Membership Categories Research Articles

Reference repair in Korean conversation

This study examines, from a conversation-analytic perspective, the role of post-mortems following reference repair, whose organisational features exhibit the participants’ remedially motivated orientations towards managing their face and membership categories in accounting for a problematic reference. Post-mortems are predominantly organised as self-deprecating or other-supportive accounts, through which the troublesome character of a trouble source is downgraded, e.g., attributed to a momentary lapse. Their face-sensitive character is sometimes oriented via the repair-initiator’s abdication of correction, geared to pre-empting their generation, particularly when the repairable is an English word or its nativised version. In entertainment-oriented talk-shows, post-mortems, organised as mock-activities, are designedly promoted through exposed correction/reformulation. A case of problematic reference understanding is examined and accounted for as deriving from a tying-based mishearing, with the repair initiator being incorrectly primed to the trouble-source expression as continuative of the categorial flow of the preceding sequence, without recognising its sequence-organisational import in launching post-mortems.

Dreams of mass repatriation: government and far-right expansions of deportability in Sweden

ABSTRACT Far-right parties present increased deportations and repatriations of ‘racial aliens’ as a central policy goal. The mainstreaming of the far-right contributes to making such ideas enter mainstream politics and become legitimized. This article investigates what expansions of deportability can be discerned in relation to membership categories viewed as secure – notably, permanent residency and citizenship – in government policy and far-right policy proposals in Sweden. Based on an analysis of Swedish government policy documents from 1885 to 2022 and far-right party programs and policy proposals from 1989 to 2022, the article shows how government and far-right ideas have converged in recent years in part through the rekindling of historical policy. The article concludes that the mainstreaming of the far-right has contributed to a shift towards a conception of citizenship that aims to render a significant part of the Swedish population deportable.

46th biennial convention of Sigma Gamma Epsilon, University of Tennessee at Martin, September 16-18, 2022

The Society of Sigma Gamma Epsilon (SGE), the national honorary society for the Earth sciences, held its 46th biennial convention (September 16-18, 2022) at satellite facilities of University of Tennessee at Martin (UT Martin) located in Selmer, Tennessee. The convention was hosted by SGE’s Eta Alpha Chapter and the Department of Agriculture, Geoscience, and Natural Resources at UT Martin. Ten (10) of SGE’s approximately 60 active chapters sent delegates to the convention. The traditional convention field trip, an outing to UT Martin’s Coon Creek Science Center, focused on collecting and preparing marine fossils from the Upper Cretaceous Coon Creek Formation. Key accomplishments of the convention include amending the Society’s constitution to reflect changes in membership categories, the adoption of a new mission statement, and broad-ranging discussions related to the revitalization of local chapters following the COVID-19 pandemic. This report provides details about the convention proceedings and provides the various reports presented by national officers, individual chapters, and student committees.

Layers of Oriented‐to Identities in Language Learner Peer Discussion Tasks

AbstractEmploying membership categorization analysis and conversation analysis, we uncover how students performing classroom discussion tasks for language learning locally ascribe themselves and others to various identity categories within single discussion activities. Data consist of 126 hours of video‐recorded small‐group discussions for second language learning collected in Japanese universities. Analysis unveiled the members' methods by which students themselves construct their identities in invoking various membership categories. In addition to sequential identities that are relevant at any point during the discussions, participants overwhelmingly oriented to hypothetical identities set up by the tasks. These identities were layered over the omnirelevant identities of Japanese language speakers, second language speakers, and students. Through publicly observable orientations to membership categories, these interactants manifested their collective understanding of the aims and motivations of the educational activities and institutional environment. The findings show how learners orient to their own and co‐participants' multiple identities as they accomplish language‐learning tasks and how these varied layers of identity contributed to language‐learning affordances in different and unique ways. We then suggest some implications for task‐based language learning.

Gender differences among shoulder arthroplasty surgeons: past, present, and future

Reducing differences in the gender representation of shoulder arthroplasty surgeons may help optimize patient care. This work aims to determine (a) the current gender distribution of surgeons performing shoulder arthroplasty, (b) how gender relates to practice patterns among shoulder arthroplasty surgeons, and (c) how gender distribution has been changing over time. The Medicare Provider Utilization and Payment Data for years 2012-2020 was utilized to identify orthopedic surgeons performing anatomic and reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (current procedural terminology [CPT] code 23472). The dataset provides self-reported gender, credentials, national provider identifier (NPI), annual volume for all procedures (based upon CPT) that were performed at least 11 times in the calendar year, and location for all included providers. The dataset was linked to the Medicare physician compare dataset using NPI numbers to determine hospital affiliations, year of medical school graduation, and graduating medical school. All included hospitals were queried to determine academic status (affiliated orthopedic residency or fellowship program). The American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) directory was reviewed to determine gender breakdown of current members. The number of surgeons performing at least 11 shoulder arthroplasty annually increased from 821 (13 females; 1.6%) in 2012 to 1,840 (53/1,840 females; 2.9%; p=0.05) in 2019. One female ranked in the top 100 surgeons by shoulder arthroplasty volume in 2012 and in 2020. Female surgeons graduated more recently from medical school (mean: 2005) compared to male surgeons (mean: 1997; p<0.001). About 10% of female (10.8%, 12/111) and male surgeons (9.1%, 229/2528) practiced at hospitals with orthopedic residents (p=0.50). Female surgeons performing shoulder arthroplasty were less likely than males to perform total knee arthroplasty (29.4% versus 54.1%; p<0.001) and total hip arthroplasty (12.6% versus 34.7%; p<0.001). There were 86 female members of the ASES (6.7%; 86/1275), with a significant difference in the proportion of women in differing membership categories (p=0.017). A diverse cohort of high-volume shoulder replacement surgeons is integral to delivering high-quality shoulder arthroplasty. Currently, the proportion of women performing high volume shoulder replacement in the US is small, with little improvement in recent years. However, women performing shoulder arthroplasty are younger, often involved in academic practices, and the membership of the ASES is increasingly female. Continued efforts to promote orthopedics, and mentor women residents and medical students interested in shoulder surgery, may bring real change to the gender differences among shoulder replacement surgeons over the coming years.

‘We are not putschists’: Accountability and the negotiation of membership categories in political news interviews

This paper observes the emergence of membership categories and their role in the construction of accountability in news interview interactions on two Arabic networks. It adopts a Membership Categorisation Analysis (MCA) to analyse how these categories contribute to the design of interviewers’ questions and interviewees’ answers. The data include twenty-eight hours of recorded Arab news interviews from four shows. The findings demonstrate that there are three interactional patterns in which membership categories are invoked. In the first pattern, interviewees engage in negotiating their incumbency or their political allies in accountable categories in interviewers’ questions. In the second pattern, interviewees display membership categories to obviate the shown accountability, while in the third pattern, they show negation of their incumbency of some categories even though they have not been explicitly included in these categories in interviewers’ questions.

A Pathway for Increased Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in the Surgical Infection Society.

Background: With the rise of diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) efforts across medicine, the Surgical Infection Society (SIS) leadership undertook a several-year mission to evaluate DEI issues within the SIS, through the formation of a DEI Ad Hoc Committee to guide the application of best practices. The purpose of this article is to describe the work of the DEI committee since its inception, as well as report on advances made during that time. Methods: Beginning in September 2020, 26 volunteer committee members met monthly to explore the current state of science and best practices around DEI, identify opportunities for the SIS, and translate opportunities into recommendations. As part of this initiative, a survey of the SIS membership was conducted. Survey results, published best practices from business and medicine, and experiences of committee members were utilized collaboratively to outline specific opportunities and recommendations. These findings were presented to the SIS Executive Council and to the membership at the SIS Annual Business Meeting. Results: Committee-identified opportunities and recommendations fell into broad categories of Membership, Leadership and Society Structure, the Annual Meeting, and Research Priorities. Several recommendations were immediately enacted, and a standing DEI committee was established to continue this work. Conclusions: Beyond the main mission of the SIS to advance the science of surgical infections, the SIS can also have a major impact on DEI within society and academic surgery at large.

Demographic representation among speakers at the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA) spring conferences.

The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA) is a leading medical society for infection prevention and antibiotic stewardship. This descriptive study evaluated speaker demographics at the annual SHEA Spring conferences from 2019 to 2022. This was a retrospective, descriptive analysis of the demographic composition of speakers at the annual SHEA Spring conferences between 2019 and 2022, excluding the cancelled 2020 conference. Self-reported demographics were available for gender, race, ethnicity, age, primary practice setting, and professional degrees in speaker and membership categories. In total, 447 speaker slots were filled by 305 unique speakers over 3 years. Average annual membership included 55.2% female, 44.8% male, 69.3% White, 21.4% Asian, 6.0% Hispanic/Latino, 2.9% Black, and 0.4% American Indian/Alaska Native or Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander (AIAN/NHPI); 48.9% did not report a race or ethnicity. Speakers during the same period were 63.5% female, 36.5% male, 68.2% White, 13.3% Asian, 3.8% Black, 3.4% Hispanic/Latino, 0.8% AIAN/NHPI; 13.4% did not report race or ethnicity. In 2021, pharmacists represented 11.6% of speakers (and 2.9% of members) and members with nondoctoral degrees represented 11.6% of speakers (and 21.5% of members) (P < .0001). In each year, we detected underrepresentation of community and private-practice speakers relative to membership (eg, in 2022, 4.3% of speakers vs 15.7% of members; P < .05). The SHEA Spring conferences demonstrated an increase in pharmacist speakers over time, but speakers from community hospitals and with nondoctoral degrees remain underrepresented relative to membership. Racial and ethnic minoritized individuals remain underrepresented as members and speakers. Intentional interventions are needed to consistently achieve equitable speaker representation across multiple demographic groups.

Recipient design and collaboration in language socialization

When people participate in a special event such as a religious ritual, they may need support to perform the appropriate actions specific to the ritual. This study adopts the methodology of multimodal conversation analysis to investigate how language socialization is achieved differently depending on the recipient and the agent and how adults of different social roles collaboratively socialize a child participant. The analysis of the linguistic and embodied behaviours directed towards child and adult participants during a Japanese household Shinto ritual reveals that the priest’s style of speech becomes informal, less formulaic, more involved, and more personal when directed towards child participants compared with those towards adults. Shifts in the membership category are also observed, which suggest that the priest assumes the role of a caregiver in addition to being a religious authority. The parent also contributes to the socialization of a child participant, but not in the same way as the priest. While the priest has the rights to give verbal instructions, the parent makes physical corrections to the child before the priest. Through analyses of multiple recipients and agents, this study contributes to the understanding of the intricacies of language socialization.

Gender diversity, leadership, promotion and opportunity among the members of the Orthopaedic Trauma Association (OTA).

To demonstrate the gender distribution in leadership positions and academic promotion of Orthopaedic Trauma Association (OTA) members. We conducted a cross-sectional examination of the 2020-2021 OTA membership cohort dataset provided by the OTA. Professional and academic information of OTA members at their site of appointment was also abstracted from publicly available online resources. Data included: gender, OTA membership category, OTA leadership position, trauma fellowship completion, trauma practice setting, level of trauma center, percentage of trauma work, year of first practice, academic rank, and university/hospital/institutional leadership role. Statistical analysis included Chi-Squared, Wilcoxon Two Sample and Fisher's Exact tests. 2,608 OTA members were identified; 14.1% were female. Female representation was highest in the Trauma Practice Professional category (67.1%) and significantly lower in the Active category (9.1%) (p<0.0001). No statistically significant gender differences were observed regarding level of trauma center, percentage of trauma work, or trauma practice setting. In the Active, Clinical and Emeritus categories, males achieved a higher level of academic rank than females at their site of employment (p=0.003), while more males completed trauma fellowships (p=0.004) and had been in practice for significantly longer (p<0.0001). Males held more of the highest leadership positions (e.g., Board of Directors) (p=0.0047) and the greatest number of leadership positions (p=0.017) within the OTA compared to females. Gender disparity exists within the upper echelon of leadership and academic representation in orthopaedic trauma. Our findings will help inform strategic policies to address gender diversity within the OTA and the broader orthopaedic trauma subspecialty.

Startup category membership and boundary expansion in the field of artificial intelligence

PurposeAn important but neglected area of investigation in digital entrepreneurship is the combined role of both core and peripheral members of an emerging technological field in shaping the symbolic and social boundaries of the field. This is a serious gap as both categories of members play a distinct role in expanding the pool of resources of the field. I address this gap by exploring how membership category is related to funding decisions in the emerging field of artificial intelligence (AI).Design/methodology/approachThe first quantitative study involved a sample of 1,315 AI-based startups which were founded in the period of 2011–2018 in the United States. In the second qualitative study, the author interviewed 32 members of the field (core members, peripheral members and investors) to define the boundaries of their respective role in shaping the social boundaries of the AI field.FindingsThe author finds that core members in the newly founded field of AI were more successful at attracting funding from investors than peripheral members and that size of the founding team, number of lead investors, number of patents and CEO approval were positively related to funding. In the second qualitative study, the author interviewed 30 members of the field (core members, peripheral members and investors) to define their respective role in shaping the social boundaries of the AI field.Research limitations/implicationsThis study is one of the first to build on the growing literature in emerging organizational fields to bring empirical evidence that investors adapt their funding strategy to membership categories (core and peripheral members) of a new technological field in their resource allocation decisions. Furthermore, I find that core and peripheral members claim distinct roles in their participation and contribution to the field in terms of technological developments, and that although core members attract more resources than peripheral members, both actors play a significant role in expanding the field’s social boundaries.Practical implicationsCore AI entrepreneurs who wish to attract funding may consider operating in fewer categories in order to be perceived as core members of the field, and thus focus their activities and limited resources to build internal AI capabilities. Entrepreneurs may invest early in filing a patent to signal their in-house AI capabilities to investors.Social implicationsThe social boundaries of an emerging technological field are shaped by a multitude of actors and not only the core members of the field. The author should pay attention to the role of each category of actors and build on their contributions to expand a promising field.Originality/valueThis paper is among the first to build on the growing literature in emerging organizational fields to study the resource acquisition strategies of entrepreneurs in a newly establishing technological field.

Asymmetric Territorial Citizenship

Many forms of differentiated citizenship have been implemented by states in different regions and epochs. This article presents a novel category: “asymmetric territorial citizenship,” which is a type of differentiation that within the same state establishes categories of citizenship, some of which are fragmentary or inferior, and thus essentially creating horizontal categories of territorialized state membership, or territorialized citizenship regimes. The existence of asymmetry within the same state shatters the commonplace expectation that citizenship is unitary, equal, and homogenous. Empirically, asymmetric citizenship originates in the practices and policies of imperial powers in some of their territories and in the relations of domination and control of colonialism. But, asymmetric citizenship also exists today in the U.S unincorporated territories (and, in particular, in Puerto Rico). I examine the creation of this novel category by the Insular Cases and its progeny, and relate it to the fundamental elements of citizenship.

Quiz Helps Would‐Be Members Decide

The Membership Management ReportVolume 19, Issue 4 p. 8-8 Membership Category Options Quiz Helps Would-Be Members Decide First published: 06 March 2023 https://doi.org/10.1002/mmr.32108Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL No abstract is available for this article. Volume19, Issue4April 2023Pages 8-8 RelatedInformation

Agree to Disagree? Allowing for Ideological Difference during Interfaith Dialogue Following Scriptural Reasoning

Interfaith dialogue is a promising conflict resolution method and encourages participants to learn about and appreciate religious diversity. Yet, participants often need a facilitator’s help to learn how to converse successfully across areas of ideological differences, such as religion. A valuable resource for facilitators and scholars of interfaith dialogue would be intricate knowledge of how successful dialogue happens, particularly when participants disagree with one another. In this study, applied conversation analysis was used to examine moments of disagreement in interfaith dialogue. Beginning with abdicated other-initiated repair, participants expressed differences in opinion through assertion and counter-assertion sequences where they followed both other- and self-selected turn-taking patterns and used membership categories to bolster their claims. This analysis offers insight into how specific conversational tactics might lead to successful interfaith dialogue during critical moments of disagreement.

Determinants of payment compliance of the national health insurance among non-salaried participants

This study analyzed the compliance of non-salaried participants, in paying the monthly premium of the National Health Insurance (known as Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional, JKN) in Indonesia. The sustainability of this program is essential to realize universal health coverage (UHC) in the country, and its success heavily relies on the compliance of its participants in paying the premiums. Non-salaried workers constitute a membership category with a lower level of compliance in paying premiums compared to salaried workers and premium contribution beneficiaries. This study used the logit regression method and revealed significant findings. Specifically factors such as age, income stability, payment point, decision maker, and distance to health facilities were found to be associated with the compliance of private participants in paying the monthly premium of the JKN program. The study identified that older age is linked to higher compliance, and having a stable monthly income increases the probability of payment. Respondents who utilize bank auto-debit services for payments exhibit a higher level of compliance compared to those who make payments at modern mini-markets or e-commerce platforms. The joint decision-making by both spouses to participate in the JKN Program leads to higher compliance compared to decisions made solely by one spouse. Furthermore, the study discovered that a greater distance to health facilities corresponds to an increased likelihood of compliance in paying the monthly premium.

Reading What is Not There: Ethnomethodological Analysis of the Membership Category, Action, and Reason in Novels and Short Stories

This paper investigates how the reader of prose fiction fills in the blanks regarding a fictional character’s membership category, action, and reason for the action. Aligning with an ethnomethodological approach to texts and appropriating membership categorization analysis (MCA), we analyze how the readers of J. D. Salinger, an author whose works are well known for their ambiguity and ambivalence, would grasp the unwritten identities of characters and the meanings of their actions. Our analysis specifies two types of methods deployed for the reader to understand the fictional texts. First, in an at-a-glance way, the reader can supply the missing categories and sequence of actions by turning to the commonsense knowledge and social norms regarding the association between the category and the activity. Second, the reader can construct various interpretations regarding the recognizably ambiguous scenes of the text by turning to the conceptual knowledge of the relevant social phenomena, the maxims specific to the act of storytelling, and the writer’s techniques peculiar to the fictional texts. The findings demonstrate the vast applicability of an MCA approach to the analysis of the work of reading prose fiction and shed light on the detailed operations of the author’s maxims and techniques in the textual configuration of prose fiction, thereby indicating the possibility of ethnomethodological analysis including the interwoven consideration of the reader’s activity and the textual organization.

Discourse features of an Ethiopian health radio phone-in

This study aims to describe the discourse features of an Ethiopian health radio phone-in program. More specifically, building on previous studies that draw on the methodological insights of CA/MCA, we demonstrate how topical discussion about public health issues on a radio phone-in show is accomplished. Our analysis is based on eight hours of recorded and transcribed talk data from a public FM radio station broadcasting in Amharic, FM Addis 97.1. Our analysis shows that the speech exchange between the host and callers is central to the organization of interactions in the talk show and comprises phases such as openings, topical talk, and closings. We further demonstrate using examples how what counts as ‘topical talk’ is initiated and pursued through reliance on a sequential development of relevant categories and identities, where one builds upon another during the course of the interaction. Our analysis reveals that interaction resources such as reminding callers of the theme/topic, posing a question relating to the theme of the talk, and using ‘eshi’ (which translates as ‘ok’) or ‘eshi’ prefaced statements or questions are employed to initiate topical talk as well as elicit callers’ membership categories vis-à-vis the theme. Such categorical information is in turn drawn upon to develop topical talk. Central to the development of topical talk in the program then is the elicitation of callers’ first-hand experiential accounts. Overall, we illustrate that the accomplishment of the topical talk involves a reflexive combination of categorical and sequential methods through which layers of background context are built and drawn upon by the participants in the talk show.

Name(ing) norms: Mispronunciations and ethnic categories in political talk

AbstractThis article investigates the situated orientation to and production of social and political norms related to the pronunciation of person names in the context of announcing next speakers during a political meeting. Through a detailed multimodal analysis of naturally occurring interaction, the article discusses how participants to a political party's congress in Sweden treat the chairpersons’ pronunciation of person names as rendering them (non)normative and as relating them to ethnic categories. In associating specific prosodic realizations of person names with ‘(non)Swedish-ness’ and orienting to this as inacceptable, the participants reflexively establish these membership categories as (non)normative and, moreover, as unequal. In this way, the article contributes to our understanding of normative aspects regarding public announcements of next speakers as a turn-taking procedure in political interaction and how names are invoked and established as related to (non)normative ethnic categories by virtue of the formal properties of their production. (Conversation analysis, ethnomethodology, person names, political interaction, turn-taking, ethnicity, prosody)*

The Visual and Conversational Order of Membership Categories in Fictional Films

The Visual and Conversational Order of Membership Categories in Fictional Films

Sustainable Recovery: Updating the SPE Business Model

As I mentioned in a previous column, the SPE Board of Directors and leadership are reviewing and updating the SPE Strategic Plan. This is a periodic exercise to define the strategic goals that will allow us to better meet member expectations and industry needs in the next 3 to 5 years. The current strategic plan was developed in 2017/2018 on the heels of three very difficult years for the industry, our members, academia, and SPE. Since that time, the industry has experienced even more hardship and changes like never before. The world we live in is not the same. The SPE Strategic Plan to be developed needs to take these issues into consideration and give SPE a solid foundation to best serve our members’ needs into the future using a financially sustainable model. For more than 30 years, SPE’s main source of revenue has been events. Although SPE quickly ramped up virtual programming in 2020, it did not make up for in-person events such as the Offshore Technology Conference, Offshore Europe, and the International Petroleum Technology Conference. This graph (developed from SPE financial data) illustrates that from FY2010 (April 2009 to March 2010) SPE had relied on events for at least 70% of its revenue. It also shows how revenue from events is used not only to pay for events but also publications (advertising has fallen dramatically) and for member programs and services. The graphic for Revenue Categories splits event revenues into corporate exhibit/sponsorship (the majority) and registration for comparison with dues and all other revenue sources. Dues only amount to approximately 15% of SPE’s revenue, except during the pandemic in FY2021. FY2022 was closer to the typical pre-COVID percentage, and the forecasts for FY2023 and FY2024 are projected to be the same. As a result, we need to review and diversify SPE revenue streams. This may mean new programs and services, markets, membership categories, etc. As our traditional sources of revenue evolve, they must be supplemented if we are to maintain or even add new services. Over the period of July to August, we have set up a plan for the development of the updated strategic plan which involves interviews of different SPE stakeholders, including leaders of industry companies and a cross section of members, students and academia, regional and technical sections, as well as near-members (who participate in the Society’s events without being members). A channel is being established on SPE Connect for individual members to give their feedback on topics related to the strategic plan. We will post thoughtful discussion topics to gain insight from members. If you are not familiar with SPE Connect, please log on and join the discussion. We look forward to hearing our members’ perspective on the future of our Society. As always, I welcome your feedback at president@spe.org.