Members Of National Minorities Research Articles

Zdravstvene razlike u Republici Hrvatskoj− prikaz odabranih ranjivih skupina

Health is considered one of the fundamental human rights. Health equity means that every person should be able to reach their full health potential and that no member of any group should be at a disadvantage in achieving that potential. Unfortunately, health differences between different social groups are present in all European countries, including the Republic of Croatia. A health vulnerable group is one that is exposed to health disparities due to lack of resources and/or increased exposure to social risk. In this paper, some of the health vulnerable groups in the Republic of Croatia are singled out – persons of lower socioeconomic status, the elderly, members of national minorities, and members of gender and sexual minorities. In the final part, recommendations for the improvement of practice and proposals for future scientific research are presented, aiming to increase health equity and reduce health disparities. Key words: the right to health; health justice; vulnerable groups; minority groups

The Ties that Bind: Kymlicka and the Problem of Political Unity in Multination States

As asserted by Will Kymlicka, the recognition and accommodation of national minorities leads to a dilemma. Indeed, if denying them these rights can contribute to their willingness to secede, allowing them to self-govern can also ultimately lead to the weakening of their ties with the state in which they are integrated. This tension well described in Kymlicka’s Multicultural Citizenship and in his later works remains nonetheless without an explicit solution. This text addresses this question by suggesting that the dialogical dynamic behind the recognition and accommodation of national minorities hides a purely political patriotism stemming from the neo-republican tradition that is complementary to the nationalist sense of attachment that members of national minorities will inevitably come to feel toward their societal culture.

Колабораціонізм русинів й українців Хорватії під час сербсько-хорватської війни (1991–1995)

Колабораціонізм русинів й українців Хорватії під час сербсько-хорватської війни (1991–1995)

Право на здійснення релігійних обрядів під час проходження військової служби представниками національних меншин Російської імперії (ХІХ – поч. ХХ ст.)

Voitsekhivska D. Yu. The right to perform religious rites during military service by representativesof national minorities of the Russian Empire (XIX – early XX centuries). – Article.The problem of formation and realization of the right to perform religious rites by representatives of nationalminorities of the Russian Empire during their military service is considered in the article.The article examines the evolution of the tsarist government’s policy of extending military service to thelargest non-Orthodox national minorities living in the southern Ukrainian lands of the Russian Empire. It issubstantiated that during the XIX century. there is a gradual reduction of previously granted privileges relatedto release from military service and an increase in the number of servicemen who did not belong to the Orthodoxfaith. This, in turn, forces the government to regulate religious relations in the armed forces.Based on the analysis of the legal framework, the main groups of legally enshrined religious rights of servicemenare characterized, which are: to take an oath in the presence of a clergyman of their religion, to performrites determined by their faith, to visit religious institutions, the right of admittance to military units of ecclesiasticsandorganization of places of worship by them, etc. Adhering to the proclaimed principle of religious tolerance,the tsarist government extended these norms to representatives of all officially recognized denominations.The analysis of the practice of religious rights realization of servicemen in the XIX – early XX century wascarried out. There are facts that testify the successful exercise of religious rights and freedoms of servicemen,as well as the existence of restrictions and prohibitions on the right to perform religious rites by membersof national minorities during their military service. The state policy on the issue of granting legal statusto military priests of non-Orthodox denominations is analyzed, its inconsistent and contradictory characteris determined.

Proper names and minority language laws in Slovakia

Abstract The use of official proper names is regulated by laws that contribute to the social codification and standardization of propria registration. The paper deals with minority language laws concerning the use of proper names of national minorities in Slovakia. The author gives an overview of the laws, or more precisely paragraphs dealing with the use of official anthroponyms, toponyms and names of institutions. In Slovakia, the largest national minority is Hungarian, so the paper gives examples of using the proper names of Hungarians living in Slovakia, that is, from Slovak-Hungarian bilingual municipalities. In an ethnically mixed environment, the variability of the forms of propria increases, since in the official (and non-official) sphere, proper names can be used not only in the state language, but also in the minority language. In bilingual municipalities, bilingual toponyms and names of institutions appear in both languages. Members of national minorities have the option of entering a personal name in the Register Offices in their mother tongue. Minority proper names fulfil an ethno-identification function, they are a source of individual and collective identity.

Minderheiten und Minderheitenschutz in Frankreich

The official French state doctrine denies the existence of national minorities in French territory. One assumes a homogeneous nation (nation homogène). French is the only official language in France. The enforcement of the French language was extremely important for the success of centralization, since minorities often define themselves through their common language. Nevertheless, linguists estimated that there are still almost 80 regional languages spoken in France! - Minorities include the Flemish, Alsatian, Lorraine, Breton, Basque, Catalonian and Corsican. The people living in Occitania are also characterized by cultural and linguistic common ground. The Départments d’Outre-Mer contain a variety of regional minorities. Most people are Creoles. - French law does not know the concept of a minority. This is a consequence of the centralist thinking that has always shaped the French legal system. Since France does not recognize a minority in its territory, there is no explicit protection against discrimination for - linguistic and cultural - minorities and there are no special regulations in the right to vote for parties or members of national minorities or ethnic groups. A specialty applies only to Corsica. An autonomy statute was created for this island.

Колективізація і Голодомор 1932–1933 рр. на Дніпропетровщині в етнонаціональному вимірі

The state of studying the problem is analyzed. It is revealed that the bulk of the research considers it in the all-Ukrainian context. Because of this, the tragic events in the ethno-national plane remain poorly trained. In the works on the history of national minorities, this problem is subordinate. There is an extremely limited range of works devoted to the state policy during the period of collectivization and in 1932-1933 among national minorities at the regional level, the role of local leaders in its implementation, the peculiarities of its implementation in the national regions, the consequences of those tragic events for their population. This also applies to Dnipropetrovsk region, where from the ХVІІІ century. Five ethnic minorities lived compactly: Bulgarians, Greeks, Jews, Germans and Russians, at the beginning. 1930s concentrated in 9 national districts. It is noted that within the framework of the policy of collectivization proclaimed at the end of the 1920’s, similar measures began to be implemented in all the national districts of the Dnipropetrovsk region. The system of forms and methods of coercion of peasants, used by local managers to stimulate peasants to accelerate the arrival of peasants to collective farms, is shown. It was found that they were more intense and brutal in national regions compared with other regions of the region. It is noted that this precisely led to the completion of collectivization in the scheduled Union Center term. Different ways of resistance of peasants are revealed. Particular attention is paid to the kind of resistance, such as emigration, that is unusual for other national categories of the population of the village of the republic. It is shown with an indication of a significant list of names of specific settlements of the national districts of the oblast, in the form of withdrawing from the state the bread, forms of coercion to do so. Details are described such as bringing to the «black boards» the prosecution of heads and boards of collective farms. It is shown that such methods have led to famine and death from it in the winter of 1932-1933 in all the national districts of the region. However, the regional and district leadership ignored this situation. Such behavior of the leaders led to the use of various sorts of surrogates, meat of dogs, cats, reptiles, dead animals, and cannibalism by peasants. Some members of national minorities, mostly of German nationality, received food aid from their historical homeland. It began to arrive as early as December 1932. It is noted that the Soviet authorities were opposed to such aid by the leadership of the German national districts, because peasants are writing about the famine. It is shown that the campaign to рр.син against «Hitler’s help» has grown into a campaign to find «fascist organizations». It is showed results of this campaign in the area. In the ethno-demographic context, the materials «Books of memory of the victims of the Holodomor of 1932–1933 in Ukraine are used. Dnipropetrovsk region», where they are based on the percentage of the dead from national minorities in rural areas and in the cities of the oblast.

Vulnerability assessment of population in mountain settlements exposed to debris flow: a case study on Qipan gully, Wenchuan County, China

This research selected the Qipan gully as a study area for field investigation. The vulnerability of the population to debris flows in Qipan gully was assessed. Several valuation factors were considered such as family size, age structure, the physical condition of its members, ethnic characteristics, culture level, and distance to known debris flow events. A self-organizing map (SOM) approach was used in order to prevent man-made subjective factors in influencing evaluation index weights. MATLAB and ArcGIS were employed to determine the degree of population vulnerability to debris flow disaster. Population vulnerability of Qipan gully basin was mainly identified on densely populated places. The highest vulnerability was observed in a debris flow ditch mouth, which decreased to surrounding areas. Areas with extremely high-vulnerability and high-vulnerability degree featured a small percentage of the total area of the gully, with 3.52% and 4.90%, respectively. Extremely low-vulnerability and low-vulnerability degree areas exhibited high percentages of 22.98% and 60.06%, respectively. The analysis of the SOM U-matrix and the 18 variable planes hints that higher population vulnerabilities are related to medium or large families, with members of national minorities, primary education, and within 300 m to the debris flow gully. Age structure and members physical condition posed certain effects, but the degree of influence was low for this case study. The results can be used as a reference for reducing casualties in Qipan gully.

Slovenian Example of Bilingual Primary Education

In the last 50 years, models of bilingual education with members of national minorities have been at the centre of political, social, and economic debates. Education is an important area where two languages systematically meet. This article introduces researches already made on the planning and performing classes in bilingual primary schools and presents bilingual model used in Slovene primary schools. Performing bilingual primary education in Slovenia is a challenge for teachers because they demand special organization and content to achieve their goals. Bilingual education belongs to the two-way model of preserving two languages and cultures. Bilingual classes are attended by students of two nationalities and mother tongues. Both languages are taught and have an equal status in all subjects. At the same time, both languages have an equal position as means of spoken and written communication inside and outside of the school.

De iure potvrđenost multikulturalnog karaktera AP Vojvodine - kritički prikaz (ne)postojećih normativnih nadležnosti autonomne pokrajine u oblasti manjinskih prava

The Constitution of the Republic of Serbia from 2006 grants the autonomous province to determine additional rights of members of national minorities by provincial regulations, under the law and in accordance with the Constitution. The main topic of this paper is how this competence has been realized in practice; or in other words, whether the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina has succeeded in preserving its national, cultural and historical specialties through an active norm-making, even with lack of legislative power, and whether the national legislator has been a partner and provided an adequate framework for this activity. Because the Constitutional Court was dealing with these issues from different perspectives, particular attention is devoted to its rulings and contradictory interpretations, concerning the legal borders of the role/autonomy of the province in saving, promoting and developing its de facto multicultural character. The goal of the paper is to provide a descriptive overview, together with a critical analysis of competences of the AP of Vojvodina in the field of minority education, culture, media and official use of minority languages, with special focus on normative opportunity of the autonomous province in accordance with the valid legal framework and Constitutional Court practice.

Jan Baudouin de Courtenay o kwestii narodowości

Jan Baudouin de Courtenay on the Problem of NationalityThe great Polish linguist Jan Baudouin de Courtenay spoke many times of the issue of nationality and problems related to it. He stated concisely: “If one strictly abides by the freedom of conscience and respect for human dignity, one may consciously not include oneself in any nationality, as well as one may consciously include oneself in and emotionally belong to two or more nationalities.” In tsarist times he promoted the idea of federalization of the Russian empire and granting autonomy to other nationalities; in independent Poland he defended the rights of national minorities. Thanks to his bold and consistent attitude, de Courtenay gained great respect among people. In 1922 he was nominated by members of national minorities as a candidate for the president of Poland. De Courtenay was particularly sensitive to confusing the concepts of nationality and citizenship.

ZAPISOVANIE SLOVENSKÝCH PRIEZVISK V SLOVENSKOM A V SRBSKOM KONTEXTE

V práci sme výskum zamerali na zapisovanie slovenských priezvisk v srbskom kontexte. V súčasnosti je medzi vojvodinskými Slovákmi aktuálnym problémom prepis slovenských priezvisk do srbčiny. V príspevku sme sa zamerali na transkribovanie niektorých slovenských grafém do srbčiny. Naznačili sme rozdiely pri transkribovaní, ktoré sa uvádzajú v normatívnych príručkách a ako je to v praxi. Uviedli sme aj zapisovanie slovenských mien a priezvisk do úradných dokladov v srbskom jazyku. V druhej časti sme sa zamerali na tvorenie prechýlených podôb nielen slovenských priezvisk, ale aj inojazykových v slovenskom kontexte a prípadné odklony. Mužské priezviská majú najčastejšie formu substantív ako pomenovaní samostatne existujúcich substancií. Len zriedka majú adjektívnu podobu. Ženské priezviská majú všetky formu privlastňovacieho prídavného mena na -ova/-ová/-a. V ďalšej časti v príspevku sme sa zamerali na používanie priezvisk v slovenskom kontexte v každodennej praxi.

Measurement Equivalence Across Subnational Groups: An Analysis of the Conception of Nationhood in Switzerland

Because of their higher status, members of national majorities (e.g., linguistic, ethnic, or religious) are likely to develop a stronger sense of ownership of the nation than members of national minorities (Sidanius, Feshbach, Levin, & Pratto, 1997), which is reflected in a stronger attachment to the nation as a whole (e.g., Staerklé, Sidanius, Green, & Molina, 2010). Accordingly, members of national majorities are expected to hold a stricter conception of nationhood, that is, to be stricter regarding who should or should not belong to the national community (Kunovich, 2009). Based on data from two large surveys (European Social Survey [ESS] 2002 and International Social Survey Programme [ISSP] 2003), the present study tests this expectation by comparing conceptions of nationhood across the two largest linguistic subnational groups in Switzerland. However, observed differences between the groups can either reflect substantive differences or result from measurement artifacts, as distinctive features of the subnational groups (e.g., different languages; Davidov & De Beuckelaer, 2010) may impact the measurement itself. Therefore, measurement equivalence should be tested for before undertaking substantive mean comparisons (e.g., Steenkamp & Baumgartner, 1998). Although measurement equivalence testing is frequently carried out in cross-national studies (e.g., Davidov, 2009; Reeskens & Hooghe, 2010), it is rarely established when comparing data drawn from distinct national subgroups within countries (see, however, Billiet, 2003; Billiet, Maddens, & Beerten, 2003). Thus, this study has both a substantive and a methodological rationale: Beyond testing the assumption that members of national majorities hold a stricter conception of nationhood than members of national minorities, it aims at illustrating the necessary steps of analysis—using exploratory and multigroup confirmatory factor analyses—for conducting valid latent mean comparisons across subnational groups.

'Full and effective equality' of the members of national minorities in political life: An addendum to interpretation of international standards

The paper analyzes the whole system of legal norms regulating the electoral matter in order to determine the actual scope of the implementation of international standards 'full and effective equality' of members of national minorities in the political life in Serbia. Sufficiency of the measures of positive discrimination in electoral law of the Republic of Serbia is focused on two questions. The first question relates to the regulation of the number of signatures required for the determination and declaration of election lists. The second question relates to the applicability of legal electoral threshold or minimum requirements in terms of the number of votes which must be received for participating in the distribution of seats in case of parties of national minorities. There were very serious differences about these issues in practice and it also had the practical consequences. Legal rules in the election matter only know the exclusion of legal electoral threshold in the final stage of the selection process as a measure of positive discrimination. This is the sufficient measure by which the members of national minorities could be put on an equal position with members of the national majority in the race to win seats.

Law on the Rights of Members of National Minorities* 10 July 2001†

Law on the Rights of Members of National Minorities* 10 July 2001†

A Strange Alliance: Isaiah Berlin and the Liberalism of the Fringes

This paper is a homage to Isaiah Berlin. It argues that Berlin's philosophy has preceded many of the present discussions concerning liberalism-culturalism. In an age in which most liberal philosophers ignored the importance of belonging, of member-ship, identity, cultural affiliations and historical continuity, Berlin stands out as a welcome exception. His philosophy is therefore fresh and innovative as it was in the sixties and seventies when it was written. It carries within it the germs of the liberalism of the fringes advocated nowadays by members of national minorities, immigrants, women, and gays, the kind of liberalism which fits well the politics of identity and recognition.

National Dissent in the Soviet Union: The Crimean Tatar Case

If those interested in Soviet affairs were to confine their reading to the official Soviet press, they would perhaps conclude that all is quiet behind the Soviet front. However since a large body of underground literature has reached the West in recent years, observers have learned of numerous protest activities against the Soviet regime by various groups in the USSR. We know, for example, that liberal intellectuals are criticizing the Soviet leadership for its rigid control over the literary and scientific life of the country. Various religious groups are protesting against the closure of churches, imprisonment of believers, and restrictions on baptisms, proselyting, and religious instruction of the young. Similarly, certain members of national minorities are demanding more linguistic, educational, and cultural autonomy for their nations. Some of these minority nationalities, such as the Jews, Volga Germans, and Meskhi, have formed repatriation movements in order to obtain permission to settle in those areas which they regard as their homelands.