Children's Memory Research Articles

시와 산문의 경계에서 얻은 체득적 깨달음의 실현 - 장영수의 시를 중심으로

The purpose of this paper is to examine the world of poetry by Jang Young-soo, a poet from Wonju who wrote the Chiak Mountain series of poems. There are two main reasons for paying attention to Jang Young-soo. One is that even though he was born in Wonju, he was omitted from the history of Wonju poetry, and the other is that his works were published in only 6 volumes of poetry published by ‘Moonji Publishing’. He is a poet who sang the local sentiments of Wonju in the central literary world while simultaneously writing and researching. The memories of childhood expressed in Jang Young-su's series of poems, “Chiak Mountain,” are filled with dark, gloomy light. At times, the speaker's wishes are revealed through the heard cries of the vulture and the chickadee, and at other times, it appears as a purified space of new birth as he hears the story of meeting his mother who ran away from home only after 30 years. Afterwards, the concrete object called “Chiak Mountain” changed to “hometown” and became an abstract language. Early on, his poetry attracted the attention of the literary world for its significant punctuation marks. Afterwards, he was unable to satisfactorily demonstrate his will and passion for creation and academics. However, he is a poet who tried to feel the tension as much as possible in the relationship between everyday language and poetic language. Therefore, I turn every moment I realize in my daily life into a work of poetry. In particular, the boundary between poetry and prose feels vague in works with a confessional tone, but his creation continues.

How Cultural Practices Influence the Understanding and Emotional Intensity of Mexican Children's Memories of Death Events.

This study assessed whether a sample of 43 children in Puebla, Mexico would show the Fading Affect Bias (FAB) for memories of the death of loved ones or pets and for general negative memories. FAB is a phenomenon in which emotional intensity associated with unpleasant memories fades faster than affect in pleasant memories. Mexican children showed FAB across negative and death memories. Younger children showed lower fading for general negative memories when compared to older children. A second aim of this work assessed whether younger (ages 4.83-9) and older (ages 10-13) children in Mexico would show biological and spiritual understanding of death, and findings indicated that Mexican children's understanding included both biological and spiritual subcomponents. Younger children showed lower comprehension of the death subcomponents Inevitability and Irreversibility. Higher depression, anxiety, and social stress scores as measured with the BASC-2 predicted lower FAB, lateralized to negative memories.

Children's Memory for Events: The Challenge of Free Recall.

Early childhood is a critical period for episodic memory development, with sharp behavioral improvements between ages 4 to 7 years. Prior work has demonstrated this extensively with prompted memory tasks, but we explored performance on unprompted, free recall of a naturalistic experience in children, and how their performance relates to other cognitive measures. We asked children and adults to view a television episode, a naturalistic task for which there exists a ground truth, and assessed their free recall memory for the episode. Children's free recall performance improved dramatically with age, with many young children producing no verbal free recall whatsoever, although prompted recognition memory measures showed retention of material. However, the detail in free recall was related to both recognition and temporal order forced-choice memory performance in our full sample, showing agreement among memory measures. Free recall was strongly predicted by verbal skills, suggesting that children's sparse recall reflects verbal skill development rather than a pure mnemonic deficit. We propose that free recall has a more protracted developmental trajectory because it requires more substantial verbal skills as well as metacognitive skills that direct memory search, as compared with forced-choice memory tasks.

Aubergine time: A day in 1980s Romania

AbstractThis piece of creative nonfiction originates from a desire to salvage characters and situations that are slowly disappearing in Romania, for natural and social reasons, from aging to emigration. For decades, especially as part of the processes of industrialization and urbanization during socialism, children left villages in search of opportunities to study and work in towns and cities around the country. Their own children would return to these villages during their school holidays and would stay with their grandparents, men and women born in the first half of the 20th century. I was one of these grandchildren. Until I was 18 years old, I spent the whole summer break with my grandmother. In this piece, I draw upon my childhood memories and conversations with persons of my age about the days they spent in the countryside when they were children, their relationship to their grandparents and village life in socialist Romania. My aim is to take the readers back in time, to a summer day in the late 1980s that an 11‐year‐old girl spends in her grandmother's company in a southern Romanian village.

Evaluation of comparative Efficacy of Jyotishmati and Yastimadhu granules in Enhancing IQ and Memory in Children having different Prakriti –A double blind Randomized Clinical Trial

Evaluation of comparative Efficacy of Jyotishmati and Yastimadhu granules in Enhancing IQ and Memory in Children having different Prakriti –A double blind Randomized Clinical Trial

Prenatal tobacco and tobacco-cannabis co-exposure: Relationship with attention and memory in middle childhood

We examined associations between prenatal tobacco exposure (with and without cannabis exposure) and children's performance on laboratory measures of sustained attention, attentional set shifting, and working memory in middle childhood (9–12 years of child age). Participants were recruited in the first trimester of pregnancy and oversampled for prenatal tobacco exposure; with a smaller sample (n = 133; n = 34 non-substance exposed, n = 37 exposed to tobacco only, n = 62 co-exposed) invited (oversampled for co-exposure) to participate in the middle-childhood assessment (M age = 10.6, SD = 0.77; 68% Black, 20% Hispanic). Results for sustained attention indicated lower attention (percent hits) at the first epoch for tobacco only exposed compared to non-exposed and co-exposed; a trend (p = .07) towards increases in impulsive responding across time (a total of 8 epochs) for tobacco exposed (with and without cannabis) compared to non-exposed children; and a significant association between higher number of cigarettes in the first trimester and greater increases in impulsive responding across epochs. However, children prenatally exposed to tobacco (with and without cannabis) demonstrated greater short-term memory compared to children not prenatally exposed, and this difference was driven by higher scores for children prenatally co-exposed to tobacco and cannabis compared to those who were non-exposed. Overall, results suggest that prenatal tobacco exposure, especially in the first trimester, may increase risk for impulsive responding on tasks requiring sustained attention, and that co-use of cannabis did not exacerbate these associations. The higher short-term memory scores among children who were co-exposed compared to non-exposed are perplexing and need replication, particularly in studies with larger sample sizes and samples exposed only to cannabis to examine this more closely.

Autobiographical memory of blind and sighted early teenagers: Memory accessibility, episodicity and phenomenology

AbstractVisual system is crucial to autobiographical memory. Research tended to show that blind adults may compensate for the loss of visual information in retrieval of their autobiographical memories. Much less is known about how blind children's autobiographical memory develops in the absence of visual information. Using cue‐word methodology, 36 sighted and 33 blind early teenagers were asked to recall memories and subsequently rated phenomenological qualities of their memories. Retrieval latency, the number of prompts provided, episodic and non‐episodic details reported for each memory were coded. In terms of memory accessibility, the blind group recalled comparable number of memories with comparable latency to retrieve memories, but they needed more prompting. Blind participants recalled similar number of episodic details; however, they reported more extraneous details, decreasing specificity. Blind early teenagers reported higher auditory imagery, a propensity to remember events from the first‐person perspective, and a tendency to remember events as coherent stories.

Visual Entrainment Improving Working Memory of Children With and Without ADHD/ASD: Preliminary Observations

Background: Children, especially those with neurodevelopmental disorders, often experience challenges in memory functioning. This literature directs to the imperative implications of working memory (WM), especially in academics. Objective: Given the distinct nature of WM in children and those with neurodevelopmental disorders, our study explored the role of alpha and beta visual entrainment on their WM performances. Methods: NCPs ( n = 19) and CPs with ADHD and comorbid conditions of autism ( n = 15) participated in our study. We adopted a repeated measure intervention-based design along with alpha-and-beta visual entrainment. Pretest, posttest, and follow-up data were collected using digit span tests. Electroencephalography (EEG) was further recorded during the entrainment phase. We administered statistical and coherence factor analysis to derive our results. Results: We observed that experimental participants performed better following the visual entrainment sessions. We further observed that alpha entrainment affected the digit span scores among clinical participants, whereas beta entrainment affected the performance of the nonclinical group. The entrainment effects additionally varied depending on the participant’s clinical symptoms. However, we found negligible long-term entrainment effects on their WM. Conclusion: Our observations explore the probability of individual effects of alpha and beta entrainment sessions on children’s WM performances and open an avenue for further research in the clinical domain. The study suggests translating brainwave entrainment into an intervention to promote cognition among children, especially those with neurodevelopmental disorders.

Multisensory Approach in Memorizing the Al-Quran for Early Childhood: Integration of the Tradition of Memorizing the Al-Quran with Digital Technology

Introducing the Quran to early childhood is a crucial foundation for developing their character and spirituality. In the modern technological era, adopting an effective learning approach is essential. This article reviews the significance of a multisensory approach in Quran memorization for early childhood. This study employed a mixed-methods approach, involving a survey of 50 parents selected through convenience sampling who participated in the tahfidz program. In addition, in-depth interviews were conducted with seven parents and three early childhood tahfidz teachers, complemented by direct observation of interactions in the memorization process. Data analysis was performed descriptively using MS Excel 2013 for quantitative data and NVivo 12 for qualitative data, based on the Miles and Huberman approach. The results indicate that the tradition of Quran memorization remains strong in Muslim families and is increasingly applied to early childhood. Methods involving multiple senses—such as hearing, sight, and touch—are preferred to enhance memorization. The integration of technology, combining audio, visual, and kinesthetic elements, creates an engaging memorization experience. This study confirms that a multisensory approach, along with technology integration and the active involvement of parents and teachers, enhances children's engagement and memory retention. It also provides a robust foundation for developing an effective religious education curriculum.

Characteristics of the Arctic nature in the perception of a child in the children's prose written by Semyon Tumat

Significant interest in the Arctic zone of Yakutia emerged at the end of the 20th century, when alluvial diamond deposits were discovered and began to be developed. The Arctic also has great prospects for hydrocarbons. At the present time there is a struggle for the development of natural resources of the Arctic, in this connection the relevance of the Arctic theme in Yakut literature as a whole increases. The Arctic is a mysterious, harsh northern land, which at the same time is very beautiful and dangerous. The land of White Silence fascinated and attracted explorers, travellers and romantics. Not only masters of words, but also artists, pedagogues, philosophers turned their eyes to the world of childhood as an integral part of people's life. Memories of childhood spent in the harsh northern land, of its courageous inhabitants - reindeer herders, hunters, fishermen - became the material for the literary works of the national writer of Yakutia, poet, prose writer Semyon Andreevich Popov-Tumat. In the works of the writer we get acquainted with the difficult life of the indigenous people of the North with their traditions, ways of life, with their feelings and dreams. We have analysed cycles of children's proses written by Semyon Tumat. In the stories of the writer contains a lot of cognitive information about the life of a simple man, a northerner, a master, transforming this harsh land and the amazing country of snow, endless sky, illuminated by the polar lights, the wonderful world of the Arctic. S. Tumat's prose does not glorify tenderness or mercy. In the works of the writer the most important themes are: the theme of childhood, upbringing, family, faith, willpower, the theme of nature, friendship and love. However, love for his native northern land, parents, the world of the Arctic appears in the works of a strong feeling, imprinted forever on the heroes. Semyon Andreevich approached to the disclosure of this issue individually; thinking over the style and details of the narrative, composition of the works, character and psychology of the heroes.

Nostalgia in the entertainment industry: the case of Pokémon Go and The Little Mermaid

Nostalgia-based marketing strategies have garnered significant attention in recent times owing to their ability to evoke deep emotions and influence consumer behaviour. However, the success of nostalgia-based marketing is not a foregone conclusion. The effectiveness of nostalgia depends on the characteristics of the product and the target audience. This study uses qualitative research to explore the boundaries of strong nostalgia-triggered feelings in two different entertainment products: the 2015 video game Pokémon Go and Disney’s 2023 remake of The Little Mermaid. Interpretative analysis revealed two key concepts that are crucial to understanding target audience attitudes and behaviour: habituation and changes in the core features of the original product. A delicate, nuanced balance is required between respect for the essence of the original nostalgic product and the introduction of innovations to prevent habituation. This balance is crucial in order to preserve the core features that lead to the formation of personal and collective childhood memories.

Avatars contemporains du conteur dans Le Petit Chaperon Uf de Jean-Claude Grumberg

Avatars of the Storyteller in Le Petit Chaperon Uf by Jean-Claude Grumberg. Since the 17th century, when the story became part of the written literature thanks to Charles Perrault, the fairy-tale Le Petit Chaperon rouge represents an inexhaustible source of inspiration for all art creators. Over time, the renewal stakes of this canonical history changed and, during the 21st century, the heroine of the marvelous universe enters the theatre stage and inscribes the recreative approach of the tale in a contemporary art that puts together aesthetics and ethics. One of the authors who successfully managed to reconcile ancient and contemporary culture by transforming the canonical scheme of this tale is Jean-Claude Grumberg. Being a contemporary writer who finds the creative substance of his work in his childhood memories and in the painful experience of the deportation of the Jews, Grumberg wrote in 2005 the play Le Petit Chaperon Uf in order to tell the Shoah differently and to propose alternatives to a possible recurrence of evil. In his process of cultural and generic adaptation of the tale, the storyteller has an essential role. Our study aims to answer to two questions: ''why the storyteller is metamorphosing?'' and ''who is his avatar?'' in the play Le Petit Chaperon Uf. Playing an essential role in the process of transmitting the tale over time, nowadays, he becomes part of the performance and his voice merges with the voice of other participants in the action. The wolf-storyteller and the heroine-storyteller try, each in turn, to tell the tale in order to impose their own version of the great [His]Story of humanity: the terrifying and monstrous, for the Nazi-wolf, and that of peace, for the little girl forced to wear the yellow hood. Keywords: fairy-tale, theatrical adaptation, hybridization, rewriting, contemporary literature.

Bone Marrow-Suppressive Treatment in Children Is Associated with Diminished IFN-γ Response from T Cells upon Polyclonal and Varicella Zoster Virus Peptide Stimulation.

Severe haematological diseases and lymphoid malignancies require bone marrow (BM)-suppressive treatments. Knowledge regarding the impact of BM-suppressive treatments on children's memory T cells is very limited. Memory T cells play a crucial role in defending against herpesviruses, which is particularly relevant in paediatric cancer care. We studied 53 children in total; 34 with cancer and 2 with severe haematological disorders, with some receiving BM-suppressive treatment with or without allogeneic-haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), alongside 17 healthy controls. We focused on peripheral blood proportions of memory T-cell subsets using flow cytometry and analysed cytokine-secreting T cells with a four-parameter FluoroSpot assay in response to T-cell mitogen and varicella zoster virus (VZV) peptides. Patients on BM-suppressive treatment showed increased clusters of differentiation (CD)4+ and CD8+ effector memory (TEM)/terminally differentiated effector (TEFF) T cells compared to the healthy controls. They also exhibited, amongst other things, when compared to the healthy controls, a reduced total number of cytokine-secreting cells, by means of interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-17A, IL-10, and IL-22, following mitogen activation. A diminished IFN-γ response among the children with BM-suppressive treatment was observed upon VZV-peptide stimulation, compared to the healthy children. Collectively, the findings herein indicate that the children who are undergoing or have finished BM-suppressive treatment display qualitative differences in their T-cell memory compartment, potentially increasing their susceptibility to severe viral infections and impacting their immunotherapy, which relies on the functional ability of autologous T cells.

Childhood adversities and memory function in later life: the mediating role of activity participation

BackgroundChildhood adversities may lead to decreased activity participation in later life, impacting memory health in ageing adults. Childhood adversities related to deprivation and threat, as conceptualized by the Dimensional Model of Adversity, can exhibit distinct impacts on cognitive and emotional outcomes in children and younger adults. This study examined the potential influence of childhood deprivation and threat on memory function in later life and the mediating role of activity participation in these relationships.MethodsThis study used data from the first wave of Panel Study of Active Ageing and Society (PAAS), a representative survey of Hong Kong residents aged 50 or above (N = 1,005). Key variables included late-life memory function measured by delayed recall test, deprivation- and threat-related childhood adversities, and the frequency of participation in informal and formal types of activities. Mediation tests were used for analysis.ResultsChildhood deprivation was associated with a lower late-life memory function, whereas threat was not. The negative effects of childhood deprivation and its subdomain, economic hardship, on memory function were mediated by activity participation. Total participation scores presented the strongest mediating effect (17.3–20.6%), with formal activities playing a more substantial mediating role than informal activities in mitigating the effect of childhood deprivation.ConclusionsThese findings expand the applicability of the Dimensional Model of Adversity to ageing populations, highlighting the influence of deprivation on life-long cognitive development. Furthermore, this study revealed an indirect mechanism by which childhood deprivation affects memory health in old age through diverse activity participation.

The influence of semantics on long-term visual memory capacity in children and adults.

Human visual memory capacity has a rapid developmental progression. Here we examine whether image semantics modulate this progression. We assessed the performance of children (6-14 years) and young adults (19-36 years) on a visual memory task using real-world (or meaningful) as well as abstract image sets, which were matched in low-level image attributes. For real images, we find comparable performance across the two age groups, consistent with previously reported results. However, for abstract images, we find a clear age-related difference indicating greater reliance of children's memory processes on semantics, suggesting that strategies for encoding abstract patterns keep improving even into late childhood. We complemented these studies with computational experiments designed to examine the role of increasing experience with real-world images on real and abstract image encoding, to examine whether the observed age-related differences, as well as the general privilege of real over abstract images, can emerge directly through experience with meaningful images. Our results provide support for this possibility and set the stage for a finer-grained investigation of the timeline along which children's memory capacity for abstract images reaches adult levels.

Application of Habituation and Singing Methods in Forming Character Religious and Moral Values in Early Childhood

This research aims to describe the process of character formation with religious and moral values through habituation and singing methods. The approach used in the research is descriptive qualitative with data collection techniques of observation, interviews and documentation. Data analysis which includes data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. Testing the validity of the data uses triangulation techniques, namely technical triangulation and source triangulation. The results of the research show that the habituation and singing method allows children to directly model what they can and cannot do. So that children get used to doing something that is good and easy to remember or sticks in the child's memory and will become a habit that forms character, religious and moral values. These two methods also make learning activities more interesting, not boring and monotonous for children.

Transactional Linkages Between Parenting Behaviors and Child Executive Functions and Self-Regulation from Early Childhood to Adolescence.

Research on the development of executive functions (EFs) and self-regulation (SR) has focused heavily on the early childhood years, when these abilities first emerge. Less is known in comparison about how these abilities develop through adolescence, and how contextual factors, such as parenting, influence their development in later years. Using longitudinal data from the Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (SECCYD), we used random intercept cross-lagged panel modeling (RI-CLPM) to examine the bidirectional linkages between three parenting behaviors (i.e., autonomy support, supportive presence, hostility), child EFs (i.e., working memory, inhibitory control) and child SR outcomes, from early childhood to adolescence. Parenting in early childhood was significantly associated with change in child EFs from early to middle childhood, but not from middle childhood to adolescence. Specifically, greater autonomy support in early childhood was associated with stronger child working memory and inhibitory control in middle childhood; greater supportive presence in early childhood was associated with stronger child working memory in middle childhood; and higher rates of hostility in early childhood were associated with weaker child inhibitory skills in middle childhood. Reciprocal effects of child EF and SR on parenting were also observed. Specifically, stronger child inhibitory control in early childhood was associated with less hostility in middle childhood, and stronger child self-regulation in middle childhood was associated with greater supportive presence in adolescence. Accounting for lagged and stability effects, there was significant residual covariance between parenting behaviors and child SR in adolescence, suggesting that parenting continues to be associated with the development of SR skills through adolescence. Understanding reciprocal linkages between parenting and child EF/SR through adolescence is critical in developing targeted parenting interventions beyond early childhood to improve children's outcomes.

Musculoskeletal System and Gait Characteristics in Patients with Osteogenesis imperfecta

Objectives The aim of the study was to assess the muscoloskeletal system and spatiotemporal gait parameters of patients in three types of osteogenesis imperfecta. Design study Retrospective observational study. Settings The Department of Rehabilitation, Children's Memorial Health Institute in Warsaw, Poland. Participants This study investigated individuals with various types of osteogenesis imperfecta: 33 with osteogenesis imperfecta I (aged 13.9), 16 with osteogenesis imperfecta III (aged 10.4), and 14 with osteogenesis imperfecta IV (aged, 15.8), as well as a reference group of 400 healthy individuals. Main measures The musculoskeletal assessment included: medical record review, clinical evaluation, functional tests, long bone deformity assessment via clinical and X-ray examination, and objective gait analysis with the Vicon Motion Systems (Ltd, Oxford, UK). Results The study revealed notable differences in clinical presentation, deformities within the musculoskeletal system, gait parameters across the various types of osteogenesis imperfecta (p < 0.001). The most affected gait parameters were: cadence, gait speed and step length. The greatest deformities of lower limbs and spine were presented in patients with osteogenesis imperfecta type III. Conclusions These findings are significant for understanding gait abnormalities in osteogenesis imperfecta patients and designing customized physiotherapy programs to help them participate fully in daily life. Improvement of muscle strength is one of the key for easier engagement in activities like walking or stair-climbing.

Null cross-modal effects of olfactory training on visual, auditory or olfactory working memory in 6- to 9-year-old children.

Systematic exposure to odours (olfactory training, OT) is a method of smell loss treatment. Due to olfactory system projections to prefrontal brain areas, OT has been hypothesized to enhance cognitive functions, but its effects have been studied predominantly in adults. This study tested OT effects on working memory (WM), i.e., the ability to store and manipulate information for a short time, in healthy children aged 6-9 years. We expected OT to improve olfactory WM and establish cross-modal transfer to visual and auditory WM. Participants performed 12 weeks of bi-daily OT with either 4 odours (lemon, eucalyptus, rose, cloves; OT group) or odourless propylene glycol (placebo group). Pre- and post-training, participants' WM was measured utilizing odours (olfactory WM) or pictures (visual WM) and a word-span task (auditory WM). 84 children (40 girls) completed the study. The analyses revealed no changes in the WM performance following OT. The olfactory WM task was the most difficult for children, highlighting the need to include olfactory-related tasks in educational programmes to improve children's odour knowledge and memory, just as they learn about sounds and pictures. Further neuroimaging research is needed to fully understand the impact of OT on cognitive functions in children.

Development of working memory and inhibitory control in early childhood: Cross-sectional analysis by age intervals and gender in Ecuadorian preschoolers.

Working memory (WM) and inhibitory control (IC) play a crucial role in learning during early childhood. The literature suggests a non-linear developmental trajectory of executive functions (EFs) with varied results according to gender, usually attributed to environmental factors. However, there is insufficient and inconclusive data on whether this pattern is reproduced in the Latin American preschool population since most studies have been conducted in English-speaking, European, and Asian environments. Thus, objectively comparing children's executive performance across diverse international geographical contexts becomes challenging. This study aimed to conduct a cross-sectional analysis of the performance in WM and IC of 982 Ecuadorian preschoolers aged between 42 and 65 months (M = 53.71; SD = 5.714) and belonging to medium-high, medium, and low-medium socioeconomic strata. The participants consisted of 496 boys (M = 53.77; SD = 5.598) and 486 girls (M = 53.65; SD = 5.834), representing nine cities in Ecuador. To assess the effect of age and gender on performance in these two domains, the sample was divided into four 6-month age intervals. Two tests were administered to the participants, and a survey was conducted with 799 of their usual caregivers. Viewing the cross-sectional mean scores of the WM and IC tests as a temporal continuum reveals an upward trend in each age interval studied. Girls outperformed boys on the IC test, showing statistically significant differences in the earliest age interval. The gender differences in executive performance reported in the literature emphasize the need to explore the modulating effect of environmental variables on early childhood development. This information could offer valuable insights for adapting and optimizing cognitive and didactic strategies in early childhood tailored to the characteristics and needs of the preschool population.