Medium-sized Business Development Research Articles

Применение инструментария межрегионального экономиче-ского анализа для оценки текущего состояния и перспектив функционирования предприятий малого бизнеса в России

Small business development is the strategy of sustainable socio-economic development of the country and its regions. To assess the current state and prospects of entrepreneurship development and to attract young people to the entrepreneurial environment, interregional analysis of the functioning of small businesses is necessary. The analysis is carried out on the basis of official statistical and analytical data using modern analytical tools. The purpose of the study is to conduct interregional economic analysis, the essence of which is comparative analysis of small businesses in different regions of Russia. Such methods of interregional analysis as comparison, juxtaposition, best estimates, rating, dynamic series, segmentation and others form modern tools of information and analytical support of business processes in management, economic and mathematical analysis, and regional economics. Separate components of analytical tools are reflected in the article, based on up-to-date analytical data obtained from official sources of Russia entrepreneurship database. As a result, publications reflecting the importance of analyzing the state and dynamics of small and medium-sized businesses development and focusing on the features and characteristics of enterprises functioning and regulation under new economic conditions are overviewed. Current state and prospects for the development of small enterprises in the regions of Russia and new regions are analyzed on the basis of methods of comparison, juxtaposition, and dynamic series construction. On the basis of the revealed trends and patterns, important directions of national policy in the field of entrepreneurship are formulated.

Digital entrepreneurship as a result of the transformation of the labor market in a pandemic

Object: Study the impact and adaptation of digital information system of the economy on the development of the level of small and medium-sized enterprises, increasing the labor market in pandemic conditions. Study of how the economy's digital information system has affected and evolved small and medium-sized business development, as well as the growth of the labor market in conjunction with the pandemic.Methods: The theoretical literature on this topic served as the foundation for the study's methodology. Emerging problems of the labor market of Kazakhstan in the conditions of COVID-19 pandemic were identified through qualitative and quantitative analysis of statistical data. The analytical part of the study organizes the findings from the examination of the Republic's small- and medium-sized business support programs, which allowed for the evaluation of economic processes overall and the formulation of broad conclusions.Findings: The study identifies relevant aspects of the development of digital entrepreneurship in the modern economy; the scientific approach to the concept of digital economy and digital entrepreneurship is implemented as a result of the study of literary sources; the factors that have a significant impact on the transformation of the functioning labor market are identified; the degree of influence of these factors on the Kazakh economy is determined. For a qualitative change in the labor market, the authors identified a tangible need to increase the digital literacy of the population, new thinking skills, increase the level and quality of education, which will undoubtedly change the structure of human resource potential and ultimately increase labor productivity. Entrepreneurs have unique opportunities to apply high-tech inventions in practice to improve the business model of organizations. Thus, the following opportunities open up: the emergence of digital platforms as representatives of fundamentally new institutions; the emergence of the “peer-to-peer” communications function, when opportunities arise for communication participants directly without a company and market; the emergence of effective organizations with a reduced middle management function and increased directive control.Conclusions: This study analyzes digital mechanisms that search for new opportunities for employment in Kazakhstan's economy. In today's economy, a necessary requirement for its successful development is undoubtedly the development of a digital environment. To characterize the ways of introducing digital tools into business processes, the state Program “Digital Kazakhstan”, aimed at supporting economic entities, was studied. The study analyzed the employment of people in digital business. An assessment was also made of the degree of transformation of Kazakhstan’s employment models depending on arising emergency situations. An important aspect of the work is the development of recommendations for the further expansion of business digitalization.

BANK LENDING AS A FACTOR IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED BUSINESSES IN KAZAKHSTAN

In modern conditions, one of the urgent tasks of the Republic of Kazakhstan is to maximise the development of small and medium-sized businesses. Small and medium business has a direct impact on the economic well-being of the state. And it largely depends on solving the problems of employment, filling the domestic market with domestic goods, replenishing the state budget and creating a competitive environment. The development of small and medium-sized businesses is a key tool for economic growth and socio-political modernisation.
 This article examines the dynamics of small and medium-sized business development in Kazakhstan, including indicators such as the contribution of small and medium-sized businesses to the country's gross domestic product, the number of small and medium-sized businesses registered and operating, and the number of people employed in this area, and analyses small and medium-sized businesses lending by second-tier banks for 2018-2020, which covers the period before the pandemic and during the pandemic. During the period of restrictive measures, the state provided support to small and medium-sized businesses in the form of tax exemptions, interest relief on loans previously obtained by businesses, and relief on rent payments. However, despite this, problems have been identified in this aspect. In order to eliminate the identified problems of small and medium-sized business lending, prospective directions for further development of small and medium-sized enterprises in the Republic of Kazakhstan have been developed.

ДЕРЖАВНА ПІДТРИМКА МАЛОГО ТА СЕРЕДНЬОГО БІЗНЕСУ В УКРАЇНІ

The article highlights the main directions of state support for small and medium-sized businesses and the functions of the state as a supporter of business development, which consists in providing not only financial but also information support, creation and maintenance of institutional support and infrastructure. The reasons of ineffective activity of the enterprises, connected with the unbalanced state policy and the lack of protection from the state are also considered. The current directions of support of small and medium-sized businesses, including those taking into account European programs, are described. State support for small and medium-sized businesses today can be considered insufficiently effective, as evidenced by a number of examples and the consequences of ill-considered decisions of the authorities, which, with the aim of stabilizing the economy in the state, have a tangible impact on the activities of small businesses and endanger the existence of a significant part of it. The development for small and medium-sized businesses is important for the country in terms of social and economic character. Effective development of this sector of the economy requires state support at the proper level. Ukraine does not have such support because of the large number of deterrent factors. A number of measures have been proposed for small and medium-sized businesses development. Among them – the universal methods of state regulation and acceleration. Also, in order to stimulate the activities for small and medium-sized businesses, it was proposed to consider the experience of European countries. Small business abroad serves as a basis for a stable economy and is the basis for the EU's social and economic development. Small business stimulates the development of competition, the introduction of the latest technology. Therefore, European society for small and medium-sized businesses, the main purpose of which is to balance the interests of the state and business, provide optimal conditions for entrepreneurship, increase the competitiveness o for small and medium-sized businesses and the country in particular. Ukraine has no clear strategy for regulating for small and medium-sized businesses, the financing system for the formation and development of small businesses is imperfect, legal and organizational issues for micro enterprises remain unmanageable.

Modern trends in the development of small businesses taxing

The article is devoted to assessing the role and determining the directions of improving the efficiency of the tax administration system in order to develop the activities of small and medium-sized businesses and the development of individual entrepreneurial initiative in the Russian Federation as priorities of the national economy. The study includes two parts: the first is devoted to the identification of modern trends in the tax administration of small businesses, the second - the directions of their development. The research methodology includes general scientific and private scientific methods of cognition, including analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, method of comparison, generalization, analysis of dynamic series, graphical method of data representation and visualization. The scientific novelty of the study consists in the comprehensive development of proposals to improve a number of mechanisms and tools for tax administration of small businesses, ensuring the effective implementation of state policy in the field of small and medium-sized business development, contributing to the activation of individual entrepreneurial initiative. The scope of application of the research' results: The Government of the Russian Federation, the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation and the Federal Tax Service, the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation, other interested public authorities and management bodies can use the results of the study in determining ways to develop tax administration in the Russian Federation in terms of stimulating the activities of small and medium-sized businesses.

ENTREPRENEURIAL POTENTIAL OF BELARUS CITIZENS LIVING IN AREAS CONTAMINATED BY RADIONUCLIDES

This article analyzes the strategies in entrepreneurship of the citizens of the Republic of Belarus who currently live in the areas that were affected by the Chernobyl disaster. The empirical base consists of the results from the scientific research “To carry out a socio­logical assessment of the entrepreneurial potential of the territories affected by the Chernobyl disaster within the framework of the event ‘To conduct a sociological assessment of the factors, mechanisms and conditions of development of small and medium-sized businesses in the territories affected by the accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant’” of the State Program for elimination of the effects of the Chernobyl disaster for 2021-2025 (No. GR 20213172). Object of the present research is the adult (aged 16-59 years) population of the Republic of Belarus who lives in the areas affected by the Chernobyl disaster. Subject of the research is entrepreneurial activity of different socio-demographic and territorial groups of the population of the areas affected by the Chernobyl disaster as well as their evaluation of the conditions for small and medium-sized business development. The research resulted in identifying the hybrid nature of socio-economic systems of the regions under study as the employment structure combines market and non-market preferences and motivations with a slight prevalence of market ones. On the one hand, in a present competitive environment mixed economic systems that combine market and non-market structures have a greater chance of success. On the other hand, in such systems a strategic value is assigned to the need for strengthening of moral structures of a personality which allow to maintain balance between material and spiritual aspects of life. After all, the preponderance of material aspects leads to consumer sentiments that are difficult to satisfy. As a consequence, it results in the decline of fertility rates, environmental issues, and the increase of social tensions.

Investigation of program mechanisms efficiency for the small and medium-sized businesses development in Russia

The study examines the improvement trends of small and medium-sized businesses in Russia by the year 2021. Measures of state support aimed at developing the entrepreneurship are outlined. The effective growth of entrepreneurship leads to the satisfaction of products, works, services, and new jobs. Support for small and medium-sized business entities in foreign countries is at a higher level than in Russia. This is due not only to the long period of formation of the market economy but also to the fact that foreign countries’ government attaches great importance to small forms of enterprises and supports them by implementing special programs and providing benefits. The study aims to evaluate the program mechanisms’ efficiency for developing small and medium-sized entrepreneurship in Russia. The authors substantiated a system of indicators characterizing state support’s socio-economic efficiency in consolidated blocks: entrepreneurial, budgetary, and social efficiency. A methodology for assessing state programs’ efficiency for developing small and medium-sized businesses, including integral indicators based on the standardization of entrepreneurial efficiency components, has been developed. This methodology makes it possible to identify the relationship between the social aspects of entrepreneurial activity and state support.

MANAGEMENT OF THE INCOME AND BUSINESS ACTIVITY OF THE POPULATION IN THE CONTEXT OF DE-SHADOWING THE ECONOMY OF UKRAINE

Abstract. The shadowing of the economy is a significant obstacle on the way to stable economic development and the reason for deteriorating investment climate and imbalance of economic incentives in the national economy of Ukraine. The aim of the article is to determine the factors of shadowing and de-shadowing of Ukraine’s economy in the areas of household income and business and investment activity of the population, as well as justification of measures to de-shadow economic processes in Ukraine. On the basis the calculation of the Fechner correlation coefficient, the relationship between the level of the shadow economy of Ukraine and indicators of household income and indicators of small and medium-sized business development was revealed. Іn the sphere of household income factors determining level of the black economy are as follows: increacing in disposable income per capita (the correlation coefficient -0,75), the change in the wage share in househol incomes (the correlation coefficient -0,75), the level of social payments (the correlation coefficient +0,5) and employment (the correlation coefficient +0,75). In the field of entrepreneurship the most sagnificant factors determining level of the underground economy are change in the volume of sales of small and medium-sized businesses (the correlation coefficient -0,75) as well as change of financial result of small enterprises (functional inverse relationship). It is necessary to increase the incomes of the population, stimulate their investment and entrepreneurial activity, in particular, liberalize tax policy for small and medium-sized businesses in order to reduce the level of the underground economy of Ukraine. Special attention should be paid to the development of small businesses, in particular, to changing approaches to regulatory policy in the field of small businesses, to simplify organizational procedures related to doing business as much as possible and ensure the availability of credit. Keywords: underground economy, tax policy, small businesses, medium-sized businesses, entrepreneurial activity. JEL Classification O17, H25, D31 Formulas: 1; fig.: 9; tabl.: 8; bibl.: 21.

Current state and directions of small and medium-sized businesses development in the Republic of Kazakhstan

The article analyzes the current state of small and medium-sized businesses in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The author reveals the essence of business through the prism of public administration and defines its role in the economy of Kazakhstan. As a result of the study, the features and systemic problems in the functioning of small and mediumsized businesses in the Republic of Kazakhstan were studied. When analyzing the current state and development of SMEs in the Republic, the method of collecting information and, in part, the method of abstraction were used for effective search, grouping, processing and generalization of the necessary material. The study of the economic dynamics of indicators by means of a comparative method to establish cause –and-effect relationships and identify systemic problems of state regulation and development of small business. Through the application of appropriate general and private economic methods, promising directions for further development of small and medium-sized businesses in the Republic of Kazakhstan were developed, which include: improving the strategy and tactics of interaction between representatives of SME and the authorities; improving legislation (tax, financial and innovation) in the field of SME support; improving mechanisms that ensure access to financial resources for SME; creation of Centers financed by state for the training specialized personnel and intensification of the development of modern forms of business integration.

USING BENCHMARKING TO FACILITATE EFFECTIVE BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT MANAGEMENT

The article seeks to explore the need for benchmarking as a management tool to facilitate effective doing business and its further development in the context of increased dynamism of the market environment in Ukraine while ensuring sustainable competitive market positions and entry of domestic products and companies into world markets, which in turn, fosters continuous product improvement, promotes business development and assumes a range of strategic actions to enhance competitiveness in the future. It is argued that to achieve long-term business success, stakeholders should obtain reliable information on their major competitors to gain business development efficiency and select an optimal management framework. From this perspective, benchmarking is viewed as a good method to gain a competitive edge. Within the scope of the study, benchmarking is a process of multifaceted comparison and evaluation of a particular company against others, the ones that have achieved better success, or have become leaders in the same industry or in other sectors. Today, benchmarking has evolved into an integral element in a management paradigm of effective business development and part of its strategic management practice to enhance the activity outcomes of any enterprise wishing to outperform their competitors and to be resistant to changes in external and internal environment. In modern realia of small and medium-sized business development, it is rather challenging to maintain their competitive positions in the market which makes businesses consistently search for new effective methods to increase their profitability, competitiveness, as well as work out better management policies and more efficient development scenarios. Undoubtedly, top managers, businessmen, business owners and other stakeholders are keen to have information on the methodology and tools of running and managing their businesses and forecast the performance outcomes. Nowadays, it is critical that benchmarking analysis is congruent with the overall business strategy aimed at effective company development and management, which ultimately will help to pin down and use the key success factors. Benchmarking technology is a promising tool to boost business opportunities as well as to track the latest trends and innovations in the production of goods and services raising the product quality subject to international standards requirements. Thus, driving the focus towards better business management and its effective development, the study suggests the following action plan to be implemented: to evaluate the internal potential; to forecast future development in the selected business areas; to provide a comparative assessment against the reference benchmarks; to substantiate target values of the desired business performance parameters taking into account the available potential and the key competitors’ achievements; to structure business goals according to the functional elements in business operational areas; to elaborate a range of measures to ensure gaining a leading position including the design of new innovative approaches and the current business process improvement plan.

Regional aspect of small and medium-sized business development in Russia

The article discusses topical problems associated with the development of small and medium-sized businesses in the Russian Federation. The purpose of this study is to analyze the situation of small and medium-sized businesses, as well as determine the main directions of development of small and medium-sized businesses in modern conditions. The authors analyze the main directions of state policy in the field of business development. Special attention is paid to the factors influencing the development of entrepreneurship. The article considers the importance of the tax on professional income as a special tax regime for self-employed citizens. The authors believe that the introduction of a tax on professional income will affect not only self-employed citizens wishing to register, but also acting individual entrepreneurs who work without hiring employees, and individual entrepreneurs applying the patent taxation system may consider registration as self-employed as an alternative option. The inclusion of self-employed citizens in the composition of small and medium-sized businesses is substantiated. The authors analyzed the dynamics of the number of small and medium-sized businesses in the Russian Federation, including in the context of micro-enterprises, small and medium-sized enterprises. The dynamics of the average number of employees employed in small and medium-sized businesses, as well as the dynamics of the number of small and medium-sized businesses per 1,000 people, including in the context of federal districts, has been studied. The trends in the development of small and medium-sized businesses, as well as their importance for the country's economy, are determined The article identifies the main problems that hinder the development of entrepreneurial activity in the Russian Federation. The authors come to the conclusion that the development of entrepreneurial activity in the regions should be a priority direction of state policy, and the involvement of the economically active population and self-employed citizens in entrepreneurship will contribute to this.

Analysis of cross-program effects in the sphere of small and medium-sized businesses in the region (on the example of the Kurgan region)

The article is devoted to the identification and analysis of cross-program effects in the sphere of small and medium-sized businesses that are formed during the implementation of state programs of the Kurgan region. The relevance and usefulness of identifying inter-program connections are proved. The state programs of the Kurgan region that form the effects in the sphere of small and medium-sized businesses in the region are identified. Groups of cross-program effects were formed and the number of state programs and their activities that form various types of effects in the sphere of small and medium-sized businesses in the region was found. The assessment of cross-program effects for each task of the program of small and medium-sized businesses development in the region was carried out. The paper presents quantitative results of assessment of cross-program effects value created by state programs for each group of cross-program effects and each task of the program for the development of small and medium-sized businesses in the region.

Государственная политика в сфере развития малого и среднего бизнеса

Государственная политика в сфере развития малого и среднего бизнеса

Стратегічне управління розвитком малого та середнього підприємництва в Україні

У статті досліджуються стратегічні напрями макроекономічного управління розвитком малого та середнього підприємництва в Україні. Розкриті шляхи та механізми державного управління формування сфери підприємництва в Україні.

Social Prospects of the Science and Digital Economy Development in Ukraine

The article is devoted to the research of social perspectives of science and digital economy development in Ukraine. The main tasks set and resolved in the article were: to study the social advantages of the digital economy and science development, analysis of the negative effects of these processes and directions of their minimization, the proposal of social perspectives for the development of science and digital economics. During the research such methods of synthesis and analysis, comparison and systematization have been used. The article founds that the main social benefits of science and the digital economy development are related to the system of education, medicine and welfare of people. Negative aspects of these processes are technological unemployment, temporary uneven income of the population, changes in the regional structure of the factors of production placement, a significant gap between technology development of developed countries and developing countries. It is possible to minimize these negative consequences through the system of personnel retraining and small and medium-sized businesses development. The statistical indicators of the science development in Ukraine have been analyzed and the lagging behind the specific expenses for carrying out scientific researches in comparison with EU countries has been established. The main social perspectives for the science and the digital economy development are the introduction of an effective policy in the labor market focused on the latest technologies and innovations; mobility of workers; creation of clusters of knowledge intensive industries and universities; the use of social networks to form the country's brand and the development of common social values in society; introduction of the main directions of the European concept of digital science in Ukraine for increasing integration into the European scientific space; active participation in the Horizon 2020 program for joint Ukrainian-European projects. Prospects for further research in this area will reveal the influence of science on the development of the social economy in Ukraine and destruction factors.

Regional statistical and economic analysis of small and medium-sized businesses development in Zhytomyr region

Small and medium-sized businesses play an important role in the development of the regional economic system in particular and in solving a number of the following local problems: developing competition, developing the market for goods and services, providing jobs for the able-bodied population, raising living standards and improving the social environment in society.The purpose of this paper is to analyze the state and development of small and medium-sized businesses in the Zhytomyr region, to analyze its contribution to the economic development of the region, and to identify the main problems existing in the region.According to the indicators of state statistics, the author presents the general characteristics of enterprises in the Zhytomyr region from 2012 to 2016 in the context of indicators of the number of enterprises, the number of employed workers and the volume of the products sold, highlighting the activities of small enterprises and assessing their share in general levels. In addition, the paper provides the description of the activities of individual entrepreneurs.The structural comparison for the above-listed indicators of the distribution of influence on the economic system of the Zhytomyr region in terms of enterprises by size is presented. In terms of quantity 93,5 % are small enterprises that provide 31,4 % of the total number of employees with work and make up 23,1 % of the total volume of sales. Average enterprises in these indicators have 6,4 %, 62,0 % and 54,8 % respectively.The statistical and economic analysis of the structure of small enterprises by types of economic activity, by indicators of the number of registered enterprises, and by the volumes of sold products is carried out. The uniformity of the distribution is estimated using the index of the concentration coefficient. The indicators of revenues to budgets of different levels from small and medium-sized businesses are set.The paper presents and summarizes the main provisions of a number of regional programs for the development of small and medium-sized businesses in the Zhytomyr region, presents a brief description of the level already reached and outlines priority areas for promoting the development of this sector.It is determined that the main objectives of regulation and support of small and medium-sized businesses in Ukraine are: the elimination of administrative barriers; the unification of the legislative framework; the strengthening of the single internal market; the strengthening of interaction with the EU countries for deeper economic cooperation.

Strategic planning of small and mediumsized business development: adaptation of innovation voucher schemes to russian conditions

Strategic planning of small and mediumsized business development: adaptation of innovation voucher schemes to russian conditions

SOCIO-ECONOMIC ACTIVITY DETERMINANTS OF SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED BUSINESSES ON BORDER AREAS IN WARMIŃSKO-MAZURSKIE VOIVODESHIP

The aim of the article was getting to know the factors, determining socio-economic activity of small and mediumsized businesses on border areas in Warminsko-Mazurskie voivodeship. The study was conducted by telephone interviewing in 2015 amongst randomly selected group of 76 entrepreneurs. The gathered empirical data allowed to determine the areas which need taking action from local authorities to work for socio-economic development of border areas and improve the functionality conditions of the already existing companies. In entrepreneurs’ opinion, an important element in small and medium-sized businesses development is advertisement of the area and introduction of investment incentives. The study shows that endogenous possibilities of entrepreneurship development are limited. The most frequently raised issues were connected with the functioning of companies in their remote location, and also progressing depopulation of the area and low purchasing power of the local community.

Регулирование развития малого и среднего бизнеса в России: проблемы и решения

Регулирование развития малого и среднего бизнеса в России: проблемы и решения

Small And Medium-Sized Business Development In Regions: Establishment Of Priority Directions By The Example Of Sverdlovsk Region

The paper presents the research of current small and medium-sized business development in Sverdlovsk region. It includes analysis of enterprise development statistics, Russian and international experience, sociological survey of entrepreneurs’ satisfaction of doing business conditions in Sverdlovsk region. The aim of the research was to develop proposals for business support system development in the long run for inclusion in the SME Development Strategy in Sverdlovsk region up to 2030. As a result, a set of strategic SME development directions was formulated. It includes measures aimed at business problems solving through the development of SME support tools and at addressing institutional problems of business support. The paper includes proposals for improvement of regional support system and implementation the priority SME development direction.