Melanagromyza Obtusa Research Articles

Validation of IPM module for pigeon pea pod borer

Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L. (Millsp.)) is attacked by more than 300 species of insects of which gram pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera, spotted pod borer. Maruca vitrata and pod fly, Melanagromyza obtusa are the most important. The misuse of pesticides has resulted in hazards like pesticide residues, resistance and pest resurgence. Integrated pest management (IPM), an ecological approach of which a module was evaluated for its adoption in pigeonpea over two years. The results revealed that IPM module can reduce number of sprays with high economic returns as against farmer's practice. IPM package consisting of seed treatment with Trichoderma viride and vitavax @ 10 g and 2 g/kg seed, respectively, intercropping with green gram (1: 7 row ratio), monitoring through pheromone traps @ 10/ha, erecting bird perches @ 50/ha and spraying of NSKE (neem seed kernel extract) 5% or neem formulation (1500 ppm) @ 5ml/l at flower bud initiation stage, followed by need based spraying of chlorantraniliprole @ 0.3 ml/1 (at 50% flowering), indoxacarb @ 0.75 ml/1 or flubendiamide @ 0.2 ml/1 or emamectin benzoate @ 0.4 g/1 and dimethoate @ 2 ml/1 at 10 days interval was the most effective with higher cost benefit ratio i.e., 1: 3.23 in IPM module compared to farmer's practice (1: 2.12).

Efficacy of newer insecticides against Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) and Melanagromyza obtusa Malloch in Pigeon pea

A Field trial were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of new molecule of insecticides were evaluated with untreated control plot against Helicoverpa armigera and Melanagromyza obtusa. Indoxacarb 15.8 EC was found significantly most effective against H. armigera and M. obtusa followed by Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 EC @ 20 g a.i./ha whereas, novaluron 10 EC @ 33.5 g a.i./ha was the least effective against both the pests.

Field evaluation of spinetoram 12 sc mixture against pod borer complex in pigeonpea

Pigeonpea pod borer complex comprising of Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner), Maruca vitrata (Geyer), Lampides boeticus (Linnaeus), Exelastis atomosa (Walshinghan) and Melanagromyza obtusa (Malloch) in Tamil Nadu cause considerable yield loss. Efficacy of a new insecticide, Spinetoram 12SC alone and in combination with quinalphos 25EC 350 g a.i./ha, carbendazim 50WP 125 g a.i./ha and urea (2%) was evaluated against this complex under farmers’ field conditions during 2012–2013 and 20132014 kharif at Dindigul district, Tamil Nadu. The results revealed that Spinetoram 12SC 45 g alone and in combination with quinalphos 25EC 350 g a.i./ha, carbendazim 50WP 125 g a.i./ha and urea (2%) was significantly superior, when sprayed thrice at 15 days interval with increase in grain yield, and without any phytotoxic symptoms.

Bioefficacy of newer insecticides and botanicals against population of pigeonpea pod fly, Melanagromyza obtusa (Malloch)

Bioefficacy of newer insecticides and botanicals against population of pigeonpea pod fly, Melanagromyza obtusa (Malloch)

Evaluation of pigeonpea genotypes for their resistance against pod fly, Melanagromyza obtusa (Malloch) under natural conditions

An experiment was conducted to screen thirty one genotypes of pigeonpea with three checks viz., PUSA 992, PA 291 & UPAS 120 for their resistance/tolerance to M. obtusa under natural infestation. None of the genotypes was found resistant, but marked differences were noticed among different genotypes. On the basis of larval population of M. obtusa and pod damage twelve genotypes were found to be least susceptible, while nine genotypes were moderately susceptible and ten genotypes were highly susceptible on a rating scale of 1–9.

Population dynamics of Helicoverpa armigera and Melanagromyza obtusa on Pigeonpea

Field experiment carried out during kharif 2016–17 revealed that incidence of the pigeonpea pod borer Helicoverpa armigera started in the 1st week of October and reached a peak level 1.39 larvae/five plants in the 4th week of October (at 14.80–33.50°C and RH 47.30–66.30%). Correlation coefficients between incidence and weather parameters showed that maximum temperature had a positive, and minimum temperature had negative relationship. About pod fly, Melanagromyza obtusa incidence began with 1st week of November and reached a peak (1.20 maggots/10 pods) in the 1st week of December (9.9022.90°C and RH 51.00–87.10%). Correlation coefficients between pod fly incidence and weather parameters showed that maximum relative humidity had a positive and minimum relative humidity and rainfall had a negative relationship.

New record of parasitoid, associated with pigeonpea pod fly, Melanagromyza obtusa (Malloch) (Diptera: Agromyzidae)

The study was carried out during 2010-11 at farmer fields and laboratory, College of Agriculture, Osmanabad District (Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Agricultural University (VNMKV), Parbhani), Maharashtra, India on the incidence of parasitoids of Melanagromyza obtusa (Malloch) infesting pigeonpea. Four hymenopteran parasitoids recorded were; the Eulophid parasitoid, the torymid Torymoides sp. (Walker), two ormyrids viz., Ormyrus orientalis (Walker) and Ormyrus sp. (Westwood). As per the literature available and reviewed, Torymoides sp. is the first ever record for new host association reported from M. obtusa maggots as an ecto-parasitoid. The natural larval parasitism of M. obtusa by Torymoides sp. ranged from 3.13 to 31.82 per cent. The parasitism was observed from 51 st SMW (3.13 per cent) which increased gradually and attained a peak on 6 th SMW with 31.82 per cent with a mean parasitism of 9.30 per cent over a period of 13 standard meteorological weeks. The new record of natural parasitism of pod fly by Torymoides sp. would add to the existing knowledge on the biological suppression of the pest.

English

Pod fly, Melanagromyza obtusa Malloch is a serious pest of Pigeon pea. During the present investigation, ten insecticides were evaluated under field and laboratory conditions. Results of experiments showed that after 3 and 6 hr, Emamectin benzoate (0.001 %) and Dimethoate (0.03%), followed by Indoxacarb (0.004%), Dichlorvos (0.08%) and Fenvalerate (0.02%) recorded higher per cent of adult mortality and the NSKE (4 %) treated pods received the least number of eggs and was significantly superior over others. Significantly lower per cent seed damage was recorded for plots sprayed with Dimethoate 0.03%. The highest seed yield was obtained from plots treated with a combination of NSKE 5%-Emamectin benzoate 0.001%-Dichlorvos (1666.00 kg/ha) and Dichlorvos- Dimethoate 0.03%- cypermethrin 0.01% - Emamectin benzoate 0.001% (1583.00 kg/ha) over control. These results can substantially contribute to the development of IPM in Pigeon pea.

Efficacy of Selected Insecticide and Biopesticide Combinations against Major Insect Pests of Late Maturing Pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.

Aim: To evaluate the comparative efficacy of different chemical insecticide and biopesticide combinations against tur pod fly [Melanagromyza obtusa (Malloch)], gram pod borer [Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner)] and tur pod bug (Clavigralla gibbosa Spinola) on pigeonpea. Study Design: Randomized Block Design with three replications. Place and Duration of Study: Field experiments were conducted at Agriculture Research Farm, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi during Kharif seasons of 2015-16 and 2016-17. Methodology: The experiment consisted of eight treatments having different combinations of insecticides and biopesticides including untreated control. Effectiveness of these treatment regimes was determined on the basis of per cent pod and grain damage due to major insect pests and grain yield of pigeonpea. Results: Treatment regimes having combinations of chemical insecticides and biopesticides were found to be more effective in comparison to treatments modules where there was sole use of biopesticides. The treatment comprising of sequential application of Multineem 0.03% followed by second spray of Rynaxypyr 18.5 SC @ 30 g a.i./ha and third spray of Indoxacarb 15.8 EC @ 73 g a.i./ha at 15 days interval was significantly superior in managing M. obtusa, H. armigera and C. gibbosa on pigeonpea over rest of the treatments in terms of lower pod and grain damage and higher grain yield. However, all the insecticidal treatment modules were found significantly superior over untreated control. Conclusion: Sequential application of Multineem 0.03% - Rynaxypyr 18.5 SC @ 30 g a.i./ha - Indoxacarb 15.8 EC @ 73 g a.i./ha may be considered for recommendation in alternate sprays for managing major insect pests on long duration pigeonpea in Varanasi region of Indo-Gangetic plain.

Evaluation of integrated pest management modules in pigeonpea

Pod borer complex, Helicoverpa armigera, Melanagromyza obtusa and Exelastis atomosa are the serious pests of pigeonpea. Realising their economic importance, investigations were carried out at the Vasantarao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani during kharif 2011 and 2012 to evaluate the efficacy of various IPM modules. The study revealed that all IPM modules were significantly superior over unprotected (M-3). The pod damage caused by M. obtusa was low in IPM module (M-2) as against unprotected module. There were no significant differences in pod damage caused by E. atomosa. The effectiveness of IPM modules was also reflected on the grain yield. Three IPM modules viz. M-1, M-2 and M-3 produced higher yields (9.70, 9.56 and 9.12 q/ha, respectively) as compared to untreated control (6.80 q/ha). The economic analysis of various IPM modules revealed highest CBR (1: 4.76) in module-1.

Role of abiotic factors on the population dynamics of pigeonpea pod fly, Melanagromyza Obtusa Malloch

Role of abiotic factors on the population dynamics of pigeonpea pod fly, <i>Melanagromyza Obtusa</i> Malloch

Melanagromyza obtusa (Díptera: Agromyzidae), a new record for Colombia

Melanagromyza obtusa (Díptera: Agromyzidae) is recorded for the first time in Colombia. Distribution of this species is mainly Asiatic although it has been recently reported in Florida (The United States of America), the Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, Haiti, Panama, and Peru. In countries such as India, Indonesia (Java) and Malaysia, it is recognized as an important pest in economic crops of Cajanus cajan (Fabaceae) and, to a lesser degree, in other Fabaceae, such as Flemingia macrophylla.

Parasitoids (Hymenoptera) of leafminer flies (Diptera: Agromyzidae) from Bangladesh

The objective of this study was to determine hymenopteran parasitoids attacking leafminers (Agromyzidae: Diptera) in Bangladesh. Four parasitoid species, viz. Chrysocharis pentheus (Walker), Neochrysocharis formosa (Westwood) and Cirrospilus sp. belonging to family Eulophidae and Opius sp. under family Braconidae of the order Hymenoptera are reported as new to the fauna of Bangladesh. All parasitoids were reared from three agromyzid flies namely Liriomyza sativae Blanchard, Melanagromyza obtusa Mallochand and Ophiomyia phaseoli (Tryon).

Evaluation of some insecticides against pigeonpea pod fly &lt;italic&gt;Melanagromyza obtusa&lt;/italic&gt; Mall

The present investigation was conducted during &lt;italic&gt;kharif&lt;/italic&gt; 2011-12 on field of Department of Agricultural Entomology, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola. The experiment was planned in randomized block design with gross plot size 4.2 x 4.4 m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; and net plot size 3.0 x 4.0 m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; with twelve treatments replicated thrice with the object to study the effect of some insecticides against pigeonpea pod fly, &lt;italic&gt;Melanagromyza obtuse&lt;/italic&gt;. In evaluation studyten treatments were tested against pod fly, &lt;italic&gt;Melanagromyza obtuse&lt;/italic&gt;. on pigeonpea. The result revealed that treatment Deltamethrin 1 EC + Triazophos 35 EC emerged as the most effective treatment against &lt;italic&gt;M. obtusa&lt;/italic&gt; in minimizing the damage to green and drypods as well as grains. Thiaclopride 21.7 SC and Profenophos 50 EC were found significantly effective in minimizing the cumulative mean per cent infestation of pod flyof pigeonpea. These findings indicate that the pigeonpea crop required two sprays of newer insecticides from pod initiation stage at 15 days interval for the management of pigeonpea pod fly, &lt;italic&gt;Melanagromyza obtusa.&lt;/italic&gt;

Pediobius cajanus sp. n. (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae), an important natural enemy of the Asian fly (Melanagromyza obtusa (Malloch)) (Diptera, Agromyzidae) in the Dominican Republic

Pediobius cajanus sp. n. is described based on material from the Dominican Republic, where it is widespread, and it is anticipated to have a much larger distribution in tropical America. It is compared to other species of Pediobius from the New World, and is also compared to P. vignae (Risbec), a similar species from Africa with similar biology. The new species is a gregarious endoparasitoid of the pupae of the Asian fly, Melanagromyza obtusa (Malloch), an agromyzid that causes major damage to pigeon pea, Cajanus cajan (L). Millspauh. In the Dominican Republic P cajanus sp. n. is the most important parasitoid of this pest. Details on its biology are provided.

Bio-efficacy of some new insecticide molecules against pod borer complex of Red gram

Field experiment was conducted at District Seed Farm, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Kalyani, West Bengal during the year 2008–09 and 2009–10 crop growing seasons to evaluate the bio-efficacy of premix formulation of pyridalyl 15% + fenpropathrin 20% EC against pod borer complex of red gram. ‘UPAS-120’ variety of red gram was sown during kharif season in the plot size of 5m x 4m with 70cm (R-R) and 30cm (P-P) spacing. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications for each treatment. Three round spraying of three doses of pyridalyl -15% + fenpropathrin- 20% EC (75+100, 90+120 and 105+140 g a.i./ha) along with single dose of their individual counterparts; pyridalyl 10% EC (100 g a.i./ha) and fenpropathrin 30% EC (100 g a.i./ha) and a combined product chlorpyriphos 50% + cypermethrin 5%EC (500 + 50 g a.i./ha) and a commonly recommended insecticide (as standard check) viz., indoxacarb 14.5 SC (60 g a.i./ha) were done during the cropping season where the first round was given at 10% flowering followed by full blooming and bearing stage at 25 days interval. Results revealed that pyridalyl 15% + fenpropathrin 20% EC @ 105+140 g a.i./ha and 90+120 g a.i./ha were quite effective and were at par with each other in controlling red gram pod borer complex (Helicoverpa armigera Hub., Exelatis atomosa Wals. and Melanagromyza obtusa Mall.) and recorded higher grain yield (1.96 and 1.85 t/ha, respectively) than rest of the treatments.

Evaluation of new molecule of insecticides against pod fly (Melanagromyza obtusa) of pigeon pea

Pod fly [Melanagromyza obtusa (Malloch)] is a key biotic constraint for productivity in subsistence crop protection pattern; its damage varies up to 80%; has been estimated about US $ 256 million annually. The research trial was accomplished at Research Farm of SASRD, Nagaland University during Kharif 2011 and 2012 in order to evaluate the new molecules against pod fly. The experiment was consisted 6 treatments (Trizophos 500 g ai. ha-1, Emamectine benzoate 11 g ai. ha-1, Emamectine benzoate 11 g ai. ha-1 + Acetamiprid 30 g ai. ha-1, Flubendiamide 47 g ai. ha-1, Chlorantraniliprole 40 g ai. ha-1 and Spinosade 75 g ai. ha-1) compare with control. The lowest pod damage (9.7% and 9.3%), lowest grain damage (5.3% and 5%) and highest grain yield (1202 kg ha-1 and 1209 kg ha-1) were obtained from Chlorantraniliprole followed by Emamectine benzoate+ Acetamiprid, Spinosade, Emamectine benzoate, Flubendiamide, Trizophos and all the treatments were significantly superior over control. The highest B: C ratio reward (1:4.24) was obtained from Chlorantraniliprole. The results indicated that Chlorantraniliprole was more effectual against pod damage, grain damage, yield and B: C ratio. The safer chemical control methods reduce the pod damage, grain damage and higher yield with high benefit: cost ratio, so therefore chemical control popularizes as an effective, practical alternative and makes lucrative cultivation of pigeon pea. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sja.v12i1.21115 SAARC J. Agri., 12(1): 89-95 (2014)

Vegetable leafminers (Diptera: Agromyzidae) and their plant hosts in Bangladesh

Most leafminer flies (Diptera: Agromyzidae) are serious polyphytophagous insect pests of vegetables. In the present communication an account of four species of agromyzid flies, viz., Liriomyza chinensis (Kato), L. sativae Blanchard, Melanagromyza obtusa Malloch and Ophiomyia phaseoli (Tryon) is provided. Of these, L. chinensis is new to Bangladesh fauna. All these agromyzids were reared from 17 economic vegetable host plants in Bangladesh.

Seasonal Incidence of Pod Fly, Melanagromyza obtusa (Malloch) and Its Hymenopteran Parasitoids on Pigeonpea

The activity of pod fly, Melanagromyza obtusa (Malloch) (Diptera: Agromyzidae) attained peak level during 46th standard week while the population of M. obtusa was minimum (31/100 pods) during 49 th standard week. The peak level of weekly per cent parasitization (18.18%) was observed during 51 st standard week while minimum level of weekly per cent parasitization (6.52%) was observed during 47 th standard week. Simple correlation was worked out between M. obtusa population and weather parameters and it revealed that positive significant correlation with minimum temperature (r = 0.769). Correlation between parasitization and percent was not significant. The regression revealed that the various abiotic factors was found to be most influencing factor, which contributed (R 2 = 0.885 and 0.863) 88.5 and 86.3 per cent variation in M. obtusa population and per cent parasitization, respectively.

Seasonal Incidence of Pod Fly, Melanagromyza obtusa (Malloch) and Its Hymenopteran Parasitoids on Pigeonpea

The activity of pod fly, Melanagromyza obtusa (Malloch) (Diptera: Agromyzidae) attained peak level during 46th standard week while the population of M. obtusa was minimum (31/100 pods) during 49 th standard week. The peak level of weekly per cent parasitization (18.18%) was observed during 51 st standard week while minimum level of weekly per cent parasitization (6.52%) was observed during 47 th standard week. Simple correlation was worked out between M. obtusa population and weather parameters and it revealed that positive significant correlation with minimum temperature (r = 0.769). Correlation between parasitization and percent was not significant. The regression revealed that the various abiotic factors was found to be most influencing factor, which contributed (R 2 = 0.885 and 0.863) 88.5 and 86.3 per cent variation in M. obtusa population and per cent parasitization, respectively.