Medium Term Development Plan Research Articles

Literature Review: Stunting Prevention with Environmental and Nutrition in the Prenatal Period

Background: Stunting increases the global public health burden by contributing 45% of all under-five deaths. Children who experience stunting as a result of someone not getting the right amount of nutritional intake for a long period of time (chronic). Thus, stunting can actually be prevented with adequate nutritional intake, especially in the First 1000 Days of Life. The target set by the government through the 2020-2024 National Medium-Term Development Plan (RPJMN) is to reduce the percentage of stunting by 14%. Stunting prevention is more effective in the prenatal period where 80% before stunting occurs, When compared to chasing from stunting to non-stunting, the success is only 20%. Purpose: This study aims to analyze stunting prevention with enviroinmental and nutrition in the prenatal period. Methods: The method used in this study is to use a literature study with a search method, combine the results of research and analyze facts from several scientific sources that are accurate and valid. Results: The results showed that 69% of households defecated in open areas. hazard defecation behavior can cause environmental pollution due to the spread of pathogenic germs from the anus. The kinds of nutritions better consumted by prenatal are Moringa leaves, The Tubaramure Food, iron folic acids (IFA), lipid based nutritional supplements (LNS). Conclusion: The meal preparation, amount of food, energy intake, and protein intake to prevent stunting. We noted there are many kinds of nutrition and supplements such as food from Moringa leaves, Moringa leaf extract supplementation, Moringa powder, and blood-added tablets, IFA, iron and folic acid supplements (IFA), iron supplements, folic acid (IFA), and lipid supplements given to pregnant women can significantly prevent stunting in children. Continuous education and monthly monitoring of pregnant women diet during pregnancy classes at the Posyandu are suggested to prevent stunting in children.

Kajian Pengembangan Pesisir Kota Surabaya dengan Metode SWOT

Surabaya is a coastal area projected to be a strategic area for the sustainable development of coastal areas according to the medium-term development plan for Surabaya 2016-2021. The strategic area of the coastal area functions as a supporter of economic growth and saving the environment to optimize the development of the coastal area, so a study is needed to determine the development of the area. This study was conducted to determine the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in the coastal area of Surabaya. The researcher took a qualitative approach to the analysis and was the necessary case study. Analysis of this activity using the SWOT method. The SWOT analysis results from a comparison of internal and external factors; the analysis is carried out using the IFAS (Internal Factor Analysis Summary) matrix and the EFAS (External Factor Analysis Summary) matrix. Based on the SWOT analysis, it can be shown that the management of the Surabaya City coastal area is by the spatial plans that have been made. However, in reality, it must pay attention to communication and socialization with the community, which is considered not optimal, as well as periodic impact management and environmental maintenance to minimize coastal threats.

Analysis of the Preparation of the Regional Medium-Term Development Plan (RPJMD) of Minahasa Regency for the 2018-2023 Period

This study aims to explain the process of preparing the RPJMD in Minahasa Regency for the 2018-2023 period. In this study using a qualitative approach. The following research results are: 1) Preparation Cycle, the preparation of development plans is always based on the preparation and planning script and the planning cycle of development preparation provides convenience for Bappeltbangda, 2) Musrenbang activities, joint deliberation process After the initial draft of the RPJMD is refined and the draft of the PD Strategic Plan has been verified, then both are combined and become the draft of the RPJMD, 3) Planning and development, implementation of initial planning It has been systematically and the mechanism is based on the script system, there are inhibiting factors, namely discipline in SKPD data in evaluating their performance outcomes and outputs, lack of discipline and limited human resources.

Improving Adaptive Capacity of Riverine Communities in Responding to Floods in Beledweyne District, Somalia

This study aimed at improving the adaptive capacity of riverine communities in responding to floods in Beledweyne district, Somalia. The objectives of the study were to examine the factors that determine flood vulnerability of riverine communities in responding to floods in Beledweyne District, Somalia, to assess the indicators of adaptive capacity of riverine communities in responding to floods in Beledweyne District, Somalia and to evaluate the adopted strategies for improving adaptive capacities to flood hazards by riverine communities of Beledweyne District, Somalia. The study employed quantitative research approach using descriptive research design to analyse the adaptive capacity of riverine communities in responding to floods in Beledweyne District, Somalia. The research used data collection tools like questionnaire, interview and documentary review to collect the data. The main findings of the study were that there are many factors determining flood vulnerability of riverine communities in responding to floods in Beledweyne District, Somalia like staying very close to the river increases community members’ vulnerability to floods in the areas, staying near the estuary to flood, staying near the high-water mark, staying near the river defense walls, staying near the basin bridge with poor condition and many others. Secondly, the findings of the study indicate that there are indicators of adaptive capacity of riverine communities in responding to floods in Beledweyne District, Somalia which they encompass: low level of emergency and preparedness plan and resources, low level of emergency and preparedness plan and resources, low improvement of livelihoods and rural economy in the flood prone areas and low improvement of livelihoods and rural economy in the flood prone areas. Furthermore, the findings of the study indicate that the recommend strategies for improving adaptive capacities to flood hazards by riverine communities of Beledweyne District, Somalia entail: continuous assessment of the sector and infrastructure vulnerability in the riverine communities, executing early actions to increase economic resilience in livelihoods, assessment of the critical infrastructure (roads, bridges, utilities, prevention of ad hoc basin defenses, favor non-structural solutions and preparation and implementation of effective early warning messages that reach marginalized groups of people. The study recommends that there should be preparation of medium-term development and spatial plans, there should be proper preparation of medium-term development and spatial plans in Beledweyne district, preparation of proper local plans and the district authority or leaders in collaboration with the national leaders should prepare proper local plans for riverine communities.

LG and LGA’s Collaboration in SDGs Implementation of the Geopark of Sawahlunto City, Indonesia

This article elucidates the significance of collaboration between the Local Government (LG) and the Local Government Association (LGA) in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) implementation within Sawahlunto City Geopark, Indonesia that aims to explore the role of diverse stakeholders in shaping policy implementation in Indonesia, particularly in the context of Geopark tourism in Sawahlunto. The central issue at hand concerns how LGA can assist in surmounting challenges and bolstering Sawahlunto City's aspiration to elevate its status from a National Geopark to a UNESCO Global Geopark (UGG). This research employs theoretical frameworks and adopts a qualitative approach using the quadruple helix investigator model. Data collection was conducted through semi-structured interviews and the acquisition of information from primary and secondary sources, including Medium-Term Development Plan (RPJMD), Geopark documentation, Project Documents, and more. The research findings underscore the pivotal role played by UCLG ASPAC, as an LGA, in collaborating with LG to optimize the involvement of other stakeholders in advancing RPJMD, particularly in the realm of tourism aligned with SDG 11.4. Furthermore, this collaboration is crucial for aiding LG in realizing its aspiration to attain UGG status. Additionally, it emphasizes the imperative for regional governments with geopark potential to develop their regional assets.

Unleashing the Power of Capacity Building: Transforming Governance and Policy Implementation in the Digital Era

This study aims to outline the strengths of capacity building and the problems associated with the lack of capacity in the context of governance transformation and policy implementation in the digital era, and initiate an innovative and sustainable capacity-building strategy as a fundamental solution. This study uses a qualitative approach and document analysis to obtain a more detailed analysis. Data was obtained from the National Planning and Development Agency, namely the National Medium-Term Development Plan (RPJMN) 2020-2024. This data included human resource development and infrastructure development in terms of information and communication technology (ICT) related to digital transformation, as well as policies that support digital transformation. The findings of this research illustrate that in terms of the quality of human resources, there are still shortcomings in skills and collaboration between government, universities, and other stakeholders in the industry, and there are still inequalities in access to information in various regions. In addition, there are still obstacles to the implementation of digital transformation in Indonesia in the delivery of public services from the aspects of leadership and political commitment, budget availability, infrastructure readiness, and the digital divide. Thus, strategies are needed to deal with them effectively. It can then be concluded that the dimension of human resource development needs to increase worker skills and knowledge related to digital technology in the public sector. Likewise, the dimension of strengthening organizational capacity that changes in organizational culture are key to dealing with governance transformation in the digital era. In the institutional reform dimension, it is important to evaluate and make changes to the existing institutional structures and processes.
 Keywords: capacity building, transformation governance, digital governance

Landak Industrial Park (LIP) Development Strategy

Landak Industrial Park (KIL; Kawasan Industri Landak) is a national strategic project for Industrial Estates in West Kalimantan and is included in the List of 14 Priority Industrial Estate Developments Outside Java Island in the 2020-2024 National Medium-Term Development Plan (RPJMN; Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Menengah Nasional). The construction of KIL is experiencing delays, and to prevent the project from stalling, the main sources of industrial growth are new investment and increased utility from the current capacity. This study’s approach is both qualitative and quantitative. The analysis technique used is SWOT analysis using Internal Strategic Factor Analysis Summary (IFAS) and External Strategic Factor Analysis Summary (EFAS), developed using spatial analysis techniques from the concept of economic aggregation, which then generates value propositions and makes them the basis of a marketing strategy that includes market segmentation (segmenting), setting market targets (targeting), and creating a unique position (positioning). The result is from the SWOT analysis. KIL is in the turnaround quadrant, a position with a strategy of maximizing opportunities because it has major internal weaknesses. The geographical reach of other economic groups or business clusters that are quite close together is a trigger for the development of KIL. Scenarios from the KIL development strategy are expected to support strategic business decisions.

Landak Industrial Park (LIP) Development Strategy

Landak Industrial Park (KIL; Kawasan Industri Landak) is a national strategic project for Industrial Estates in West Kalimantan and is included in the List of 14 Priority Industrial Estate Developments Outside Java Island in the 2020-2024 National Medium-Term Development Plan (RPJMN; Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Menengah Nasional). The construction of KIL is experiencing delays, and to prevent the project from stalling, the main sources of industrial growth are new investment and increased utility from the current capacity. This study’s approach is both qualitative and quantitative. The analysis technique used is SWOT analysis using Internal Strategic Factor Analysis Summary (IFAS) and External Strategic Factor Analysis Summary (EFAS), developed using spatial analysis techniques from the concept of economic aggregation, which then generates value propositions and makes them the basis of a marketing strategy that includes market segmentation (segmenting), setting market targets (targeting), and creating a unique position (positioning). The result is from the SWOT analysis. KIL is in the turnaround quadrant, a position with a strategy of maximizing opportunities because it has major internal weaknesses. The geographical reach of other economic groups or business clusters that are quite close together is a trigger for the development of KIL. Scenarios from the KIL development strategy are expected to support strategic business decisions.

Religious Moderation: Identity Politics, Policy, and Social Change in Islamic Religious Colleges

<p>Religious moderation is politically included in public policies that are integrated into the 2020-2024 National Medium-Term Development Plan (Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Menengah Nasional, RPJMN). Ministry of Religion as the leading sector for mainstreaming religious moderation in its environment has the responsibility to translate religious moderation from the narrative of religious moderation to the real action in its institutional units. This research is qualitative research conducted at State Islamic University (Universitas Islam Negeri, UIN) Walisongo Semarang which seriously promotes religious moderation in the institution. The results of this study are the problem of strengthening identity politics as one of the main causes of religious extremism and social change that exist, one of the efforts to minimize social turmoil in UIN Walisongo is by instilling the values of religious moderation through the tri dharma of university, namely teaching, research, and community service. The aspect of locality is the main capital in implementing religious moderation at UIN Walisongo. Indigenous religiosity combines religion and locality with a theo-anthropocentric approach, exploring cultural values in order to strengthen religion in the implementation aspect. The impact of the implementation of the data religious moderation policy is seen from the realm of ideality of policy content in the religious moderation policy, which can be seen from the integration of relations or a harmonious relationship between individual elements and social elements in human interaction which is the main target in the religious moderation policy promoted by the Ministry of Religion.</p>

The Relationship Between Maternal Knowledge Level And Feeding Practices With Dietary Patterns In Stunted Children

Introduction: Stunting in children becomes a problem as a result of several factors including the level of mother's knowledge, feeding rules, and eating patterns. Data from Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) for 2022, the stunting rate in Indonesia is 21.6% (Ministry of Health RI, 2022). While the target standard for the National Medium-Term Development Plan (RPJMN) is 19% in 2024. This study aims to analyze the relationship between the level of mother's knowledge and feeding rules with eating patterns in stunted children. Methods: This research employed a correlational study design and a cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of 87 respondents selected using a simple random sampling technique. This study’s independent variables were maternal knowledge and feeding rules, and the dependent variable was dietary habits. The data was collected using a maternal knowledge level questionnaire, a fundamental feeding rules questionnaire, and a children’s feeding questionnaire (CFQ), which was subsequently analyzed using Spearman’s Rho with a significance level of α=0,05. Results: The bivariate analysis findings demonstrated a significant correlation between maternal knowledge and dietary habits patterns (p=0.000) (r=0.372). In addition, there was a significant correlation between feeding rules and dietary habits (p=0.000) (r=0.424). Conclusion: The level of maternal knowledge and feeding rules were related to children’s diet patterns. The level of maternal knowledge and feeding rules were factors associated with the dietary habits of stunted children; thus, increasing maternal knowledge and feeding rules would improve the diet patterns.

Impact Analysis of Oil and Gas Companies' CSR Programs for Mitigation and Adaptation of Climate Change Impact

In the 6th assessment report published by the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change), it is stated that the impact of climate change will be felt on the settlements and infrastructure of people living in coastal areas. The magnitude of this potential impact has encouraged the Anambas Islands Regional Government to include this impact in the Anambas Islands District Medium Term Development Plan for 2021-2026. Of course, synergy is needed in handling these impacts by involving all stakeholders, including oil and gas companies operating in this area. This study aims to determine the impact of climate change and the forms of community adaptation, as well as community perceptions of the contribution of oil and gas companies through the CSR change program in order to help mitigate climate impacts and also increase the adaptability of the community. Data was collected from all stakeholders as well as beneficiaries of the company's CSR program, by conducting in-depth interviews, observations, and also using a questionnaire. For the general public, climate change has begun to be felt with extreme weather conditions that often cause disasters, as well as decreased catches of fishermen in coastal areas. In fact, in certain seasons it will affect the smooth transportation of sea people, so that it can affect people's daily activities. Regarding the CSR program that has been carried out by oil and gas companies, the community considers this program very important for them, but further efforts still need to be made in order to meet their expectations, including increasing income.

Literatur Review Peran Dukungan Keluarga pada Pasien Pasca Stroke dalam Latihan Rehabilitasi Medik

Introduction: According to the Indonesian Medium-Term Development Plan IV for the year 2020 - 2024, stroke is ranked as the top disease in Indonesia, with a 93.4% increase from the previous period. Additionally, data from the 2018 Riskesdas P2TM shows that out of 3 individuals who experienced a stroke, 2 of them suffered disabilities. Objective: To analyze the role of family support in post-stroke patients' engagement in medical rehabilitation exercises. Method: This study utilized data from a literature review based on previous research. High-quality secondary data sources such as Google Scholar, Mendeley, and Research Gate were used to search for data in the literature review. These databases facilitate access to reputable journals as the primary references. Results: Based on the analysis of 5 journals conducted by various researchers, it was found that family support plays a significant role in motivating post-stroke patients to engage in medical rehabilitation exercises. Conclusion: There is a correlation between family support and the motivation of post-stroke patients to participate in medical rehabilitation exercises. Families serve not only as sources of social support but also actively encourage and motivate patients to achieve optimal recovery levels.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BUDGET POLICY, FISCAL CAPACITY AND STUNTING PREVALENCE IN INDONESIA

The prevalence of stunting in Indonesia is still above the world stunting average, although it shows a downward trend (Central Statistics Agency, 2020). The deterioration in the quality of life of children with growth, development and metabolic disorders increases health care costs. In the long run, stunting can affect the quality of human resources and social development in Indonesia. Alderman et al. (2006) found that children with developmental delays tend to have lower cognitive abilities, lower incomes, and less than optimal productivity when they grow up so that it will affect the improvement of the quality of Human Resources and the nation's competitiveness in the future. Strengthening the quality of human resources is still a top priority in the 2020-2024 RPJMN, in connection with efforts to strengthen these human resources, the Government has established a National Strategy for the Acceleration of Stunting Prevention in 2020-2024. In the National Medium-Term Development Plan (RPJMN) 2020-2024, the Indonesian government sets a target of reducing the prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years old by only 14% by 2024. Stunting reduction is a national priority program, so budget policies and fiscal capacity adequacy are needed. The stunting reduction budget from the State Budget is channeled through the Provincial-District/City Governments according to the authority for these activities. The budget allocation is expected to be part of orchestration with own regional funds to reduce stunting prevalence in Indonesia. This study will analyze the relationship between budget policies, fiscal capacity conditions, and stunting prevalence in 34 (thirty-four) provinces in Indonesia from 2018 to 2022 using the fixed effect method.
 Keywords: Budget Policy, Fiscal Capacity, Stunting Prevalence.

Parental stature as a risk factor for stunting in Indonesia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Stunting is defined by height of more than two standard deviations below the World Health Organization's (WHO) child growth standard median. It is a significant nutritional problem in developing countries, where in 2021, Indonesia recorded a stunting prevalence at 24.4%, slightly higher than the global prevalence (22%). Reducing the prevalence of stunting has been the focus of the current administration in the Indonesian government, as delineated in the 2020-2024 National Medium-Term Development Plan. Globally, many studies have addressed parental stature as a risk factor of stunting. However, systematic reviews that summarized and critically appraised the relationship between parental stature and the incidence of stunting in Indonesia was scarce. This systematic review aimed to assess parental stature as a risk factor for stunting among Indonesian toddlers. Studies were searched through PubMed (MEDLINE), Google Scholar and Mendeley. Studies on Indonesian toddlers under five years old living in Indonesia were included. The quality of the included studies was assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tool. Data were extracted using a standardized data extraction form and were analyzed using Cochrane's RevMan 5.3. Twenty-seven prospective and retrospective cohort, case-control and cross-sectional studies were included with a total 4041 children. Out of 27 included studies, eight were found to be of low, seven of moderate and twelve of high quality. The result showed that parental stature was associated with the incidence of stunting among toddlers in Indonesia, either the mother only (odds ratio (OR) 1.92; 95% confidence interval (95%CI: 1.71-2.15), the father only (OR 5.21; 95%CI: 1.71-15.86) or both parents (OR 3.01; 95%CI: 2.41-3.75). However, studies on father and both parental statures suffered from substantial heterogeneity, imprecision and mixed qualities, therefore, they should be cautiously interpreted.

Peluang dan Hambatan Dinas Komunikasi Informatika Statistik dan Persandian dalam mendukung program pembangunan Gubernur Sulawesi Selatan (2018-2023)

The world of global information is experiencing very rapid development, which is marked by the massive and widespread use of information and communication technology by the public and makes it easier for state administrators to serve the community. Enhancement of quality management based on technology, information, and communication is the wrong effort by the government to create transparency and not quite enough to answer maintenance. Matter This is required to increase the ability of the government to provide services to the public. The priority program of the South Sulawesi Provincial Communication Informatics and Encoding Office in an effort to support the vision and mission of the Governor of South Sulawesi in the Regional Medium Term Development Plan (RPJMD) of the South Sulawesi Province is "South Sulawesi that is Innovative, Productive, Competitive, Inclusive, and Characteristic". Program Development and Implementation for e-Government as well as the ‘Baruga Layanan publik’ Development Program Local government must improve the quality of communication related to various programs and activities and ensure that they are accepted, followed, and obeyed by the community. So far, the use of the media is still lacking, especially in the South Sulawesi Provincial Government. Several local and national media outlets are increasingly dominated by leader news, while OPD activities that are directly related to people's lives are not well coordinated and distributed. Especially when it comes to the realization of priority programs.

Kolaborasi Multi Stakeholders Dalam Praktik Corporate Social Responsibility Pada Konservasi Terumbu Karang di Tanjung Kupang

As a company active in the field of oil fuel distribution, PT Pertamina Patra Niaga Fuel Terminal Tenau has implemented the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) program, namely the conservation of coral reefs in the area of Tanjung Kupang, Kelurahan Alak through the Kelompok Anana Laut, under the name of Lembu Lestari. The programme is important to note, because it is unique in its multi-stakeholder cohesion that has played an active and collaborative role in the success of the programme, given that in 2021, Tropical Cyclone Seroja destroyed 90% of the coral reefs in Tanjung Kupang and its surroundings, causing damage to the biodiversity that lives in the area. The research uses qualitative-descriptive methods combined with CSR implementation theory and multi-stakeholder collaboration. The research data is obtained through two stages, observation and focus group discussion. The results of the research showed that the role of multi stakeholders involved in the Lembu Lestari program carried out by PT Pertamina Patra Niaga Fuel Terminal Tenau understood the important role of stakeholder in supporting the company's operations, which is also correlated with the Regional Medium-Term Development Plan (RPJMD), by managing the relationship with the stakeholder, the company also refers to the established principles of governance. Nevertheless, this activity also has its own challenges, namely, how to pursue consistency of stakeholder engagement, as well as identify the next steps to ensure that the Lembu Lestari program is sustainable.

STRATEGIES OF RELIGIOUS MODERATION HOUSE IN RUNNING ITS ROLE ON PTKI

The mainstreaming of religious moderation is included in the 2020-2024 National Medium Term Development Plan (RPJMN) compiled by Bappenas. PTKI (Islamic Religious Colleges) has a strategic role in strengthening religious moderation by establishing RMB (Religious Moderation House) as the Leading Sector in the internalization of moderate religious understanding in the campus environment. However, the position of RMB in terms of the organization in several Islamic colleges is still unclear, thus affecting the sources of institutional funding. The purpose of this study is to describe RMB's strategies in disseminating Wasathiyyah Islam to students. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques through interviews, observation, and documentation. The data were then analyzed using the Huberman technique which consisted of data collection, data presentation, data reduction, and conclusions. The credibility of the data was tested using a triangulation technique of methods and data sources. The results showed that the RMB strategies in disseminating Wasathiyyah Islam to students consisted of 1) focusing on virtual world activities that minimized the use of budgets such as building social media networks by creating official institutional accounts on the website, Instagram, Facebook, YouTube, etc., 2) developing creative and interactive contents with messages and activities of religious moderation, 3) facilitating lecturers and students who wish to disseminate the results of their thoughts and research related to religious moderation, and 4) compiling a book containing a collection of articles from the RMB management as a final project.

Grassroots stakeholders’ perception of participation in the Medium-Term Development Plan of District Assemblies in Ghana: The case of Sawla-Tuna-Kalba District

Following Ghana's decentralisation policy, the District Assemblies, in consultation with communities, are required to prepare and implement Medium-Term Development Plans [MTDPs] to ensure the overall development of their respective jurisdictions. However, little consideration has been given to the participation of grassroots stakeholders in the development of MTDPs. Consequently, this study investigates the participation of grassroots stakeholders in developing MTDPs. A cross-sectional survey involving 139 respondents was deployed. The data were gathered using a questionnaire and an interview guide, and it was analyzed using descriptive statistics, Spearman's Rank Correlation, and thematic analysis. Results indicated that grassroots stakeholders were aware of their right to participate in the preparation of MTDPs. As such, they actively participated in the process that led to developing such plans addressing community needs. Additionally, awareness of MTDP, involvement, level of influence, satisfaction with the preparation of MTDPs, satisfaction with the quality of participation in the area council, level of confidence in the preparation of MTDP, representation adequacy, and capture of community needs had statistically significant associations at the 1% level with the associations being positive. Nonetheless, the implementation of MTDPs is jeopardised by limited funding, stakeholder commitment, and human capacity. To ensure the smooth implementation of the MTDPs, the Assembly must intensify its revenue mobilisation efforts, depoliticise the MTDP process, and build staff capacity on the involvement of the grassroots stakeholders.

Unpacking decentralization failures in promoting popular participation in the Ketu South Municipality of Ghana

Decentralization of governance across the globe, especially in sub-Saharan Africa was precipitated by the need to ensure the participation of the citizenry in the development planning and implementation at the local level. This is to ensure that local problems are identified by those affected and remedied through policies formulated through the participation of the citizenry at the local level. In line with this, subnational government authorities were created at the local level to ensure effective local government administration. Against this backdrop, this study investigated the challenges hindering the active participation of the citizenry in local governance in the Ketu South Municipality of the Volta Region of Ghana. A qualitative research design was adopted. The study purposively selected thirty-five (35) participants in the study area for the purposes of its primary data collection through interviews. This study investigated the fact that citizens were expected to participate in local governance through community engagement forums, budgeting, and financial planning, medium-term development planning, preparation of annual action plans, and participation in district level elections. The results of the study showed that low participation of the citizenry in local government is attributable to citizens’ lack of information and education on the need for local-level participation, inadequate political structures of the Metropolitan Municipal and District Assemblies, and inadequate resources at the local government level. To ensure and promote the active participation of the citizenry at the local level, there is the need to educate the citizenry, and ensure that there are adequate and sufficient resources at the local level.

People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) based on clinical characteristics

Background : Since it was discovered and identified ten years ago, the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) has the potential to produce the immunodeficiency syndrome condition known as Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). In the 2020-2024 National Medium-Term Development Plan (RPJMN), one of the policy and strategy directions is to increase access and quality of health services towards universal health coverage. Improving disease control, where HIV AIDS and sexually transmitted infections are part of the policy direction. In order to improve the quality of services for PLWHIV, it is necessary to have a comprehensive perspective of the medical officers, so there is a need for patient mapping based on the characteristics of the patients being treated.Purpose: To determine the description of the clinical stage based on characteristics of PLWHIV at the Sukabumi Public Health Center, Bandar Lampung in 2021.Method: This study is a quantitative descriptive observational study with a cross-sectional approach.Results : The results of the study, it is known that the characteristics of PLWHIV based on gender that's male are 67%, there 41.7% of PLWHIV are 31-40 years old, level of education PLWHIV are 67% have a senior high school, 52.4% as private employees, and 62,1% of PLWHIV live in cities. The results showed that at stage 1 the age group was 21-30 years old, the clinical stage 2 patients were 31-40 years old, the clinical stage 3 patients were 31-40 years old, and the clinical stage 4 patients were 21-30 years old. The results of the study also revealed that most of the patients in stages 1–4 had a senior high school education, worked as private employees, and lived in urban areas