Subjects with varying musical experience listened to a series of 24 brief excerpts from relatively unfamiliar folksongs. Subsequently, test series of 20 similar excerpts was presented and the subjects indicated for each excerpt whether they had heard that precise song before or, if not, whether they had heard the tune or the words. The test items included (a) old songs, (b) new songs, (c) old tunes with new words, (d) new tunes with old words, and (e) old tunes with “mismatched” old words that had previously been part of a different song. The results showed that old songs were recognized very well, whereas recognition of old tunes with new or mismatched old words was very poor, and recognition of old words with new or mismatched old tunes was good but nevertheless below the accuracy achieved for old songs. Thus, melody and text of songs seem to be remembered in an integral fashion, not as separate entities. [Work supported by NSF.]