Memory Lane Research Articles

Drugs Prototypes and Their Exploitation

This book is a development of Dr Sneader's earlier and invaluable Drug Discovery: the Evolution of Modern Medicines, first published in 1985. The author, who is Senior Lecturer in Pharmaceutical Sciences at Strathclyde University, has identified 240 chemical prototypes and has adopted the novel approach of tracing the development of the final pharmaceutical products through a number of generations. The prototypes, on the basis of their origins, are divided into six main groups: mineral and organic; plants; animal or human body; micro-organisms; synthetic chemicals; and serendipitous discoveries. Typographic devices are employed to indicate degrees of relationship. Prototypes are enclosed in double-line boxes, next-of-kin in single-line boxes, followed by underlining and descending emphasis of type-face, extending in some instances to eight levels of descent. Chapters are introduced by family trees, on which, for example, some 55 derivatives of atropine, 50 of adrenaline or 30 of ephedrine are delineated. Much pharmaceutical fog is dispersed and some unexpected relationships become evident — phenylbutazone to quinine, naloxone to thebaine and fentanyl and its congeners, via haloperidol and pethidine, to atropine, for example. The book is replete with structural formulae, which are invaluable for demonstrating chemical relationships, to which similarities and differences of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties can be attached. The book opens with a brief but useful chapter on drug therapy and its origins throughout the ages, starting with the Egyptian medical papyri and proceeding via Greek and Arab medicine and the Renaissance, to the nineteenth century. Comprehensive accounts of the various prototypes and derivatives follow, with brief histories of the compounds, their mode of discovery and development, including the primary references, their uses and, where known, the people involved. Although it covers the whole range of pharmaceutics, the book will be of especial interest to anaesthetists partly because of its comprehensive anaesthetic content and partly because in the nature of things the anaesthetist requires a far wider knowledge of drugs than does any other practitioner. As regards anaesthetics, a number of the inhalational agents, from nitrous oxide to enflurane and several others, including lignocaine and its derivatives, feature as serendipitous discoveries; and the cover is comprehensive. Drugs now obsolete, but which spearheaded the anaesthetic revolution of the late 1940s, are here; penta- and hexamethonium, introduced as antidotes to the muscle relaxant decamethonium and soon found serendipitously and alarmingly to have profound hypotensive effects; and mephenesin, another relaxant, derived from a constituent of an expectorant cough mixture, which itself, by substitution of a chlorine ion for a methane radicle, became an antifungal drug. This comprehensiveness is of great value to the historian and it provides a pleasant stroll down memory lane for those who lived through this period. But as regards anaesthesia there are one or two inaccuracies, or debatable statements. Horace Wells's unfortunate patient, for example, would hardly have ‘struggled in agony under the surgeon's knife’, since he was having a tooth out and Dr Frank Bennetts has shown that the number of barbiturate-attributed deaths at Pearl Harbour was greatly exaggerated. The comprehensive nature of this book makes it of interest and value to clinicians, researchers and pharmacists. It should be in the library of every medical school and postgraduate centre. It is not just another pharmacology textbook; it is like no other. Dr Sneader has produced the Burke's Peerage of pharmaceuticals.

Recollections of CVD Conferences

The “father” of CVD, Dr. John Blocher, takes us on a nostalgic trip down memory lane with some personal recollections about the beginning of CVD and about the International CVD and EUROCVD conferences he has attended over the last 30 years. There are some delightful professional and social cameos, illustrating the scientific stimulation and sense of community the meetings have provided. The younger members of the international CVD community will indeed see that we have a substantial and rich heritage.

Managerial and Organizational Cognition: Notes from a Trip Down Memory Lane

The study of cognition in organizations has burgeoned in recent years. Top-down information processing theory suggests that individuals create knowledge structures to help them process information and make decisions. While the benefits of employing such knowledge structures are widely noted, there is a growing concern that they can limit decision makers’ abilities to understand their information environments and thus, compromise their decision making. This issue has captured the imagination of managerial and organizational cognition researchers. To date, their inquiry has been eclectic in focus and method. To order and advance this work, the author reviews extant research on the developmental origins and decision consequences of both the content and structure of knowledge structures at multiple levels of analysis. A host of research challenges are identified to help develop a better understanding of knowledge structure representation, development, and use in organizations.

Reading Desi Arnaz in The Mambo Kings Play Songs of Love

Oscar Hijuelos's Pulitzer Prize-winning novel The Mambo Kings Play Songs of Love (1989) won high praise from reviewers its depiction of New York Latin music scene of forties and fifties, although some critics have faulted it a dragging plot and excessive descriptions.(1) Nicolas Kanellos, director of Arte Publico Press, called it the best Hispanic book ever published by a large commercial press (113). He gives following reason why this novel stands out: Not your typical ethnic autobiography which charts a protagonist's search American dream, The Mambo Kings instead is an evocation of period when one segment of Hispanic culture heavily influenced American popular culture, dancing its way right into heart of mainstream (113). Indeed, The Mambo Kings Play Songs of Love is populated by many of greats who brought Latin rhythms of mambo, rumba, and cha-cha-cha into North American mainstream: Tito Puente, Celia Cruz, Perez Prado, Beny More, and, most important to this novel, Desi Arnaz. In a New York Times Book Review article, Joseph Cincotti calls Hijuelos's effort to evoke this place and time literary archaeology (30), while Hijuelos himself, in same article, refers to it as wandering around 1952..., taking walks down memory lane, even if it's not my memory. One might wonder to whose memory Hijuelos is referring. It is significant that text itself reflects this memory/not memory tension, this search something experienced yet not experienced. This dichotomy is revealed in novel's crucial linguistic ambivalence, which has been described by Gustavo Perez Firmat,(2) and which Ilan Stavans calls for tourists.(3) On another level text suggests that memory it seeks to recover is a collective one rooted in both Anglo and Hispanic cultural experiences of music and television. I will argue that Desi Arnaz/Ricky Ricardo character construct serves multiple purposes in narrative, providing a stable referent author's archaeological finds while at same time creating unstable effects. The presence of historical characters in a novel may contribute to verisimilitude by relying on reader's knowledge to supply this very illusion of real, or it may serve a more subversive narrative purpose, such as creating tension between reader's knowledge and expectation on one hand and what narrative actually delivers on other. A proper name (say, Charlie Chaplin or John Wayne) is a locus of multiple meanings that can never be exhausted by a list of adjectives or a study of roles played. In The Mambo Kings names Desi Arnaz and Ricky Ricardo are deployed to draw on reader's experience of popular culture, thus providing a structure or map some of novel's thematic concerns; however, as we shall see, these names and their significance in popular culture are reinvented in novel. These names, not surprisingly, often appear in reference to I Love Lucy television show (a title which could arguably be said to function much way a proper name does), evoking even more extensive cultural significance. Fictional identities often blend, as reader of The Mambo Kings encounters references to Desi Arnaz (fictionalized historical person) and then Ricky Ricardo (fictional television character played by Arnaz) as if no boundary - real or fictional - existed between them. The effect is somewhat like a narrative optical illusion, where eye sees two distinct images but can process only one at a time.(4) This suggests, as histories of I Love Lucy show have said, that Desi Arnaz played himself in series.(5) While this is an easy line to swallow - after all Arnaz was a Cuban singer and bandleader and played one on show - it obfuscates division between performing self and non-performing self. For television viewer, Desi Arnaz and Ricky Ricardo are surely same entity. And reader of The Mambo Kings will have no difficulty visualizing Desi/Ricky in novel or assuming an acquaintance with him, because he is universally known. …

FEL prize lecture: The FEL community and its technology as seen through the eyes of a microwave tube engineer

Following a stroll down memory lane where he answers the most commonly asked questions about the ubitron, the author comments on the FEL community and its technology as seen through the eyes of a life-long microwave tube engineer.

Beijing: A City without Walls

Beijing: A City without Walls

Turgenev: A Reading of His Fiction

Preface Introduction: Turgenev and his antinomies 1. Life and reputation 2. Poetry, plays, criticism 3. First stories 4. Serfs and serf-owners: A Sportsman's Sketches 5. Transition: the end of serfdom: the 'superfluous man' 6. Love and the superfluous man 7. 'Hamlet and Don Quixote' - Rudin 8. The 'Turgenev heroine': A Nest of Gentry 9. The New Man and the New Woman: On the Eve 10. The first nihilist: Fathers and Children 11. The legacy of nihilism: 'Enough', Smoke 12. 'There are more things in heaven and earth' 13. The years that are no more 14. Down memory lane 15. Seeds of revolution: Virgin Soil 16. The last writings 17. Epilogue Notes Index.

Growing up with Eli

“Trips down memory lane” are often difficult to write, to read, and especially to understand. The knowledge and insight gained along the way, however, is sometimes worth the trouble. An “anecdotal article”, contributed to this Festschrift in honor of Professor E. Burstein, on the occasion of his 75th birthday, follows.

The hospitals of portsmouth: past and presentThe Hospitals of Partsmouth: Past and Present Gange M Ensign Publications 78pp £2.60 1-85455-001-2

The fortieth birthday of the National Health Service in 1988 produced a positive rash of history books, and this is one more in the 'Down Memory Lane' series which was produced on the general theme of Hampshire.

THE WRONG MEMORY LANE

The SciencesVolume 28, Issue 3 p. 56-56 THE WRONG MEMORY LANE R. Chast, R. ChastSearch for more papers by this author R. Chast, R. ChastSearch for more papers by this author First published: May‐June 1988 https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2326-1951.1988.tb03025.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume28, Issue3May‐June 1988Pages 56-56 RelatedInformation

Production Loans: One Bank's Approach

Introduction Once upon a lime lending to the oil and gas business was straightforward. Prices for oil and gas were low and expectations were that they would remain that way. Producers were told how much oil each well could produce through the provincial allowable system and there were a limited number of purchasers. The gas marketing situation was stable and there were only a handful of gas purchasers. Loans to oil companies were usually made based on proven producing assets which were often secured by Section 82 assignments. The financial and regulatory environment has changed significantly since that time. So has the way loans are made. The way of taking security is catching up. We have moved from a straightforward lending environment where there were a handful of larger oil companies to one which is qui[e different where there are a multitude of oil companies, many with unique financing needs. The taking of security must parallel the style of loan analysis. Loan analysis can either be on a total corporate basis or on an individual project basis. Security can either be taken on the company as a whole or on a group of individual properties. In the former case, the underlying assumption is that the company will continue operations (i.e. it will continue to own and operate existing assets and that it will continue to develop new assets). In the latter case, the underlying assumption is that the bank could realize on its security, should the need arise, and sell these assets to a third party to effect payout. Lending Environment Let us take a trip down memory lane and see how the lending environment has changed over the past 10 to 15 years. Prior to the early 1970s, major oil companies controlledproduction and held large inventories which were used primarily to stabilize international oil markets and prices. During the past 10 to 15 years, governments in many producing countries took control of production. Today, major integrated companies hold inventories primarily for their day to day operations and are not in a position to materially influence markets and prices. Low inventories at the consuming end have led to price instability and volatility. The price for oil has declined significantly since December 1985 and it is difficult today to project the future price of oil with any degree of certainty, a complexity which was not previously thought to be here. Within Canada, many rules under which oil companies operate have been changed over the past 10 to 15 years. In the mid-1970s:Crown royalties were increased from a flat rate in Alberta to a sliding scale rate with a maximum Crown royalty being almost 45%;Crown royalties were made non-deductible for calculation of income tax, thus moving forward the tax horizon for nontaxable companies; andthe Resource Allowance was introduced to partially compensate for the disallowance of Crown royalties for income tax purposes. The industry adjustment to these changes were made easier by the ever increasing price of oil in the mid-to-late 1970s.

Foreword: Forty years on

Foreword: Forty years on

A Discovery Down Memory Lane

The author goes down memory lane and remembers as to how the first university position in prehistory in the Antipodes was advertised and the state of science in Australia. In those days, Australia was very much dependent on scientists from Europe to go to Australia and start new university departments in scientific subjects.

"We have changed and so has memory lane". Thoughts on E.A. Levenson, The Fallacy of Understanding.

"We have changed and so has memory lane". Thoughts on E.A. Levenson, The Fallacy of Understanding.

The Mystery of the Cross-Roads

FEW phenomena or situations in nature have intrigued, teased, or tantalized the mind of man more than the meeting and parting of ways. The mighty rise of a mountain might challenge his courage and athletic instincts to try the steep ascent and lead him, if frustrated, to imagine that supernatural powers hinder his upward climb or even purpose to plunge him down to his destruction. The depths of the waters would repulse the diver and bar his downward progress unless, it was imagined, access was granted by supernatural agency. The impassable, mist-shrouded marshes and fens and dark, endless forests challenged the courage of the boldest and bravest to try to defy their animaland, supposedly, demon-haunted widths and depths. Compared to such perils and terrors, easily manifest to the more or less primitive mind, the meeting and parting of roads might be thought to seem like a comforting landmark of human endeavour and reassuring advance of civilization into the mysterious realm of nature. Yet this has turned out to be very far from being the case. The meeting and parting of ways is a phenomenon that has to an amazing extent captured popular imagination, in a way that bridges the cleft between primitive superstition and modern poetic fantasy; it has left its imprint on the mind of man on various levels of development. In the recorded folklore of many lands cross-roads' are associated with the appearance and activities of various, generally uncanny creaturesghosts, witches, and demons of many kinds. They are a place where mysterious preternatural phenomena occur and magic rites of multiple sorts are performed.2 At them suicides were in former times traditionally buried. An indication of the impact this widespread fascination with cross-roads and the popular superstitions connected therewith has had even on the sophisticated modern mind are its reflections in literature, even aside from that of the popular kind. Who, having read Ibsen's Peer Gynt, can forget the Button-moulder, the re-caster of negative souls, who in the final act of the immortal play relentlessly awaits the protagonist, on each roadintersection to find out if the latter qualifies as his legitimate prey ? Scarcely less memorable to readers of Galsworthy's short story The Apple Tree is the suicide's grave at the cross-road, the sudden recognition of whose surroundings sends the ageing wayfarer Ashurst on a journey down memory lane to vividly relive a bitter-sweet romance of his youth. Readers of Heinrich Heine may recall the woebegone lyric poet's contemplation of the blue Armensiinderblume 'Poor Sinner's Flower' (Wild Chicory) at a cross-road,