Plating Media Research Articles

Effects of second order chemical reaction on MHD forced convection Cu, Ag, and Fe3O4 nanoparticles of Jeffrey Nanofluid over a moving plate in a porous medium in the presence of heat source/sink

Effects of second order chemical reaction on MHD forced convection Cu, Ag, and Fe3O4 nanoparticles of Jeffrey Nanofluid over a moving plate in a porous medium in the presence of heat source/sink

MHD Fluid Flow Bounded by Two Parallel Vertical Plates in A Porous Media with Heat Transfer

We are investigating Magneto hydrodynamic fluid flow between two parallel vertical plates in a porous media with heat transfer. We will nondimensionalize the governing equations and then transform the resulting equations using the central difference approximation method. We will simulate the resulting equations using MATLAB to establish the effect of non dimensionalized parameters on the fluid velocity and temperature. We will graphically present the effect of the Darcy, Hartmann, Prandtl, and Reynolds numbers on the velocity and temperature profile. We have made the following conclusions from this study. The fluid velocity is inversely proportional to Darcy’s and Hartmann’s numbers. Fluid velocity increases as the Reynolds number is increased. Fluid temperature declines with a rise in the Prandtl number when the distance between the plates is greater than one and increases the fluid temperature when the distance between plates is less than one. Fluid temperature increases as Hartmann and Darcy numbers are increased. No velocity and temperature profile effect exists on varying Prandtl and Reynolds numbers. The findings have practical applications in industrial processes such as cooling systems.

Finite Difference Approach on Magnetohydrodynamic Stratified Fluid Flow Past Vertically Accelerated Plate in Porous Media with Viscous Dissipation

Finite Difference Approach on Magnetohydrodynamic Stratified Fluid Flow Past Vertically Accelerated Plate in Porous Media with Viscous Dissipation

Chemical Reaction Effects on the Flow of Titanium Dioxide–Water in a Mixed Convective Nanofluid along an Inclined Plate in a Porous Medium

An inclined plate is being approached by a mixed convective boundary layer nanofluid flow of titanium dioxide–water through a porous medium. A numerical analysis has been done to investigate the effects of chemical reactions on the considered nanofluid flow. With the aid of a system of governing partial differential equations, a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations for taking into consideration nanofluid flow have been derived using appropriate matching transformations. The Runge–Kutta method, as well as the Nachtsheim and Swigert Shooting method, is applied to numerically resolve the group of subsequent nondimensionalized equations. The associated numerical result was then successfully compared with the available published literature in a few unique, limited circumstances. Based on the considered nanofluid flow characteristics for heat as well as mass transfer, the effects of the Schmidt number, the permeability, and the chemical reaction parameters of the titanium dioxide–water nanofluid flow have been examined, assessed, and presented for velocity in conjunction with the local skin friction coefficient, temperature in conjunction with the local Nusselt number, as well as concentration in conjunction with the local Sherwood number. Numerical results reveal that the local Sherwood number Sh, as well as the local Nusselt number Nux, increase, whereas the local skin friction coefficient Cf decreases due to the increase in the chemical reaction parameter Krp.

Heat-Generating Effects Involving Multiple Nanofluids in a Hybrid Convective Boundary Layer Flow on the Sloping Plate in a Porous Medium

Heat-Generating Effects Involving Multiple Nanofluids in a Hybrid Convective Boundary Layer Flow on the Sloping Plate in a Porous Medium

Polyethylene glycol as an improved barrier to prevent fleeing in C. elegans.

Caenorhabditis elegans studies can be constrained by worms escaping standard solid nematode growth medium (NGM) plates. When worms are in search of food or are avoiding pathogens, chemicals, and environmental stressors, they often exhibit a behavior known as "fleeing". Palmitic acid (PA) is sometimes used as a barrier "fence" to reduce fleeing under limited food and oxygen conditions. Here, we evaluate the efficacy of palmitic acid, polyethylene glycol (PEG) and copper as potential barriers to reduce fleeing under various environmental conditions. Our results indicate that PA and PEG each reduce fasted flee rate and do not obviously alter overall health and lifespan of the worms, while copper blunts worm growth and development. We also find that PEG is a more optimal tool than PA since it is more effective in fasted conditions, reduces flee rate in a pathogenic environment, and does not alter worm size.

Distribution, screening and biochemical characterization of indigenous microalgae for bio-mass and bio-energy production potential from three districts of Pakistan.

Trend of biofuel production from microalgal triacylglycerols is enhancing, because this substrate is a good sustainable and advantageous alternative to oil and gas fuel. In the present study, indigenous micro algal isolates were screened from water (n=30) and soil (n=30) samples collected from three districts of Punjab, Pakistan to evaluate their biofuel production potential. The samples were inoculated on BG - 11 agar medium plates by incubating at room temperature of 25°C providing 1000 lux for 16h light cycle followed by 8h of dark cycle for 15 d. Water samples were found to be rich in microalgae and 65.33% microalgae (49 isolates) were isolated from Faisalabad district. On the basis of microscopic morphology microalgal isolates (n=180) were selected and subjected to lipid detection by Nile red staining assay. Nile red positive isolates (n=23) were processed for biochemical (lipid, protein and carbohydrates) characterization. AIN63 isolate showed higher lipids (17.4%) content as detected by micro vanillin assay. Algal isolate AIN128 showed best protein contents (42.91%) detected by Bradford assay and AIN172 isolate showed higher carbohydrate contents (73.83%) as detected by anthrone assay. The selected algal isolates were also analyzed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy for confirmation of carbohydrate, protein and lipid analysis. These indigenous algae have the potential for in-vitro biofuel production from agricultural waste.

Oral Candida Colonization Among Adults in Morocco: Prevalence and Risk Factors

Candida is a commensal microorganism of the oral cavity and part of the normal microbial flora. Oral carriage of Candida can be influenced by several factors and may lead to the development of oral candidiasis. Oral swabs were collected from 46 onsultants at the stomatology department and then sent to the mycology laboratory for identification of isolates. The specimens were cultured on CandiSelect medium plates as well as on Sabouraud dextrose agar plates containing chloramphenicol. 38% of cultures were positive. Candida albicans was the most encountered specie (87.5% of positive cultures). Oral Candida colonization was more frequent in the following categories of patients: immunocompromised subjects, patients with malignancy, those undergoing chemotherapy, type 2 diabetics patients, smokers, and patients brushing their teeth irregularly (less than twice a day or occasionally). All of these associations were statistically significant. (p <0,05). The diagnosis of oral Candida carriage prior to the presentation of clinical symptoms could prevent patients at risk of serious complications. The promotion of oral health and hygiene education could help stop the spread of yeast colonization.

Microbial Degradation Of Calcium Oxalate And Its Potential Application

Calcium oxalate is a naturally occurring compound found in various plants and minerals, and its accumulation in the kidney leads to the formation of kidney stones in humans. One of the main causes of kidney stone formation is a decrease in the number of intestinal microbiota which are capable of degrading calcium oxalate. This study focuses on bacterial degradation of calcium oxalate accumulated in humans. Searching for Calcium oxalate degrading strain with high degrading activity has become one of the priorities from the context of research. The study aimed to isolate and characterize microorganisms which are capable of degrading calcium oxalate. Calcium oxalate degrading microorganisms were isolated from faecal samples by using MRS-calcium oxalate medium. Calcium oxalate degrading bacteria were identified on the basis of colour reduction on calcium oxalate medium plate after the incubation period. The morphological and biochemical characterization of isolates were studied. Quantitative determination of degradation was performed by using an indole assay. The activity of isolates was observed by the degradation of kidney stones. Isolates showed better results for degradation of kidney stones after 2 weeks of the incubation period.

Darcy-Forchheimer flow of MHD free convective CNTs Casson nanoliquid via a cosinusoidally fluctuating heated plate

ABSTRACT This study explores the influence of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), spanwise cosinusoidally fluctuating thermal and mass diffusion on unsteady MHD free convective flow of Casson nanoliquid via an infinite hot vertical porous plate in a Darcy-Forchheimer porous medium. The overlapping grid multi-domain trivariate spectral collocation method is used to solve the non-dimensional equations. The impact of varying physical estimators on profiles alongside skin friction factor, rate of heat, and mass transport is contemplated. It was disclosed that the velocity and skin friction factors can be maximized via strong buoyancy forces and porous permeability but minimized through strong magnetic field and the Darcy–Forchheimer relation. The temperature and rate of heat transport can be increased by higher levels of heat generation, viscous dissipation, diffusion-thermo, and radiation absorption. Conversely, these factors can be minimized with higher thermal radiation. The introduction of activation energy and nonlinear chemically reactive species is responsible for the increase in species concentration and the rate of mass transport. The velocity and temperature are enhanced with increasing CNTs volume fraction, which leads to an increment in skin friction factor and thermal transport rate. Therefore, the suspension of CNTs in conventional fluids to control the coolant level in industrial apparatuses is absolutely practical.

Isolation of Ascochyta lentis fungus, responsible for blight disease in lentil crop and screening of suitable fungicides for management

Lentil is an important legume crop that is a safe source of high-quality dietary protein. Mostly fungal diseases are considered an important constraint of Lentil. Blight disease caused by Ascochyta lentis is an important disease caused by Aschochyta lentis. Samples from diseased plants were collected, and the pathogen was isolated on artificial media. After purification, the pathogen was indentured based on the growth pattern, colony shape, and spore structure. There is very fewer germplasm of Lentil available in the country. The current study shows 12 lentil genotypes (11504,12512,12514, M-09501, Pb-m-2009, M- 93,12505,12503,11507,11509,10503, M-85) were screened against Ascochyta lentis by following RCBD under natural and artificial disease conditions. Agronomic, morphological and physiological data were recorded from field trials. Fungicides were diluted into different concentrations and were used to inhibit the growth of A. lentis under in-vitro conditions. Similarly, BCAs were also screened against A lentis on artificial media plates and were utilized in field conditions to manage the disease. Keywords: Ascochyta lentis, Biocontrol agents, Disease resistance, and Lentil blight.

Evaluation of PhenoMATRIX and PhenoMATRIX PLUS for the screening of MRSA from nasal and inguinal/perineal swabs using chromogenic media.

The objective of this study was to assess the clinical performances of PhenoMATRIX and PhenoMATRIX PLUS for the screening of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from nasal and inguinal/perineal ESwabs using chromogenic media. The automated performances were compared to the manual reading. Additionally, we evaluated PhenoMATRIX PLUS for the automatic release of the negative results to the Laboratory Information System (LIS) and the automatic discharge of the negative plates from the incubators. A total of 6,771 non-duplicate specimens were used by PhenoMATRIX as a machine learning model. The validation of these settings was performed on 17,223 non-duplicate specimens. The MRSA positivity rate was 5% (866/17,223). Validated settings were then used by PhenoMATRIX PLUS on another 1,409 non-duplicate specimens. The sensitivities of PhenoMATRIX and PhenoMATRIX PLUS were 99.8% [95% confidence interval (CI), 99.2%-99.9%] and 100% (95% CI, 92.1%-100%), respectively. The specificities of PhenoMATRIX and PhenoMATRIX PLUS were 99.1% (95% CI, 99.0%-99.2%) and 95.2% (95% CI, 93.8%-96.1%), respectively. All the 1,297 MRSA-negative specimens analyzed by PhenoMATRIX PLUS were automatically released and sent to the LIS immediately after availability of the culture image on the WASPLab (100% accuracy). All negative media plates were automatically discarded. PhenoMATRIX PLUS decreases the time spent by technologists on negative plates and ensures optimal usage of the incubators' capacity.

Impacts of chemical reaction, thermal radiation, and heat source/sink on unsteady MHD natural convective flow through an oscillatory infinite vertical plate in porous medium

The main objective of this exploration is to analyze the effects of heat source/sink, chemical reactions, and radiation on the unsteady free convective flow through a porous medium using an infinitely oscillating vertical plate. The Laplace transformation tactics is utilized to solve the governing equations for concentration, energy, and momentum. The simulation results demonstrate that the chemical reaction parameter dwindles both primary and secondary velocities. It has been noted that an upsurge in heat generation (heat source) enhances the temperature field, while a decrease in heat absorption (heat sink) leads to a reduction in the temperature field. Furthermore, the radiation parameter causes a drop in both temperature and velocity patterns. The equation for skin friction is derived and presented graphically, and 3-dimensional surface plots are provided to depict the Nusselt number and Sherwood number. Additionally, graphical illustrations are employed to showcase the influence of various non-dimensional variables on concentration, temperature, and velocity patterns.

Agar plate-based activity assay for easy and fast screening of recombinant Pichia pastoris expressing unspecific peroxygenases.

Unspecific peroxygenases (UPOs) are promising biocatalysts that catalyze oxyfunctionalization reactions without the need for costly cofactors. Pichia pastoris (reclassified as Komagataella phaffii) is considered an attractive host for heterologous expression of UPOs. However, integration of UPO-expression cassettes into the genome via a single cross-over yields recombinant Pichia transformants with different UPO gene copy numbers resulting in different expression levels. Selection of the most productive Pichia transformants by a commonly used screening in liquid medium in 96-well plates is laborious and lasts up to 5 days. In this work, we developed a simple two-step agar plate-based assay to screen P. pastoris transformants for UPO activity with less effort, within shorter time, and without automated screening devices. After cell growth and protein expression on agar plates supplemented with methanol and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), an additional top agar layer supplemented with ABTS and peroxide is added. UPO activity is visualized within 15min by formation of green zones around UPO-secreting P. pastoris transformants. The assay was validated with two UPOs, AbrUPO from Aspergillus brasiliensis and evolved PaDa-I from Agrocybe aegerita. The assay results were confirmed in a quantitative 96-deep well plate screening in liquid medium.

Analysis of microbiocenosis of a gingival sulcus and periodontal pockets of patients with periodontal diseases associated with systemic pathology

Aim: The aim is to analyze the microbiome of gingival sulcus and periodontal pockets of patients with periodontal disease associated with systemic diseases. Methods: A microbiological study was conducted to analyze the microflora of the periodontal pockets in patients with different systemic pathologies and periodontal diseases. Plaque samples were collected from the gingival sulcus and periodontal pockets, and they were subsequently cultured on nutrient medium and glass plates. Results: The microbiota of the gingival sulcus and periodontal pockets in patients with associated systemic diseases in combination with periodontal disease was studied. The frequency of detecting the qualitative composition of the microbiota in the periodontal niche of patients with periodontal diseases and systemic diseases was determined. The research paper outlined groups of microorganisms isolated from periodontal pockets of patients with periodontal and systemic diseases. Conclusions: The degree of colonization by microorganisms differed slightly, while the frequency of detection of specific populations of opportunistic bacteria increased in chronic generalized periodontitis compared to chronic catarrhal gingivitis.

A Comparative Study of Computed Tomography Findings versus Intraoperative Findings of Level of Tegmen Plate in Chronic Otitis Media: An Observational Study.

To compare the computed tomography findings with intraoperative findings of the level of tegmen plate with respect to the superior most part of the lateral semicircular canal in patients with Chronic Otitis Media. This study was attemptted to provide an objective assessment of the level of tegmen mastoideum. The level of tegmen plate with respect to the superior most part of the lateral semi-circular canal was measured preoperatively using HRCT scan of slice thickness of 0.6mm with a software - RadiAnt DICOM Viewer 64-bit version in sagittal plane. The distance between these two planes was measured intraoperatively using micro ear straight pick and Vernier Calipers. 75 participants (thirty-three male & forty-two female) with chronic otitis media underwent computed tomography preoperatively and surgery. No significant difference was found in the height of tegmen measured preoperatively using HRCT temporal bone and intraoperatively (p value - 0.16). The tegmen plates were classified as low lying (2.0 -2.49mm), intermediate lying (2.49-2.99mm) and high lying (3.0 -3.49mm). Computed tomography findings of tegmen height correlates well with the intraoperative findings. An objective assessment of the level of tegmen mastoideum can provide the surgeon an idea of the severity of low lying level of tegmen to be expected and hence likely surgical problems. Based on this study, a classification system of level of tegmen plate has also been proposed.

Whole-genome sequence of Bacillus pseudomycoides strain I32, a nitrous oxide-producing bacterium isolated from a woodchip bioreactor

ABSTRACT We report here the draft whole-genome sequence of Bacillus pseudomycoides strain I32, a bacterium isolated from the denitrifying woodchip bioreactor and showing rhizoidal colony morphology with filamentous swirling pattern on the agar medium plate. The isolate produced nitrous oxide without known nitric oxide reductase genes on the genome.

Sitagliptin Extends Lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans by Inhibiting Insulin/Insulin-Like Signaling and Activating Dietary Restriction-Like Signaling Pathways

Introduction: The discovery of longevity molecules that delay aging and prolong lifespan has always been a dream of humanity. Sitagliptin phosphate (SIT), an oral dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, is an oral drug commonly used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D). In addition to being antidiabetic, previous studies have reported that SIT has shown potential to improve health. However, whether SIT plays a role in the amelioration of aging and the underlying molecular mechanism remain undetermined. Methods: Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) was used as a model of aging. Lifespan assays were performed with adult-stage worms on nematode growth medium plates containing FUdR with or without the specific concentration of SIT. The period of fast body movement, body bending rates, and pharyngeal pumping rates were recorded to assess the healthspan of C. elegans. Gene expression was confirmed by GFP fluorescence signal of transgenic worms and qPCR. In addition, the intracellular reactive oxygen species levels were measured using a free radical sensor H2DCF-DA. Results: We found that SIT significantly extended lifespan and healthspan of C. elegans. Mechanistically, we found that several age-related pathways and genes were involved in SIT-induced lifespan extension. The transcription factors DAF-16/FOXO, SKN-1/NRF2, and HSF-1 played important roles in SIT-induced longevity. Moreover, our findings illustrated that SIT-induced survival benefits by inhibiting the insulin/insulin-like signaling pathway and activating the dietary restriction-related and mitochondrial function-related signaling pathways. Conclusion: Our work may provide a theoretical basis for the development of anti-T2D drugs as antiaging drugs, especially for the treatment of age-related disease in diabetic patients.

Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activity Screening of Mushrooms Growing in the Leningrad Region

Introduction. The emergence of new strains of microorganisms that are multidrug resistant (MDR) in relation to the antimicrobial drugs used is one of the pressing problems of modern medicine. To prevent an increase in MDR-related deaths, the search for new antibiotics and their introduction into medical practice must be continuously ongoing. Infectious diseases are also accompanied by cell damage and the development of free radical oxidation processes, therefore the search for new antioxidants is also an important task. Considering the powerful biosynthetic potential of basidiomycetes, this group of fungi has every prospect of becoming a new source of biologically active substances in general, as well as antibiotics and antioxidants in particular. Cap mushrooms, represented mainly by basidiomycetes, number about 14,000 species and are an accessible source of raw materials for the search for promising antimicrobial compounds and antioxidants.Aim. Study of the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of total extracts obtained from cap mushrooms against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans and assessment of the suitability of cap mushrooms as a natural source of substances with antimicrobial and antioxidant activity.Materials and methods. The antifungal and antibacterial activity of the extracts was determined by the micromethod of two-fold serial dilutions in a liquid nutrient medium in 96-well plates in duplicate. The study of this type of biological activity was carried out against reference (type) strains Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538-P, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Candida albicans NCTC 885-653. To study antioxidant activity using DPPH, we used alcoholic extracts from the fruiting bodies of mushrooms obtained by maceration with 96 % ethanol at a ratio of raw materials to extractant of 1 to 8 for 24 hours, an aqueous solution of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and an ethanol solution of Trolox.Result and discussion. In relation to S. aureus, a representative of gram-positive flora, the studied extracts of cap mushrooms showed low activity, on average about 2500 or 5000 μg/ml. In relation to E. coli, a representative of gram-negative flora, 8 % of the studied cap mushroom extracts showed an average activity of about 1250 μg/ml. The largest number of cap mushroom extracts – 19% of all studied species – showed activity against the yeast micromycete C. albicans. The highest activity against C. albicans was observed in extracts of the mushrooms Cantharellula umbonata with an MIC of 625 μg/ml, Cortinarius olivaceofuscus with an MIC of 625 μg/ml, and Hypomyces chrysospermus with an MIC of 312 μg/ml. During screening of antioxidant activity, the studied extracts were divided into three groups: with high (more than 50 % PPR), medium (from 15 to 50 % PPR) and low (less than 15 %) antioxidant activity. It was shown that the sum of phenolic compounds significantly correlates with the level of antioxidant activity in all three groups, but in the groups with medium and low antioxidant activity there are also other non-phenolic groups of compounds that make a significant contribution to the total antioxidant activity.Conclusion. Cap mushrooms are a promising source of biologically active substances with antifungal and antioxidant activity.

Antifungal activities of leaf extracts from the Capsicum genus

The emergence of microorganisms resistant to antimicrobials has driven the search for new substances aimed at the control and prevention of pathogens. Plant antimicrobial peptides have biotechnological applications in the development of drugs and agricultural inputs for this purpose. The present work aims to evaluate the antifungal activity of extracts containing peptides obtained from the leaves of Capsicum plants. The accessions UENF 1626, 1632 and 1381 and the cultivar Carioquinha were used. The leaves were macerated, and then extraction was performed using a 60% methanol and dichloromethane solution in a 1:1 ratio. The hydromethanolic phase was separated and used for testing after evaporation of methanol. All extracts have a similar electrophoretic profile on tricine gel stained with Coomassie Blue, showing 2 bands of approximately 6.5 and 3.5 kDa. Inhibition of fungal growth with 24 h of culture was performed in liquid culture medium in 96-well plates with reading at 620 nm using extracts with a protein concentration of 200 mg mL-1. The filamentous fungi Fusarium solani, Fusarium lateritium, and Colletotrichum lindemuthianum and the yeasts Candida albicans, Candida buinensis, Candida tropicalis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Pichia membranifaciens and Kluyveromyces marxianus were used. The extract with the greatest antifungal potential was the leaves of Capsicum annuum cv. Carioquinha, inhibiting the growth of F. solani by 29%, C. lindemuthianum by 15%, Candida buinensis by 22% and K. marxianus by 24%. Therefore, the extract has peptides with biotechnological potential.