Members Of Society Research Articles

Laughing ‘With’ vs. ‘At’: Exploring Emotional Bonds in Media Strategies

This study examines the role of laughter in media strategies. The aim is to distinguish between laughter shared ‘with’ the audience and laughter directed ‘at’ the audience. The research briefly traces the historical evolution of laughter from a repressed and morally criticised expression to a symbol of wealth and empowerment, a transformation facilitated by media diffusion. The subsequent analysis, based on the Portuguese context, seems to indicate a current tendency towards a more empathetic, lighter, and more visibly expressive form of laughter that transcends boundaries such as age, education, and social status, thus fostering a deeper connection with the audience. This study underlines the profound impact of laughter on audience engagement and highlights the central role of communal laughter—laughing ‘with’ the audience—in contemporary media communication. In conclusion, the findings suggest that a more empathetic and less critical approach to audience behaviour through laughter has the potential to attract larger audiences. Indirectly, this emerging trend may be indicative of a growing reluctance among members of contemporary society to tolerate ideas or perspectives contrary to their own.

Prevalence of video gaming disorder in Saudi Arabia: a school-based national study

BackgroundVideo gaming is a popular leisure activity among adolescents. Those who play excessively are in danger of educational and social drawbacks and may become addicted to video gaming. Several published studies determined the prevalence of GD among children in specific Saudi regions. However, the current study assessed the national prevalence of video gaming disorder (GD) and its risk factors among school students in Saudi Arabia.MethodsA school-based survey was conducted among adolescents in all regions of Saudi Arabia during the academic year 2021–2022. A multistage stratified cluster sampling technique was used to select the school students. An Arabic-validated version of the 9-item dichotomous (yes/no) GD Scale based on the DSM-5 criteria was used to determine GD prevalence among the students. The score ranged from zero to nine (0–9). Participants who scored five or more were deemed as having GD. Students who scored less than five were classified as normal gamers (score 0–1) or risky gamers (score 2–4).Results We recruited 5332 school students. Their mean age was 15.5 ± 1.7 years, and almost half of them were males (50.7%). According to the GD score, the prevalence of normal gamers was 39.08% (N = 1714), risky gamers 40.47% (N = 1775), and those with GD was, 20.45% (N = 897). Logistic regression was performed to determine the association between video gaming disorder and all the gathered variables, which include age, educational grade, sex, types of video gaming, and categories of video games played. The results showed that nationality, age, educational grade, sex, using only mobile devices to play, and playing puzzle and sports games were not associated with video gaming disorder. On the other hand, it was revealed that using tablets, game consoles, PCs; having multiple devices; and playing online, fighting, car racing, war, and adventure games were significantly linked to GD.ConclusionThe prevalence of GD was 20.45% among Saudi school students who play video games. Utilizing more than one type of gaming device and playing games in the fighting, war, and multiplayer categories via an online connection were significantly linked to having GD. To limit video gaming addiction, we encourage screening, diagnosing, and treating disordered video gamers early. In addition, governmental authorities and video game companies should discuss and revise numerous policy measures to minimize the accessibility of video games, limit the harms and risks related to them, and assist video gamers in becoming effective members of society.

Family presence during resuscitation: a survey of Japanese physicians’ views

Abstract Aim This study aimed to clarify physicians’ awareness of and attitudes toward family presence during resuscitation (FPDR) and related factors. Subject and methods A web-based questionnaire survey was conducted of 7859 physicians who were members of the Japanese Society of Intensive Care Medicine (survey period: October 12, 2022, to December 31, 2022). Focusing on cardiopulmonary arrest, the survey questioned their awareness and attitudes, with a comparison of exogenous and non-exogenous patients. Results The proportion of respondents who have family present during resuscitation was 100 (25.0%) for exogenous and 105 (29.2%) for non-exogenous. The proportion who believed that the family’s acceptance of death is greater with FPDR was 255 (61.7%) for exogenous and 245 (65.7%) for non-exogenous. The proportion who believed that the family’s acceptance of death is greater with FPDR included a significantly higher number of respondents who had family present than in the proportion who believed that FPDR has no effect. The proportion who believed that the family is emotionally traumatized by FPDR was 251 (60.8%) for exogenous and 217 (58.2%) for non-exogenous. The proportion who believed that families are emotionally traumatized by FPDR included a significantly higher number of respondents who do not have family present than the proportion who believed that FPDR has no effect. Conclusion Various international resuscitation guidelines have recommended FPDR from an early stage to alleviate grief and prevent mental disorders. However, these guidelines are not always followed in Japan.

Pemerataan Akses Pendidikan

Fair educational opportunities for all members of Indonesian society are the subject of this article. Improving educational equity requires a systemic approach, rather than focusing on a single area. All the way up to the calibre of the teachers, the state of the school system, and the curriculum in light of the changes brought about by the rise of industry 4.0. By taking a fair view of each region's circumstances, the government can work toward educational equality. In addition, local and state governments, as well as the federal government, must work together to achieve educational equality. Nowadays, in a democratic society, everyone has the right to an education. An adequate education is a fundamental human right, as stated in Article 146 of the Constitution of 1945 of the Republic of Indonesia.

Understanding nurses' perceptions of sexual health and function in people requiring haemodialysis.

Sexual dysfunction is common for adults receiving chronic haemodialysis; however, renal nurses seldom discuss this topic with patients. This study aimed to identify renal nurses' attitudes towards providing sexual healthcare and to determine their confidence in discussing sexual dysfunction with adults who are receiving haemodialysis. An online cross-sectional study. Renal nurses across Australia and New Zealand (n = 65) who were members of the Renal Society of Australasia provided direct care to adults receiving haemodialysis. Two questionnaires measuring (1) the frequency of sexual health discussions, levels of knowledge and competence, barriers to discussing sexual dysfunction and views on accountability (Van Ek survey) and (2) communication, practical knowledge, and attitude (sexual health educator for professionals scale) were used. Demographic characteristics were also collected. Most participants were females (60%) with postgraduate qualifications (61.4%). The average nephrology nursing experience was 13.10 ± 9.14 years. Most renal nurses identified as having positive attitudes (77.2%) about providing sexual healthcare and were confident in communicating with patients about sexual concerns (42.9%), although many nurses (64.35%) rarely did so. Less than one-half (48.6%) indicated feeling competent to discuss sexual dysfunction, and less than one-third (30%) had sufficient knowledge about sexual dysfunction. Barriers were lack of practical training (74.2%)and insufficient time (57.1%). Younger nurses (≤45 years old) and male nurses were significantly more confident in discussing sexual health matters. Overall, renal nurses had positive attitudes towards discussing sexual health concerns with patientshoweverthey rarely did so.

The Question of Moral Education: Reading Selected Bangla and English Folktales

Moral education is a type of education that distinguishes between right and wrong and determines human behaviour. In other words, moral education is an educational programme that focuses on moral and ethical values. The folktales' moral education aims to prepare the audience to be responsible, respectful, and resilient citizens who will contribute to the development of society, the nation, and the world at large. This study classifies moral themes and investigates their educational impact by conducting a qualitative content analysis of selected Bangala and English folktales. The study finds that each folktale incorporates some moral education, which is necessary in all aspects of human society. Folktales from the oral literary tradition play an important role in imparting moral education that includes historical, cultural, and religious ideologies and values. Folktale performances convey the moral values imbued in folktales to both children and adults. Folktale performance has been a part of human culture since time immemorial. The stories told in a pleasant ambience not only entertain, but also teach children moral lessons and values that will help them become better members of society. The folktale genre aims to educate children by instilling moral values, socialisation, behavioural changes, psychological development, and spiritual upliftment. The study concludes proving that these folktale-based lessons teach children human qualities like hard work, courage, love, sympathy, forgiveness, respect for elders, patriotism, tolerance, heroism, truthfulness, fraternity, and religiosity, among others. Furthermore, these folktale performances also highlight social vices such as pride, envy, wrath, theft, hatred, wickedness, ingratitude, injustice, disobedience, and dishonesty, which typically lead to retribution and nemesis.

Practical diagnosis and treatment of premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder by psychiatrists and obstetricians/gynecologists in Japan.

To investigate and compare the diagnoses and treatment of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) from the perspectives of psychiatrists and obstetricians/gynecologists (OB/GYNs) in Japan. Between December 2021 and February 2022, a web-based survey was conducted among the members of the Japanese Association of Neuro-Psychiatric Clinics. Data from 262 psychiatrists who responded to the aforementioned survey were compared with data from 409 OB/GYNs from a survey conducted in 2021 among members of the Japanese Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology. Overall, 79.8% of psychiatrists and 97.3% of OB/GYNs were involved in practicing PMS/PMDD diagnosis and treatment. Most psychiatrists believed that PMS should be treated by OB/GYNs (74.4%) and PMDD by psychiatrists (75.6%). Only vague medical interviews were conducted by 86.6% of psychiatrists, and only 9.7% maintained a two-cycle symptom diary. Psychiatrists mostly prescribed selective serotonin/serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor (SSRI/SNRI) continuous dosing (91.1%), followed by Kampo medicines, especially Kamishoyosan (73.3%); only 2.8% chose oral contraceptive pills, unlike OB/GYNs, while SSRI continuous (32.8%) and luteal phase dosing (20.6%) and Kampo medicine (42.1%) were the most common first-line treatments. Lifestyle guidance was prescribed by 63.6% of psychiatrists, followed by cognitive behavioral therapy (13.8%) and the symptom diary observation method (11.1%), which were similar to OB/GYNs' choices. Many Japanese psychiatrists and OB/GYNs do not base PMS/PMDD diagnoses on prospective monitoring methods using specific diagnostic criteria and therefore do not provide evidence-based treatment. Moreover, a tendency of being biased toward treatments in which the department specialized was observed.

A questionnaire survey of infection control measures during the coronavirus infectious disease 2019 pandemic era

ObjectiveTo clarify the infection control measures required in the event of a new infectious disease outbreak, we conducted a questionnaire survey on the infection control measures implemented against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). MethodsAn invitation to participate in this survey was sent to the heads of 2689 facilities affiliated with the members of the Japanese Society for Infection Prevention and Control in February 2023, requesting responses to the online survey using Google Forms by March 2023. ResultsSix hundred and forty-five facilities, including 20 clinics and 625 hospitals, participated in the survey. This survey revealed that various infection control measures were implemented, including universal masking in the non-COVID-19 ward (96.5 %), screening tests for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on scheduled admission (89.0 %), SARS-CoV-2 tests (98.7 %), and isolation in private rooms (76.5 %) for inpatients with fever. However, nosocomial infections and clusters of COVID-19 occurred in 94.4 % and 90.9 % of cases during the investigation period, respectively. One of the reasons for these results is that healthcare personnel (HCP) and patients were common index cases of nosocomial infections, and the most common cause of clusters was the work of symptomatic HCPs. These results suggest that HCPs should understand that they can be index cases or spreaders. On the other hand, the most common support from external facilities was healthcare centers, followed by physicians or nurses from other hospitals. ConclusionIn response to the emergence of infections, it is important to consider implementing infection control measures for HCPs and patients.

Begum Rokeya’s Sultana’s Dream: A Marxist Reading

Begum Rokeya’s Sultana’s dream is considered worldwide as a feminist utopian story. However, Sultana’s Dream does not talk aboutwomen’s empowerment and women’s issues only. The story talks about a complete social transformation. It visualizes an ideal country and social system free of hunger, theft, and untimely death. This is a country where people live in harmony with nature. A country whose economic and political affairs are based, not on profit mongering, but on ethical standards. A country which is uncompromising to the imperialists and revolutionary in ideals. Most importantly, this is a country where women take active roles in scientific research, economical activities, country planning and political decisions. Marxism is a philosophy which calls for the transformation of the worn-out society and women’s active participation in all the state’s affairs. The paper aims to show that many Marxist thoughts have been implemented in Begum Rokeya’s imaginary country, ‘Ladyland,’ showcasing a complete social transformation based on perceived Marxist ideals that emphasize equality, justice, and the well-being of all members of society. The article presents an analysis of the Marxist elements in the text through a close reading and comparison to Marxist theory. The article also explores the historical and social context of the author and the text to gain a deeper understanding of the Marxist elements present in the work. Through this analysis, the article presents Begum Rokeya as a Marxist feminist.

Report on the 12th international workshop on the CCN family of genes, Oslo, June 20–23, 2024

AbstractThe 12th international workshop on the CCN family of genes took place at the Scandic Holmenkollen Park Hotel in Oslo, Norway from June 20–23, 2024. In 2024, it was the second time, following the Nice meeting in 2022, that the scientific topics were expanded to include additional cellular signaling and communication pathways of interest to the CCN Society members, as suggested by Bernard Perbal in 2019. The 12th international CCN workshop, organized by Håvard Attramadal and Vivi T. Monsen, along with co‐organizers Bernard and Annick Perbal, was given the subtitle “Cell‐matrix Communication and Functions in Health and Disease” to encompass the broader scope of this meeting. The five scientific sessions covered various topics: Extracellular Matrix Proteins in Cell Communication and Signaling (Chaired by Brahim Chaqour and Vivi T. Monsen), Vascular Development and Pathophysiology (Chaired by Lester F. Lau and Håvard Attramadal), Mechanisms of Diseases (Chaired by George Bou‐Gharios and Satoshi Kubota), Tissue Development and Homeostasis (Chaired by Blandine Poulet and Bernard Perbal), and Mechanisms of Disease: Cancer and the Matrix (Chaired by Stephen M. Twigg and Raymond B. Birge). The 2024 ICCNS Award was presented to Katia Scotlandi during the last session (Chaired by Bernard Perbal) before Håvard Attramadal presented the conclusion of the workshop.

Pandemic Times and Health Care Exclusion: Attitudes Toward Health Care Exclusion of Undocumented Immigrants.

Most of the 11 million undocumented immigrants living in the United States are excluded from government healthcare programs. Yet, healthcare inequities pose significant dangers to all members of society during a pandemic. This project explores to what extent undocumented immigrants, in the context of a pandemic, can be seen as deserving of access to government healthcare programs. The first survey experiment explores whether work ethic can affect perceptions of undocumented immigrants as deserving of government healthcare programs. The second survey experiment tests to what extent appeals to fairness and self-interest, during a pandemic, shape healthcare deservingness attitudes. The results show that respondents view undocumented immigrants as less deserving of healthcare than citizens, even when undocumented immigrants have a solid work history. The second survey experiment, however, shows that appeals to fairness and self-interest trigger substantial increases in support for undocumented immigrants, both among Republicans and Democrats. The results suggest that while undocumented immigrants are seen as less deserving of access, appeals to fairness and self-interest can trigger increased support.

Assessing the Relationship between Political Financing and Policy Bias in B40 Welfare Policies during COVID-19

This conceptual paper delves into the intricate relationship between political financing and policy bias in the implementation of welfare policies for the B40 (Below 40 is the 40% of the total population that earns the lowest tier of household income compared to the first group of T20-Top 20% and second category M40-Middle 40%) cluster in Kuala Lumpur Malaysia amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. The B40 cluster comprises the most economically vulnerable segment of the population residing in public housing (the heavily subsidized government-owned residential areas for underprivileged citizens with certain household income categories). This study aims to unravel how political financing influences the formulation and execution of welfare policies, potentially leading to bias in resource allocation and support provision. Through an exhaustive review of existing scholarly literature and analysis of pertinent case studies, this paper embarks on examining the degree to which political financing impacts the decision-making process concerning welfare policies. The analysis focuses on identifying potential biases in policy formulation that may favor the interests of political entities providing financial backing to policymakers. Furthermore, the study also explores the implications of such biases on the equitable distribution of resources to the B40 cluster during the global COVID-19 crisis. The conceptual framework employed in this paper draws from theories of political economy, corruption, and public policy. By dissecting the extant body of literature, the paper aims to offer a nuanced comprehension of the dynamics between political financing and policy bias in the realm of welfare policies for the B40 cluster. The eventual findings are poised to enrich the theoretical understanding of the influence exerted by political financing on the formulation and execution of welfare policies, particularly during periods of global crisis. By identifying policy biases stemming from political financing, this study aspires to catalyze critical discussions on the imperative of transparent and accountable decision-making processes. Such deliberations are vital to ensuring the fair and effective implementation of welfare policies for the B40 cluster in Kuala Lumpur amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper thus serves as a clarion call for enhanced governance mechanisms and institutional reforms to uphold the principles of fairness, equity, and social justice in welfare policy formulation and implementation. This study contributes to the existing literature by shedding light on the nexus between political financing and policy bias in the context of welfare policies for vulnerable populations. It underscores the importance of addressing systemic flaws in governance and decision-making processes to mitigate the adverse effects of political influence on welfare policy outcomes. Moreover, the findings of this study have practical implications for policymakers, advocacy groups, civil society organizations and other stakeholders involved in shaping welfare policy agendas and advocating for reform initiatives. In conclusion, this paper calls for a concerted effort to promote transparency, accountability, and integrity in the formulation and implementation of welfare policies. By fostering a culture of ethical governance and democratic participation, policymakers can ensure that welfare programs serve the interests of the most vulnerable members of society and contribute to equitable and sustainable development outcomes.

Drug Abuse Among Elementary School Children: a Narrative Review of Implications For Islamic Ways of Prevention

Elementary education is the key to further education. Drug abuse is a troubling issue in most societies, involving the misuse of drugs, such as using them without a prescription or just to cause intoxication. The aim of this study is to review the implications of drug abuse from the perspective of Islamic prevention methods. The study uses a qualitative method with a narrative review technique. The findings show that drug abuse has many negative impacts on both users and passive members of society. Muslim communities are also not spared from the grip of drug abuse, necessitating a religious-based intervention. Although education at the elementary level and beyond offers significant benefits, drug abuse poses an obstacle to achieving educational goals for children. Due to their vulnerabilities and lack of experience, children often fall into drug abuse. Drugs are substances that can alter bodily conditions. Children may be drawn into drug abuse due to various factors, such as peer pressure, lack of experience, genetics, environment, and others. Drug abuse can affect physical health, cause mental health problems, disrupt education, and create numerous social issues. Parents who adhere to Islamic laws in parenting can significantly reduce drug abuse among children. Following Islamic laws, such as the prohibition of drugs, will certainly address drug abuse among children in society.

Connecting Compassion: Empathy's Role in STEM and Literacy Integration

AbstractEmpathy, an unsung, yet critical element of learning, can be strategically interlaced with literacy instruction and engineering design to create a rich and authentic learning experience for students. Integrated STEM education rests on the promise of engaging students and providing deep understandings through the intentional practice of delivering science and math content through the application of technology and engineering skills. Using children's literature to activate empathy and design thinking can help students become better problem‐solvers, critical thinkers, and caring members of society. Empathy facilitates a deeper connection to the human experience, ensuring that solutions not only meet the design requirements, but also address the emotions and concerns of the end user. Building upon story grammar, students can understand the needs of characters in narratives and create empathetic solutions to the challenges that characters in a book may face, ultimately helping students develop confidence and embrace their future possibilities.

Cervical Cancer Prevention in Individuals With Criminal Legal System Involvement.

Women with a history of criminal legal system involvement have cervical cancer rates that are 4-5 times higher than the general population-a disparity that has persisted for nearly 50 years. Our objective is to describe the intersection of mass incarceration in the United States and risk factors for cervical cancer to offer equitable prevention and treatment strategies for the field. A group was convened by American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology members and experts in the field to address a topic of importance relevant to cervical cancer elimination in underserved groups. This topic has received consistent attention from the American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology. After convening multiple times to discuss salient issues on the topic, the group proposed 12 specific recommendations related to vaccination, screening, treatment, practice, research, and policy to address the burden of cervical cancer among individuals with criminal legal system involvement. At least 10% of the incarcerated population is at risk for cervical cancer. Clinicians in all areas of practice will encounter patients with incarceration histories or current incarceration, regularly throughout their careers. Clinicians who provide preventive care for people at risk of cervical cancer can play a critical role in eliminating disparities for this vulnerable population, by drawing on these expert recommendations.

The Enigma of Humanistic Justice in Addressing Narcotics Abuse

Drug abuse is a complex problem that requires a comprehensive solution. This includes how the concept is used in various aspects of tackling drug abuse. Justice in drug abuse eradication is a complex enigma, especially when the approach taken tends to be repressive and pays less attention to humanitarian aspects. Restorative justice is an alternative paradigm for handling drug abuse in Indonesia by linking it to the values of Pancasila. Restorative justice emphasizes recovery, reconciliation, and reintegration of offenders, victims, and society. This approach is in line with Pancasila values such as humanity, unity, and social justice. Restorative justice does not only enforce the law, but also pays attention to the social and psychological aspects involved in drug abuse cases. Applying restorative justice to the rehabilitation of drug addicts helps them overcome their addiction and become productive members of society again. Implementing restorative justice requires the cooperation of various stakeholders, including government, law enforcement, and local communities. This research aims to explore and understand the complexity of humanistic justice in the context of drug abuse treatment, as well as examine the definition and concept of humanistic justice in the context of drug abuse. This research uses an empirical juridical method, with interviews conducted at the Kediri City Attorney's Office and observation visits to post-rehabilitation drug abusers. Results of this study show that to overcome this, a comprehensive approach is needed that affects many aspects of life. The noble values of Pancasila provide a solid foundation in developing effective coping strategies.

Children in the Archive: Migration and School Life in Turn-of-the-Century Egypt

What happens when we approach children and youth as the producers of their own history? This article foregrounds the concrete traces left by children and young students in the historian’s archive in order to offer an exploratory investigation of how they participated in the multifaceted history of transnational and internal migration in late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Egypt. I focus on children and young individuals who, on the one hand, belonged to migrant communities in Egypt and, on the other hand, produced narratives which spoke to the experience of transnational and internal migration. By examining school exams, letters, and petitions produced by pupils between the 1880s and the 1920s, I reconstruct how younger members of society engaged with various forms of parental, communal, and state authority and support as they moved across different social, legal, and spatial geographies.

Time to recovery from severe community-acquired pneumonia and its predictors among 6 to 59 months of age children admitted to South Wollo zone public hospitals, North East Ethiopia: a prospective follow-up study

IntroductionEthiopia is one of those countries with higher burden of community acquired pneumonia among its people, under five children are the members of society that are highly affected by pneumonia particularly Severe Community Acquired Pneumonia. However, there are limited studies on time to recovery and its predictors in under-five children and most of them are retrospective which fails to address important variables that affect the time to recovery. Therefore, the aim of this study was to estimate the median time to recovery and its predictors among under five children admitted to South Wollo zone public hospitals, North East Ethiopia.MethodsAn institution-based prospective cohort study was conducted from March 10 to May 10, 2021, with 270 study subjects. A systematic random sampling technique was used. Data was collected by interview and chart review. The data were entered and analyzed using Epi Data version 3.1 and STATA version 14.0, respectively. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression models were used to test the time and predictors of recovery from severe community-acquired pneumonia.ResultsThe overall incidence of recovery rate (95% confidence interval) from Severe Community-Acquired Pneumonia was 20.45(17.84–23.46) per 100 person days observation with median (IQR) time to recovery of [3, 5] days. The predictors of time to recovery from Severe Community-Acquired Pneumonia were having comorbidities on admission [AHR = 0.49 (95%CI: 0.32,0.75)], reaching hospitals after 5 days of onset of symptoms [AHR = 0.35 (95%CI: 0.20,0.60)], having Middle Upper Arm Circumference < = 12.5 cm [AHR = 0.21 (95%CI: 0.12,0.37)], the presence of smoker in the house [AHR = 0.21 (95%CI: 0.10,0.42)] and being not fully immunized for age [AHR = 0.35 (95%CI: 0.24,0.53)].Conclusion and recommendationsGenerally the recovery time of children with Severe Community Acquired Pneumonia in the study area was within the recommended national standards. Due attention should be given to children with the identified predictors while treating them.

Enhancement of Motivation to Learn Hinduism in Students of SMKN 1 Sukawati Gianyar

Education of religion has contributed to the achievement of national education goals. In this case, there are four components of educational goals whose achievement become the burden of religious education which means they also become the burden of religion teachers, namely having religious spiritual strength, self-control, personality, and noble character. Thus, how great the contribution of religious education and religion teachers in the effort to realize the expected educational goals is. Religious education functions to prepare students to become members of society who understand and practice the values of religious teachings and become experts in religious knowledge as well as increase student learning motivation in studying Hinduism as an effort to contribute to realizing national education goals in Indonesia. Educators can find out the factors that influence student motivation to study Hinduism subjects in school and outside of school because in essence religious people are expected to understand and know the religious teachings adhered to by the humans themselves. The study on the enhancement of motivation among Hindu students in participating in the Hinduism learning process in school was carried out by using observations, interviews, and document studies to obtain qualitative and quantitative data in the form of opinions related to learning problems to increase student’s motivation at SMKN 1 Sukawati Gianyar vocational school. Thus, educators use and improve the curriculum, the competence of Hinduism teachers, student’s motivation, teaching materials, learning models, learning media, facilities and infrastructure, learning environment and school culture towards efforts in implementing the curriculum, applying contextual learning models, increasing the competence of Hinduism teachers, preparing contextual teaching materials, providing learning infrastructure and media, conditioning the learning environment and school culture which is educative as well as praying on full moon and new moon continuously.

Arabic Sign Language Recognition in Real Time Using Transfer Deep Learning

People with hearing and speech disabilities in Arab society have obstacles to communicate since Arabic sign language (ArSL) has not been widely understood among society's members. Using technology to translate hand gestures from (ArSL) to written Arabic language can help bridge communication gaps and break down disability barriers in Arab society. latest research utilizes the camera to record the user’s hand features to recognize its gestures. In this research a software was developed to recognize ArSL hand gestures in real time and immediately translate them to written alphabet Arabic letters utilizing Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), Teachable Machine. Our methodology involves data collection and preparation, Therefore an ArSL alphabet database has been created, with 28 categories representing the Arabic letters. For each letter, 400 images were captured. Then 87.5% of the dataset was passed to Google’s Teachable Machine for training process, after that the dataset was tested and evaluated. Finally, the remaining 12.5% of dataset were used on local host for testing the model generated. The accuracy value for the model on local host was 92%. The experimental output shows the proposed model has good performance results in real time where the average recognition accuracy was 93.8%.