Meet Quality Standards Research Articles

Standardisation and toxicity assessment of Dioscorea hispida (Dennst) tubers: Acute and subchronic dosage studies

People worldwide have used Dioscorea hispida Dennst to treat various skin diseases. However, Dioscorea hispida tubers are known to be poisonous because they contain cyanide and dioscorine. This research aimed to standardise Dioscorea hispida dried powder and examine tuber extract toxicity effects (acute and subchronic). This research was carried out with sample standardisation according to the Indonesian Herbal Pharmacopoeia II. The Regulations of the Republic of Indonesia Food and Drug Supervisory Agency carried out acute and subchronic toxicity studies. Wistar rats were administered different doses of the extract, and observations were made for toxic symptoms, body weight changes, mortality, relative organ weights, and histopathological changes in liver and kidney tissues. Serum creatinine, ALT, and AST levels were also measured. Dioscorea hispida tubers from North Sumatra and Lampung met the quality standards, whereas those from West Java did not due to high mold/yeast counts. Acute toxicity studies indicated that doses of 300 mg/kg BW and 1000 mg/kg BW caused toxic symptoms and death, classifying the extract as toxic with an LD50 range of 50-500 mg/kg BW. No toxic symptoms were observed at 50 mg/kg BW. Subchronic studies revealed that elevated doses led to significant liver and kidney damage, evidenced by increased creatinine, ALT, AST levels, and histopathological changes. Dioscorea hispida tubers from North Sumatra and Lampung meet quality standards, but those from West Java do not. The tubers have medicinal potential but exhibit high toxicity at elevated doses, necessitating cautious use and further research to ensure safe application and reduce contaminants.

Quality Costing: A Key Tool for Enhancing Customer Satisfaction and Efficiency

Quality costing, also known as the Cost of Quality (COQ), is a strategic framework that helps organizations manage and improve the quality of their products and services while minimizing operational inefficiencies. In today's competitive business environment, ensuring high quality is not just an option but a necessity for organizations aiming to build customer loyalty and a strong market reputation. This paper delves into the critical components of quality costing, which include prevention costs, appraisal costs, internal failure costs, and external failure costs, each contributing to a comprehensive approach for managing quality-related expenses. Prevention costs are incurred to avoid defects before they occur, while appraisal costs focus on evaluating and inspecting products to ensure they meet quality standards. Internal failure costs arise from defects found before products reach customers, whereas external failure costs result from defects discovered after the product has been delivered to the customer, potentially damaging the organization’s reputation. Beyond its immediate financial benefits, quality costing facilitates informed decision-making by providing data that helps organizations assess quality risks and prioritize improvements. It plays a crucial role in reducing risks associated with product failures, thus enhancing competitive advantage in a highly dynamic market. Moreover, this paper explores various methods for measuring COQ, emphasizing that accurate measurement is key to realizing the full benefits of this tool. It also offers recommendations on how businesses can leverage quality costing to drive continuous improvement, foster innovation, and promote sustainability in their operations.

Copper Benzene‐1,3,5‐Tricarboxylate Metal‐Organic Framework Performance as a Heterogeneous Catalyst for Biodiesel Production

ABSTRACTThe increasing demand for sustainable fuels has driven extensive research into biodiesel production, which typically relies on the use of active catalysts to facilitate the transesterification of oils. While homogeneous catalysts are commonly employed, they pose challenges in terms of recyclability and environmental impact, leading to growing interest in heterogeneous catalysts. Among these, metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) have gained attention due to their high surface area and tuneable properties. This study investigates the performance of a copper benzene‐1,3,5‐tricarboxylate (CuBTC) MOF as an effective heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production. CuBTC was synthesised via solvothermal method and thoroughly characterised using scanning electron microscopy to examine the morphology, powder X‐ray diffraction to determine the crystalline structure, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to identify the functional groups. The synthesised CuBTC has an octahedral morphology and successfully catalysed biodiesel production with unsaturated fatty acids within the C16 to C18 range, achieving a yield of 78.6% using 1 wt.% CuBTC and a 10:1 methanol‐to‐oil molar ratio. The iodine value of the produced biodiesel was 59.3 g I/g, and the higher heating value was 39.2 MJ/kg. Recycled CuBTC maintained its efficacy, yielding 76.6% and 63.4% fatty acid methyl esters in the first and second recycling runs, respectively, with 16.6% and 15.3% of C16 to C18 fatty acids. The produced biodiesel met quality standards outlined in EN 14214, highlighting CuBTC's potential for sustainable biodiesel production.

EVALUATION OF PROJECT COST AND TIME USING EARNED VALUE APPROACH: A CASE OF MILITARY INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECT

This research aims to optimize the performance of construction projects at Yohanis Kapiyau Airbase so that the work can be completed on time, meet quality standards, and in accordance with the predetermined budget. This research addresses key questions regarding the evaluation of project cost and time control, specifically examining project cost performance through Cost Variance and Cost Performance Index (CPI) indicators, as well as project time performance using Schedule Variance (SV) and Schedule Performance Indices (SPI) indicators. The implementation of the Earned Value Management (EVM) method has proven its effectiveness as an analytical instrument that integrates cost and cost dimensions comprehensively. Through the comprehensive analysis that has been conducted, the method successfully identified with precision that the fundamental challenge of the project lies in the aspect of time management, while cost management shows excellent efficiency. It can be concluded that the achievement of excellent cost efficiency has a positive impact on the overall project performance. Based on the results of the comprehensive evaluation, several strategic recommendations can be formulated for the optimization of project implementation in the future.

Modern Digital Query Analytics of Patient Education Materials on Acanthosis Nigricans: Systematic Search and Content Analysis.

Online digital materials are integral to patient education and health care outcomes in dermatology. Acanthosis nigricans (AN) is a common condition, often associated with underlying diseases such as insulin resistance. Patients frequently search the internet for information related to this cutaneous finding. To our knowledge, the quality of online educational materials for AN has not been systematically examined. The primary objective of this study was to profile the readability and quality of the content of publicly available digital educational materials on AN and identify questions frequently asked by patients. This study analyzed publicly available internet sources to identify the most frequent questions searched by patients regarding AN using the Google Rankbrain algorithm. Furthermore, available articles on AN were evaluated for quality and reading level using metrics such as the Brief DISCERN score, and readability was determined using three specific scales including the Flesch-Kincaid score, Gunning Fog index, and the Coleman-Liau index, based on literature. Patients most frequently accessed facts on AN from government sources, which comprised 30% (n=15) of the analyzed sources. The available articles did not meet quality standards and were at a reading level not appropriate for the general public. The majority of articles (n=29/50, 58%) had substandard Brief DISCERN scores, failing to meet the criteria for good quality. Clinicians should be aware of the paucity of valuable online educational material on AN and educate their patients accordingly.

Lipid Composition and Cytokines IL-10 and TGF-β1 Evaluation of Prebiotic Ice Cream Containing Human Milk

Human milk (HM) is recognized as an ideal nutritional source to meet the developmental needs of babies. However, a significant portion does not meet quality standards for immediate consumption, rendering it an interesting raw material for the production of by-products. This study aimed to evaluate the lipid composition and cytokines interleukin-10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) in ice cream containing HM. Three formulations were developed: F1 with 93.46% HM, F2 with 46.73% cows’ milk and 46.73% HM, and F3 with 46.73% infant formula and 46.73% HM. Fatty acids (FA) and their nutritional quality, the triacylglycerol (TAG) profile, and the concentrations of cytokines IL-10 and TGF-β1 were analyzed. F1 and F3 exhibited the highest concentrations of essential FAs (18:2n-6 and 18:3n-3) compared to F2. This trend extended to eicosapentaenoic acid + docosahexaenoic acid, with higher values in F1 (10.62 ± 0.26) and F3 (11.16 ± 0.28) versus F2 (3.67 ± 0.18). Both cytokines IL-10 and TGF-β1, present in the ice creams, experienced a decrease in concentration due to the processing of the raw materials. Therefore, ice creams produced with HM have promising potential, making them recommended for use, providing a new destination for waste, and creating a novel product that can be used as a complementary food.

EVALUATION OF THE QUALITY OF BEE HONEY (Apis mellifera) FROM CENTRAL-SOUTH REGION OF TAMAULIPAS, MEXICO

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate different quality criteria of Apis mellifera bee honey from the municipality of Llera in the central-southern region of the state of Tamaulipas, Mexico. Theoretical Framework: In the state of Tamaulipas, A. mellifera honey is produced, considered one of the most important beekeeping products. This activity reflects the economic strengthening and well-being of this area and it is fundamental for ecosystem’s survival and biodiversity. Method: The methodology applied for this study focused on the selection of six samples from different apiaries in the municipality of Llera, using standardized techniques for the corresponding analyses. Results and Discussion: Results showed that most of the honeys meet quality standards. Values ​​were expressed as mean values ​​± SD. Data were subjected to an analysis of variance and Tukey’s test, and statistical significance was established at p≤0.05. Research Implications: The sampling of honey was limited by the availability of beekeepers; on the other hand, some honey crystallized in less time than others. Originality/Value: The study allowed us to evaluate the quality of honey, which guarantees having a high-quality product for marketing.

Training on antibacterial liquid soap making from nipah leaf extract to support SDGs-3 good health and well being

Wori Village, located in the buffer zone of the Likupang Tourism Special Economic Zone (KEK), requires development of both its natural and human resources. Natural resource optimization can be achieved through diversification, specifically by producing liquid soap from the nipah plant. Human resource development necessitates increased public awareness of skin health and personal hygiene. This Community Service aimed to educate the Wori Village community on personal hygiene and provide a practical solution for reducing skin diseases through the use of antibacterial liquid soap. The methodology comprised socialization, training, technology application, mentoring, evaluation, and plans for program sustainability. The resulting NIPALS soap met quality standards, exhibiting a pH of 7. Evaluation demonstrated a 96.7% increase in participants' knowledge of personal hygiene and soap-making (pre-test vs. post-test). Furthermore, 95.5% of participants expressed satisfaction with the soap (4.5% considered it average). Positive user experiences included a 97% absence of itching, 76.7% reporting a tightening effect, and 70% noting moisturization. These results, supported by positive hedonic test results, confirm the successful production of liquid soap by the participants.

Constraints in Paddy Procurement in Kerala: Farmers’ Perspectives

Paddy is a staple food crop in Kerala State, and the government's paddy procurement policy aims to support and strengthen farmers by ensuring a Minimum Support Price as well as maintaining market stability. The study aimed to identify and prioritise farmers' challenges in the paddy procurement system. The study was conducted during the agricultural year of 2023-2024 in the Palakkad and Alappuzha districts, the major rice-growing tracts among the districts of this State. A total of eight Panchayats were randomly selected from the two major procurement centres in each district, and ten farmers were randomly chosen from each Panchayat, resulting in a sample size of 160. The application of Garrett's ranking technique assessed the intensity of each constraint and ranked them among the top ten identified constraints. The study found that the absence of immediate payment of procurement price was the most significant issue with a total Garrett score of 12260 and an average score of 76.62. This delay in payment causes financial difficulties for farmers in continuing the cultivation for the next season. The difficulty to meet quality standards of procurement was the next severe challenge for the farmers. The study recommended policy interventions to overcome the challenges in paddy procurement in the State.

Assessing Resources Devoted to Electronic Reporting and Automation Among Central Cancer Registries Meeting National Program of Cancer Registries (NPCR) Quality Standards

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has emphasized a need for data modernization initiatives (DMIs) to improve the quality and timeliness of cancer surveillance data. To guide such DMI efforts, we need data on the resources required to generate high-quality data. Twenty-one central cancer registries (CCRs) collected data from July 2020 to June 2021. We explored the potential relationship between resources for (1) electronic reporting and automation and (2) the quality of CCR data. We then compared activity-based costs of registries that always (n = 8), sometimes (n = 6), or seldom/never (n = 7) met data quality standards for completeness, timeliness, duplicate rate, and missing values. We found the registries that consistently met data quality standards used more resources on setting up processes to acquire data, training staff, and processing data. Compared to high-quality registries, registries that seldom/never met quality standards spent the most on case finding/data abstraction of non-hospital records. This study provides key findings for resource use, which can guide advancements when implementing electronic reporting and automation to improve CCR operations.

Allelopathic activity of coffee extracts: implications for germination and initial growth in select weeds and polyploidy in Lactuca sativa L

ABSTRACT Coffee beans contain compounds with allelopathic activity, such that some beans that do not meet quality standards might rather be used to obtain a natural herbicide which consequently might be employed to control undesired plants and avoid economic losses. Thus, the objectives of this study were: (1) to investigate the allelopathic effect of different concentrations of green (GC) and roasted (RC) coffee extracts on the inhibition of germination and initial growth of Lactuca sativa L. Bidens pilosa L. and Cyperus rotundus L. and (2) determine the induction of changes in the cell cycle of L. sativa L. and (3) quantify some compounds in the GC and RC extracts with possible allelopathic effects. Seeds and tubers were sown on germination paper, moistened with water or different concentrations of extracts, stored in transparent plastic boxes, and maintained in a germination chamber. Caffeine was found at higher concentrations of 79.768 and 15.532 g/L in GC and RC extracts, respectively. In general, RC extract for L. sativa L. and GC for B. pilosa L. diminished germination parameters. For C. rotundus L. GC extract decreased growth regardless of the concentration. An increased frequency of cell cycle alterations was observed in the root cells of L. sativa L. This study is the first to report that the studied extracts possess allelopathic potential, as they are effective in reducing germination and/or initial growth of weed species and L. sativa L. as well as inducing alterations in the cell cycle of L. sativa L.

Optimizing the C/N ratio in composting fresh coconut husk and shell waste for organic fertilizer production

Abstract The Mekong Delta region produces significant organic by-products from agriculture, which can cause environmental pollution and infectious diseases. However, these by-products can be recycled into valuable raw materials for organic fertilizers. This study aims to create an organic substrate from fresh coconut husks and waste shells, reducing waste and maximizing the value of these materials. By determining the nutritional properties of shells and coconut husks, the study calculates the optimal mixing ratio with substrates and additional fertilizers to achieve a suitable C/N ratio for composting. The decomposition process is monitored over 45 days, tracking pH, temperature, total aerobic microorganisms, cellulose-decomposing microorganisms, and pathogenic E. coli - Coliform. Post-decomposition, the treatments are evaluated for organic matter content, total nitrogen, and phosphorus, and compared with the organic fertilizer standard QCVN 01 - 189:2019/BNNPTNT. Preliminary results show effective decomposition from day 6, with temperatures exceeding 50°C. Most final compost samples meet quality standards for organic and microbial fertilizers and show promising results in mustard greens trials. Thus, the fresh coconut husk and shell powder mixture has the potential to produce optimal compost, effectively recycling these materials.

Water Quality Monitoring System Based on IoT

Water quality is a crucial factor in public health, agriculture, and industry, and it has become increasingly important to monitor and maintain it effectively. Traditional water quality testing methods are often time-consuming, require manual sampling, and can involve complex equipment and processes, which may not be suitable for continuous monitoring. This project, titled "IoT- Based Water Quality Monitoring System," aims to create a real-time, automated solution that continuously monitors essential water quality parameters, namely pH, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), and turbidity, using IoT technology. The system utilizes a suite of sensors connected to an ESP32 microcontroller to capture data for each of these parameters. The pH sensor monitors acidity or alkalinity, the TDS sensor measures the total amount of dissolved solids to determine purity, and the turbidity sensor assesses the clarity of water, detecting particulate matter that may indicate contamination.The gathered data is displayed locally on a 16x2 LCD screen, providing instant access to real-time readings. Additionally, the ESP32 microcontroller is connected to the Blynk cloud platform, where data is transmitted and stored, enabling remote access and monitoring of water quality. Users can access the data from any location via the Blynk mobile application, making it highly versatile and accessible. By using the Blynk cloud, the system provides valuable flexibility for applications in remote or unattended environments, where it may not be practical to monitor water quality manually.The IoT-based water quality monitoring system holds significant potential for application across a range of sectors. In drinking water supply systems, it allows for continuous monitoring, which helps maintain safety standards by identifying variations in water quality immediately. For agricultural irrigation, the system ensures that crops receive water that meets quality standards, contributing to better crop health and yield. Industrial applications, where specific water standards are often required for processes, can also benefit from the system's ability to detect deviations in water quality.In conclusion, this IoT-enabled water quality monitoring system provides an efficient, real-time, and remotely accessible solution for monitoring water parameters. With the integration of IoT, it presents a cost-effective approach to water management, enhancing responsiveness to quality changes and contributing to health and environmental sustainability. This system not only reduces the reliance on periodic manual testing but also enables proactive water quality management, thus supporting the sustainability of natural resources in a variety of applications.

Investigation of Stereolithography Additively Manufactured Components for Deviations in Dimensional and Geometrical Features.

The rapid investment casting (RIC) process requires a 3D-printed pattern to create a ceramic mold. Stereolithography (SLA) is a commonly used 3D printing method for pattern creation due to its ability to print complex shapes with smooth surfaces. The printing parameters can significantly affect the dimensional accuracy of the pattern. This study examines how different build orientations (0°, 45°, and 90°) affect the dimensional accuracy of parts produced using SLA. The specimens were printed using castable wax resin. They were measured to investigate the dimensional deviations using 3D scanning technology to understand the correlation between orientation and accuracy better. It was found that the orientation of the print affects the overall accuracy significantly. Parts printed at a 45° angle generally showed the smallest deviations from their nominal dimensions, except for certain features. For instance, cylindrical features showed deviations improving from -7.28% at 0° to -4.81% at 90°, while spherical features had deviations decreasing from -5.01% at 0° to -2.46% at 90°. Simple features, such as holes, exhibited minimal deviation across orientations, with the smallest error observed at 45° (1.98%). These results demonstrate different features and build orientations can affect the accuracy of the printed part differently. To ensure better accuracy, parts printed in different build orientations will require varying amounts of compensation during the design stage. By managing build orientations and controlling the inherent limitations of SLA, users can improve the print's accuracy and meet quality standards more effectively. Research results can help industries optimize print settings and reduce dimensional errors.

The Possibility of Using Oil Pomace as a Substitute for Walnuts (Juglans regia L.) in Muesli Bar Technology.

The utilization of food industry waste to create innovative, high-quality products with reduced environmental impact is a growing trend in food technology. Walnut oil pomace, a byproduct of walnut oil production, is rich in nutrients and bioactive compounds, making it an excellent candidate for reuse in muesli bars as a replacement for walnuts. The aim of the study was to evaluate the possibility of replacing walnuts with oil pomace in muesli bar recipes and to assess whether the resulting product meets quality standards. Ground expeller walnut oil pomaces and aqueous extract were tested, with a bar containing ground walnuts serving as the reference sample. The bars were evaluated for sensory, physicochemical, and antioxidant properties, and their nutritional values were assessed. Results showed that the pomace-enriched bars exhibited satisfactory physicochemical properties, with texture, color, and safety (as measured by water activity and pH) comparable to the control bars. Sensory evaluations classified all bars as acceptable, with no significant differences in nutritional value. The study concludes that walnut pomace holds promise as a sustainable ingredient in food technology, potentially expanding product diversity while reducing environmental impact. This concept aligns with promoting sustainable practices in food manufacturing.

Assessing the Effectiveness of Multimodal Text-Based Whole-Language Learning Materials for Children

Whole Language is a teaching approach emphasizing the natural process of language acquisition, integrating reading, writing, speaking, and listening. This study addresses the need for Whole Language-based teaching materials that utilize multimodal texts to enhance Indonesian language learning for grade IV elementary students. This research developed and validated teaching materials based on the Whole Language approach. The materials incorporate steps such as Reading Aloud, Journal Writing, Sustained Silent Reading, Shared Reading, Guided Reading, Guided Writing, Independent Reading, and Independent Writing. A sample of grade IV students from West Jakarta was selected via simple random sampling. Validation involved three experts assessing material content, language, and media quality using Aiken's V. Validation scores were Aiken V = 0.75 (moderate) for material content, 0.86 (high) for language, and 0.83 (high) for media. These results indicate that the materials meet quality standards and are suitable for enhancing student engagement and comprehension. Findings demonstrate that Whole Language-based materials provide meaningful improvements in reading comprehension, motivation, and critical thinking skills. By emphasizing integrated skills and real-world contexts, these materials offer a holistic and effective learning experience. Whole Language-based teaching materials have the potential to significantly improve language learning outcomes and character education. Their implementation in classrooms can create a more engaging and meaningful learning environment, fostering both academic and personal growth in students.

Analisis Peramalan Persediaan Sparepart Menggunakan Metode Exponential Smoothing di PT. XYZ

XYZ is a manufacturing company that produces Yamaha brand motorbike parts such as electrical switches, electrical sockets, lever assembly and horns. Many of the products sent were returned by customers because they did not meet quality standards, for example in March 2024 there were 1,420 pcs out of a total of 19,900 pcs that were returned. This means that companies have to increase production time and costs to replace defective products that are returned because they do not have safety stock. Forecasting is needed to control the production system so that it does not experience over stock and safety stock shortages. This research aims to provide recommendations for forecasting methods that companies can use to minimize the occurrence of production excesses and shortages in the company. Forecasting is done based on historical company sales data for 12 months. The method used is the exponential smoothing method which is then tested whether this method can be used in the future. This calculation uses the help of POM-QM (Production Operation Management – Quantitative Method) software. Calculations are carried out by testing the MAD, MSE, and MAPE values to obtain calculation error values. The results obtained by forecasting the main sw srtg lock assembly product using the exponential smoothing method were 15,708 for demand for the next period, MAD 3.38, MSE 22.84 and MAPE value 26%. Based on these results, the exponential smoothing method can be a recommendation for companies to forecast future demand. This is because the value of forecasting accuracy or MAPE is reasonable. The smallest percentage of MAPE values has a fairly minimal possibility of error in forecasting results.

From Waste to Wealth: Entrepreneurial Ventures in Chitosan Extraction for Environmental Sustainability

The degradation of water quality in the environment can be attributed to the discharge of wastewater from shrimp ponds. Conversely, solid waste in the form of shrimp shells presents an entrepreneurial opportunity through the extraction of chitosan, a substance with the potential to enhance water quality while contributing to environmental sustainability. Sampling for this study was conducted at the Vannamei Nusantara Gemilang pond, located in Tambakrejo Village, Malang Regency, East Java. The research employed an experimental methodology with a quantitative approach, supplemented by a literature review. Various doses of chitosan solutions were tested on shrimp pond wastewater. The optimal results were obtained at a dosage of 80 mg/L, significantly outperforming the untreated water. The test outcomes for the 80 mg/L dosage included: BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) at 4.62 mg/L, Nitrite concentration at 0.045 mg/L, turbidity at 3.55 NTU (Nephelometric Turbidity Units), TSS (Total Suspended Solids) at 14.6 mg/L, TDS (Total Dissolved Solids) at 2974 mg/L, pH level at 6.31, and temperature at 31.40°C. Notably, the Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) levels did not meet quality standards, highlighting the need for further process optimization. These findings emphasize the potential of chitosan extraction as a sustainable solution, while also underscoring the importance of continued research into the economic feasibility of this waste-to-wealth approach. Further studies are necessary to refine the wastewater treatment process, quantify the economic benefits, and ensure the long-term viability of this entrepreneurial venture in environmental sustainability.

Pengendalian Persediaan Sparepart dengan Menggunakan Metode Fifo di Warehouse di PT.Heinz ABC Indonesia Pasuruan

Spare parts inventory is a common problem faced by many companies that use lots of machines or robots in their production processes. Where the spare parts warehouse in the company is required to always be prepared and there is no delay in the availability of spare parts to continue to support production machine activities. If the availability of spare parts is late or empty, it will hamper the production process activities within the company. Seeing this problem, researchers are trying to maintain the availability of spare parts using the FIFO (first in first out) method so as to prevent delays or stock shortages. The FIFO method is a method of inventory management that uses product stock in the warehouse based on the time of entry. By using this method, it is hoped that there will be no delays or stock vacancies in the warehouse due to irregularities in picking up spare parts in the warehouse. The aim of this research is to ascertain how the use of the FIFO method affects the warehouse's ability to manage spare parts inventory efficiently. Field research is this type of research. This research uses a qualitative data analysis methodology and inductive reasoning, which starts with precise and real facts before drawing conclusions from them. The research results provide significant benefits in increasing operational efficiency and reducing the possibility of excess or shortage of stock, which can disrupt production and delivery processes. Efficient receiving also helps in maintaining spare parts quality, ensuring that only items that meet quality standards are received and stored. Application of the FIFO method in the spare parts warehouse at PT. Heinz ABC Indonesia also has a positive impact on inventory recording and reporting. With a more regular flow of goods in and out, the recording system becomes more accurate and easier to track. This makes it easier for the accounting and management team to carry out audits and identify potential problems.

Evaluating the potability of domestic water supply sources using water quality index in Kilombero district, Tanzania

ABSTRACT The decline in water quality in various bodies of water has led to significant health risks for individuals relying on these sources for drinking and domestic use. The prevalence of waterborne diseases in some areas is attributed by inadequate water quality assessments of supply sources. This study focused on evaluating the potability of domestic water sources in the Kilombero district of Tanzania, where approximately 70% of the population depends on untreated natural sources. Two models were utilized: the Weighted Arithmetic Water Quality Index (WAWQI) and the Canadian Council of Ministers of Environment Water Quality Index (CCME WQI), analysing 15 water quality parameters. The WAWQI identified three groundwater sources as poor quality for consumption, while indicating seasonal improvements in water quality – from 12 in the wet season to 13 in the dry season. Conversely, the CCME WQI classified all 15 sources as potable, with an increase in ‘Excellent’ ratings from 9 to 13 between seasons. The findings showed that all surface water sources were deemed potable, while 67% of groundwater sources met quality standards. The remaining 33% of boreholes were categorized as having poor quality. Overall, both models indicated better water quality during the dry season, with surface water generally exhibiting higher quality than groundwater.