Members Of Research Group Research Articles

“Back and forth” between the individual and the group: collaboration and emotional leadership in science

PurposeIn this article, the authors explore the emotional dimension of the strategies that researchers carry out to foster collaboration within research groups in science.Design/methodology/approachThe authors have carried out fieldwork based on semi-structured interviews with members of high-performance research groups, supported by the analysis of ethnographic observations in the local work contexts of several of these groups.FindingsAs a result, the authors start from the representations of the principal investigators interviewed about collaboration, as a dynamic between the individuals involved and the group, to describe two forms of leadership strategies: ego-centered or group. Hence, the authors highlight that the emotional work of IPs consists of combining both strategies by activating and deactivating affection, warmth and spontaneity in interactions. The authors conclude by reviewing the contributions and some potential lines of study.Research limitations/implicationsThe main contributions and conclusions must be regarded considering several limitations of our work. First, the authors have focused on high-performance groups, so it would be expected that the research groups that do not have the support of European Research Council (ERC) do not present the observed dynamics. Concerning the analysis, the authors have focused on the link between situational (personal interaction) and organizational scales. Although the authors have attended social factors that imply the structure and changes of the professional sector of science (Whitley, 2000, 2014), future publications will allow the authors to delve into relationships on a broader scale, associating collaboration patterns and discursive positions. The authors will focus on (1) roles and social profiles and (2) features of scientific culture and its recent configuration.Practical implicationsThe authors affirm that the emotional field is key to understanding how groups and individuals respond to these profound changes. In their work, scientific professionals do not only act based on rational and instrumental criteria but also driven by habits, affective networks and inertia of their organizational cultures. In this paper, the authors provide theoretical and practical keys to understand the complexity that collaboration creates within research groups as a contradictory reality that consists of a constant movement of individuals and the group.Social implicationsAs many of the interviewees expressed, there are no adequate spaces to learn and reflect on leadership and collaboration in science. The authors are science workers who are responsible for imagining and deciding how the authors want their research groups to function. Institutions must ensure the means so that this task can be carried out. Hopefully, this article will contribute to this irrevocable project.Originality/valueThe authors’ aim is to understand how well-known groups operate in their field, with a high level of resources and productivity, in order to identify and promote cutting-edge strategies in different scientific branches. Moreover, the authors want to recognize the importance of institutional infrastructures. For this reason, giving them a place in the framework of management studies allows to submit this issue to public debate for a wide audience of social scientists. Moreover, this permits to inquire about cross-disciplinary subjects, such as social and organizational psychology, sociology of work, studies about science and management studies.

Technological Acceptance Model for Social Media Networking in e-Learning in Higher Educational Institutes

Twitter and Facebook are popular among college educators. The use of social media in schools of higher learning has also been the subject of study. The use of social media has opened up new avenues of contact, collaboration, and participation between students and teachers. Accepting students and educators who make use of technological tools to do so requires insight into the factors that shape their propensity to do so. Using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) framework, which highlights perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and behavioral intention to use new technologies, this paper investigates the extent to which Nigerians are adopting social networking media for e-learning. Quantitative studies made use of surveys. Teachers and students from four different Nigerian schools participated in this survey. The suggested model factors were predicted using structural equation modeling (SEM). Intentions to utilize social media for e-learning by students and faculty at Nigerian institutions were shown to be impacted by these factors: perceived ease of use and perceived utility. The research is limited in that it does not offer any insight into interactive factors such interaction with research group members and peers, interaction with supervisors or lecturers, engagement, or active collaborative learning.

Experimental study on insulation performance of structured-core transparent vacuum insulation panels for different core materials

The conversion of existing buildings to ZEH and ZEB requires increased thermal insulation, in which the insulation of window surfaces is particularly important. This study focused on measuring and comparing the changes in thermal conductivity of transparent vacuum insulation panels (TVIP), which could be used as simple and easy to install insulation to building windows. These changes were later compared with the results obtained from previous studies conducted by other research group members. The measured thermal conductivity values ranged between 0.017 W/(m*K) of the best performing frame-type with the thickness of 5.1 mm, and 0.011 W/(m*K) of the best performing double-layered peak-type core with the thickness of 7.8 mm. The calculated U-values of the samples ranged between 4.1 W/(m2*K) and 1.4 W/(m2*K). From the experimental results it could be seen that changing the core composition had a larger effect on the overall thermal conductivity of the sample than the added parameters of coating, getter agent, and heating had. These parameters, however, have had a substantial effect on the longevity of the vacuum inside the sample envelopes, and will thus be experimented further.

Report on the International Scientific Conference titled “Protection of Future Generations in Central Europe: Good Practices and Developments at Constitutional Level, and Current Challenges in the Legal Order” organized within the Framework of the Central European Professors’ Network (Miskolc, University of Miskolc, 24 November 2022)

The paper summarizes an international scientific conference devoted to the protection of future generations in Central Europe. The conference, which had a predominantly environmental legal focus, was meant to provide an overview of legal solutions in the Central European countries mainly on the constitutional level with the ultimate goal of safeguarding and preserving the environment. The event was organized by the Central European Academy on the premises of its parental organization, the University of Miskolc as part of a conference series organized within the framework of the Central European Professors’ Network program. The program aims to establish academic cooperation in the Central European region by creating various research groups focusing on the study and comparison of selected legal issues in the home countries of the research group members. The conference was held as an event connected to the activities of the research group responsible for the respective topic. The main aim of this paper is to concisely present the most important thoughts and ideas of the contributors.

Analytical review of the technical preparation of elite athletes who specialize in Judo according to the results of the "World Championship – 2022"

According to the results of the analysis of the scientific and methodological, special and reference literature, the members of the research group established, that the issue of qualitative and quantitative analysis of indicators of technical and tactical preparedness of highly qualified athletes who specialize in judo (wrestling sports) is dedicated to the insufficient number of scientific and methodological works, which requires further research and emphasizes the relevance and practical component of the chosen direction of scientific research.
 The main goal of the study is to analyze the technical and tactical arsenal of highly qualified judokas – the champions and medalists of the 2022 World Championship. The following methods were used during the theoretical research: abstraction, measurement, expert evaluation, survey, comparison, observation, etc.
 As a result of a theoretical study, the members of the scientific research group conducted an analysis of the technical and tactical arsenal of highly qualified judokas - champions and medalists of the 2022 World Championship (Tashkent, Uzbekistan). Analyzing the results of the theoretical research, it is advisable to modernize the existing programs (pedagogical models, organizational and pedagogical conditions, etc.) of long-term training of judokas (taking into account the stages of their long-term training), which should provide for: study by coaches and athletes of the theoretical provisions of the current rules of judo (with relevant innovations); introduction of modern and effective means of physical and special physical preparation into the educational and training process of judokas; organization of a system of physical therapy (ergotherapy) for judokas with the involvement of relevant specialists; optimization of indicators of technical and tactical preparedness of sportsmen; improvement of activity and efficiency of competitive actions; improvement of the subsystem of biochemical control, etc.
 The results of the research are incorporated into the system of long-term training of athletes who specialize in judo in the Dnipropetrovsk, Zaporizhzhia, and Kharkiv regions. Prospects for further research in the chosen field of scientific research include an analytical review of the technical and tactical preparedness of highly qualified female athletes who specialize in judo wrestling based on the results of their performance at the 2022 World Championship.

Reflections on a Cross-Border Collaborative Research Effort During COVID-19

This article shares the reflections of members of a Virginia Tech-based collaborative research group and their experiences sharing information across borders during the COVID-19 pandemic. We focus here on the methodology of our team-based or collaborative work, which has examined the roles of community-led newspapers and the arts in encouraging individual and collective agency in two of Rio de Janeiro’s favelas, Maré and Rocinha. By collectively reflecting on seven prompts, our research team members discuss how our collaboration has involved working together to produce knowledge toward shared goals, with shared labor, while remaining attuned to questions of voice and power.

Results of research and experimental verification of the pedagogical conditions of forming the readiness of coaches specializing in Martial arts for the application of tactical schemes in professional activities

According to the results of the monitoring of specialized Internet resources, as well as the analysis of scientific-methodical and reference literature, the members of the research group established, that the issue of developing and approving pedagogical conditions for training the readiness of trainers who specialize in Olympic and non-Olympic types of Martial arts to the application of tactical schemes in the system of long-term training of athletes who specialize in Martial arts – an insufficient number of scientific and methodological works is devoted, which requires further scientific investigations and emphasizes the relevance and practical component of the chosen research direction.
 The main goal of the study is the approbation of the pedagogical conditions for the formation of the readiness of Sambo wrestling and combat Sambo coaches to use tactical schemes in the system of long-term training of sportsmen and women who specialize in Martial arts. In the process of research and analytical work, the following methods were used: abstraction, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, modeling, mathematical and statistical (correlation analysis, factor analysis), etc.
 As a result of the empirical research, the members of the scientific research group developed and tested the pedagogical conditions for training the readiness of Sambo wrestling and combat Sambo coaches to use tactical schemes in the system of long-term training of sportsmen and women specializing in Martial arts. The obtained results indicate an increase in the individual tactical preparation of the trainers of the experimental group, which had a positive effect on the results of the performances of sportsmen and women who specialize in sambo wrestling (sports and combat divisions) at competitions of various ranks. The above emphasizes the high efficiency of the appropriate pedagogical conditions proposed by us.
 The results of the study are implemented in the system of self-education of trainers who specialize in Olympic and non- Olympic types of Martial arts. Separate results of empirical research are implemented in the system of training future coaches in Martial arts. Prospects for further research in the chosen field of scientific research include an analytical review of the technical and tactical preparedness of elite sambo wrestling athletes based on the results of the 2022 World Championship.

Determining the Minimum Dataset for Surgical Patients in Africa: A Delphi Study.

It is often difficult for clinicians in African low- and middle-income countries middle-income countries to access useful aggregated data to identify areas for quality improvement. The aim of this Delphi study was to develop a standardised perioperative dataset for use in a registry. A Delphi method was followed to achieve consensus on the data points to include in a minimum perioperative dataset. The study consisted of two electronic surveys, followed by an online discussion and a final electronic survey (four Rounds). Forty-one members of the African Perioperative Research Group participated in the process. Forty data points were deemed important and feasible to include in a minimum dataset for electronic capturing during the perioperative workflow by clinicians. A smaller dataset consisting of eight variables to define risk-adjusted perioperative mortality rate was also described. The minimum perioperative dataset can be used in a collaborative effort to establish a resource accessible to African clinicians in improving quality of care.

In Memoriam: Anil K. Bidani, MD.

In Memoriam: Anil K. Bidani, MD.

The results of the research and experimental verification of the occupational therapy program for athletes of older age groups (Masters) who specialize in Sambo wrestling with chronic injuries of the ankle joints

According to the results of the analysis of scientific and methodological, special and reference literature, the members of the research group established, that the issue of introducing effective techniques of kinesiological taping into the occupational therapy system of veteran athletes who specialize in martial arts to date, an insufficient number of scientific and methodical works have been devoted to it, which requires further scientific investigations and emphasizes the relevance and practical component of the chosen direction of research. The main goal of the study is the approbation of the occupational therapy program for athletes who specialize in sambo wrestling (veteran athletes of "Masters" in the age group of 45-49 years) with the use of kinesiological taping at the stage of recovery after inflammation of chronic injuries of the ankle joints. In the process of research and analytical work, the following methods were used: abstraction, analysis and synthesis, induction (deduction), modeling, mathematical and statistical (correlation analysis, factor analysis), etc. As a result of an empirical study, the members of the scientific research group tested the program of occupational therapy for sambo wrestling veterans in the age group of 45-49 years, with an accented use of kinesiological taping tools at the stage of recovery after inflammation of chronic injuries of the ankle joints. Summarizing the results obtained at the end of the pedagogical experiment are established, that the occupational therapy program we proposed contributed to the accelerated recovery of veteran sambo wrestlers’ athletes with injuries (chronic inflammations) feet, as well as ankle joints. This, in turn, ensured the optimization of their educational and training load, as well as contributed to the increase in the indicators of competitive activity. Analyzing the indicators of the competitive activity of the participants of the pedagogical experiment, it is reasonable to state that, that the introduction of modern methods (techniques) of kinesiological taping into the system of occupational therapy of veteran sambo wrestlers (45-49 years old) ensured: improvement of blood circulation and lymph flow; reduction (stopping) of pain; stimulation of muscle hypotonus (relaxation of hypertonic muscles); protection of muscles from overload; reduction of inflammatory processes and protection and stabilization of ankle joints, etc. Prospects for further research in the chosen field of scientific research include the selection and testing of modern technical training tools with computer technologies that ensure the formation of the readiness of veteran sambo wrestlers for competitive activities.

My Experiences with the North American Primary Care Research Group: A Reflection from an Emerging Primary Care Researcher.

As an early career medical educator and a relatively new member of the North American Primary Care Research Group, and as an emerging researcher, author would like to share his experiences with NAPCRG using the 5 Ws to mark the organization's 50th Anniversary.

Psychedelic Psychiatry

The last decade has seen a remarkable resurgence of interest in psychedelic drugs such as psilocybin (from magic mushrooms) LSD and DMT (dimethyl tryptamine – the active ingredient of ayahuasca). This has been driven by the discovery that these psychedelics all act agonists of 5-HT2A receptors. Human imaging studies have revealed this action leads to profound alterations in brain measures of activity particularly in terms of increased entropy of EEG MEG and fMRI signals and reduced within-network, but increased between-network, connectivity. In addition they all can increase synaptic growth and brain plasticity. These findings not only explain the subjective nature of the psychedelic experience but also have implications for the treatment of internalising disorders such as depression addiction anorexia and OCD that are characterised by increased within network connectivity especially of the default mode network. Subsequent trials, particularly of psilocybin, in these disorders has revealed significant clinical benefits from even just a single administration. A number of companies have now been set up to extend these discoveries with regulatory-level trials that could result in market authorisations within a few years. My talk will explore these brain mechanisms and clinical data and discuss the potential place of psychedelic medicine in the future of psychiatry.DisclosureI am an advisor to Compass pathways and Beckley Psytec two companies that are developing psychedelics for depression and other psychiatric indications. Several members of my research group receive support from these companies and also from Small Pharma.

Starting a C. elegans Research Laboratory: Practical Advice.

This chapter provides practical guidance for scientists starting or reorganizing a C. elegans research group. This includes advice on joining the C. elegans community, on setting up the laboratory for C. elegans work, and on putting into place effective strategies for running a productive and inclusive research group. Also discussed are strategies for managing the group, standard practices in the C. elegans field, lists of resources, and several sample handouts for new research group members.

НАУЧНЫЙ ВКЛАД Л.В. КУЗНЕЦОВОЙ В РАЗВИТИЕ САМАРСКОЙ АРХЕОЛОГИИ И МУЗЕЙНОГО ДЕЛА

The article is dedicated to the jubilee of the outstanding archaeologist, leading specialist in the field of studying Paleolithic of the Volga region, Liudmila Vasilievna Kuznetsova. After graduating from the Kuibyshev (Samara) State University, she became a member of the university scientific research group No 7, which was engaged in security and rescue works in the construction zones of various facilities. In the 1985, after being a post-graduate in the Leningrad branch of the Institute of Archaeology of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (now the Institute of the History of Material Culture of the Russian Academy of Sciences) she defended her Candidate of History thesis “Paleolithic of the Middle and Lower Volga Region”. Since 1992, she works at the Samara Museum for History and Regional Studies named after P.V. Alabin, the director of which she has been for more than two decades. The article describes the scientific, administrative and pedagogical activities of Liudmila V. Kuznetsova.

Adult height in relation to the risk of colorectal cancer among the Japanese population: an evaluation based on systematic review and meta-analysis.

The association between adult-attained height and risk of colorectal cancer remains elusive among the Japanese population. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies in Japan. We systematically searched the MEDLINE (PubMed) and Ichushi databases and complemented it with manual search to identify eligible studies. We extracted relative risks or odds ratios from the selected studies and conducted meta-analysis to estimate the summary relative risk with 95% confidence interval. We made the final judgment based on a consensus of the research group members considering both epidemiological evidence and biological plausibility. This systematic review identified four cohort and one case-control studies among the Japanese. The meta-analysis of these five studies showed the summary relative risk of 1.21 (95% confidence interval: 1.07-1.35) of overall colorectal cancer for the highest vs. lowest categories of height. In the analysis by the cancer subsite, the association was significant for colon cancer with a summary relative risk of 1.26 (95% confidence interval: 1.10-1.45) but not for rectal cancer 1.05 (95% confidence interval: 0.71-1.54). In the analysis by sex, tall stature was associated with a significantly increased risk of overall colorectal cancer in both sexes; the summary relative risk was 1.21 (95% confidence interval: 1.04-1.41) in men and 1.20 (95% confidence interval: 1.00-1.44) in women, respectively. The evidence to support that adult-attained height is associated with increased risk of colorectal cancer (colon cancer) among the Japanese population is 'probable'.

EP.TU.520ISC0Re Begins: An independent research group for junior doctors

Abstract Research is often a difficult component of training for many surgical trainees and junior medical officers (JMOs) wanting to apply for surgical training in Australia. In 2014, we established an independent research group called Institute of Surgical Collaboration for Research (ISCoRe) to develop a research culture amongst surgical trainees and junior medical officers (JMOs). The group was chaired by an unaccredited surgical registrar with a strong interest in surgical research and a general surgeon with a wealth of experience in presentations and publications in an advisory role. Being a small independent research group allows us to work very closely with JMOs and surgical trainees to identify their career interests, coming up with research topics and ideas and guiding the research group members through the process of data collection, analysis, writing up abstracts and submitting abstracts to conferences. We have had a good initial success with the research output from the group, with multiple research abstracts accepted and presented in various international conferences in our first two years of the formation of the group. However, being an independent group does have its disadvantages. The biggest challenges we face involve manpower and financial support. We are hopeful that by training up JMOs who have been with us for one or two years, they will in turn be able to help us guide new group members.

The Power of Unrequited Love: The Parasocial Relationship, Trust, and Organizational Identification Between Middle-Level Managers and CEOs.

Previous studies have found that CEOs manage their firms through traditional methods such as leadership and management practices. In this study, we investigate how the parasocial relationship (PSR) between middle-level managers and CEOs affects the organizational trust and the organizational identification (OI) of middle managers. We find that the PSR between middle managers and CEOs has a positive effect on the OI of middle managers, which is mediated by the organizational trust of middle managers.Purpose: Middle managers and CEOs are the key components of a firm and are crucial to firm strategies and control systems. Middle managers play a vital role in information transmission like in the organizational hierarchy while CEOs influence low-level employees through middle managers. In this study, we investigate how the PSR between middle managers and CEOs affects organizational trust and OI.Design/Methodology: In this study, the data concerning OI, integrity perception, and organizational trust are derived from a survey conducted by the internal control research group of the China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC). The research group began the survey on September 5, 2014, for the firms listed in the A-share market, accounting firms with securities and future practice qualifications, and institutional investors through the accounting department of the CSRC, the Shanghai Stock Exchange, the Shenzhen Stock Exchange, and the Asset Management Association of China. The research group members surveyed 2,536 A-share firms listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange and Shenzhen Stock Exchange. As of October 31, 2014, 2,154 sets of questionnaires with a total of 12,551 questionnaires were received, with a response rate of 84.95%. The financial and accounting data are from the China Stock Market and Accounting Research (CSMAR) database.Findings: We find that the PSR between middle managers and CEOs has a positive effect on the OI of middle managers, which is mediated by the organizational trust of middle managers. This study extends the application of the parasocial interaction (PSI) theory, organizational trust theory, and social identity theory in listed firms.Practical Implication: There are practical implications for internal relationship management, corporate governance, and performance management. CEOs should value the influence of organizational trust and improve his/her own social and work abilities on middle-level managers as the organizational trust of middle-level managers has a significant positive impact on their sense of responsibility, ethical behavior, organizational commitment, job satisfaction, and performance. CEOs should adopt various methods to influence different managers because organizational trust mediates the relationship between the PSR and OI.Originality/Value: Our study is one of the first attempts to apply the PSI theory to the corporate world. Given the dynamics of present-day markets and changing stakeholder demands, there is little insight into how this relationship affects organizational health and functioning. Much less what a PSR between CEO and middle management looks like in practice. Our study attempts to fill the gap by investigating how CEOs might come to affect middle managers through their practices and behaviors.

Catching Fire: Are Operating Room Fires a Concern in Orthopedics?

Operating room (OR) fires are considered "never events," but approximately 650 events occur annually in the United States. Our aim was to detail fires occurring during orthopedic procedures via a questionnaire because of the limited information present on this topic. A 25-question survey on witnessing surgical fires, hospital policies on surgical fires, and surgeons' perspective on OR fires was sent to 617 orthopedic surgeons in 18 institutions whose residency program is a member of the Collaborative Orthopaedic Educational Research Group. The response rate was 28%, with 172 surgeons having completed the survey. Twelve of the 172 orthopedic surgeons surveyed reported witnessing at least 1 surgical fire in an OR setting. Electrocautery was the leading ignition source, causing fires in 7 events. A saw, laser, and light source were reported to have caused 1 fire each. Regarding fuel source for the fires, bone cement was a common culprit (n = 4), followed by gauze (n = 3). Oxygen delivery to patients was via a closed system in most cases (n = 9). No patient harm was reported in any of these cases.Just under half of the respondents (47.7%) reported not receiving any formal OR fire prevention or response training. The most common answer for frequency of concern about a surgical fire was "never" (42.4%). Fires pose a risk in surgery, even in an orthopedics setting. Room oxygen can supply enough oxidizing power for a fire to occur, especially with the ubiquitous nature of ignition sources and fuels in the OR. Prevention is key with these events. Operating room personnel education must be sought, and surgeons should be mindful of the fire components in the OR.

Efectos de una intervención escolar en la actividad física, el tiempo de sueño, el tiempo de pantalla y la dieta en niños

Multiple health-risk behaviors such as physical inactivity, sedentary behaviors or unhealthy diet represent a public health problem among adolescents. The aim of this study is to examine the effects of a school-based intervention on 24-hour movement behaviors (i.e., physical activity, screen-based behaviors, and sleep), Mediterranean diet, and self-rated health status. A quasi-experimental design has been carried out for two months and a half in a sample of 121 children, aged 8-9 years (M=9.01± .09 years old; 47.11% girls), from two elementary schools. Sixty-six students from one of the schools has been assigned to the control group and 55 students from the other school has been included in the experimental group. In the experimental group, ten one-hour weekly sessions about knowledge, awareness, and practices of health-related behaviors have been implemented by a research group member through the tutorial action plan. 24-hour movement behaviors, Mediterranean diet, and self-rated health status has been measured before and after the school-based intervention using self-reported questionnaires. Experimental group children show a significant increase in adherence to the Mediterranean diet and being physically active during the weekdays compared to their baseline values. Moreover, the greater baseline values in the adherence to the Mediterranean diet, as well as being physically active during weekend days in the control group, disappear between both groups after the intervention. Ten one-hour sessions of a school-based intervention conducted through the tutorial action plan seem effective in improving children's adherence to the Mediterranean diet and the proportion of active children, but not other health-related behaviors.

Placing women in Cytogenetics: Lore Zech and the chromosome banding technique

BackgroundScholars agree that Torbjörn Caspersson’s lab at the Institute of Medical Cell Research and Genetics at the Karolinska Institute, Sweden, played a key role in the first description of the so-called Q-banding technique. It laid the foundation for a new era of cytogenetic diagnostics and had a lasting impact in several areas of biology and medicine.MethodsBased on a mixed-method approach, essential aspects of the history of human cytogenetics are considered via primary and secondary analysis of biographical interviews as well as the qualitative evaluation of bibliometrics. Drawing on interviews with colleagues of lab member Lore Zech (1923–2013) and contemporary publications, this paper illuminates the role of and contribution by Zech: To what extent is the discovery attached to her and what does her legacy look like today?ResultsThe analysis of the contemporary witness interviews with colleagues, students and junior researchers shows that Lore Zech was a committed member of Caspersson's research group. In addition, memoirs by contemporary colleagues describe her outstanding skills in microscopy. The different sources paint a multifaceted picture. In addition to the historians' patterns of interpretation, different legacies can also be found within the peer group.ConclusionsWe argue that Zech represent the type of scientist who, although her research was acknowledged with several prizes, so far has not been part of the canon of pioneers of international cytogenetics.