Memecylon Umbellatum Research Articles

STUDIES ON PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING, TANNINS CONTENT AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY FROM LEAF AND CALLUS EXTRACTS OF MEMECYLON UMBELLATUM.

Objective: This study aims to determine the phytochemical screening, tannins content, and antibacterial activity from leaf and callus extracts of Memecylon umbellatum.Methods: Preliminary screening involved the qualitative methods to detect the presence of terpenoids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, steroids, quinones, saponins, cardiac glycosides, and alkaloids. Total tannins contents were quantitatively estimated with tannic acid as standard. Different concentrations of ethanolic leaf and callus extracts were tested using the agar disc diffusion technique for the antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli.Results: The phytochemical analysis of leaf and callus extract of M. umbellatum revealed the presence of significant secondary metabolites such as tannins, saponins, quinones, cardiac glycosides, phenols, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, and alkaloids. The total tannins content in callus and leaf extract were found to be 11.37 mg tannic acid equivalents (TAE)/g and 7.1 mg TAE/g, respectively. The antibacterial activity of ethanolic leaf and callus extracts of M. umbellatum shown more active against B. subtilis. Both the callus and leaf extract of M. umbellatum was found to be inactiveagainst E. coli.Conclusion: It was concluded that the powerful antibacterial effect is attributed to the greater amount of tannin compounds in the ethanolic callus extracts of M. umbellatum.Keywords: Memecylon umbellatum, Callus extract, Tannins, Phytochemical analysis, Disc diffusion, Antibacterial activity.

The anti diabetic and anti obesity effect of Memecylon umbellatum extract in high fat diet induced obese mice.

In recent years, obesity and diabetes have become the epidemic mainly due to fast food and lifestyle changes. Several herbs have been claimed to control diabetes and obesity. However, there are a few which control both. Our aim was to evaluate the anti-diabetic and anti-obesity activity of methanolic extract of Memecylon umbellatum (MU) in alleviation of insulin resistance (IR). Diet induced obese (DIO) mice model was developed by feeding the mice on high fat diet (HFD) for 10 weeks resulting in hyperglycemia, obesity and IR. 250mg/kg body weight of extract was administered orally daily for 8 weeks. Fasting glucose and body weight were monitored throughout the experiment. At the end of the study, serum parameters, histological examinations and gene expression pattern were analyzed. There was a significant reduction in fasting glucose levels, body weight and triglycerides. Improvement in the glucose tolerance and amelioration of insulin resistance was observed as revealed by reduction in serum IL6, serum oxidised LDL, histological sections of liver and subcutaneous adipose. Gene expression studies demonstrated the anti-inflammatory activity of the extract by down regulating IL6, PAI1 and ApoB gene expression as compared to the untreated HFD control. Our results demonstrate for the first time that oral administration of methanolic extract of MU in DIO mice leads to reduction in hyperglycemia, body weight, triglycerides and ameliorates insulin resistance. Further, mechanism of action of the extract needs to be investigated by purifying the extract and analyzing the active ingredient playing the major role.

Screening of Anticancer Activity of Selected Medicinal Plants Indigenous to Western Ghats: Argyreia nervosa, Memecylon malabaricum and Memecylon umbellatum

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the in vitro anticancer potential of selected medicinal plants; leaves (ANL) and seeds (ANS) of Argyreia nervosa, Memecylon malabaricum (MML), and Memecylon umbellatum (MUL) in colon cancer cells. In addition, the extracts were tested for their selectivity towards cancer cells as compared to normal cells. The cell growth inhibition was tested by sulforhodamine assay in both cancer and normal cells at various concentrations. The extracts exhibited dose-dependent cytotoxicity in both cells with varying indices of selectivity. Among the tested extracts, MUL was found to exhibit the highest cytotoxicity in HCT-116 cells with an IC50 of 276.63±11.75 �g/mL followed by ANL, MML, and ANS. The selectivity was also found to be most favorable in MUL. MUL also demonstrated apoptosis, the preferred mode of cell death for anticancer agents in HCT-116 by acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) staining. Taken together, our results demonstrate that Memecylon umbellatum can act as a lead for the development of potential anticancer agents with selectivity towards cancer cells.

Identification and characterization of Memecylon species using isozyme profiling

Background:The protein/isozyme fingerprint is useful in differentiating the species and acts as a biochemical marker for identification and systematic studies of medicinal plant species.Objective:In the present study, protein and isozyme profiles for peroxidase, esterase, acid phosphatase, polyphenol oxidase, alcohol dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase of five species of Memecylon (Melastomataceae), Memecylon umbellatum, Memecylon edule, Memecylon talbotianum, Memecylon malabaricum, and Memecylon wightii were investigated.Materials and Methods:Fresh leaves were used to prepare crude enzyme extract for analyzing the five enzymes isozyme variations. Separation of isozymes was carried out using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and the banding patterns of protein were scored. Pair-wise comparisons of genotypes, based on the presence or absence of unique and shared polymorphic products, were used to regenerate similarity coefficients. The similarity coefficients were then used to construct dendrograms, using the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic averages.Results:A total of 50 bands with various Rf values and molecular weight were obtained through PAGE analysis. Among the five Memecylon species, more number of bands was produced in M. wightii and less number of bands was observed in M. edule. The results of similarity indices grouped M. malabaricum and M. wightii in one cluster with 98% similarity and M. umbellatum, M. edule, and M. talbotianum are grouped in another cluster with 79% similarity showing close genetic similarities which is in accordance with the morphological identification of Memecylon species.Conclusion:The protein/isozyme fingerprint is useful in differentiating the species and acts as a biochemical marker for identification of Memecylon species.SUMMARY Biochemical characterization of Memecylon species was evaluated by SDS-PAGE of extracted protein and isozyme profiling on native PAGE.After electrophoresis, each gel was stained with specific stains. Genetic distance relationships were evaluated based on the banding patterns of protein on isozymes.Unique banding pattern of esterase, peroxidase, acid phosphatase, alcohol dehydrogenase and polyphenol oxidase are observed in all the five species of Memecylon, which represent the fingerprint of Memecylon species.SDS-PAGE and isozyme profiling of five Memecylon species revealed that M. malabaricum and M. wightii grouped in one cluster and M. umbellatum, M. edule and M. talbotianum grouped in another cluster showing close genetic similarities which is in accordance with the morphological identification of Memecylon species.This is the first report on the comparison of protein and isozyme profile of five different Memecylon species. Abbreviations Used: SDS-PAGE: Sodium docecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; NTSYS PC2: Numerical taxonomy system, version 2.2 for Windows XP, Vista, Win7, Win 8 and Win10 including 64 bit

An Overview of Naturally Synthesized Metallic Nanoparticles

Phytochemical screening and Antimicrobial activity of the leaves of Memecylon umbellatum burm. F.Subban Murugesan, Annamalai Pannerselvam, Arumugame Chanemougame Tangavelou

Synthesis and characterization of cobalt ferrites nanoparticles with cytotoxic and antimicrobial properties

Phytochemical screening and Antimicrobial activity of the leaves of Memecylon umbellatum burm. F.Subban Murugesan, Annamalai Pannerselvam, Arumugame Chanemougame Tangavelou

Phytotherapeutic practices of a folk medicinal practitioner in Dinajpur district, Bangladesh

Phytochemical screening and Antimicrobial activity of the leaves of Memecylon umbellatum burm. F.Subban Murugesan, Annamalai Pannerselvam, Arumugame Chanemougame Tangavelou

<i>In vitro </i>Anthelmintic Activity of Different Extracts of <i>Memecylon umbellatum</i>Burm.

In the present study, the possible anthelminitic effects of different extracts (petroleumether, chloroform, and ethanol) and two isolated compounds β-stigmasterol (PI) andSitosterol (PII) from the leaves of Memecylon umbellatum on Indian earthwormsPheretima Posthuma was investigated by in vitro experiments. Various concentrations(25, 50, 100mg/ml) of all extracts were tested and results were expressed in terms oftime for paralysis and time for death of worms. From the activity results it was found thatthe ethanolic extract and pure compound PI having the equipotent activity with standarddrug albendazole. Form the observations made higher concentration of extract producedparalytic effect much earlier and the time to death was shorter for all worms.

Identification and genetic diversity analysis of Memecylon species using ISSR, RAPD and Gene-based DNA barcoding tools

Background : Memecylon species are commonly used in Indian ethnomedical practices. The accurate identification is vital to enhance the drug's efficacy and biosafety. In the present study, PCR based techniques like RAPD, ISSR and DNA barcoding regions, such as 5s, psb A -trn H, rpo C1, ndh and atp F -atp H, were used to authenticate and analyze the diversity of five Memecylon species collected from Western Ghats of India. Results: Phylogenetic analysis clearly distinguished Memecylon malabaricum from Memecylon wightii and Memecylon umbellatum from Memecylon edule and clades formed are in accordance with morphological keys. In the RAPD and ISSR analyses, 27 accessions representing five Memecylon species were distinctly separated into three different clades. M. malabaricum and M. wightii grouped together and M. umbellatum , M. edule and Memecylon talbotianum grouped in the same clade with high Jaccard dissimilarity coefficient and bootstrap support between each node, indicating that these grouped species are phylogenetically similar. Conclusion: Data from the present study reveals that chloroplast psb A -trn H region could be used as a potential candidate region for identifying Memecylon species, and ISSR marker system could be used for estimating genetic diversity since it has high percent polymorphism compared to RAPD marker. Normal 0 21 false false false EN-IN X-NONE X-NONE st1\:*{behavior:url(#ieooui) } /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:Tabla normal; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-ansi-language:EN-IN; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}

Antimicrobial activity of Korean camellia mistletoe (Korthalsella japonica (Thunb.) Engl.) extracts

Phytochemical screening and Antimicrobial activity of the leaves of Memecylon umbellatum burm. F.Subban Murugesan, Annamalai Pannerselvam, Arumugame Chanemougame Tangavelou

Occurrence of Vivipary in Memecylon umbellatum Burm.

Seeds germination within fruit in angiospermic plant is known as vivipary. The present study focuses on the occurrence of vivipary in Memecylon umbellatum and reports that vivipary in M. umbellatum is due to heavy moisture accumulated during heavy rainfall.

Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activity Analysis of Some Medicinal Plants of Bangladesh

The antimicrobial potential of eight selected medicinal plants was evaluated against medically important thirteen pathogenic bacteria and three pathogenic fungi by using disc diffusion method. Moreover, the free radical scavenging activity was investigated for the development of anti-aging ingredient as a raw product for the cosmetic and other industries. Petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, methanol, butanol, n-hexane water extracts of medicinal plants were used for antimicrobial and anti-oxidant investigation. The rapid evaluation of antioxidant activity of different crude extracts of Pouzolzia zeylanica, Equisetum debile, Memecylon umbellatum, Datura metel, Cauroupeta guianensis, Andrographis paniculata were determined by using DPPH free radical method. The microbial inhibition zone ranged from 7-15 mm for different extracts of Andrographis paniculata where ethyl acetate extract showed highest microbial inhibition. The petroleum ether extract of D. metel gave 9-10 mm microbial inhibition except Pseudomonas aureus. Aloe vera gave 7-9 mm inhibition against microorganism by ethyl acetate extract. The methanol extract of A. paniculata showed inhibition only against two gram-positive and five gram-negative bacteria. The methanol extract of P. zeylanica, M. umbellatum and butanol (n-BuOH) extract of A. vasica also showed different range of antimicrobial activity. The N-hexane extract of A. vera and A. vasica and methanol extract of Equisetum debile did not show any antimicrobial activity. These extracts resulted in a rapid increase and decrease of the absorbance and showed different hydrogen-donating capacity towards the 2, 2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical. A lot of differences found and showing anti-oxidant activity of different solvent extracts of different plant species. Among the species, ethyl acetate extract of E. debile, M. umbellatum, methanol extract of M. umbellatum, C. guianensis and n-BuOH extract of M. umbellatum, C. guianensis showed the maximum scavenging capacity of over 80.

A case of extensive congregation of Man-faced Stink Bug Catacanthus incarnatus (Drury) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) together with new host records from western Maharashtra, India

A study was conducted on the congregation of Stink Bug Catacanthus incarnatus. For the first time this bug was reported at high altitude i.e., 792m. The study reports the congregation of C. incarnatus on four new host plant species viz., Ixora brachiata, Memecylon umbellatum, Glochidion ellipticum and Olea dioica. More infestation was observed on I. brachiata. Â

Synthesis, molecular docking and QSAR studies of 2, 4-disubstituted thiazoles as antimicrobial agents

Phytochemical screening and Antimicrobial activity of the leaves of Memecylon umbellatum burm. F.Subban Murugesan, Annamalai Pannerselvam, Arumugame Chanemougame Tangavelou

Phytochemical, Pharmacognostic and Microscopic Analyses of the Leaves of Clerodendrum polycephalum Baker

Phytochemical screening and Antimicrobial activity of the leaves of Memecylon umbellatum burm. F.Subban Murugesan, Annamalai Pannerselvam, Arumugame Chanemougame Tangavelou

Antimicrobial Activity of Some Flowers of Eastern Ghats, Tamil Nadu, India

The bioactive compounds from the different parts of medicinal plants have shown many pharmacological activities but the screening for microbial activity from flower is very scanty, the purpose of the study is to discover the therapeutic ability of the flowers of ten ethnomedicinal plants found in the southern Eastern Ghats of Tamil Nadu with a destination of providing cheaper nature-based alternative medicine. Flower extracts of ethnomedicinal plants, Abutilon indicum (L). Sweet, Calotropis gigantea (L.) W.T. Aiton, C. procera (Aiton), Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don., Martynia annua L., Memecylon umbellatum Burm.f., Ocimum tenuiflorum L. Ophiorrhiza mungos Linn., Scilla indica Baker. and Tecoma stans (L.) Kunth. were examined using agar well diffusion method against the human pathogens, Bacillus subtilis, Candida albicans, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Stephylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans. Flowers were extracted using 80% ethanol, phytochemical screening of these flowers were performed for constituents like, Carbohydrates, tannin, steroids, terpenoids, saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, essential/volatile oil and glycosides. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of selected three flower extracts against the pathogens also tested in contingent. From these finding revealed the medicinal potential of these flowers to cure the various infectious diseases. Compare to reference antibiotics, the spectrum of antimicrobial activity of flower extracts also found be clearly superior. The broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity of Martynia annua, Memecylon umbellatum and Calotropis gigantea may help to discover new chemical classes of antibiotics substances.

Phytochemical screening and In Vitro Antioxidant potential of Memecylon umbellatum Burm leaf extracts

Objective: Different dry extracts of Memecylon umbellatum Burm leaf obtained by various solvents such as petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone, methanol and chloroform water (IP) was screened to reap the benefits of its antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties using ascorbic acid as standard antioxidants. Methods: The in vitro free radical scavenging activity was evaluated using diphenyl picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical method using various concentrations of dry extract in distilled water (1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 20 μg/ml) against blank with ascorbic acid as a standard in same concentrations. Results: Among the all extracts, Methanol leaf extract has showed higher Antioxidant activity (84.65 ± 0.064 %) having IC50 Value 11.81 ± 0.033 μg/ml at 20 μg/ml. While, IC50 value for ascorbic acid was found to be 8.91 ± 0.084 μg/ml. Conclusion: The results clearly indicate that Methanol leaf extract of Memecylon umbellatum is effective in free radical scavenging. So in future, this may emerge as promising natural herbal source of powerful antioxidant. Keywords: Memecylon umbellatum, DPPH reagent, Antioxidant activity, Ascorbic acid, IC50.

Anti-inflammatory and Antioxidant Activities of Memecylon umbellatum.Burm.f Leaf Extract under Invitro

This study has been conducted in order to investigate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potentials of Memecylon umbellatum leaf extract under in-vitro. The antioxidative potential of different solvent extracts of Memecylon umbellatum leaves were evaluated using 1,1-Diphenyl 2-Picryl Hydroxyl (DPPH),Hydroxyl radical, reducing ability the BHT was used as standard, Nitric oxide, chelating activity and lipid peroxidation inhibition assay, among those solvent extracts methanol extract of Memecylon umbellatum exhibit highest level of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Ascorbic acid BHT and EDTA were used as standard and positive control for analysis of antioxidant. All analysis was made with the use of UV-visible spectrophotometer. The methanol extract of leaves of Memecylon umbellatum shows very significant antioxidant and total phenol content. Hence, the study reveals that Memecylon umbellatum leaves showed significant antioxidant activity.

The medicinal value of Memecylon umbellatum leaf extract

BackgroundReactive oxygen species play important roles in cell signaling and homeostasis which can induce a chain of reactions such as DNA damage, lipid peroxidation, and oxidation of amino acids in proteins. Although many synthetic antioxidants are currently in use, the natural compounds from plant origin are of great interest. In this study, we have analyzed the extracts of Memecylon umbellatum for its phytochemical constituents and in vitro pharmacological activities. M. umbellatum is a small shrub found in the Western Ghat region of India which is being used extensively for the treatment of variety of diseases. MethodsThe extracts were prepared by continuous Soxhlet extraction using petroleum ether, chloroform and methanol. The concentrated extracts were assayed for phytochemical constituents and measured their antioxidant, antibacterial and antifungal activity. Results and discussionThe phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of significant levels of terpenoids, flavonoids, tannins and moderate amount of phenols and glycosides. The methanolic and chloroform extract showed good antioxidant property that is comparable to the standard. The crude methanolic extract also showed very good radical scavenging activity as compared to the standard. Further, as compared to other extracts, only the methanolic extract showed good antibacterial and moderate antifungal activity. ConclusionsAlthough the results of this study suggest the usefulness of M. umbellatum in the treatment of various diseases, in depth studies are needed to substantiate this. The isolation of individual active components from the extract and their detailed analysis should reveal the exact structure – function relationship.

One-step green synthesis and characterization of leaf extract-mediated biocompatible silver and gold nanoparticles from Memecylon umbellatum.

In this experiment, green-synthesized silver and gold nanoparticles were produced rapidly by treating silver and gold ions with an extract of Memecylon umbellatum leaf. The reaction process was simple and easy to handle, and was monitored using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. The effect of the phytochemicals present in M. umbellatum, including saponins, phenolic compounds, phytosterols, and quinones, on formation of stable silver and gold nanoparticles was investigated by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The morphology and crystalline phase of the nanoparticles were determined by transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. The results indicate that the saponins, phytosterols, and phenolic compounds present in the plant extract play a major role in formation of silver and gold nanoparticles in their respective ions in solution. The characteristics of the nanoparticles formed suggest application of silver and gold nanoparticles as chemical sensors in the future. Given the simple and eco-friendly approach for synthesis, these nanoparticles could easily be commercialized for large-scale production.