, a way of life. They might be objects that can be held and buildings that can be explored, or songs that can be sung and stories that can be told. Whatever shape they take, these things form part of a heritage, and this heritage requires active effort on our part in order to safeguard it. This article considers the contemporary status of this concept and argues that its constituent principles continue to provide a basis upon which a more comprehensive international law regime might be constructed to protect the world's cultural heritage, also the present condition of different heritage sites will be discussed. The interrelation between Globalisation, common heritage and cultural heritage will also be discussed in the article.

From Pompeii to Paris: ghostly cityscapes and the ruins of modernity in Théophile Gautier and Eugène Atget

This article explores visions of urbanity in the second half of the nineteenth century through Théophile Gautier’s writings and Eugène Atget’s photography, where the city appears depopulated, disembodied, and haunted by the clutter of mundane urban furnishings. Viewed through the prism of a new discipline (archaeology) by Gautier and a new medium (photography) by Atget, ruined buildings, decaying streets, graffiti, and enseignes, cart tracks and dingy storefronts configure an aesthetics of modernity. This aesthetics exploits the potential of the marginal, fragmentary, and disjointed debris of modernity to define urbanity in the absence of the human element. The ‘rags’ and ‘refuse’ from which Benjamin would later construct his Arcades allow Gautier and Atget to articulate a creative tension between the fragments of historical layers, imbued with the memory of humanity, and their impact on the viewer. The deserted cityscape becomes a narrative strategy with epistemological and ontological implications in the spatiotemporal experience of urbanity: in this space, the banal, unintentional detail comes to articulate urban and/or modern identities.

The Theory of Frame in Rejecting the Rejectionists’ Position on the Armenian Genocide

The focus of the present article is the fabricated nature of some rejectionists’ interpretations of the Armenian Genocide brought out by the theory of frame – a reliable instrument widely applicable in cognitive linguistics. Referring to the information accumulated and stored in the memory of humanity and actually reflected in different dictionaries, literary works, official correspondence and documents, the author draws the readers’ attention to the background significance of the concepts Armenian and Turk in the cognizance and evaluation of the genocidal events in Western Armenia at the beginning of the 20th century.

Les nouvelles technologies face à l’historiographie positiviste de l’histoire de France : étude sur le 19ème siècle en français : enjeux et perspectives

Cet article a donné la possibilité de rendre compte d’une analyse lexicale du 19ème siècle français dans l’édition mondiale produite durant les 19ème et 20ème siècles à l’aide d’un nouvel outil lexicométrique nommé « N-gram-Viewer » (visualisateur de fréquence de mots). Cet instrument numérique en ligne sur l’Internet nous a permis de réaliser une approche assez précise des occurrences lexicales des deux derniers siècles. Ce logiciel qui manipule un corpus de 5 millions de livres numérisés est à la fois linguistique et historique. Il offre en effet des possibilités nouvelles pour apprécier et expliquer l’histoire du 19ème siècle français entre mythe et réalité.La problématique centrale de cet article a donc été la suivante : dans quelle mesure peut-on dire que les nouvelles technologies linguistiques permettent d’obtenir un autre re- gard sur l’histoire dite traditionnelle d’un pays ? Et plus avant encore : dans quelle mesure peut-on dire aussi qu’une analyse structurelle macro-lexicale peut débusquer des représen- tations inédites et constitutives gravitant autour des « Grands Hommes » liés naturellement à l’histoire événementielle ou des positivistes d’un pays ?Les données obtenues ont permis de construire des courbes d’occurrences lexicales (nommées N-grammes) qui nous ont donné accès à un monde numérique jusqu’ici caché. Cet outil nous a permis surtout de voir un double immatériel de la mémoire de l’humanité car il offre l’accès à des traitements algorithmiques accélérés et à des enregistrements mas- sifs d’information connectés à l’édition mondiale.La science de fouilles de données (data mining), la science de réseaux (les graphes obtenus par l’Internet) et leur mise à jour par des « datas centers », tels ont été les trois pa- ramètres essentiels de cette recherche. Ces trois aspects techniques ont constitué la toile de fond de cette étude qui dispose au final de plus de 500 milliards de mots, soit environ 5 téraoctets. La création numérique de ce méga-texte réalisé par les laboratoires « Google » et l’université d’Harvard en 2010 a donc ouvert des perspectives inédites entre culture et nu- mérique, d’où le néologisme récent de « Culturomique » pour nommer ce microscope d’analyse linguistique au service de l’histoire.

Mitolojide çocuk istismarı olguları

The child abuse is an important public health problem. It constitutes all kinds of non-accidental physical or emotional ill-treatment, sexual abuse, neglect or negligent treatment, or commercial or other exploitation applied by the child’s parents or caretakers, that is harmful to the child’s health, development or dignity. That treatmentshould be inconsistent with cultural values of that society and confirmed as child abuse by the experts. In memory of humanity's common and secret mythology, old traditions, as well as the relationship between the archaic religions, the origins ofthe gods, their heroes and ancient people's ideas about how the world exists the relationship between holistic science. Making story and transfer of real events by the people we find in mythology. The most famousGreek-Roman Mythology and mythological narratives of child abuse in which we find here. This paper is intended to show that child abuse is as old as human history.

Отдельные грани сравнительного правоведения на современном этапе его развития

Based on the characteristics of the various understandings
 of the subject of comparative jurisprudence the author considers its
 subject-methodological possibilities in the cognition of the legal
 reality at the national and global levels, grounded on the scientific
 and methodological approaches, the potential for use in comparative
 jurisprudence. Indicated that despite the variety and diversity of
 legal systems human values are determined by the nature of human,
 which in turn determines the nature and social essence of law. Emphasized
 that in the context of intense scientific and technological
 progress, affecting the globalization of social life and the processes
 of legal unification, law is able to store and transmit the social
 memory of humanity and to form the necessary standards of conduct,
 grounded on the needs of society. In this context is argued a specific
 role for comparative jurisprudence as a science, focused on the
 identification of “self”, “next”, “other” by the way of comparative
 cognition. One of the faces of comparative jurisprudence at the present
 stage of development stands out for his humanistic orientation,
 which can be implemented in combination and correlation with the
 anthropological approach to comparative legal studies.

The Melancholy of Extinction: Lars von Trier's "Melancholia" as an Environmental Film

The Melancholy of Extinction: Lars von Trier's "Melancholia" as an Environmental Film

И. Кант, Э. Сведенборг и метафизика сверхчувственного

The article is devoted to the dispute between two eminent people of the time I. Kant and E. Swedenborg, a Swedish philosopher, scientist, engineer and poet, who, however, remained in the memory of humanity, mainly as the last Christian mystic, and the King of visionaries. It is shown that, although E. Swedenborg's oeuvre was important for I. Kant, it was only a trigger for scrutinising serious philosophical questions pertaining to the nature and limits of human knowledge the main area of concern of metaphysics.