Medium Priority Research Articles

Significant Indicators of Precarious Employment and Their Priority

The article is devoted to the problem of identifying significant indicators of precarious employment and their priority, the solution of which was based on the authors: 1) checking indicators for multicollinearity, for which, based on the processing of data from the Federal State Statistics Service and The Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey - Higher School of Economics (RLMS-HSE), an array of data was generated for the period 2010-2020; 2) checking indicators based on expert assessments of Russian specialists collected in 2022 during a survey specially organized by the authors. Taking into account the integration of the verification results by two methods, the indicators of the initial list proposed by the authors were clarified and verified and the final list of indicators of precarious employment was formed. The final list includes indicators that make it possible to identify objective (taking into account the assessment of the type of registration of employment and employment conditions) and subjective (taking intoaccount the assessment of the presence of instability of the labor situation and dissatisfaction with employment and its conditions) manifestations of precarious employment in relation to Russian conditions. The prioritization of indicators of precarious employment was carried out and three groups of indicators were identified by priority level to characterize its manifestations: with a high (key indicators), medium and below medium priority level. The boundary for the indicator of the level of income from basic employment, which does not ensure the stability of the financial situation of households, has been clarified. It was revealed that precarious employment, regardless of the type of employed households, is identified by income from basic employment, which does not allow per capita income to be brought to the level of standards that form middle and higher material security (3.1 of subsistence minimum and higher).

Penerapan Metode K-Means dalam Pengelompokan Data Penduduk Tidak Mampu di Distrik Oransbari


 
 
 Proverty is a serious problem, the occurrence of proverty in the community is caused by a condition of the inability of the family economically to meet primary needs. Poor people are found in almost every country, city, and region. One of them is in the Oransbari District, which is one of the areas in Indonesia where the population does not receive assistance evenly. Based on these conditions, clustering is carried out to assist the district in grouping the poor population, so that the assistance provided can be right on target. With this problem, data mining with k-means clustering method used in clustering the poor population to make it easier for the Oransbari District to provide the population so that it is right on target. The data used is the data of the poor population in 2020 which amounted to 1872 with 17 attributes. Based on the results of tests carried out by applying the k-means algorithm, the results obtained with 3 clusters, the first cluster with a population of 471 with the category of poor population with medium priority, the second cluster has a population of 428 with a high priority category of poor population, and the third cluster has a population of 826 a low priority category of poor population. The k-means method is expected to be able to assist the Oransbari District in making decisions so that assistance is more targeted.
 
 

Psychosocial palliative care: Patients' preferred intervention medium, target domains, and well-being priorities.

Although psychological distress in palliative patients has at least an equal or greater impact on the quality of life compared to physical or spiritual distress, there is limited research on contextual factors associated with psychosocial intervention accessibility and relevance. This is the first published study to explore patients' views on psychosocial intervention delivery medium preferences, key biopsychosocial target domains, and well-being priorities during the palliative and end-of-life (EOL) phases. Eighty-one palliative patients from a Specialist Palliative Care Service completed a questionnaire, which collected quantitative and qualitative data on preferred mediums for receiving psychosocial interventions, priority biopsychosocial target domains, and well-being priorities during the palliative and EOL phases. Results showed that an individual in-person was the most preferred medium for receiving psychosocial interventions. Improving quality of life, distressing emotions, and adjusting to the palliative care context were the 3 most frequently endorsed biopsychosocial target domains. Valued living and comfortable living were the key priority well-being themes for the palliative phase, whereas being surrounded by loved ones and comfortable and dignified dying were the priority well-being themes for the EOL phase. Findings highlight psychosocial interventions as an essential part of a holistic approach to patient-centered care throughout both the palliative and the EOL phases. Results can inform the refinement of existing and the development of new psychosocial interventions, particularly those that target emotional distress, adjustment, and quality of life. Furthermore, in-person treatment delivery remains essential in an evolving digital world.

A competency framework for Ph.D. programs in health information management

IntroductionThe job expectations and professional competencies required by health information management (HIM) students/graduates are constantly changing and workforce development requires curricula in line with new emerging competencies. Although there are some competency frameworks in this field, there is no one specifically for Ph.D. educational programs in HIM. We aimed to develop a competency framework for Ph.D. programs in HIM in Iran. MethodsWe firstly developed a list of competencies based on those published in the literature or by related associations in nine domains and 51 sub-domains. We used the modified Delphi technique and invited Ph.D. students/graduates in HIM and related faculty members throughout the country to participate. Competencies with more than 75% agreement were considered as high priority competencies and those with 50% to 75% agreement as a medium priority. Competencies with less than 50% agreement were dropped. After two rounds, the competency framework was finalized. ResultsAll suggested competencies were considered a high priority in the first round. Based on suggestions, two new domains (health knowledge management and information technology) and 20 new sub-competencies were added and then accepted in the second round. The final framework includes these competency domains: health data and information management; health data analytics; information technology; teaching competencies; research competencies; health information technology and digital health; health information classifications, terminologies, and ontologies; health information systems governance; managerial competencies; health knowledge management; and digital health entrepreneurship. ConclusionThis framework suggests a list of competencies in 11 domains and 71 sub-domains for Ph.D. students/graduates in HIM that should be considered for the development of future curricula for these educational programs.

Developing a CBCT-Guided Online Adaptive Radiotherapy Approach for Isotoxic Delivery of Ultra-High Dose to Oligometastatic Disease in Combination with Immunotherapy

<h3>Purpose/Objective(s)</h3> A Phase I trial combining stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT), 45Gy in 3 fractions(fx), with pembrolizumab was safe (9% grade 3 toxicity) with promising local control and overall survival. Whether SBRT dose escalation can improve outcomes is uncertain. A subsequent planning study showed feasibility of ultra-high SBRT dose, 90Gy in 3fx, while respecting organ at risk (OAR) tolerances. However, due to patient anatomy interfractional uncertainty, online adaptation may enhance safety/efficacy. This work develops a CBCT-guided adaptive radiotherapy approach for isotoxic treatment with ultra-high doses using retrospective data and simulated online adaptation. <h3>Materials/Methods</h3> Patient data from 15 subjects of the original Phase I trial were used (gross tumor volume (GTV) mean volume 177cc; range 67-390cc). Disease sites were liver(n=8), pelvis(n=4), abdomen(n=2), lung(n=1). Clinical prescriptions were to 65cc subvolumes of the GTV (SubGTV). In the adaptive setting, rather than define a specific sub volume, OAR expansions based on tolerance and achievable dose gradients were cropped from GTV so that the SubGTV receiving ultra-high dose adapts to changing anatomy. Initial 6 arc VMAT plans used a clinical goal based automated plan optimization platform. High priority was given to critical OAR Dmax goals, medium priority was given to GTV coverage (V90Gy) and OAR volumetric constraints. SubGTV core was defined with further contraction away from OARs with low priority goals to ensure a centralized GTV hot spot. For a subset of patients (8 total: 3 liver, 2 abdomen, 2 pelvis, 1 lung), an online adaptive session using clinical CBCTs was simulated with anatomy recontoured for plan reoptimization/evaluation and comparison of adapted (ADP) vs. scheduled (SCH) plans. <h3>Results</h3> For initial plans, all OAR goals were satisfied. The average GTV V90Gy was 80.8cc/57.3% (range: 53.8-144.5cc/24.4-99.1%). In online adaptive sessions, the ADP plan was preferred over the SCH plan in 7 of 8 cases. ADP plans generally had superior coverage (average GTV V90Gy of 86.3cc (ADP) vs. 77.9cc (SCH)). ADP plans nearly always met OAR tolerances (one minor exception: skin D0.03cc (tolerance of 11.0Gy/fx) was 11.5Gy (ADP) vs. 11.9Gy (SCH)). In contrast, SCH plans often did not meet OAR constraints, with critical violations to bowel (n=2), stomach(n=3), duodenum(n=1), inferior vena cava(n=1) as well as violations to skin(n=3) and bone(n=2). <h3>Conclusion</h3> This work develops a paradigm for true isotoxic radiotherapy treatment maximizing ablative target doses using CBCT-guided online adaptive SBRT. A forthcoming phase I trial will investigate potential clinical benefit from escalation to ultra-high doses. As adaptive technologies evolve, the OAR-guided isotoxic approach developed here may be an important future direction for radiation oncology. NCT02608385

Local government policies on healthy food promotion and obesity prevention: results from a national Australian survey

ObjectiveLocal governments (LGs) often own or manage sport and recreation facilities and can promote health in these settings by implementing healthy food policies. The primary aim of this study was to assess the policies, attitudes and practices of Australian LGs relating to obesity prevention and the provision of healthy food in this setting. MethodsIn July 2020, all 539 Australian LGs were invited to complete a survey. We assessed LG priorities to obesity prevention, promoting healthy eating and public health as well as the presence of healthy food policies in sporting facilities. Results203 (38%) LGs completed the survey. Improving public health was a high priority, while obesity prevention and promoting healthy eating were a medium priority. 22% of LGs reported that the priority given to promoting healthy food had increased over the previous year and stayed the same at 65%. Ten per cent of LGs had a healthy food and drink policy in sporting facilities, with 32% reporting having made changes without a policy. LGs located in major cities, with larger populations and with more facilities reported having made more healthy changes at their facilities. ConclusionPromoting health is a priority for LGs across Australia, but very few have policies relating to the food environments in their sporting facilities. Implications for public healthOngoing monitoring is important to assess changes over time and identify LGs where greater support is required.

Health Security Planning: Developing the Cameroon National Action Plan for Health Security.

The health security planning process transforms recommendations from various evaluations into priority actions to strengthen countries' capacity for emergency preparedness using the One Health approach. Although the World Health Organization (WHO) has developed many tools to facilitate the planning process of a National Action Plan for Health Security (NAPHS) across the various components, a series of multisectoral workshops is still needed to complete the process. In this article, we report on the process of developing Cameroon's NAPHS and propose an innovative solution to improve the process. The NAPHS development process was conducted from May to December 2018. The WHO NAPHS framework, adapted to the local context, guided the process. The WHO planning matrix was used to plan activities and the WHO NAPHS costing tool was used to facilitate the costing exercise. A total of 84 Joint External Evaluation recommendations were translated into activities included in Cameroon's NAPHS. Among these activities, the majority (56%) were of medium priority. The total cost of a 5-year NAPHS was US$87,668,356, with almost half (49%) of the budget allocated to activities in the "Prevent" category and more than a third (35%) allocated to the "Detect" category. The top 3 cost drivers were immunization (22%), the national laboratory system (21%), and antimicrobial resistance (16%). The NAPHS informed policymakers of planned activities and funding needs to fast-track the development of health security capacities. Running gaps in funding will be addressed during a resource mapping exercise. To improve the overall planning process, a web-based support solution, where stakeholders select from a menu of recommendations from the Joint External Evaluation to develop a NAPHS, should be developed to improve the NAPHS development process.

MENURUNKAN POTENSI RESIKO KECELAKAAN KERJA MENGGUNAKAN METODE SWIFT (THE STRUCTURED WHAT IF TECHNIQUE) DI LINI PROSES FORGING

Analysis of Occupational Health and Safety Risks in Forging Forging Lines Using the SWIFT (The Structured What If) Method At PT. XYZ. PT. XYZ is a manufacturing company engaged in the production of household appliances such as spoons, forks and knives. During the second quarter of 2021, the number of work accident cases that occurred was 10 cases. For this reason, it is necessary to conduct research that aims to minimize the risk of hazards that occur in the forging line using the SWIFT method. The results of the study contained 13 potential hazards with a classification based on the RRN value of 2 including low priority categories, 6 medium priority categories, 5 risks in the main priority categories. The improvement recommendations given can reduce the risk of work accidents from the previous 13 risks of work accidents with categories of 2 mild risk, 6 moderate risk, and 5 severe risk, now to 2 mild risk, 11 moderate risk and 0 severe risk.&#x0D; &#x0D;

PSXVI-7 Sustainability Index Approach of the Brazilian Pampa Biome

Abstract The need to increase food production resulting from agricultural activities is a major challenge for farmers. Thus, evaluating production systems from a sustainability perspective has become a priority in the Brazilian Pampa biome. in the last decade there has been an increase of croplands, soybean areas, and a decrease in rangelands from beef cattle production systems. This study connected to land use change, such as soil and water conservation; to an economic context, where the revenues and incomes are earned from different source. The aim of the study was to elaborate an index able to measure sustainability at farm-level. This index was developed to be adhered to the Brazilian Pampa biome context by the consultancy to perceptions of experts. The Sustainability Assessment of Food and Agriculture Systems guidelines, developed by the FAO, was used as reference for the indicators that formed the sustainability index (iSus). After the selection of indicators, experts were consulted to judge their priorities according to the analytic hierarchy process methodology. An electronic form was developed through Google Forms and sent to experts from each region to judge the priorities for the dimensions, themes, and indicators. The selected dimensions did not present differences, demonstrating that in the perception of the experts, no dimension has priority. The investment (economic dimension), human health and safety (social dimension), and land and water (environmental dimension), had priority within the dimensions. In the indicator analysis, there were no differences between the perceptions of the experts. It was possible to define groups of indicators as high, medium, and low priority. Water management, safety and health, and net revenue had the highest priority in perception of the experts. The rating of priorities brought adherence from a regional context to the index. The incorporation of an iSus can contribute to broad actions to increase sustainability in beef cattle production systems. The utilization of the index will allow that basic premises of sustainability could be measured and identified.

Developing a National Trauma Research Action Plan: Results from the long-term outcomes research gap Delphi survey.

In the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine 2016 report on trauma care, the establishment of a National Trauma Research Action Plan to strengthen and guide future trauma research was recommended. To address this recommendation, the Department of Defense funded the Coalition for National Trauma Research to generate a comprehensive research agenda spanning the continuum of trauma and burn care. We describe the gap analysis and high-priority research questions generated from the National Trauma Research Action Plan panel on long-term outcomes. Experts in long-term outcomes were recruited to identify current gaps in long-term trauma outcomes research, generate research questions, and establish the priority for these questions using a consensus-driven, Delphi survey approach from February 2021 to August 2021. Panelists were identified using established Delphi recruitment guidelines to ensure heterogeneity and generalizability including both military and civilian representation. Panelists were encouraged to use a PICO format to generate research questions: Patient/Population, Intervention, Compare/Control, and Outcome model. On subsequent surveys, panelists were asked to prioritize each research question on a 9-point Likert scale, categorized to represent low-, medium-, and high-priority items. Consensus was defined as ≥60% of panelists agreeing on the priority category. Thirty-two subject matter experts generated 482 questions in 17 long-term outcome topic areas. By Round 3 of the Delphi, 359 questions (75%) reached consensus, of which 107 (30%) were determined to be high priority, 252 (70%) medium priority, and 0 (0%) low priority. Substance abuse and pain was the topic area with the highest number of questions. Health services (not including mental health or rehabilitation) (64%), mental health (46%), and geriatric population (43%) were the topic areas with the highest proportion of high-priority questions. This Delphi gap analysis of long-term trauma outcomes research identified 107 high-priority research questions that will help guide investigators in future long-term outcomes research. Diagnostic Tests or Criteria; Level IV.

Pharmaceutical nanotechnology: Antimicrobial peptides as potential new drugs against WHO list of critical, high, and medium priority bacteria

Nanobiotechnology is a relatively unexplored area that has, nevertheless, shown relevant results in the fight against some diseases. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are biomacromolecules with potential activity against multi/extensively drug-resistant bacteria, with a lower risk of generating bacterial resistance. They can be considered an excellent biotechnological alternative to conventional drugs. However, the application of several AMPs to biological systems is hampered by their poor stability and lifetime, inactivating them completely. Therefore, nanotechnology plays an important role in the development of new AMP-based drugs, protecting and carrying the bioactive to the target. This is the first review article on the different reported nanosystems using AMPs against bacteria listed on the WHO priority list. The current shortage of information implies a nanobiotechnological potential to obtain new drugs or repurpose drugs based on the AMP-drug synergistic effect.

Acute Otitis Media in Children-Challenges of Antibiotic Resistance in the Post-Vaccination Era.

Acute otitis media (AOM) is a leading cause of antibiotic prescriptions in children worldwide, even in the era of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines. We aimed to assess the bacterial spectrum of AOM in children and to investigate the antimicrobial resistance profile in culture-positive cases. We performed a retrospective, tympanocentesis-based analysis of antimicrobial resistance patterns in children with AOM hospitalized in “St Mary” Emergency Hospital for Children Iasi, Romania, between January 2013 and December 2021. A total of 147 samples have been assessed, 97 (65.98%) of which had positive cultures, with Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae as the most common microorganisms. A worrying proportion, 82.85% (58/70), of the Streptococcus pneumoniae strains were multidrug-resistant. The World Health Organization included Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae on the medium priority group due to penicillin non-susceptibility and ampicillin-resistant strains, respectively. Consequently, strategies to address the threats of antimicrobial resistance are needed to reduce the potential negative effects on hospitalization costs.

Development of an environmental hazard-based rating assessment for defence-related chemical compounds in ecological soil systems.

Environmental hazard-based methods are commonly used to categorise the severity of chemical contamination to ecological soil systems, although a traffic-light approach (green, amber, red) has never been used to assess these consequences. A traffic light approach is an easy to interpretate data as it has a clear visual display which can provide an early warning approach for stakeholders to identify areas that require further investigation. This approach should be underpinned by extensive research data and systematic methods of development. However, the extent of reliable data available for specific chemicals can be limited and therefore decision making may rely on expert judgement. Therefore, in this study, an environmental hazard-based rating methodology was developed by combining the guidelines from the European Chemical Agency (ECHA) and the USEPA for Predicted Non-effect Concentration (PNEC) and Ecological Soil Screening Levels (Eco-SSL) for defence-related chemicals (2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane (RDX), cypermethrin, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS)). The developed hazard-based rating assessment was design to categorise the chemicals into low, medium and high environmental hazards priority to inform and ease the decision-making process for contaminated areas to ensure that sustainable operations are carried out.

Bi-level planning and scheduling of electric vehicle charging stations for peak shaving and congestion management in low voltage distribution networks

Most existing algorithms for electric vehicle charging station (EVCS) planning and scheduling of electric vehicles (EVs) do not consider the uncertain behavior of EVs and distribution networks, including the EV arrival and departure times, user driving needs, and realistic residential load and generation profiles. This paper proposes a bi-level planning and operation framework that determines the optimal locations of EVCS and scheduling of EVs to reduce peak load and network congestion in low voltage distribution networks by considering uncertain EV and distribution network behavior. Planning of EVCS is performed to minimize voltage deviations and distribution network losses. The priority-based scheduling algorithm uses the vehicle-to-grid (V2G) and grid-to-vehicle (G2V) technology to charge the EVs during high priority periods to meet the user requirements and discharge during low or medium priority periods to reduce the peak load and thermal overloading in distribution feeders. Based on an Australian scenario, the proposed method has been tested on the IEEE low voltage test feeder. Uncoordinated scheduling of EVs is also implemented and compared with the proposed strategy. The results show that installing EVCS at the optimal locations can reduce the network losses and voltage deviations by 39.38 per cent and 15.32 per cent, respectively. It is also shown that the proposed scheduling of EVs can reduce the peak load of distribution substations and lower the network congestion without affecting the EV charging requirements. With a 55 percent penetration of EVs, the peak load and thermal overload in distribution lines are reduced by 20.53 per cent and 5.88 per cent, respectively.

Application of Monte Carlo Simulation to Study the Probability of Confidence Level under the PFMEA’s Action Priority

Failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) is the most commonly used risk evaluation tool in industry and academia. After four revisions, the US Automotive Industry Action Groups (AIAG) and German Association of the Automotive Industry (VDA) issued the latest FMEA manual, called AIAG and VDA FMEA Handbook Edition 1, in June 2019. Risk priority number (RPN) in the old-edition FMEA is replaced with action priority (AP), where the numerical evaluation of severity (S), occurrence (O), and detection (D) are referred to in the AP form for judging high (H), medium (M), and low (L) priority in order to ensure appropriate actions for improving prevention or detection control. When evaluating design (D) or process (P) in FMEA, the FMEA team has to refer to the evaluation criteria for S, O, and D, so as to reduce the difference in the evaluation reference and fairness. Since the criteria evaluation form is the qualitative rating standard with semantic judgment, evaluation errors are likely to occur when the team judges S, O, and D. The FMEA cases in this study are preceded by the confidence level (CL) of the S, O, and D evaluation standards and the setting of a confidence interval (CI) for the actual evaluation events. With discrete nonuniform distribution as the simulation setting, Monte Carlo simulation is applied several times to evaluate the probability before and after the evaluation, which is compared with the AP form to confirm the probability values of high, medium, and low priority. It provides reference for the FMEA cross-functional team, improving the originally non-AP events. Finally, the AP calculated in the simulation is compared and analyzed with the RPN sequence to verify the judgment of better actions with AP.

Evaluation of Priority-Dependent Notifications for Smart Glasses Based on Peripheral Visual Cues

Abstract Smart glasses are increasingly commercialized and may replace or at least complement smartphones someday. Common smartphone features, such as notifications, should then also be available for smart glasses. However, notifications are of disruptive character given that even unimportant notifications frequently interrupt users performing a primary task. This often leads to distractions and performance degradation. Thus, we propose a concept for displaying notifications in the peripheral field of view of smart glasses and with different visualizations depending on the priority of the notification. We developed three icon-based notifications representing increasing priority: a transparent green icon continuously becoming more opaque (low priority), a yellow icon moving up and down (medium priority), and a red and yellow flashing icon (high priority). To evaluate the concept, we conducted a study with 24 participants who performed a primary task and should react to notifications at the same time using the Nreal Light smart glasses. The results showed that reaction times for the low-priority notification were significantly higher and it was ranked as the least distracting. The medium- and high-priority notifications did not show a clear difference in noticeability, distraction, or workload. We discuss implications of our results for the perception and visualization of notifications in the peripheral field of view of smart glasses and, more generally, for augmented reality applications.

Assistive Technology in Multiple Sclerosis Patients-Two Points of View.

Objective: The goal of our study was determining the current needs and acceptance of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) in the field of assistive technologies using materials from the “RAMCIP” project (Robotic Assistant for Mild Cognitive Impairment Patient at Home). Methods: There were two target groups: a population with MS, and medical personnel experienced in treating MS patients. This study was based on a two-step design method (workshops and surveys). Using the Likert scale, we identified the prioritization of users’ needs. Additionally, demographic and disease-specific data and their correlations with each other and with the level of priority of functionality were analyzed. Moreover, the acceptance aspect of the assistant robot and the respondents’ readiness to use it were determined. Results: We gathered 307 completed surveys (176 from MS patients, 131 from medical personnel). Functional capabilities from the safety category were a high priority in most cases. The medium priority functions concerned daily activities that required physical assistance and home management. The differences in prioritization between the two groups were also found. Variables such as age, level of disability, cognitive impairment, depression, and fatigue were associated with the priority level of the functionalities. Conclusion: In summary, our findings might contribute to a better adaptation of robotic assistants to the needs and expectations of the MS population.

The Impact of Inefficient Urban Growth on Spatial Inequality of Urban Green Resources (Case Study: Urmia City)

Urban green spaces are essential for improving the livability of cities. Urban parks as green and public open spaces and signs of nature in cities have special economic and social value. The existence of neighborhood parks and their proper distribution is a key element for improving the quality of life in the cities. Spatial equity and accessibility to parks are factors influencing the performance of parks. This study was conducted to determine the current situation of Urmia city in this regard by using the travel cost approach and network analysis, and also examining the impact of rapid urban growth on spatial inequalities. According to the results, 18% of the residential land in Urmia city is located outside of the park service area, and 68% of residential lands outside the park’s service area are areas that have developed as a result of urban growth in the last two decades. Based on the analysis, in 23 neighborhoods of Urmia city, the entire neighborhood is located in the service area of parks and has pedestrian access to this service. Other neighborhoods—to address the issue of spatial justice related to urban parks—fall into three categories: high, medium, and low priority.

2022 Pediatric Infectious Disease Society of the Philippines (PIDSP) Research Agenda

The Pediatric Infectious Disease Society of the Philippines (PIDSP) has a mandate to promote and conduct relevant infectious disease-related research by its members, fellows in training institutions, and resident physicians in training hospitals. Part of such a mandate is the creation of a priority list of research topics, which directs the researcher to what information is deemed important by the PIDSP, if the research is to receive funding from the Society, should such be requested. This list was first created in 2016. In April 2021, the PIDSP Research Committee met and agreed to update the list, by conducting a series of three internal surveys to determine if the items in the existing list were still relevant, and if new topics should be included. Twenty three PIDSP members, which included board members, known researchers, and university faculty, were surveyed using an online Google form, over three surveys between May 31, 2021 and October 3, 2021. New items were elicited from the respondents, and the old and new items were asked to be prioritized into the headings: high, medium, low, and not a priority. Only the high and medium priority items were included in the final updated list.

Requirements and expectations of high-quality biomarkers for atopic dermatitis and psoriasis in 2021-a two-round Delphi survey among international experts.

Chronic inflammatory skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis (AD) and psoriasis (PSO) present major challenges in health care. Thus, biomarkers to identify disease trajectories and response to treatments to improve the lives of affected individuals warrant great research consideration. The requirements that these biomarkers must fulfil for use as practical clinical tools have not yet been adequately investigated. To identify the core elements of high-quality AD and PSO biomarkers to prepare recommendations for current biomarker research. A cross-sectional two-round Delphi survey was conducted from August to October 2019 and October to November 2020. All participants were members of the BIOMAP project, an EU-funded consortium of clinicians, researchers, patient organizations and pharmaceutical industry partners. The first round consisted of three open-ended questions. Responses were qualitatively analysed, and 26 closed statements were developed. For the second round, 'agreement' was assumed when the responses of ≥70% of the participants were ≥5 points on a 7-point Likert scale for each statement. Priority classification was based on mean scores (<20th percentile = low, 20th to 60th percentile = medium, >60th percentile = high). Twenty-one and twenty-six individuals participated in rounds one and two, respectively. From 26 statements that were included in round 2, 18 achieved agreement (8 concerning the performance, 8 for the purpose and 2 on current obstacles). Seven statements were classified as high priority, e.g. those concerning reliability, clinical validity, a high positive predictive value, prediction of the therapeutic response and disease progression. Another seven statements were assigned medium priority, e.g. those about analytical validity, prediction of comorbidities and therapeutic algorithm. Low priority included four statements, like those concerning cost effectiveness and prediction of disease flares. The core requirements that experts agreed on being essential for high-quality AD and PSO biomarkers require rapid validation. Biomarkers can therefore be assessed based on these prioritized requirements.