In the Nd-Ba-Cu-O system, a directional structure produced by a peritectic reaction has been observed. On heating, the sintered Nd1Ba2Cu3O6+δ (Ndl23) precursor formed a rod-like directional structure of Nd4Ba2Cu2O10 (Nd422) phase. These Nd422 rods became thicker from the melting interface to the solidified interface. The [100] direction of Nd422 crystal is parallel to the axis of Nd422 rod and the sample pulling direction. Moreover, Nd422 rod spacing was observed as a function of growth rate and decreased with an increase of growth rate. In addition, with an increase of growth rate, Ndl23 solidified interface morphologies changed from planar, cellular to equiaxed.