Subak Members Research Articles

Perilaku Petani Anggota Subak Abian Ulun Desa dalam Budidaya Tanaman Kakao di Desa Bajera Utara, Kecamatan Selemadeg, Kabupaten Tabanan

The Behavior of the Abian Ulun Desa Subak Members in the Cocoa Cultivation in the Village of Bajera Utara, Sub-District of Selemadeg, Tabanan.Cocoa has been the main commodity of plantation sub-sector, and it has the potential to be developed in support of improving the income of farmers in Indonesia. Selemadeg sub-district is the center of the cocoa farmers in Tabanan, which in 2014, its productivity reached 1,659 kg/ha/year, but the productivity was not optimal considering the productivity of cocoa in Indonesia reached 2000 kg/ha/year. The low productivity of cocoa in several centers in cocoa production was estimated to be caused by the behavior of farmers in the cultivation of cocoa plants. The purpose of research was to study the behavior of the farmer members of Subak Abian Ulun Desa in the cultivation of cocoa plants. This research was conducted in the Subak Abian Ulun Desa, Village of Bajera Utara, Sub-District of Selemadeg, Tabanan. Subak of Abian Ulun Desa has the population of 46 people. Determination of respondents by using census method. The results showed the knowledge and attitudes of farmers in the cultivation of cocoa is classified as excellent category with the score of knowledge of 85.95% and the score of attitude of 87.09%. The lowest percentage was for the application of the farmers in the cultivation of cocoa plants that regarded as excellent category with a score of 84.69%. Behavior of farmers of Subak Abian Ulun Desa in the cultivation of cocoa plants considered as excellent category by achieving a score of 85.91%. Based on the research results, the behavior of farmers in the cultivation of cocoa plants need to be given training by the government, especially on the application of cultivation of cocoa to produce maximum cocoa production.

Pengetahuan dan Penerapan Tri Hita Karana dalam Subak untuk Menunjang Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Berkelanjutan (Kasus Subak Mungkagan, Desa Sembung, Kecamatan Mengwi, Kabupaten Badung)

Thesis Title "Knowledge and Application of Tri Hita Karana in Subak to Support Sustainable Horticulture Food Agriculture (The Case of Subak Mungkagan, Sembung Village, Mengwi, Badung Regency)"Bali historically owns traditions, culture and religious commitment of its own in the form of an organization called Subak. All Subaks in Bali apply the concept of Tri Hita Karana one of them being Subak Mungkagan. The purpose of this research was to determine the level of knowledge, and the farmers’ application of Tri Hita Karana in Subak Mungkagan to support sustainable crop farming, in the village of Sembung, Mengwi, Badung regency. Subak Mungkagan population numbered 161 people. The determination of samples used quota sampling and random sampling. The respondents taken amounted to 32 people. The results showed that the farmers’ knowledge of Tri Hita Karana in Subak Mungkagan to support sustainable horticulture agriculture, village Sembung, Mengwi, Badung belonged to the excellent category by achieving a score of 4.28. The level of implementation of the Tri Hita Karana by farmers in Subak Mungkagan to support sustainable food crops, also belonged to the excellent category by achieving a score of 4.17. Based on the research it can be suggested the existence of sanctuaries and their use has been complete, what needs to be considered is the cleanliness after praying in the temple area. Extension in Subak Mungkagan is only done twice a year, it should have been done five times a year, so that knowledge and application of Tri Hita Karana aspects Palemahan in particular in Mungkagan Subak is related to the relationship of Subak members with the surrounding environment.

Peran Aspek Kelembagaan Subak dalam Konteks Pengendalian Alih Fungsi Lahan (Kasus Subak Semat, Desa Tibubeneng, Kecamatan Kuta Utara, Kabupaten Badung)

TheRole of Institutional Aspects of Subak in the Context of Land Conversion Control (A Case at Subak Semat, Village of Tibubeneng, Sub-District ofKuta Utara,Regency of Badung)Land conversion phenomenon that occurred in Bali is very high. The great number ofland conversion leads to reduced agricultural land in an irrigation system of Subak. Itwill affect the sustainability of Subak. Subak role in the institutional aspects must beconsidered in controlling land conversion. The purpose of this study was todetermine how the roles of the institutional aspects of water control system in thecontext of land conversion control at Subak Semat, Sub-District of Kuta Utara. Thescope of this research is the institutional role ofSubak as controller of the landconversion. The study examined three indicators, namely regulation, Subak activities,services and facilitation of Subak. The research method was a qualitative descriptivemethod.Based on the research results, judging from the three indicators of research,namely regulation, Subak activities and services and facilitation, institutional role inregulation needs to accommodate the provisions of the ban on land conversion intotraditional rules of awig awig. The role of the institutional aspects of the activities,services and facilitation has been at a good category, each categories was good with ascore 70% and 80%. The provisions of the ban on land conversion into traditionalrules of awig awigSubak is needed with a score 81,17% so that the land conversioncan be controlled. The lack of clear boundaries related to the ban on land conversionwill be the reference for the members of Subak if they want to sell their land. Inaddition, the role of activities, services and facilitation of Subak still need to beimproved to be in much better category.

STRATEGI PENGELOLAAN LINGKUNGAN EKOWISATA DI SUBAK JATILUWIH KECAMATAN PENEBEL KABUPATEN TABANAN

Subak Jatiluwih in 2012 has been named as one of the World Heritage nomination from UNESCO. The level of tourist visits to Subak Jatiluwih continues to increase each year. The rate of environmental damage due the development of tourism is also expected to increase, and therefore need to be efforts to minimize environmental damage from tourism development. This study aims to identify the potential of ecotourism in Subak Jatiluwih, knowing how to manage the environment at the moment and assess environmental management strategies ecotourism, so that tourism development is carried out to provide benefits not only to the social and economic fields surrounding communities but also to the preservation of the environment in Subak Jatiluwih. The approach used in this study is a qualitative approach. The method of collecting data in this study using the observation, interviews and questionnaires. The data obtained were analyzed by descriptive qualitative analysis equipped with IFAS (Internal Factor Analysis Summary), EFAS (Exsternal Factor Analysis Summary), SWOT (Strength Weakness Opportunities Threats) analysis and QSPM (Quantitative Strategies Planning Matrixs) analysis to determine strategic priorities has been produced. Based on the observation the environmental potential of ecotourism in Subak Jatiluwih is abiotic potential consisting of rice field panorama, Besi Kalung Temple panorama, wellsprings, waterfall, hot springs, river. Biotic potential include brown rice, Kokokan bird. Social and cultural potentials include the existence of subak organization, technology used in water distribution system, myth, potential of 13 traditional ceremonies conducted in Subak Jatiluwih. The results of SWOT analysis, there are four strategies that is Strength Opportunities Strategy (SO), Strength Threats Strategy (ST), Weaknesses Opportunities Strategy (WO) and Weaknesses Threats Strategy (WT). Each of these strategies are translated into programs in environmental management of ecotourism in Subak Jatiluwih. QSPM analysis results a functional strategy with highest scale priority to be implemented is the development of tour packages based on agriculture, culture and nature. Ecotourism environmental management in Subak Jatiluwih requires completeness of supporting facilities and infrastructures such as improved roads, irrigation channels, parking and toliet. In addition to support of the empowerment local communities should reduce the use of migrants labor and involve local communities especially members of Subak as a tour guide, forming subak cooperatives and perform packaging of agriculturebased tourism, culture and nature, by limiting the number of tourists visit if its felt beyond the carrying capacity.

Belajar Mandiri melalui System of Intensification (SRI)di Duabelas Subak di Provinsi Bali

<p>The traditional irrigation water management system in Bali known as Subak has a great potential for adopting the SRI innovation.In the adoption process, there is also a learning process on the individual members of the subak. The objectives of this researchare (1) to analyze the characteristics of the Subak members, competence of facilitators, competence of Subak caretakers, theperceptions, and attitudes that influence Subak members in Self Directed Learning, and (2) to formulate the strategy of approachand effective extention in improving Self Directed Learning of the Subak members. This research was carried out in sevenregencies in the province of Bali. The total amount of samples in this research is 104 farmers selected through the StratifiedRandom Sampling methods which also included famers that applied SRI innovations. Primary data were collected throughinterviews and direct obserations from September to October 2011. The design of this research is an ex Post Facto and dataanalyzed using Structural Equation Model (SEM). The result of this research shows that: (1) The better the perceptions, attitudestowards SRI, characteristics of members of Subak, competence of facilitators and caretakers of the Subak, the better the level ofSelf Directed Learning of Subak members; and (2) The role of facilitator is very important to helping subak members decidedto accept an agricultural innovation. The discovery of dominant factors which affect the adoption of SRI among Subak memberswill facilitate the caretakers in making a change in Bali.</p><p>Keywords: adoption, innovation, SRI, farmers, caretakers</p>

Water Conflicts among Different User Groups in South Bali, Indonesia

The overexploitation of water resources in the region of South Bali, near one of the island’s tourist centres, is exemplified by a subak in Sanur at the tail end of an irrigation system. Tensions between the social institutions for local water management and powerful, state-backed stakeholders in water distribution from the river Ayung have caused rural–urban water conflicts for the last 10–15 years. The case presented here illustrates how water shortages are ascribed to the dominance of the tourism industry, private companies selling bottled drinking water and regional water delivery services, all of which peasants hold responsible for crop failure in dry years. I focus on the emic perspective of the subak members on water scarcity caused by a lack of coordination between privatized and previously centralized water resource management based on economic priorities for the tourism sector and urban regions and water use for agriculture.