Medium Level Correlation Research Articles

The Predictive Utility of Circulating PCSK9 Levels on Diabetic Retinopathy Stage

Purpose To investigate the value of proprotein-converting subtilisin kexin type 9 (PCSK9) levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) patients with different stages of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and to compare these findings with a healthy control group without diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods A total of 135 patients, 100 of whom were patients with T2D and 35 of whom were in the health control group, were included in this prospective study. T2D patients were divided into three groups: the first group included 34 people with T2D without DR, the second group had 32 people with non-proliferative DR (NPDR), and the third group had 34 people with proliferative DR (PDR). Serum PCSK9 levels were analyzed and compared between the groups. Results Forty-nine percent of the participants were female, and the mean age was 64 ± 9.1 years, with no statistically significant results between the four groups in terms of age and sex. The mean serum PCSK9 value was significantly different (p = 0.01) when all groups were evaluated, and statistically significant change was observed with the progression of DR. When serum PCSK9 levels were evaluated in all T2D patients (groups 1, 2, and 3), a medium-level correlation was observed with low-density lipoprotein (p < 0.05). Conclusion Serum PCSK9 values differed significantly in diabetic patients compared to the control group. One should be clinically cautious about the usefulness of circulating PCSK9 concentrations as an indicator of the risk of diabetic retinopathy.

Anyone with A Charger? Correlation of Nomophobia, Leisure Boredom and Quality of Life in Youth at University

Aim: Along with affecting our daily lives and habits majorly, rapidly developing technology is known to increase the leisure boredom of youth in case they stay away from the technology. The fear of staying away from smartphones which is the most important material of portable technology is described as a recent disturbance and even a “a disorder of the modern world” (King et.al., 2010). In order for smartphones which have a significant place to meet the needs of life with aims such as pandemics, earthquakes etc. not to become an illness, it is important to investigate the reasons behind it. Considering these, the aim of the current study is to compare the digital game addiction, leisure boredom and quality of life of the students of Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University in terms of different variables and to evaluate the correlation and effect sizes of these scales. Method: The study group consists of 405 university students (Meanage = 21.71± 4.13) studying at Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University 239 of which are female (Meanage = 21.69± 4.30) and 166 of which are male (Meanage = 21.74± 3.88). As data collection tool, Leisure Boredom Scale (LBS) (Iso-Ahola &amp; Weissinger 1990; Kara et.al, 2014), Nomophobia Scale (NFS) (Yıldırım &amp; Correia 2015; Yıldırım et.al, 2016) and Quality of Life Scale – Short Form (QOL-SF) (Eser et.al, 2010) were used. In the analysis of the obtained data, descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson Correlation and regression tests were used. To determine the reliability of scales, Cronbach Alpha intern coefficients were calculated. Findings: When the analysis results were evaluated, it is determined that there is a statistically significant difference in the total scores of LBS, NFS and QOL-SF in terms of “having difficulty in evaluating leisure”, “participation frequency in physical activity” and “evaluating oneself as smartphone addict”. Also, it is determined there is a statistically significant difference in the total scores of LBS and NFS in terms of “use of smartphone times/hour” (p&lt;0.01). According to the Pearson correlation analysis, there is a positive and medium level correlation between NFS and LBS whereas there is a negative and low level of correlation between NFS and QOL-SF. Also, there is a negative and medium level of correlation between LBS and QOL-SF. The data showed that NFS has a negative impact on QOL-SF LBS has a negative impact on QOL-SF, and NFS has a positive impact on LBS. Conclusion: It is concluded that the group which has no difficulty in making use of leisure, who participates in physical activity regularly, who has less connection with their smartphones and who doesn’t see themselves as smartphone addicts have lower levels of leisure boredom perception and nomophobia whereas they have higher levels of quality of life. The fear of losing connections increases the level of boredom perception in students and it decreases the quality of life. Also, quality of life decreases due to the increase in boredom perception.

The Relationship Between Mastery of Nahwu Sharf and The Ability to Translate Arabic Texts

In translation, one will face difficulties transferring Arabic texts into Indonesian. There are often many inconsistencies in language change when it has been translated. Nahwu and sharf are often linked to the problem. It is incomplete for someone to learn this nahwu sharf, which makes the Arabic translation imperfect. Likewise with the reality that happened to the 5th semester students Department of Arabic Teaching, University of Muhammadiyah Malang. This study aims to determine the relationship between mastery of nahwu sharf and the ability to translate Arabic texts into Indonesian. The results of the Pearson Correlations Bivariate test on this test with sig (2-tailed) by 5% and = 0.468, showing a result of 0.574 0.468, which means . This study shows a significant relationship between the two variables. Based on correlation results = 0.574, it is located at intervals 0.40 – 0.599, which means the relationship between the two variables lies at a medium-level correlation. This answer is that mastery of nahwu sharf is not the only aspect that influences translation skills; various other aspects influence the ability to translate Arabic texts.

High School Teachers' Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge and Self-efficacy Perceptions

The aim of this research is to determine the correlation between high school teachers' technological pedagogical content knowledge levels and teacher self-efficacy perceptions. In the 2018-2019 academic year, 386 teachers working in high schools in the city center of Karaman, Turkey, participated in the research conducted in the correlational survey model. The data of the study were collected with the personal information form, the technological pedagogical content knowledge scale and the teacher self-efficacy scale. In the analysis of the data, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, Pearson correlation technique were used. When the research findings are examined; it was concluded that teachers' technological pedagogical content knowledge and their self-efficacy perceptions are at high level. At the same time, there was a positive and medium-level correlation between teachers' technological pedagogical content knowledge and their perception of self-efficacy. The research findings were discussed in line with the related literature and some suggestions were made.

Neutrophil/lymphocyte and platelet/lymphocyte ratios as a biomarker in postoperative wound infections

Abstract Objectives We aimed to investigate retrospectively the association between the development of surgical wound infection after orthopedic surgery, and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR) obtained from complete blood count results. Methods A total of 120 patients who underwent orthopedic surgery between 2018 and 2020 were evaluated retrospectively in our study. Wound culture results, complete blood counts, C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) values, orthopedic surgery, and wound types were obtained from the laboratory data administration system. The data were statistically analyzed using SPSS 22.0 software. Results A total of 70 patients who experienced surgical wound infection (66% males and 34% females) and 50 patients without wound infection (64% males and 36% females) were included in this study. The mean age was 46.8 ± 11.4 years for the patients with infection after surgery and 50.1 ± 11.7 years for the patients without infection. Preoperative CRP, NLR, and PLR, and post-operative white blood cell (WBC), neutrophils, ESR, CRP, NLR, and PLR values were significantly higher, and lymphocyte concentrations were significantly lower in the group with infection, in comparison with those without infection. In the postoperative period, CRP and ESR were high in patients with and without infection, while NLR was increased in only those with infection. A medium-level correlation was found between NLR and PLR, and CRP and ESR. Sensitivity was 66%, and specificity was 68% with a cut-off of &gt;3.5 for NLR, while sensitivity was 42% and specificity was 71% with a cut-off of &gt;135 for PLR. Conclusions We believe that the estimation of NLR and PLR values before the intervention in patients undergoing orthopedic surgery may be advantageous for identifying infection.

Analysis of the factors predicting curriculum literacy of preservice teachers

This study aimed to explore the factors predicting curriculum literacy of preservice teachers in terms of some variables, such as gender, taking Curriculum Development in Education course, department, and critical thinking disposition. The research used a relational-correlational survey research design. The participants of the research were 336 seniors who were studying in various departments of the Education Faculty at Usak University. The research data were collected via the "Curriculum Literacy Perception Scale" and the "Critical Thinking Disposition Scale". The data were analyzed through descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation), Pearson correlation analysis and Hierarchical Multiple Regression. The research findings indicated that a medium level correlation was identified between curriculum literacy and critical thinking. It was also revealed that gender, taking Curriculum Development in Education course and department comprising the first model were significant predictors of curriculum literacy and explained 8% of curriculum literacy. As for the critical thinking sub-dimensions comprising the second model, except tenacity-patience and open-mindedness sub-dimensions, metacognition, flexibility and systematicity were significant predictors of curriculum literacy and explained 25% of curriculum literacy. Based on the findings, the Curriculum Development in Education course may be suggested to be offered as a mandatory course for all departments of education faculty. It is also suggested that education faculty focus on enhancing the critical thinking of preservice teachers.

Investigation of the preservice teachers science-pseudoscience distinction and epistemological beliefs

This study aims to investigate preservice teachers’ science-pseudoscience distinctions, epistemological beliefs, and to explore the relationship between these two parameters. To this end, a correlational research design has been employed. The study was conducted with the participation of 182 preservice science and preschool teachers, with the data being collected through the Science-Pseudoscience Distinction Scale and Epistemological Beliefs Questionnaire using descriptive statistics, multiple regression analyses, and correlation analyses. The results reveal the participants to have sophisticated epistemological beliefs and the ability to distinguish between science and pseudoscience, as well as a positive medium-level correlation between these two variables. Moreover, when comparing results through the variables of gender, department, and whether or not teachers follow scientific publications or broadcasts, these variables have been found to not predict participants’ levels of science-pseudoscience distinction or epistemological beliefs. The preservice teachers’ levels of science-pseudoscience distinction were found to vary significantly only based on grade level and favoring of senior preservice teachers. In more specific analyses, the preservice science teachers’ epistemological beliefs were found to be more developed than preservice preschool teachers, with epistemological beliefs to be more developed as grade level increases. In light of these findings, lessons are recommended to be enhanced with activities designed to improve epistemological beliefs and the ability to distinguish between science and pseudoscience.

Learner classification based on interaction data in E-learning environments: the ELECTRE TRI method

E-learning environments can store huge amounts of data on the interaction of learners with the content, assessment and discussion. Yet, after the identification of meaningful patterns or learning behaviour in the data, it is necessary to use these patterns to improve learning environments. It is notable that designs to benefit from these patterns have been developed particularly with the use of educational data mining and learning analytics in the recent times. On the other hand, multi-criteria decision-making methods provide opportunities to researchers to discover and use the patterns in the data obtained from learning environments. This study seeks to discover the patterns in the interaction data gathered from e-learning environments. In this context, the research has two main objectives. Firstly, it aims to utilize the ELECTRE TRI method, which is one of the multi-criteria decision-making methods designed to classify the learners based on the interaction data in different units. Secondly, it aims to analyse the relationship between the classification based on the ELECTRE TRI method and the classification in the real life. To that end, two different interaction data sets obtained from learning management systems at different times are used in this study. The first data set consists of the data on 11 criteria and 78 students whereas the second data set consists of the data on 25 criteria and 65 students. Three different categories are identified in the first data set by the ELECTRE TRI method. Based on this finding, the classification in the ELECTRE TRI method is compared to the real-life classification, which shows a medium-level correlation. Two different categories are identified in the second data set. There is a medium-level correlation between these categories and the real-life classification as well. In conclusion, this study presents discussions on the use of multi-criteria decision-making methods to improve e-learning environments.

Analyzing Motor Development and Emergent Literacy Skills of Preschool Children

Children start to gain basic literacy skills during preschool that they will constantly be depended on for their academic activities in primary school. Through learning shoulder girdle strength, fine motor skills, and eye-hand coordination, the foundation of motor skills is developed. Examining the effects of motor skills on emergent literacy skills could provide helpful information on the associations among motor and, reading and writing development. The purpose of this study was to analyze 5 years old children’s motor development and emergent literacy skills. The sample of the study consisted of 160 preschool children from main district of Istanbul. Dumans TMB scale and OYHB scale was used for data collection purposes. Results showed that majority of the preschool children (68%) participated in the study had insufficient level of emergent literacy skills. This group’s motor development score was also significantly lower than instructional group. Pearson correlation analysis showed that there was a positive and medium level correlation between the scores of motor development and emergent literacy in both groups. It has been suggested that preschool children’s motor skills should be taken into account for their emergent literacy skills development.

SPOR ÖRGÜTLERİNDE KARANLIK KİŞİLİK, ÖRGÜTSEL SİNİZM ve İŞ TATMİNİ İLİŞKİSİNİN İNCELENMESİ

Bu çalışmada, spor örgütlerinde karanlık üçlü, örgütsel sinizm ve iş tatmini düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma, nicel araştırma yöntemlerinde yer alan tarama modellerinden ilişkisel tarama modelinde desenlenmiştir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu, seçkisiz olmayan örnekleme yöntemlerinden kolayda örnekleme yöntemiyle belirlenen, Mersin ve Karaman Gençlik ve Spor il Müdürlüklerinde görev alan 45 kadın, 77 erkek toplam 122 Gençlik ve Spor il Müdürlüğü çalışanından oluşmaktadır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanan kişisel bilgi formu ile Örgütsel Sinizm Ölçeği (Karacaoğlu ve İnce, 2012), Karanlık Üçlü Ölçeği (Özsoy vd., 2017) ve İş Tatmini Ölçeği (Özsoy ve Ardıç, 2017) kullanılmıştır. Verilerin normallik sınamasında Skewness ve Kurtosis değerleri dikkate alınmıştır. Verilerin analizinde ise tanımlayıcı istatistiklerin yanı sıra, Pearson korelasyon ve çoklu doğrusal regresyon analizleri yapılmıştır. Elde edilen verilerin analizleri sonucunda, iş tatmini ölçeği ile örgütsel sinizm ölçeği bilişsellik (r=-.217, p.05) ve davranışsal (r=-.272, p.05) alt boyutları arasında negatif yönde düşük düzeyde; duygusal alt boyutu arasında negatif yönde orta düzeyde ilişki (r=-.434, p.05) tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca iş tatmini ölçeği ile karanlık üçlü ölçeği alt boyutlarından makyavelizm (r=-.316, p.05), psikopati (r=-.321, p.05) ve narsisizm (r=-.442, p.05) arasında negatif yönde orta düzeyde ilişki gözlemlenmiştir. Bununla birlikte örgütsel sinizmin duygusal alt boyutu ile karanlık üçlü ölçeği alt boyutlarından psikopati (r=.269, p=0.05) ve narsisizm (r=.186, p=0.05) arasında ise pozitif yönde düşük düzeyde; davranışsal alt boyutu ile narsisizm (r=.185, p=0.05) arasında düşük düzeyde pozitif yönde ilişki tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, çoklu regresyon analizine göre; örgütsel sinizm (bilişsel-duygusal-davranışsal) ile karanlık üçlü ölçekleri (makyavelizm-psikopati-narsisizm) alt boyutları, iş tatmini ile orta düzeyde ve anlamlı bir ilişki göstermektedir (R=0.579, R2=0. 335, p<.000). Test sonuçları, örgütsel sinizm alt boyutlarından duygusal ile karanlık üçlü ölçeği alt boyutlarından narsisizmin, iş tatmini üzerinde anlamlı bir etkiye sahip olduğunu göstermektedir (p<.05). Dolayısıyla modeldeki diğer değişkenler sabit tutulduğunda, duygusal alt boyutundaki bir birimlik artış, iş tatmini üzerinde 0,381 birimlik azalışa neden olmaktadır. Benzer şekilde narsisizm alt boyutundaki bir birimlik artış, iş tatmini üzerinde 0,341 birimlik azalış göstermektedir. Sonuç olarak, spor örgütlerinde çalışanların iş tatmin düzeyleri üzerinde, bireylerin kişilik yapıları ile örgüt ortamının önemli yordayıcı etkisi olduğu söylenebilir. Bireylerin iş tatmini üzerinde karanlık kişilik özellikleri ile örgütsel sinizmin olumsuz etkiye neden olduğu belirtilebilir. İş tatmininin artması diğer pozitif örgütsel çıktılar ile pozitif yönde ilişkili olduğu için çalışanların iş tatminlerini artırmaya yönelik düzenlemeler yapılması örgütlerin temel hedefleri arasında olmalıdır. Ayrıca kişi-örgüt uyumu son derece önemlidir. Örgüt kültürü ve iklimi ile uyumlu olabilecek bireyler istihdam edilmelidir.

Gravimetric and Spectrophotometric Determination of Surface Wax Content in Maize Kernels

There are several methods available to determine wax content in maize kernel. These methods are based on gravimetric, spectrophotometric, and chromatographic analyses. This study aims to determine the surface wax content on maize kernel with different reference methods and develop NIR (Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy) calibration models based on those reference methods. In this study, samples from 250 different maize genotypes were used. Surface wax content in the samples was determined by gravimetric and UV-Spectrophotometric methods. The results of each reference method were used to develop NIR prediction models for surface wax content in kernel samples. Our results suggest that there is a medium-level correlation (r=0.708) between the data obtained from spectrophotometric and gravimetric methods. Also, significant differences were observed between the wax content obtained from reference methods. It has been found that the NIR calibration model (RMSE =4.381, R2 =0.143, r =0,378, RPD =1.08) based on the gravimetric method had lower estimation power than the NIR calibration model (RMSEC =7.257, R2 =0.221, r =0.471, RPD =1.34) based on the UV spectroscopic method. Keywords: Near Infrared Spectroscopy, Biochemical test, Zea mays, Regression DOI: 10.7176/JSTR/5-9-11

EXAMINATION OF THE ATTITUDES OF THE STUDENTS OF THE SCHOOL OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORTS TOWARDS THE EDUTAINMENT APPROACH

The aim of this study is to determine School of Physical Education and Sports students’ attitudes background about edutainment approach. A total of 338 students participated in the study; 118 female and 220 male. The study used Attitude Towards Edutainment Scale for data collection purposes. The data obtained were analyzed through descriptive statistics, Explanatory Factor Analysis, Correlation Analysis and Multiple Linear Regression Analysis by using SPSS 18 software. According to the findings the relationship among attitude factors regarding edutainment, correlations among factors range between ,51 and ,63. The lowest correlation value (0.51) was calculated for “perceived learning effect” and “drama” and “practice” factor while the highest correlation (0.63) for “expression and material and drama and practice” factors. Pearson correlation coefficients imply a medium level correlation among all factors. According to standardized beta (β) values in regression model, which shows the correlation among variables, “perceived learning effect” factor has the strongest effect on all recommendation and satisfaction-which are the dependent variables. In conclusion, the study found a meaningful relationship between edutainment approach and “recommendation” and edutainment approach and “satisfaction” It was also found that “satisfaction” has a strong effect on recommendation variable.

Transcriptomic profiles in peripheral blood between women with unexplained recurrent implantation failure and recurrent miscarriage and the correlation with endometrium: A pilot study.

AimTo study the transcriptome profiles in the blood of recurrent implantation failure (RIF), recurrent miscarriage (RM) and fertile women during the window of implantation, and further analysis the correlation of transcriptome profiles between blood and endometrium.MethodsThis is an observational prospective study. In total 9 subjects were recruited, 3 RIF, 3 RM, and 3 controls. Paired samples (endometrium and peripheral blood) from the same subjects were precisely timed on the 7th days after luteal hormone surge (LH+7). RNA sequencing was applied to investigate the transcriptome profiles.ResultsThe results of transcriptome in peripheral blood cannot be used to characterize women with RIF and unexplained RM. There was a medium level correlation between transcriptome in peripheral blood and endometrium during the window of implantation.ConclusionThe differential transcriptome patterns in blood are not representative of those in endometrium, and the blood transcriptome cannot differentiate among the women with RIF, RM or fertile.

The Correlation between Fasting Blood Glucose Level with Infiltrated Axillary Limph Node Rate in Infiltrating Ductal Carcinoma of the Breast

Cancer cell have been shown to extensively use glucose for proliferation, even at hypoxia environment. The consumption of glucose in a hypoxia environment induced HIF and VEGF, which play a role in cancer cell infiltration process . The objective of study is to determine the relationship between fasting blood glucose levels with the amount of infiltrated axillary lymph node in patients with infiltrating ductal carcinoma. This is an analytic observational study with cross sectional design. The data obtained were tested with chi-square test (α &lt; 0.05). This study was conducted on 24 infiltrating ductal carcinoma patients. The results showed p value of 0.004, indicating there is a significant correlation between fasting blood glucose levels with the amount of infiltrated axillary lymph nodes. The correlation coefficient ( r) value was 0.505; indicating medium level correlation. As conclusion, there is a significant correlation between fasting blood glucose levels with the amount of infiltrated axillary lymph node in patients with infiltrating ductal carcinoma.Keywords: axillary lymph nodes, breast cancer, fasting blood glucose level, infiltrating ductal carcinoma

The Social Functionality of Schizophrenic Patients and the Burden Experienced by Their Caregivers

This descriptive study was carried out to determine the social functionality levels of the schizophrenic patients, the burden experienced by their caregivers. The universe comprised of 130 caregivers selected from the hospitals and Schizophrenic Patients and Relatives Solidarity Society in Ankara. For data collection 'Patient and Caregiver Identification Form”, 'Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale” and 'Schizophrenic Patients Functional Recovery Scale” were used. For the normality assumption in data evaluation, the Shapiro-Wilks test, for the significance difference between two means, and one way variance analysis, and for correlation Pearson Correlation Coefficient Test were used. The study results revealed that caregivers’ burden level was medium relatives (55.80±15.90), and the patients’ social functionality was also medium (49.96±16.34), and there was a negative medium level correlation between the social functionality average points of the patients and the average burden points of the caregiver patient relatives. It was determined that there was statistically important difference between points according to age, education and employment status of the patients, job of working patients, regular drug use and medical visits, caregiver age, civil status, relation with the patient, employment and income level, number of family members, time spent with the patient, knowledge about disease, society membership and regular attendance to family education sessions. Education and employment of patients, regular drug use and medical visits, substance addicttion and substance type caused statistically important difference between social functionalty levels of patients. Thus, psychiatric nurses one suggested to plan necessary psychosocial skill training to improve social functionality levels of patients.

English

The aim of this research is to investigate preservice mathematics teachers' performances on systems of linear equations within the context of self-efficacy on systems of linear equations. The research uses a case study methodology which follows from the qualitative paradigm. 42 second year pupils from the department of primary mathematics education in 2009-2010 academic year were chosen for the study by using the convenience sampling strategy. Performance Test of Systems of Linear Equations was used to assess of the preservice mathematics teachers’ performances on solving systems of linear equations and Systems of Linear Equations Self-efficacy Test (m=n, m≠n) was developed and used to determine the levels of efficacy. In the analysis of the quantitative qualitative and data, inferential and descriptive statistics were used respectively. While the majority of preservice mathematics teachers showed medium-level performance, more than half of the participants had high-levels of self-efficacy. The presence of a significant positive medium level correlation between performance and self-efficacy is an indicator of the fact that self-efficacy affects performance.

The Investigation of the Metacognitive Awarness and the Academic Achievement about Simple Machine in 7th Grade Students in Primary Education

The aim of this research is to determine the level of metacognitive awarness and level of academic achievement about simple machine, which is a basic subject in Primary Education Science and Technology Course, and to assess correlation between metacognitive awarness and academic achivement about simple machine. The study was conducted in the second semester of 2010-2011 education year with 7th grade students of ten schools chosen randomly and located in Çankaya, Ankara. The quantative data obtained from the Metacognitive Awarness Inventory (MAI) and Academic Test about Simple Machine were analyzied using quantative analysis. In the quantitative analysis, frequency, mean, standard deviation, percentage, independent sample t-test and multiple lineer regression were used. In addition, the most convenient methods for each of the data were applied. At the end of the research a significant difference was detected in many variables. The analysis of data and diagnoises revealed the following;•The significant difference was found between both the academic achievements of girl students and boy students about simple machine which is basic subject in primary education science and technology [t(412)= 3.08, p<.05]. However the significant difference was not found between girl students metacognition awarness and boy students metacognition awarness [t(412)= .708, p>.05].•The positive and medium level correlation was establish between academich achievement about simple machine and metacognitive awarness (r=.353, p<0.05).•Acording to analysis of multiple lineer regression, Metacognitive awarness clarify approximately %13 of cumulative variance of academic achivements (R= 0.353, R2= 126, p=<.05).

Storms and surges in Irish coastal waters

Abstract Mechanisms of storm surge formation and severity on the north European continental shelf and, in particular, in the Irish coastal waters are examined in this paper. A numerical surge model was developed and used in combination with meteorological forcing and hydrographic records to analysis aspects of surge mechanics. An attempt is made to estimate sea level response to meteorology and to quantify pressure and wind contributions as a driving force. Results show that the inverted barometer term contributes to more than 80% of surge residual in the Celtic Sea and to approximately 55% along the British coast in the Irish Sea. Local winds on the Irish Sea have less of an impact on storm surge heights than previously reported; the Irish Sea surges are predominantly caused by the propagation of external surges into the basin from the north and south channels. An analysis of sea level variability due to wind or pressure was undertaken to select regions of positive and negative interactions. Negative correlation between wind and pressure-driven surges found in the Celtic Sea explains generally low magnitudes of surges in this region, while medium level correlation coefficients could be responsible for generally high surges in the eastern Irish Sea and coast of Scotland. Following a regression analysis, it was determined that in these regions a drop of atmospheric pressure by 1 mbar implies a rise of sea level by 1.2 cm. Non-linear tide–surge interactions are also investigated. Relationships between surge and tidal phase are determined at numerous locations in the Irish coastal waters. Analysis shows that interaction characteristics vary from site to site due to shallow water dynamics and variations in topography. The regional pattern of tide–surge interactions is quite remarkable. Finally, a characterisation of the statistical properties of extreme surges is given. An efficient approach is adopted considering statistics of extremes. A hybrid GEV-EV1 statistical solution was used to estimate the 10, 50 and 200-years extreme surge in the Irish coastal waters.