Melon Crops Research Articles

Changes in Visual and Olfactory Cues in Virus-Infected Host Plants Alter the Behavior of Bemisia tabaci

The cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus (CCYV) has caused serious damage to melon crops in many countries in recent years. This plant virus is exclusively transmitted by the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) in a semi-persistent mode. Previous studies have shown that both persistent and non-persistent viruses can affect the orientation and performance of insect vectors, through changing host phenotype or interacting with insect vectors directly to facilitate the spread of viruses. However, how CCYV affects host-plant selection by B. tabaci has not been reported. In this study, we investigated the visual and olfactory preferences of B. tabaci between healthy and CCYV-infected host plants Cucumis sativus (Cucurbitaceae). Volatile profiles of healthy and CCYV-infected C. sativus plants were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In the choice assay, whiteflies preferred to settle on CCYV-infected C. sativus seedlings. However, the concentrations of total volatiles and terpenes in C. sativus plants decreased after CCYV infection. Interestingly, in the Y-tube assay and vision preference test, whitefly B. tabaci adults showed significant visual preference to CCYV-infected host but showed olfactory preference to healthy plants. These results indicated that CCYV infection in plants differently affected the visual and olfactory-mediated orientation behaviors of vector whiteflies and implied that visual cues could play a more important role than olfactory cues in whiteflies in locating CCYV-infected host plants.

Management of red pumpkin beetle, Aulacophora foveicollis (Lucas) with traditional method of dusting with dung ash in cucurbits

Efficacy of dung ash was evaluated against red pumpkin beetle in cucumber, musk melon and bottle gourd crops during 2018 and 2019 at Entomological Research Farm, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. After germination, dung ash was dusted on plants 1, 2, 3 and 4 times at weekly interval. Significant decline in adult population in all the treatments was observed as compared to control. Lowest mean adult population was observed in plots which were dusted with ash three to four times at weekly interval and higher percentage reduction compared to control in these treatments was observed. In all the three crops, highest mortality of plants was observed in control during both the years. With three dung ash applications given at weekly interval, an additional yield of 84.33, 98.85 and 254.40 q/ha was obtained in cucumber, musk melon and bottle gourd, respectively. The net return over control with dung ash treatments was also found better in all the three crops. Based on this study, it is concluded that red pumpkin beetle can be managed effectively with dusting of dung ash on the plants 3-4 times at weekly interval. This management technique has the prospective to be utilised as an alternate to harmful chemical insecticides in IPM programmes.

Evaluation of the breeding material of melon for resistance to powdery mildew and anthracnose

Melon, as a melon crop, is cultivated in many countries of the world, and is highly valued for its dietary and nutritional qualities. Melon's susceptibility to fungal diseases drastically reduces the yield and taste of the melon. In the zone of the Volgograd Trans-Volga region, melon is mainly affected by anthracnose and powdery mildew. Obtaining samples with complex resistance to these diseases solves the problem of production and product quality. Complex resistance was determined by artificial infection of melon plants, as well as in natural conditions. 4 hybrid combinations of melons were studied against the background of the standard cultivar Osen. As a result of the research, a hybrid combination of melon Dune × Ponap (Japan) F1 was isolated, which showed complex resistance both under artificial infection and in natural conditions.

Weed control in melon with preemergence herbicides

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the effectiveness and selectivity of herbicides applied at preemergence to the melon (Cucumis melo) crop. The experiments were carried out from 2017 to 2018, in a randomized complete block design, with four replicates, in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. The treatments consisted of the preemergence application of: 35 g ha-1 a.i. flumioxazin, 25 g ha-1 a.i. flumioxazin, 250 g ha-1 a.i. sulfentrazone, 480 g ha-1 a.i. metribuzin, 240 g ha-1 a.i. oxyfluorfen, 240 g ha-1 a.i. oxyfluorfen + 960 g ha-1 a.i. S-metolachlor, 360 g ha-1 a.i. clomazone, and 360 g ha-1 a.i. clomazone + 240 g ha-1 a.i. oxyfluorfen; in 2018, metribuzin did not show selectivity and was substituted by 480 g ha-1 a.i. ametryn and 1,600 g ha-1 a.i. diuron. Fruit yield and quality, as well as weed control and dry mass, were evaluated. The metribuzin, ametryn, and diuron herbicides caused melon plant death. The best efficiency in weed control was obtained with the mixture clomazone + oxyfluorfen, followed by oxyfluorfen, oxyfluorfen + S-metolachlor, and clomazone. The treatments with oxyfluorfen, oxyfluorfen + S-metolachlor, and clomazone + oxyfluorfen were not considered selective. Clomazone was the only selective herbicide in the two years of evaluation and can be an alternative for weed control in melon crops.

Phenotyping of varieties of "Collections of genetic resources of rice, vegetable and melon crops" according to the technological characteristics of grain in connection with the developmentof breeding technology for the creation of rice varieties with high nutritional quality of grain

Phenotyping of varieties of "Collections of genetic resources of rice, vegetable and melon crops" according to the technological characteristics of grain in connection with the developmentof breeding technology for the creation of rice varieties with high nutritional quality of grain

Accumulation of Heavy Metals in Agricultural Crops and Ecological Series of Crops Placement

The accumulation of toxic elements in vegetables and melons grown in agriculture, Brassica rapa - turnip, Solanum lycopersicum - tomato, Citrullus lanatus - watermelon, Capsicum annuum - bell pepper, Daucus carota - carrots, Cucurbita pepo - pumpkin, Cucumis melo - melon, and also Prunus armeniaca - apricot from fruit trees were analyzed. The excess of maximum allowable concentrations in agricultural crops of the element As by 1.65-1.75, Cd - 1.6-2.3, Cr -1.2-2.35, Cu -1.6-3.3, Ni - 1.16-3.53, Pb - 1.54-3.08, Al - 1.36-3.5, Sb - 2.0-33, Se - 1.1-3.3 times was established. The maximum allowable concentration of mercury in vegetables and melons was equal to 0.02 mg/kg, and in the chosen plants this indicator was close to the maximum allowable concentration (MAC). An ecological series of vegetable and melon crops (tomatoes → pumpkin → turnips → bell peppers → melons → watermelons → carrots) has been developed for their placement on fields contaminated with heavy metals Se, As, Pb, Cd, Zn, included in the first class in terms of the degree of danger to human health, while Ni, Cu, Cr metals were from the second class, and metal Mn from the third class. Agricultural crops in the ecological series are placed in inverse proportion to the regularities of the hyper accumulation of heavy metals in them.

Graphene oxide: a promising material for the germination of melon seeds under salinity stress

It is well-known that salinity is an important adverse environmental factor (abiotic stresses) that limits plant growth, development, and productivity all over the world. Herein, we report for the first time the use of graphene oxide (GO) as a promising material against the salinity stress using melon (Cucumis melo L.) seeds as the model crop. GO as a priming material possesses various advantages such as being highly water-soluble, nontoxic, producible on a large scale from graphite, and low-cost over the existing materials. In this study, we identified the effect of different GO doses (0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.0 mg/mL) on seed germination of melon (Cucumis melo L. cvs. 'Hasanbey', 'Kırkağaç-589', and 'Kırkağaç-637') seeds under the salinity stress. The effect of GO as a priming material showed variance depending on the GO dose, melon cultivars, and level of salinity stress. It was determined that the germination percentage and the length of the radicle were higher in GO primed seeds compared to the control in all the melon cultivars tested. All cultivars did not germinate in the control at the highest salinity stress (26.20 dS m-1). The germination percentage of the GO-treated seeds changed in the range of 12.25% (0.50 mg mL-1 GO) -16.63% (0.25 mg mL-1 GO) at the highest salinity stress in 'Kırkağaç-589'. Radicle lengths of 'Hasanbey', 'Kırkağaç-589', and 'Kırkağaç-637' varied from 0.47, 0.57, 1.67 cm to 7.80, 9.47, and 8.80 cm, respectively, as the salinity stress elevated to 15 g L-1 (0 to 26.20 dS m-1). We believe that this study will pave the way for the application of GO as a priming material for both melon and different crops for eliminating problems of salinity stress.

Перспективный биологический метод повышения урожайности, ростовых и формообразовательных процессов бахчевых культур, возделываемых в Астраханской области

Melon crops growing has long been the pride of Russian agriculture, especially the Astrakhan region. The natural conditions of the Lower Volga region are very favorable for growing gourds. However, under conditions of drip irrigation, phytopathogens develop, which significantly reduce the yield of cultivated crops. One of the dangerous diseases of gourds is anthracnose (pathogen Colletotrichum laqenarium), which spreads rapidly under favorable conditions high humidity combined with high air temperature, high soil acidity, lack of potassium and phosphorus, often leading to a complete loss of crop. In this paper, we studied the effect of a biological plant protection agent based on Bacillus atrophaeus, cultivated on legume and cornmolasses bases, on growth and shaping processes, yield and disease development of gourds in arid conditions of the Astrakhan region using watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) as an example. When testing laboratory samples of the product, a positive effect on increasing the length of the central lash, the number of leaves, shoots and fruits, the mass of fruits, as well as reducing the number of diseased fruits was proved. In addition to the impact on growth and shaping indicators, the studied samples had an effect on reducing the development of watermelon anthracnose throughout the growing season and increasing the yield of cultivated gourds. At the same time, the B. atrophaeus preparation cultivated on a legume nutrient medium more effectively influenced the studied parameters: it reduced the incidence of anthracnose in plants, reduced the number of diseased fruits, increasing crop yield and fruit weight. In general, the data obtained testify in favor of the fact that the use of biological agents based on B. atrophaeus in the agricultural fields of the Astrakhan region when cultivating watermelon shows the effectiveness of the development and implementation of microbiological methods of plant protection in the arid climate of the region.

АКТУАЛЬНОСТЬ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ ДОЖДЕВАЛЬНЫХ МАШИН В ЗОНАХ РИСКОВАННОГО ЗЕМЛЕДЕЛИЯ НА ПРИМЕРЕ САРАТОВСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

The Russian Federation has enormous potential for the development of agriculture. In addition, Russia has significant water resources, which are unevenly distributed throughout the country, which hinders the optimal development of agriculture. According to statistics, in 2022, about 50% of the agricultural land available in the Russian Federation is irrigated, and irrigated areas continue to grow. Irrigation of agricultural land is the most common and promising method of reclamation, aimed at providing plants with the required amount of nutrients, moisture and maintaining the optimal thermal and water-salt regime of soils. At the same time, it should be noted that a significant percentage of domestic agricultural land is located in the zone of risky farming, while the predominant part of fresh water resources suitable for irrigation is concentrated in non-agricultural areas, which entails a shortage of water for irrigation in agricultural regions. The presence of such a disproportion necessitates the saving of water resources during irrigation, which is achieved through the use of sprinklers. Irrigation with sprinkling machines is the most relevant for a number of other reasons: high productivity and quality of sprinkling; the possibility of full automation of the irrigation process; the ability to adapt to various soil and climatic conditions; the possibility of reverse movement during operation and movement without irrigation at idle; no need for a special field layout. The aim of the work was to analyze the climatic features of the Saratov region and the yield dynamics from 1987 to 2020 to justify the feasibility of using sprinklers to increase soil productivity. In the presented study, it was revealed that there is a direct relationship between the level of productivity of fodder, grain and vegetable melon crops and the number of sprinkler equipment, which indicates the need to develop a fleet of irrigation machines.

Application methods of biostimulants affect the production and postharvest conservation of yellow melon

Worldwide, Brazil holds the fifth position in melon fruits exportation, further expanding its products to provide for the growing demand. This expansion is the result of the development and application of new technologies, including the management of the use of biostimulants. However, for melon crops, the information in the literature on the use of biostimulants remains limited to the effects of different doses on fruit quality at the time of harvest. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the influence of different methods of pre-harvest application of two biostimulants on the production and postharvest conservation of fruits of yellow melon cv. Iracema. The treatments consisted of a combination of three factors: two plant biostimulants (Crop Set® and Spray Dunger®), two application methods of the products (fertigation and spraying), and five times of postharvest storage (0, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days). An additional control treatment corresponded to plants without biostimulant application. The fruits were evaluated for production and physicochemical attributes: average mass, yield, flesh firmness, titratable acidity, soluble solids content, SSC/TA ratio, pH, total soluble sugars, and weight loss. Fertigation is the recommended application method of biostimulants for yellow melon due to its effect on the increase of average mass, yield, flesh firmness, soluble solids content, and total soluble sugars of the fruits in relation to the spraying method.

BIOECOLOGICAL DEVELOPING PECULIARITIES OF MELON FLY AND CONTROLLING ACTIONS

The article describes the development of biological and ecological features and harmfulness of melon fly on crops of melons in conditions of Karakalpakstan. It is studied the efficiency of the deep autumn plowing of soil against overwintering pests, special traps to kill the larvae and pupae, chemical treatments against the imaginal phase melon fly on crops of melon. The impact on the conservation of wild melon pest overwintered individuals. Recommended optimal protective measures in extreme conditions of Karakalpakstan. KEYWORDS. Melon fly, melon, pest, biological, chemical treatment efficacy.

Susceptibility of Liriomyza sativae Blanchard (Diptera: Agromyzidae) populations to reduced risk insecticides

Liriomyza sativae Blanchard is a major pest of melon and other crops in the Northeast of Brazil, where it has caused great losses despite the use of insecticides to reduce infestations. Previous studies showed that Liriomyza flies can develop resistance to several groups of insecticides, making difficult its control in the field. Bioassays to estimate the concentration-mortality curves were performed to investigate the response of L. sativae populations to abamectin, spinosad and chlorantraniliprole, as well as to establish a baseline for cyantraniliprole and spinetoram. The LC50 values for abamectin varied from 2.8 (PB1 population) to 4.8 (MSR2 population) mg/L, for chlorantraniliprole from 0.5 (MSR2 population) to 15.8 (PB1 population) mg/L, for cyantraniliprole from 0.7 (MSR1 population) to 5.2 (CMSF population) mg/L, for spinosad from 1.0 (PB3 population) to 13.5 (MSR2 population) mg/L, and for spinetoram from 0.2 (PB3 population) to 0.6 (MSR2 population) mg/L. Resistance ratios higher than 10-fold were observed for the populations PB3 (12.5-fold), CMSF (12.8-fold), PB1 (34.53-fold) for chlorantraniliprole, and MSR2 population (13.1-fold) for spinosad. The highest resistance ratio for abamectin, cyantraniliprole and spinetoram was respectively 1.8-fold (MSR2 population), 7.2-fold (CMSF population) and 3.1-fold (MSR2 population). Recommended doses of abamectin and spinosad caused 100% mortality of assessed populations. Overall, enzyme activities showed no association between susceptibility and insecticides among populations but were variable among populations. Monitoring and product rotation for managing the evolution of L. sativae to resistance is recommended.

Results and prospects of the Astrakhan selection of vegetable and melon crops

Relevance. Since the increasing demand for agricultural products, especially at present in the conditions of import substitution, cannot be met without creating new highly productive varieties and hybrids.Material and methods. This article provides a description and comparative characteristics of economically valuable qualities and varieties of vegetable crops, the most common and in demand among the population, created by breeders of the All-Russian Research Institute of Irrigated Vegetable Growing and Melon Growing – a branch of the FSBSI "PAFSC RAS". The experiments were laid on the experimental fields.Results. As a result of many years of breeding work presented varieties belong to different variety types, they differ in groups of precocity, shape, size, color of fruits. Tomatoes – Astrakhan, Bulldog, Avdeevsky, Caspian, Malinovi shar, Moryana, Rychansky, Forward, Orange Avuri, Malinovi Supergol, etc. Varieties of sweet pepper – Atomor, Marble, Novichok VNIIOB, Sprinter, Lyudmila, etc. Varieties of eggplant – Albatross, Diamond, Astrakom, Nizhnevolzhsky, Swan, etc. Since 2021, the Gnomik tomato variety has been entered into the State Register, and the Zarnitsa sweet pepper variety is being tested. The Astrakhan region is also a center for the creation and production of melon crops, their fruits belong to dietary products, are used both fresh and for preservation, preparation of drinks, desserts, home cooking. Watermelon varieties – Astrakhan, Photon, Ilyasovsky, Portioned; melon – Lada, pumpkin – Kroshka and Kapelka, zucchini – Sosnovsky and Jubilee, squash – Tabolinsky.

Native natural enemies in Mediterranean melon fields can provide levels of pest control similar to conventional pest management with broad-spectrum pesticides

Pest control in Mediterranean open-field melon crops currently relies on repeated pesticide applications. A lack of IPM programs that take into account naturally occurring biological control agents in the crop could be due, in part, to a lack of knowledge of the natural enemies associated with melon and their pest control potential. We estimated the abundance of pests and natural enemies in fields managed with a conventional insecticide regime (CPR) and a ‘no insecticide’ regime (NPR), with all fields receiving fungicide applications (sulphur or triadimenol), as required. In a two-year study, six melon fields were sampled periodically during spring and early summer by visual observations of leaves and the extraction of arthropods from flowers using Berlese funnels. The most abundant phytophagous arthropods on melon leaves were thrips (38.9% of total counts), aphids (31.5%), spider mites (26.8%) and whiteflies (2.8%). Aphis gossypii was significantly more abundant in CPR than in NPR fields, whereas whiteflies and thrips had similar abundance in the two treatments. Spider mites were more abundant in NPR than in CPR fields. The main groups of natural enemies on leaves were Orius spp. (76.1% of total counts), phytoseiids (7.4%), predatory thrips (7.1%) and cecidomyiids (5.6%), and all were significantly more abundant in NPR than in CPR fields. The primary predators in flowers were Orius spp. (67.4%) and Aeolothrips spp. (32.6%), and both were significantly more abundant in NPR than in CPR fields. Orius spp. was inferred to be the primary biological control agent of aphids, as few aphids were mummified by parasitoids. The control of aphids by Orius spp. was probably mediated by apparent competition with thrips, which are a preferred prey of Orius spp. In summary, elimination of pesticides from the management regime enhanced the abundance of natural enemies in the melon crop, and natural biological control limited pest infestations in NPR fields as well as did broad-spectrum insecticides in CPR fields. Therefore, IPM strategies for melon production should consider conservation of natural biological control agents as an effective alternative to conventional regimes that rely primarily upon insecticides.

Comparison of different types of fertilizers on growth, yield and quality properties of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) in the Southeast of Kazakhstan

Over the years, the use of organic materials in farming has reduced due to the increase in the use of chemical fertilizers which are rich in readily available plant nutrients. Intensive use of chemical fertilizers may have depressing effect on yield of watermelon. The field experiment were conducted at the Experimental Clinic of the Laboratory “Selection of vegetable and melon crops” and in the laboratory “Biosafety and Biocontrol of vegetable and melon crops” of Regional Branch “Kainar” of the LLP “Kazakh Research Institute of Fruit and Vegetable Growing” which is located in the foothill zone of the southeast of Kazakhstan, to study the effects of different types of organic fertilizers (cow manure, poultry manure and biohumus) and recommended chemical fertilizer (NPK) on the characteristics of watermelon (growth parameters, yield and quality) of southeast of Kazakhstan. There were significant differences among the treatments in relation to fruit yield of watermelon, growth paremeters and quality properties (dry matter, total sugar, Vitamin C and NO3-N). Recommended fertilizer dose (N90P60K60) had the highest fruit yield of watermelon and growth paremeters followed by manure applied at 40 t ha-1. All the fertilizer treatments had higher yield of watermelon than control. From this study, the use of manure as an organic fertilizer in the cultivation of watermelon could be used as alternative to chemical fertilizer. It is recommended that manure at 40 t ha-1 be adopted for watermelon cultivation in in the Southeast of Kazakhstan.

Validation of the ISAREG model for the irrigation management of the melon crop in the state of Ceará

The research aimed to validate the ISAREG model, introducing it to water management studies in irrigation in the State of Ceará, comparing results of experimental research, with results of simulations, carried out with the use of software, analyzing the following variables: crop evapotranspiration, variation of soil water storage and water flow in the soil. A bibliographic survey was carried out to obtain soil, climate and crop information required by the model to perform the soil water balance. Aiming at the validation of ISAREG, the model was fed with the following data: reference evapotranspiration, precipitation, phenological phases of the crop, effective depth of the root system, water availability factor in the soil, crop coefficient and soil information. Subsequently, the irrigation management option "dates and irrigation depths" was selected, and ISAREG performed the simulation of the soil water balance. The ISAREG demonstrated a detailed soil water balance, being validated in this study, because when its results were compared to the experimental ones, there was similarity in the trends of the variables analyzed, despite the reduced correlation verified regarding the variation of water storage in the soil.

Modelling the process of local application of manure under glass crops

The main lever for the production of an environmentally friendly product and an increase in crop yields, as well as a constant increase in soil fertility, as shown by domestic and foreign experience, is the use of organic fertilizers. At present, for all agricultural crops, including melons and gourds, organic fertilizers are mainly applied for plowing with manure spreaders. However, in relation to melon crops, such application technology is both irrational and uneconomical. This is explained by the fact that melons and gourds are cultivated on wide (from 1.8 m to 4.0 m) aisles. Therefore, when spreading (continuous) method of application, a significant part of the manure is not used by plants. Consequently, one of the main tasks of agricultural science is the creation of fundamentally new technological processes and machines that provide a significant increase in the efficiency of fertilizer use. Theoretical studies were carried out using the general laws of mechanics, mathematical modeling, taking into account the technological features of the application process and the physical and mechanical properties of manure. Studies show that the speed of the manure mass lags behind the speed of the spreader’s chain-slat conveyor, therefore, when calculating the productivity, a correction factor Ko = 0.5 … 0.6 should be introduced. The lower value corresponds to the minimum feed and the upper limit to the maximum. To divide the manure flow into three equal parts, it is necessary to install the dividers at a height of 0.64 m and the speed of the belt conveyor in the range of 0.25 … 0.44 m/s.

Life and scientific path of Fedor Antonovich Tkachenko (06. 28. 1921 – 02.22.1985). To the 100th anniversary of the birth

A brief review of information about the life and scientific path of the famous domestic geneticist and breeder of vegetable and melon crops, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor F.A. Tkachenko, dedicated to the 100th anniversary of his birth, is given. The main stages of the formation of F.A. Tkachenko as a person and a scientist during periods of war, training and work at the Institute of Vegetable Growing and Melon Growing of the NAAS are shown. The data on its participation in the development of genetics of heterosis and selection of heterotic hybrids of vegetable and melon crops in Ukraine are presented. The main scientific achievements and results of F.A. Tkachenko's activity as a scientist and teacher are indicated. The role of F.A. Tkachenko in the work of the Institute of Vegetable and Melon Growing of the NAAS and the formation of the national scientific school in the field of genetics and selection of vegetable and melon crops is shown.
 Keywords: vegetable and melon crops, genetics of heterosis and heterotic plant breeding in Ukraine, scientific achievements of F.A. Tkachenko.

РЫХЛИТЕЛЬНО-ВЫРАВНИВАЮЩЕЕ УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ПОДГОТОВКИ ПОЧВЫ ПОД БАХЧЕВЫЕ КУЛЬТУРЫ

The analysis of soil cultivation technologies for sowing melon crops was carried out. The design of a combined soil tillage tool capable of plowing, pre-sowing treatment and formation of irrigation furrows in one pass was substantiated. The main tillage is recommended to be done by front plow tools for smooth plowing. Plow bodies of two bottom plows should be mounted along the symmetry axis of the implement according to the lister scheme, which allows not to carry out a full rotation of soil layers and provides automatic formation of irrigation furrow. A loosening and leveling device for strip pre-sowing soil tillage in the sowing zone has been developed. The use of a combined soil tillage tool can reduce labor costs up to 25%, energy consumption for soil preparation up to 50%, reduce the duration of work, reduce soil compaction and retain moisture in the soil layer.

Mineral Fertilizers Improves the Quality of Turmeric and Soil

An experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of different mineral fertilizers on mineral contents in turmeric rhizomes and soil enzyme activities and soil properties under field conditions in Uzbekistan. The present study is the first report on the impact of mineral fertilizers in turmeric rhizomes and soil enzymes and soil properties in Uzbekistan. The experiment was carried out with four treatments: T1—Control, T2—N75P50K50 kg/ha, T3—N125P100K100 kg/ha, and T4—N100P75K75 + B3Zn6Fe6 kg/ha. Turmeric rhizomes and soil samples were collected from field experiments at the Surkhandarya scientific experimental station of the vegetable, melon crops and potato research institute, Surkhandarya, Uzbekistan. The data showed that T3—the NPK (125:100:100 kg/ha) and T4—the NPK + BZnFe (100:75:75:3:6:6 kg/ha) treatments significantly enhanced K content by 27–21%, Ca content by 43–38%, and P content by 54–17% in turmeric rhizomes as compared to control without fertilizer. A maximum of turmeric rhizome microelements content was recorded with T4, which also resulted in improved Fe, Zn, Cu, Cr, and Mo contents in turmeric rhizomes and mineral contents of soil compared to other treatments. This treatment significantly enhanced active P content by 34%, active K content by 25%, total P content by 62%, total K content by 14%, and the activities of soil urease, invertase, catalase, and phosphatase over those in the control. The present study results suggest that the application of NPK + BZnFe (100:75:75:3:6:6 kg/ha) improves macro and micronutrient contents in turmeric rhizomes and activities of soil enzymes and physicochemical properties of soil.