Hybrid Membranes Research Articles

In situ self-reassembling nanosystem enhances PD-L1 blockade for cancer immunotherapy

Although immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have made great progress in cancer treatment, their off-tumor distribution, low affinity of traditional ICIs and insufficient T cells infiltration at tumor site limit immunotherapeutic efficacy. Herein, we engineer a highly specific and effective PD-L1 inhibitor (PEC) that modulates the level of binding sites with PD-L1. Specifically, PEC is a hybrid system composed of E. coli membrane expressing PD-L1 binding protein and cancer cell membrane. Notably, PEC can target the tumor site, produce oxygen in response to H2O2, rupture into membrane fragments, and reassemble to form vesicles retaining the PD-L1 binding protein. Through in situ fracture and reassembly, PEC transforms from a hybrid membrane to a single E. coli membrane, leading to the increased density of PD-L1 binding protein. Consequently, the reassembled vesicles can bind to more PD-L1 on tumor cells and induce its degradation in lysosomes. Furthermore, the cGAS-STING signaling activators HZD is encapsulated into PEC to promote T cells infiltration. We demonstrate that PEC@HZD achieves sequential T cells recruitment and functional enhancement, thus stimulating a powerful antitumor immune response. This work provides a new perspective on tailoring ICIs to improve cancer immunotherapy.

Development of novel, efficient, and environmentally friendly degradable Fe3O4@CNTs/PLA membranes, and recovery of inorganic particles

Conventional organic membranes are difficult to recycle and degrade after use, which brings a burden to the environment. Modified particles have a significant impact in improving membrane performance, but if not handled properly, it may also have a negative impact on the environment. To address the above problems, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is firstly coated by Fe3O4, and then hybridized with polylactic acid (PLA) to prepare novel degradable Fe3O4@CNTs/PLA membranes under the assistance of magnetic field. The structure and properties of PLA membrane are effectively improved by regulating the content of Fe3O4@CNTs and their distribution in PLA membrane. The porosity and pore size increases, and the contact angle decreases from 77.2° to 65.1°. The pure water permeability demonstrates an increase from 127.5 L/m2/h/bar to 250.8 L/m2/h/bar, and the bovine serum albumin rejection are all kept above 85.0 %. Moreover, the flux recovery rate increases from 85.3 % to 94.2 %, and the anti-fouling property is improved. In addition, the performance of Fe3O4@CNTs/PLA membrane is relatively stable during service. After use, the PLA in the hybrid membrane can be degraded by protease, while the Fe3O4@CNTs particles can be recycled by magnet attraction and reused afterward. This research offers a viable approach for the development of novel, efficient and environmentally friendly degradable membranes, as well as introduces a new idea for the recovery and reuse of nanoparticles.

Three-dimensionally assembled polyelectrolyte multilayers-functionalized silica nanowire membrane for highly-efficient adsorptive separation of copper ions from water

High-performance materials for heavy metal ion removal are highly demanded in environmental treatment. Membrane adsorption has the advantages of being easy to operate and avoiding secondary pollution. It remains challenging to prepare adsorption membranes with both high removal rate and high permeability. Here, we present a novel strategy for preparing poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and polyethyleneimine (PEI) multilayer-assembled silica nanowires (SiO2 NWs) membrane with abundant, multiple functional groups on a highly porous network for Cu(II) capture. The SiO2 NWs in the hybrid membranes serve as a rigid 3D framework to improve membrane porosity and water flux, while the polyelectrolyte multilayers assembled on the SiO2 NWs provide abundant, highly accessible adsorption sites for Cu(II) uptake. The adsorption capacity of the membranes can be tuned by changing the dosage of the assembled SiO2 NWs and the PAA/PEI pair layers. The maximum adsorption capacity of the active polyelectrolyte layer for SiO2 NWs@(PAA/PEI)4 composite membrane was 272.5 mg/g toward Cu(II), outperforming the counterpart (PAA/PEI)4 membrane (97.5 mg/g) after removal of the SiO2 NWs framework. The hybrid membrane shows excellent adsorption performance for the removal of low concentrations of Cu(II) in a dynamic adsorption mode, and the removal rate is maintained at above 90% after eight recycles.

Development of a Negatively Charged Polyether Sulfone Membrane Enriched with MIL-101(Cr)-Modified Magnetic Activated Pyrolytic Coke for Enhanced Dye Removal, Permeability, and Antifouling Properties

Developing high-performance nanofiltration membranes for effectively treating wastewater contaminated with organic pollutants has become increasingly important. Given the hazardous nature of these contaminants, proper treatment of wastewater is crucial before it is released into natural water bodies. This study synthesized a novel composite membrane by incorporating Fe3O4@APC@MIL-101(Cr) nanocomposites into a polyether sulfone (PES) matrix using a phase inversion technique. The inclusion of 0.5wt.% Fe3O4@APC@MIL-101(Cr) significantly enhanced the membrane's hydrophilicity, porosity, and surface characteristics. The optimized membrane achieved an impressive pure water flux (PWF) of 90.24L/m²h, reflecting a 400% improvement over pristine PES membranes. Moreover, it exhibited excellent rejection rates of 97.21% for crystal violet (CV) and 99.43% for methylene blue (MB), alongside a rejection efficiency of 57.73% for the anionic dye methyl orange (MO). The antifouling performance was notably improved, as evidenced by an increase in the flux recovery ratio (FRR) from 46% for bare PES membranes to 81.11% for hybrid membranes. Additionally, the effects of various salt types on the membrane's separation performance were investigated. The Fe3O4@APC@MIL-101(Cr) modified PES membranes demonstrate significant potential as effective candidates for treating wastewater contaminated with dye pollutants.

Formation of Hybrid Membranes for Water Desalination by the Method of Membrane Distillation

A method has been developed for the formation of hybrid membranes consisting of a hydrophilic microporous substrate and a hydrophobic nanofiber polymer layer deposited by electroforming. A track-etched membrane made of polyethylene terephthalate was used as a hydrophilic microporous substrate, on the surface of which a thin layer of titanium was applied by magnetron sputtering to ensure adhesion of the nanofiber layer. Simultaneously, the titanium coating was used to make a conductive track-etched membrane that served as a collector electrode. It is been shown that the application of this method for the formation of polymer coatings when used as a starting material for the formation of polyvinylidene fluoride nanofibers makes it possible to obtain a layer with highly hydrophobic properties, the water contact angle of the surface of which, depending on the deposition density, averages 143.3 ± 1.3°. A study of the morphology of the nanofiber coating shows that it has a microstructure typical of non-woven materials. The nanofibers forming the porous system of this layer have a wide range in size. The study of the molecular structure of the nanofiber layer by IR-Fourier spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis showed that its structure is dominated by the β-phase, which is characterized by a maximum dipole moment. It is been shown that the hybrid membranes of the developed sample provide high separation selectivity when desalting an aqueous solution of sodium chloride with a concentration of 26.5 g/l by membrane distillation. The salt rejection coefficient for membranes with a nanofiber layer density from 20.7 ± 0.2 to 27.6 ± 0.2 g/m2 in the studied mode of the membrane distillation process is 99.97−99.98%. It has been established that the use of a highly hydrophobic nanofiber layer with a developed pore structure in combination with a hydrophilic microporous base makes it possible to increase the productivity of the membrane distillation process. The value of the maximum condensate flow through the membranes is on average 7.0 kg m2/h and its depends on the density of the deposited nanofiber layer.

Immobilization of Erythrosine Dye in Polysiloxane to Fabricate a Cost-effective Renewable Antibiotic Film through Visible Light-induced Singlet Oxygen Generation

The advanced oxidation process (AOP) is the most effective strategy to remove volatile organic compounds that are considered to be one of the main pollutants adversely affecting the environment and human health. While metal-based semiconductors are widely considered as promising photocatalysts to remove pollutants through AOP systems, their low light absorption efficiency and poor processibility remain major issues to be utilized for a sustainable AOP system with low energy consumption. However, the organic dye, erythrosine, which can generate singlet oxygens by absorbing visible light, is considered an excellent substitute for metal-based photocatalysts for cheap renewable AOP systems. Accordingly, we here demonstrate a new hybrid membrane, wherein erythrosine molecules are embedded into films of polydimethylsiloxane. The polymeric networks therefore play an important role in enhancing the thermal stability and light absorption efficiency of dye molecules upon hybridization. In addition, the foamed structures of films to enhance their porosity and oxygen permeability are introduced via the fast evaporation of ethanol. As a result, the photocatalytic performance of dyes is significantly reinforced as the porosity of the membrane increases, which is proven by analyzing the degradation efficiency of 1,3–diphenylisobenzofuran with the presence of foamed and hybridized films. The photocatalytic ability of the formed hybrid films was well regenerated in three repeated recycles. Moreover, an optical parametric oscillator (OPO) laser system was used to successfully demonstrate that the singlet oxygen generated from the optimized hybrid film was well diffused into the surface of polymer matrix. Accordingly, the film could effectively sterilize S. aureus and E. coli in an aqueous solution. Therefore, this study suggests that the hybridization of polymer and dye without chemical modification can be an effective strategy to fabricate cheap and reusable porous membranes for a practical environment purification system.

Outer Membrane Vesicle-Cancer Hybrid Membrane Coating Indocyanine Green Nanoparticles for Enhancing Photothermal Therapy Efficacy in Tumors.

Cell membrane-coated nanomaterials are increasingly recognized as effective in cancer treatment due to their unique benefits. This study introduces a novel hybrid membrane coating nanoparticle, termed cancer cell membrane (CCM)-outer membrane vesicle (OMV)@Lip-indocyanine green (ICG), which combines CCMs with bacterial OMV to encapsulate ICG-loaded liposomes. Comprehensive analyses were conducted to assess its physical and chemical properties as well as its functionality. Demonstrating targeted delivery capabilities and good biocompatibility, CCM-OMV@Lip-ICG nanoparticles showed promising photothermal and immunotherapeutic effects in tumor models. By inducing hyperthermia-induced tumor therapy and bolstering antitumor immunity, CCM-OMV@Lip-ICG nanoparticles exhibit a synergistic therapeutic effect, providing a new perspective for the management of cancer.

N2 selective membrane based hybrid cryogenic carbon capture process for coal-fired power plants: A techno-economic case study

Recent advances in N2-selective membranes have led to significant breakthroughs, enabling them to outperform the previous generations by a substantial margin. A hybrid membrane cryogenic (HMC) process may represent a promising synergy between membrane separation and cryogenic technology, providing an efficient solution for CO2 capture by minimizing costs and energy consumption. This study presents a newly designed N2 selective HMC process for post-combustion carbon capture and compares its performance to a multi-stage CO2-selective HMC process and a low-temperature membrane cryogenic (LTMC) process. The HMC processes involve energy recovery systems (ERS), exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), and multi-stream cryogenic heat exchangers. Results demonstrate that the N2-selective HMC process achieves a 90 % CO2 recovery rate and 95 % CO2 purity, with significantly lower membrane area requirements and capture costs compared to the other two processes. Remarkably, the capture cost and energy consumption for the N2-selective HMC process are $23.36/tCO2 and 1.342 GJ/tCO2, respectively, highlighting the economic and environmental benefits of this approach. This research also underscores the importance of developing membranes with high N2/CO2 selectivity, rather than focusing solely on high N2 permeance, critical for optimizing HMC processes for CO2 capture.

All-wood-based hybrid membrane derived from waste sawdust for efficient emulsion separation

Oriented toward the demand for safe and sustainable oily wastewater separation, biomass-based composite membranes have received widespread attention due to the advantaged properties of green biodegradability, multifunctionality and easy modification, offering great application potentials in wastewater treatment. However, present studies still need to be done to enhance separation efficiency and to address the potential environmental risks from synthetic nanomaterials in biomass-based composite membranes. Herein, this work presented an “split and reorganization” strategy to prepare an all-biomass-based hybrid membrane for efficient emulsion separation using waste sawdust as raw materials, inspired by whole wheat bread. In this strategy, wood cellulose was extracted from waste sawdust via alkali elutriation, and lignin microparticles were prepared by hydrothermal process using black liquor formed from the extracting process of wood cellulose. Then, the all-wood-based hybrid membrane with super-wettability was fabricated for emulsion separation via vacuum-filtration of wood cellulose and lignin microparticles suspension. The lignin microparticles were uniformly distributed inside the all-wood-based hybrid membrane, which enhanced the surface roughness and endowed exceptional superhydrophilic/underwater super-oleophobic properties of the membrane. The obtained hybrid membrane exhibited superhydrophilicity with a water contact angle of 0° and underwater superoleophobicity with an oil contact angle of 140°. It can effectively separate oil-in-water emulsions with permeances up to 6673 L·m−2·h−1 and high separation efficiency of greater than 98.8 %. More importantly, all-wood-based hybrid membrane demonstrated excellent demulsification and cycle ability after 10 cycles, which match well with the requirements for industrial oily wastewater. This study shows that the developed all-wood-based hybrid membrane and corresponding design strategy can be extended for preparing other biomass-based materials for applications in research and industrial fields.

Layered Bio-Inorganic MXene Membranes: A Green Approach for Uranium Extraction from Seawater Using Genetically Modified E. coli.

With the growing demand for clean energy, efficient uranium extraction technologies are needed, especially from seawater, where uranium reserves are huge. Here, we developed a composite membrane by inserting Escherichia coli engineered with super uranyl-binding protein (SUP) within a two-dimensional (2D) MXene (Ti3C2Tx) layer. SUP endowed the bioinorganic hybrid membrane with ultrahigh selectivity for uranyl ions, while the engineered E. coli improved the mechanical strength and economy of the membranes. Experimental results showed that the membranes achieved precise recognition of uranyl ions and excellent ion screening performance (SFU/V ≈ 43, SFNa/U ≈ 158). Excellent separation performance and cyclic stability tests demonstrated the industrial application potential of the membrane. This method offers a green and sustainable solution, combining biological engineering and nanomaterial innovation, providing an environmentally friendly and efficient approach for uranium extraction from seawater, marking a significant advancement in the field of clean energy resource development.

Exploring robustness of hybrid membranes under high hydrostatic pressure and temperature.

Bacterial membranes are typically composed of ester-bonded fatty acid (FA), while archaeal membranes consist of ether-bonded isoprenoids, differentiation referred to as the 'lipid divide'. Some exceptions to this rule are bacteria harboring ether-bonded membrane lipids. Previous research engineered the bacterium Escherichia coli to synthesize archaeal isoprenoid-based ether-bonded lipids together with the bacterial FA ester-linked lipids, showing that heterochiral membranes are stable and more robust to temperature, cold shock, and solvents. However, the impact of ether-bonded lipids, either bacterial or archaeal, on membrane robustness, remains unclear. Here, we investigated the robustness, as survival after shock, of E. coli synthesizing either archaeal or bacterial ether-bonded membrane lipids, under high temperature and/or high hydrostatic pressure (HHP). Our findings reveal E. coli with bacterial ether-bonded lipids is more robust under HHP and high temperature. On the contrary, the presence of archaeal ether-bonded membrane lipids in E. coli does not affect the robustness under HHP nor high temperature under the tested conditions. We observed morphological changes induced by the shock treatments including reduced length under high temperature or HHP, and the presence of elongated cells after a shock of HHP and high temperature combined, suggesting the combined treatments impaired cell division. Our results contribute to a deeper understanding of membrane adaptation to extreme environmental conditions and highlight the significance of HHP as a key parameter to investigate the differentiation of membranes during the lipid divide.

Improving membrane fouling via high phyllosilicate properties of ZnO-Kaolin in pilot-scale hybrid membrane photocatalytic reactor (MPR) for superior river water treatment

A study evaluated a pilot-scale hybrid membrane photocatalytic reactor (MPR) using ZnO-Kaolin to treat polluted river water. ZnO-Kaolin was successfully synthesised and characterised using various methods, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). XRD and FTIR analyses verified the purity of ZnO-Kaolin, showing no impurities, while FESEM revealed ZnO nanoparticle growth on kaolin surfaces. Additionally, the ZnO-Kaolin band gap was shifted, demonstrating enhancement of photo-degradation efficiency. Optimisation identified pH 5 as the most effective condition for treating the polluted Sembrong River via pilot-scale hybrid MPR integrated with ZnO-Kaolin, achieving significant removal of ammoniacal nitrogen (85.71 %), chemical oxygen demand (91.53 %), biochemical oxygen demand (84.93 %), and suspended solids (99 %). This innovative system also regulated water quality parameters, enhancing pH to 6 and dissolved oxygen to 6.3 mg/L while minimising membrane fouling. This innovative approach has promising potential for commercial-scale water pollution control.

Genetic screening of α-thalassemia fusion gene using routine flow-through hybridization.

The fusion gene is a rare form of α-thalassemia. Patients carrying the fusion gene could be misdiagnosed as normal or -α4.2deletion by the conventional thalassemia detection methods. The aim of this study was to present the detection of fusion genes using routine flow-through hybridization, as well as to analyze hematological and molecular characteristics. Samples were collected at our hospital from January 2019 to January 2024. Common thalassemia mutations in the Chinese population were conducted by flow-through hybridization. Samples showing faint coloration at the -α4.2 mutation site on hybridization membrane were considered suspicious. Samples detected as suspicious for -α4.2deletion were rechecked by conventional Gap-PCR. Those samples suspected of having -α4.2deletions were finally confirmed with specific primers for Gap-PCR and Sanger sequencing. Of the 32,083 samples, 25 samples (0.08%) were detected as suspected of having -α4.2 deletion by flow-through hybridization. However, upon reevaluation wtih conventional Gap-PCR reagents capable of detecting -α4.2 deletion, all were found to be negative for the deletion. Specific primers for Gap-PCR were designed, and fusion gene fragments were amplified. DNA sequencing of the HBA gene showed a 7-base mutation corresponding to the α-thalassemia fusion gene. Among the 25 samples, 22 were heterozygous carriers. Three samples were combined: one with Hb QS, one with β-thalassemia, and one with Hb G-Honolulu.Most hematological indices and capillary electrophoresis results were in the normal reference range. The fusion gene was present in 0.08% of the population in the Guangzhou region of Guangdong province, southern China. Conventional genetic methods tend to misdiagnose the fusion gene but can be effectively screened with flow-through hybridization.

Recent Advances in High-Performance Membrane Materials for Fuel Cells

Fuel cells have emerged as a key technology for clean energy production, with proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells being one of the most promising types due to their high efficiency and low emissions. A critical component of PEM fuel cells is the membrane, which plays a crucial role in ion transport and overall system performance. Recent advances in membrane materials have focused on improving proton conductivity, chemical stability, and durability while reducing production costs. This review discusses recent developments in high-performance membrane materials, including polymer blends, hybrid membranes, and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). These innovative materials have shown significant potential in overcoming the limitations of traditional membranes like Nafion®. Advances in acid-base membranes, such as polybenzimidazole (PBI)-based systems, have demonstrated improvements in high-temperature performance. Enhanced cross-linking techniques, the use of antioxidant additives, and nanofillers have further contributed to improved membrane durability. Despite these advancements, challenges remain in scaling up production and reducing costs. Future research must focus on addressing these issues to enable the widespread commercial use of fuel cells. The progress in membrane material technology is critical to realizing the potential of fuel cells as a viable solution for sustainable energy.

Application of Hybrid Conventional Filter and PVDF-TiO<sub>2</sub>/SBE Hollow Fibre Membrane for Peat Water Treatment

South Kalimantan-Indonesia is known to have extensive peatlands reaching 15% of a total peatland in Kalimantan. Due to that peat land water is mostly found and claim as abundant water sources. However, based on quality, peat land water has poor characteristic with high natural organic matter content. Therefore, peat water treatment is necessary to treat using effective method such as hybrid conventional filter and membrane using hollow fibre PVDF-TiO2/SBE. This study aims to investigate the variation of media filter thickness and filtration pressure of hollow fibre (HF) PVDF-TiO2/SBE membrane peat water treatment by filtration pre-treatment and HF membrane ultrafiltration. HF PVDF-TiO2/SBE membrane was prepared by wet spinning method using spinneret set up. Hybrid process was divided into two steps: 1) conventional filter as pre-treatment and 2) HF ultrafiltration membrane under cross flow system. The filter media was used in this work is silica sand and activated carbon with varied thickness 30:10 and 10:30 cm. The HF membrane structure was analysed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to investigate the membrane morphology. The results show the fabricated HF membrane has a finger like-sponge sandwich structure morphology. In addition, 30:10 cm (silica sand: activated carbon) thickness exhibits TDS and turbidity removal of 92.18 and 61.37%, respectively as conventional filter pre-treatment. In other hand, HF membrane successfully removed TDS and turbidity of peat water up to 98.68% and 92.41% at 2 bar of filtration pressure. The highest permeate flux of HF membrane conducted of 13.055 Kg.m-2.h-1 at 3 bar. Conclusion of this work is the peat water treatment using activated carbon: silica filtration pre-treatment and HF membrane ultrafiltration can provide clean water with maximum turbidity and TDS removal.

Hybrid membrane process for nutrient recovery and sodium reduction in aquaculture wastewater

The swift growth of the aquaculture industry has exacerbated nutrient discharge, leading to eutrophication, while low nutrient but high sodium content impedes effective nutrient recovery and reuse. This study presents a novel hybrid membrane-based treatment sequence comprising ammonia stripping (AS), vacuum membrane distillation (VMD), and nanofiltration in diafiltration mode (NF), designed to efficiently recover ammonia and phosphate and reduce sodium from mixed aquaculture effluents. The process achieved ammonia and phosphate recovery efficiencies of 88.74 % and over 99 %, respectively, with a corresponding sodium reduction of 99.04 wt%. The AS stage concentrated ammonia from 20.37 mg/L to 2046.67 mg/L, whereas the subsequent VMD and NF stages produced phosphate-rich (rose from 10.33 mg/L to 50.50 mg/L) and sodium-reduced retentates (decreased from 510 mg/L to 44.50 mg/L). Long-term testing over eight consecutive batches showed robust performance with ammonia flux decline by only 2.81 %, permeate flux reduction by 4.30 %, and minimal inorganic fouling, maintaining consistent permeate quality that met environmental standards. These findings underline the proposed hybrid process's potential for sustainable aquaculture wastewater management, offering substantial enhancement in nutrient and water recycling.

Constructing organic-inorganic woven hybrid membrane for highly-selective catalytic conversion of lignin-based phenolic molecule to value-added products

Addressing the global need for sustainable chemical processes, this study introduces an innovative Woven Hybrid Membrane (WHM) specifically designed for the efficient oxidation of vanillyl alcohol (VAA) to vanillin (VLN). This transformation is crucial for converting lignocellulosic biomass into valuable chemical products, aligning with sustainable development goals. Utilizing a novel catalytic system that combines 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxyl (TMP) and copper on a unique mesh-like structure, the WHM enhances both the economic and environmental viability of the process. This design not only overcomes the limitations of powdered catalysts, which are challenging to recover and reuse, but also promotes high catalytic efficiency and selectivity. By employing oxygen as the oxidant, our system maintains near 100% selectivity for VLN, demonstrating high conversion rates across multiple cycles without significant degradation in performance. Advanced analytical techniques, including electrochemical analysis and Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (DRIFTS), were used to explore the catalyst's functionality and the reaction mechanism. The results confirm the stability and effectiveness of the WHM, showcasing its potential as a reusable, highly efficient, and environmentally friendly catalyst. This research represents a significant step forward in the field of sustainable industrial chemistry, offering a robust solution for the bio-refinery industry's push towards greener processes.

Exploration and application of treating OSCC by a precisely concentrated synergistic agent in combination with thermally responsive release of effective therapeutic dosages of cisplatin

Platinum-based drugs, foremost among them Cisplatin (CDDP), currently constitute the primary line of chemotherapy for the treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). However, the extensive utilization of these drugs often results in undesirable systemic toxic side effects. Consequently, in clinical practice, emphasis has shifted towards the adoption of combination drug strategies, aimed at minimizing the dosage of platinum-based drugs while preserving optimal anti-tumor efficacy. Prior research has concentrated on the co-loading of drugs with synergistic potential into a unified nanosystem, yet this approach does not guarantee that the drugs will remain within the concentration range necessary for synergistic effects following nanocarrier release, thus limiting the full exploitation of their synergistic anti-tumor properties. This study has pioneered the discovery that the HSP90 inhibitor 17AAG exhibits remarkable synergistic effects with CDDP in the treatment of OSCC. Importantly, 17AAG can allow CDDP to still exert effective tumor killing effects at lower concentrations. Furthermore, specific concentrations of 17AAG demonstrate synergistic effects with a wide range of CDDP concentrations, positioning it as a promising candidate for the sustained synergistic augmentation of CDDP released from nanocarriers. Additionally, we have augmented CDDP targeting through the employment of a hybrid membrane strategy, encapsulating CDDP and photosensitizers concurrently. This approach enhances CDDP’s targeting precision and enables responsive tracking and release. Notably, we have observed that altering the tumor cell membrane type significantly modifies the tumor targeting profile of the hybrid membrane, suggesting that cell membrane-modified nanocarriers have potential value in achieving personalized tumor therapy. In summary, we have formulated a novel CDDP-based targeted therapy strategy for OSCC, which holds promising implications for future treatment of this malignancy.

Synthesis of amyloid fibrils-PEI hybrid membrane for efficient removal of 99mTc from medical wastewater

Synthesis of amyloid fibrils-PEI hybrid membrane for efficient removal of 99mTc from medical wastewater

Hybrid membranes incorporating microencapsulated PCM for enhanced hygrothermal performance in enthalpy recovery ventilation systems

Advancements in building technologies are increasingly centered on improving energy efficiency, particularly within ventilation systems. Integrating Microencapsulated Phase Change Materials (MPCMs) into paper-based membranes enhances hygrothermal performance in enthalpy recovery ventilation systems. MPCMs, known for their latent heat storage capabilities, were incorporated at concentrations of 0 %, 5 %, 10 %, and 20 % by weight. The hybrid membranes exhibited a significant latent heat storage capacity, achieving up to 34.38 J/g at MPCM 20 wt% content. Although the latent heat decreased by approximately 10 % after 1000 cycles of extreme temperature fluctuations between 15 °C and 60 °C, the membranes still exhibited durability sufficient to endure a replacement cycle of over three years, maintaining their effectiveness in long-term applications. The addition of MPCMs also led to improvements in moisture resistance, with the moisture resistance coefficient increasing from 8.88 to 19.19 at MPCM 20 wt%, while still preserving sufficient moisture permeability for efficient enthalpy exchange. These improvements in thermal and hygrothermal properties underscore the potential of MPCM-integrated membranes to enhance energy efficiency and thermal comfort in HVAC systems, providing a sustainable solution for modern building designs. The findings suggest further exploration into optimizing MPCM content for varying climate conditions and assessing the long-term performance of these membranes in diverse practical applications.