Use In Media Research Articles

Sociolinguistics in Saudi Arabia: Present situation and future directions

This study provides a brief state-of-the-art overview of sociolinguistic research in Saudi Arabia. It begins with a historical review of the language situation in Saudi Arabia in an attempt to relate the past situation with current language use, focusing on studies that examine Arabic dialects of major tribes and urban centers in the Arabian Peninsula before and after the creation of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. It continues with a schematic survey of major trends in Saudi sociolinguistic works over the past few decades, including language variation and change, language contact, language attitudes, and code-switching. As such trends unfolded, researchers investigated the processes of dialect contact, mixing, and, ultimately, koineization and followed, in particular, the socioeconomic changes that Saudi Arabia has witnessed in terms of the spread of education, population movements, and urbanization patterns. Special attention is given to the various sociolinguistic methods employed in such works, as well as the linguistic features that are examined. This study concluded with future directions for Saudi sociolinguistic research in an effort to highlight topics and concerns that need further research, such as certain sociolects and ethnolects, and also new topics and trends associated with language use in social media, particularly by the younger generation.

Improving Students' Reading Comprehension by Using Kahoot!

The purpose of this study is to discover the process of using Kahoot! to improve student's reading comprehension, the improvement of students' reading comprehension after teaching with Kahoot!, and how students respond to the Kahoot! application. The researcher employed a classroom action research design (CAR), and data was gathered through the use of a test, questionnaire, and observation sheets. The outcome revealed that there was a positive response after the action was carried out. Following the action, 66,7% of students strongly agreed that Kahoot! could improve reading comprehension and 53,3% agreed that Kahoot! was effective in learning English. Furthermore, the students' mean pre-test score was 64, and 4 (26,7%) were able to pass the KKM. The mean score of post-test 1 was 69,3, and the percentage of students who passed the KKM was 6 (40%). The mean score of post-test 2 was 74,2, and the percentage of students who passed the KKM was 8 (53,3%). The mean score of post-test 3 was 78,3 and the class percentage of students who passed the KKM was 13 (87%). It can be concluded that Kahoot! is a suitable medium for use in high school, particularly for improving students' reading comprehension.

THE EFFECT OF MEDIA USE ON THE QUALITY OF LEARNING OUTCOMES IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN MBOONI EAST SUB-COUNTY, KENYA

The study sought to accentuate instructional media use and the quality of learning outcomes in English language in public secondary schools. Its purpose was to determine the effect of instructional media use on the quality of learning outcomes in English language in public secondary schools in Mbooni East Sub-County, Makueni County. The study employed a mixed approach with a descriptive survey design. Data was collected from Extra County, County and Sub-county public secondary schools using questionnaires, interview schedules and tests for the students where a 97.33% response rate was achieved. The dependent variable was learning outcomes in English language among students in public secondary schools in Mbooni East Sub-county, Kenya while the independent variable was instructional media use. The target population was teachers of English, heads of languages department and form their students in the Sub-county. Simple random sampling was used to select the students while purposive sampling was used to select the teachers of English and the Heads of Department languages. A sample of 12 teachers, 12 heads of the languages department and 313 students were involved. The instruments’ validity was determined through expert opinion from the school of Education of Machakos University. The reliability of the instruments was ascertained during piloting a sample that was not part of the study. Two approaches were used in analyzing the data, that is, descriptive and thematic approaches for quantitative and qualitative respectively. Quantitative data was analyzed through descriptive statistics and presented in frequencies, means and percentages with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Content analysis was used to analyze qualitative data which was thematically presented in prose. The study reveals that the quality of learning outcomes in English language in the sub-county is slightly below average, sub-county schools perform poorer and female students outshine their male counterparts. It was concluded that instructional media use enhances learning outcomes in English language. The study recommends that the Ministry of Education should equip public schools with instructional resources. In addition, the Quality Assurance and Standards officers and school principals should emphasize to teachers to use instructional media in teaching English language. Parents and other stakeholders in schools through the Board of Management should also come up with strategies on how to provide instructional media for use by teachers to enhance learners’ quality of learning outcomes.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0023/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

Media reporting on alcohol and other drugs in Australia and the Mindframe guidelines: Baseline data.

The aim of this study was to generate a baseline database of print media reporting on alcohol and other drug (AOD) issues prior to the release of the Mindframe guidelines in March 2019. Specifically, to: (i) describe the content associated with media entries that focus on AOD use in Australian news media; (ii) determine how the media entries compare to several domains associated with recently developed Mindframe guidelines for publicly reporting on AOD; and (iii) identify content factors associated with different scores. Media entries between July 2016 and June 2017 were searched for key AOD-related terms using the Australian and New Zealand Newsstream database. Two coding schemes were developed to rate a stratified sample of 50% of the media entries against the Mindframe guidelines. Associations between content and total comparison scores were determined using linear regression models. Detailed coding of the 2007 articles identified as relevant for the current study indicated that a majority (67%) were focused on one of three substances: alcohol, cannabis or methamphetamine. Most of the entries were either law enforcement (22%) or criminal justice related (19%). Entries that focused on methamphetamine scored significantly lower than entries on alcohol when compared to the Mindframe guidelines, similarly entries focused on crime/justice-related topics scored significantly lower than entries focused on positive outcomes. A disproportionate number of print media entries, particularly those related methamphetamine use, focused on crime or justice-related topics, potentially further contributing to stigma, and emphasising the legal consequences of AOD use.

What users’ musical preference on Twitter reveals about psychological disorders

Previous research found a strong relation between the users’ psychological disorders and their language use in social media posts in terms of vocabulary selection, emotional expressions, and psychometric attributes. However, although studying the association between psychological disorders and musical preference is considered as rather an old tradition in the clinical analysis of health data, it is not explored through the lens of social media analytics. In this study, we investigate which attributes of the music posted on social media are associated with mental health conditions of Twitter users. We created a large-scale dataset of 1519 Twitter users with six self-reported psychological disorders (depression, bipolar, anxiety, panic, post-traumatic stress disorder, and borderline) and matched with 2480 control users. We then conduct an observational study to investigate the relationship between the users’ psychological disorders and their musical preference by analyzing lyrics of the music tracks that the users shared on Twitter from multiple dimensions including word usage, linguistic style, sentiment and emotion patterns, topical interests and underlying semantics. Our findings reveal descriptive differences on the linguistic and semantic features of music tracks of affected users compared to control individuals and among users from different psychological disorders. Additionally, we build a feature-based and an (explainable) deep learning-based binary classifiers trained on disorder and control users and demonstrate that lyrics of the music tracks of users on Twitter can be considered as complementary information to their published posts to improve the accuracy of the disorder detection task. Overall, we find that the music attributes of users on Twitter allow inferences about their mental health status.

Liberals are Believers: Young People Assign Trust to Social Media for COVID-19 Information

ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged existing health communication strategies as more people turn to social media as a primary health information source. Although many studies have explored how young people use social media, this study examined how sociodemographic factors and political ideology are associated with use and trust in social media as a source for COVID-19 information among young adults, and how use and trust in social media as a COVID-19 information source are associated with their beliefs about COVID-19. In Spring 2021, an online survey was conducted among 2,105 18–29-year-old students at an urban university in California. Our findings show that younger, female, non-binary, Asian, and Black/African American students are most likely to obtain and trust COVID-19 information on social media. Results also suggest that liberal students are more likely to turn to social media as a source for COVID-19 information compared to conservatives. However, conservative students who use social media as a source for information were more likely to believe false health information about prevention measures and the vaccine and to have lower perceived effectiveness of COVID-19 prevention behaviors and vaccination compared to liberals.

Occurrence and implications of per and polyfluoroalkyl substances in animal feeds used in laboratory toxicity testing

The exceptional thermal and chemical stability and the amphiphilicity of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have resulted in widespread use and subsequent contamination in environmental media and biota. Concerns surrounding toxicity have led to numerous animal-based toxicity studies. Due to the ubiquity of PFAS and the low parts per trillion (ppt) health advisory levels for drinking water, several contamination elimination protocols have been implemented. In addition, it is urgently necessary to perform low-dose experiments, but due to unknown pathways for entry of unwanted PFAS, low-dose studies are extremely challenging to conduct. However, animal feed sources are a likely route that could introduce unwanted PFAS into experiments, yet investigations of PFAS in common animal feeds are lacking. Here, we report the examination of PFAS levels in eighteen different animal feeds, representing a range of diets fed to diverse taxa. We evaluated whether PFAS levels in feeds were correlated with ingredient composition (plant versus animal-based) or dietary habits of lab animals (amphibian, fish, invertebrate, mammal). PFOS, PFHxS, PFOA, and short-chain perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids had the highest detection levels and frequencies across all samples. Different food ingredients led to different PFAS profiles. No meaningful levels of PFAS precursors were detected. We demonstrate that PFAS contamination in animal feed is pervasive. Reducing food-sourced PFAS is a critical, albeit challenging task to improve interpretability of in vivo exposures.

Modeling and Animation of Natural Phenomena for Visual Effects

The visual effects industry relies heavily on the modeling and animation of natural events to create convincing and engaging worlds for use in media like movies, TV shows, and video games. However, because to the complexity and variety of natural processes, attaining realistic and accurate results might be difficult. We examine the current methods for modeling and animating natural occurrences for visual effects and discuss their benefits and drawbacks. We also detail the technique and tools we utilized to conduct our study, which compared the efficacy, realism, and accuracy of several data collection methods and modeling methodologies. Based on our findings, the most efficient method of animation is provided by simulation techniques, while the best method of modeling natural surroundings is a combination of LiDAR and photogrammetry. But we also point out several caveats and future research directions, such refining the precision of LiDAR data and investigating other methods for mimicking intricate natural events. In sum, this research sheds light on the existing landscape and points the way for future investigations into how to better model and animate natural phenomena for VFX.

Смена стилевого регистра лексем в речевой практике как проблема стилистического нормотворчества

The article examines the problem of the influence of digitalization on standard language usage, leading to changes in literary norms, including stylistic ones. Based on existing research, the author analyzesthe reasons for the destabilization of the norm, namely, a break in the traditions of the culture of speech, the coexistence of normative standards and substandards, greater publicity of speech with a simultaneous weakening of the requirements for its quality. A study conducted on the basis of the Russian National Corpus, a search in the Yandex system and author’s own observations of the speech of contemporaries made it possible, using the example of the distribution of linguistic markers of relativity kasayemo, kasatel'noand chto kasayetsya X, to confirm the hypothesis about the existence of two differently directed trends in changes in the stylistic register of lexemes —lowering high and raising substandardvocabulary. Using synchronous-diachronic, distributive-statistic and corpus methods, the author proves that the beginning of digitalization was the starting point for such changes, the breakdown of the norm occurredin 2000–2023. Due to their predominant use in the mass media and social networks, the linguistic units discussed in the article show a tendency towards stylistic neutralization. The author concludesthat they have formed new, contextually determined stylistic connotations and a certain kind of polysemy, which indicates the need to revise existing normative stylistic marks.

Semantic Choices and Patterns in YouTube Commentaries as Digital Language Variation

Various forms of language use in social media characterize digital culture as part of digital humanities. It is fundamental to be able to get some knowledge of knowing the behavior of people using digital platforms, because nowadays people communicate via digital. Digital communication is a valid text that does not happen suddenly because it can be considered as something that is passive. This paper is important so that the reader can get knowledge about choices and patterns in digital communication. This paper investigated the variety of digital language as social phenomenon in YouTube commentaries. The goals of such investigation were to reveal the semantic choices and the pattern of these choices as online communicative events. Applying qualitative and diachronic approach the research used YouTube comments on a YouTube channel discussing about family vacation throughout 3 years of period, from 2019-2022. Using Halliday’s theory about semantic choice, the paper revealed three groups of semantic choices, which were semantic choice for identifying logical fallacy, semantic choice for identifying statement of feeling and semantic choice for identifying ridiculous behavior. There is also a recurring pattern that can be identified following the results of the analysis. In conclusion, digital language could be used in comparison to in person communication as important and valid development of language in digital humanities.

Meme Stocks und Narrative Economics

In the year 2021 the term “Meme Stock” is used all around the world to describe the absurd events around Gamestop and AMC. This article looks into how these occurrences can be explained by Robert Shiller’s concept of “Narrative Economics”, what they have to do with epidemics, what role social media played in this and what we can learn from it. The results show, that the phenomenon of Meme Stocks can be explained by a complex construct of different Narratives and their use in social media. It could therefore be useful, to integrate the principle behind Narrative Economics into financial models.

An Observational Study of the Implementation of the Tobacco-Free Film and Television Policy in India.

Positive portrayals of tobacco use in entertainment media can normalize and perpetuate use. In 2012, the Government of India implemented the Tobacco-Free Film and Television Rules, a first-of-its-kind comprehensive regulation to restrict tobacco depiction in films and television programs. Two complementary studies were undertaken to assess the implementation of the film rules on television and in movie theaters. In the first part, movie theater observations and exit surveys were conducted from Feb. 3 to March 24, 2015. In total, 308 movie theaters were selected for the observation of films. A total of 3080 exit surveys were conducted to assess moviegoers' reactions toward the film rule. The second part comprised the systematic observation of 424 prerecorded television programs that aired from Nov. 20 to Dec. 30, 2015. Compliance with the Tobacco-Free Film and Television Rules policy was lower on television than in movie theaters. While 66% of television programs with tobacco scenes implemented at least 1 of the 3 elements of the film rule, not a single program executed all required elements correctly. In movie theaters, 99% of films that contained tobacco scenes implemented at least one element of the film rule. However, all elements of the film rules were implemented correctly during 27% of the films observed. Exit surveys showed that among moviegoers who recalled viewing at least one element of the film rule, there was increased concern about tobacco's harms and intentions to quit. Implementation of the film rules was higher in movie theaters than on television, though there were gaps in implementation for both. Despite inconsistent application, audience reactions to the anti-tobacco messages were favorable, with increased concern about tobacco's harms and intention to quit. Overall, the film rules offer a strong tool for countering tobacco promotion, reaching hundreds of millions with anti-tobacco messaging.

Exploring the Decreasing Coercivity Properties of Aluminum Cobalt Ferrites Prepared by Coprecipitation Method

Cobalt aluminum ferrites were synthesized by coprecipitation method at 1000 ºC. XRD studies pointed out the employed samples (Fe2+Al2 3+O42−, Fe0.25Co0.75Al2O4 and Fe0.75Co0.25Al2O4) were crystallized in a single phase cubic spinel form. The synthesized samples were calculated structural parameters such as crystallitesize (D: 17 nm), X-ray density (Dx: 3.97 to 4.15 g/cm3), volume of the unit cell (V: 583.64 to 586.58 Å), lattice strain (ε: 6.9 × 10-3), dislocation density (δ: 3.3 × 10-3) and lattice constant (a: 8.357 to 8.371 Å). The FE-SEM microstructure confirmed that various concentrations result in different particle sizes (5 μm to 500 nm). The magnetic characteristics were investigated by VSM and magnetic parameters like saturation magnetization (Ms: 4.82 × 10-3 to 0.673 emu/g), retentivity (Mr: 1.545 × 10-3 to 0.229 emu/g), coercivity (Hc: 775.45 to 2212.8 Oe), magnetic moment (μB: 1.57 × 10-4 to 2.108 × 10-2), remnant ratio (R: 0.32 to 0.357 no unit) and anisotropy constant (K: 3.418 to 177.57 J/m3) were calculated. High coercivity materials are ideal for use in magnetic recording media, permanent magnets and microwave devices since they possess a high degree of resistance to an external magnetic force.

PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN FLASH CARD UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS SISWA SMA PADA MATERI DIMENSI TIGA

The purpose of this research is to develop a valid, practical, and effective Flash Card learning media for use in learning mathematics, especially in Three Dimensional material. This type of research is Research and Development (RnD) with the ADDIE model. ADDIE consists of analys, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The developed media passed three tests, namely validity, practicality, and effectiveness tests. The instruments used in this study were validation questionnaires, student response questionnaires, and tests. The research was conducted at MA Al-Azhar Jombang which involved two classes with a total of 52 students. The results showed that the Flash Card learning media met the validity test with a score of 94% (very feasible) by mathematics lecturers and 87% (very feasible) by mathematics teachers. In addition, Flash Card learning media also improves student learning outcomes as evidenced by a sig. (2-tailed) value of 0.000 which indicates that there is a difference or influence in the use of media because the magnitude of the test results is < the set significance value level of 0.05. The use of Flash Card learning media also received a positive response from students as indicated by the large average number of assessments for each student response questionnaire point of 85.53%.

Improvement of antibiotic use in sore throat, tonsillitis and acute otitis media in Palestine: a prospective full cycle audit

Antibiotics are commonly prescribed for upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) which are generally caused by viral pathogens and do not require antibiotics under most circumstances. Adherence to the international guidelines regarding the necessity of prescribing antibiotics and the selection of antibiotics used for these illnesses have never been reviewed in West Bank. This study was a prospective full cycle audit and re-audit done in West Bank, Palestine. Audit and re-audit phases involved short interviews. The intervention phase included surveys, oral presentations, and development of mobile/web applications. p values of < 0.05 were considered significant. A total of 297 cases were reviewed during the audit and reaudit phases. These cases included tonsillitis (56.9%), sore throat (29.6%) and acute otitis media (13.5%). Improvements in the percentages of correct antibiotics prescriptions in the reaudit phase were noticed, including + 6.5% for correct direct antibiotics prescriptions, + 44.4% for correct backup antibiotics prescriptions, and + 63.4% for correct no antibiotics prescriptions. Improvements in the percentages of prescribing the correct choice of antibiotic (+ 41.4%) and frequency, dosage and duration (+ 13.3%) were also recorded. There was inadequate adherence to the international guidelines of antibiotic prescription for URTIs indicating a possible national problem. There is an evident trend toward using the second-line antibiotics for URTI. Improvements were observed in antibiotic prescribing patterns over a four months period. Therefore, our study's improvement strategies and approaches can be extended to other disease management systems and locations.

Patterns of Code-switching in the Amharic Media

This study examines patterns of Amharic-English code-switching in the Amharic media language use. It employed a qualitative descriptive approach, which helped break down the recordings and transcripts into intelligible units that helped explain the various language use forms created by code-switching in the Amharic media. Thus, five Amharic media outlets focusing on sport, medical science, and science and technology were purposively selected to study language use in the Amharic media. Hence, 1090 examples which have both Amharic and English elements were selected. A generic step of data analysis was made so as to classify the different types and patterns of code-switching instances. The findings indicated that the three different types of code-switching, namely tag switching, inter-sentential code-switching, and intra-sentential code-switching, are found in the Amharic media language use. Moreover, it was found that there are different patterns of code-switching from English to Amharic. Thus, it is shown that Amharic is the matrix language and is quite resistant against any change of its basic word order. It can also be seen that the mixed constituents found in the Amharic media confirm that the matrix language frame (MLF) model can satisfactorily explain the patterns of Amharic-English code-switching.

КИНЕТИКА ОКИСЛЕНИЯ АЛЮМИНИЕВОГО СПЛАВА АК7 И КОМПОЗИЦИОННОГО МАТЕРИАЛА НА ОСНОВЕ АЛЮМИНИЯ Al–Al2O3 («ОКСИДАЛЬ») В ТВЕРДОМ СОСТОЯНИИ

Corrosion and oxidation of alloys are one of the main reasons why products lose their properties and functions. The use of materials with high resistance to oxidation can be a solution to many problems in the use and operation of modern technologies and equipment in various conditions. Therefore, the study of the interaction of oxygen with metals and alloys, as well as the identification of the patterns of their interaction, has become of great importance recently, due to the need for new materials with special physical and chemical properties, and the widespread use of such materials in va­rious fields of science and technology. Composite materials based on aluminum and various additives to aluminum alloys can become the basis for obtaining special properties. The results of the study of the process of oxidation of the aluminum alloy AK7 and the composite material of the Al-Al2O3 system (Oxidalle) are presented. The need to study the oxidation process of the AK7 alloy and the composite material determines the possibility of their use in oxygen-containing or oxygen-saturated media. Studies of alloys under isothermal conditions were carried out by the thermogravimetric method in air, recording the mass of samples for an hour at a temperature of 623; 773 and 823K. In this case, the increase in the specific gravity of the samples was determined. Oxidation in time was determined depending on the size of the surface of the samples. Based on these data, kinetic oxidation curves were constructed, and the values of the specific increase in the mass of the samples, that is, the AK7 aluminum alloy and the Oxidalle composite material, were determined depending on time and temperature. Because of the research, it was found that the Oxidal composite material has a lower oxidation rate compared to the AK7 alloy, because the value of the activation energy of the oxidation process in «Oxidalle» is higher than that of the aluminum alloy AK7.

Implementasi Media Pembelajaran Berbasis Proyek pada Materi Sistem Gerak: Uji Coba Skala Kecil

The process of implementing the selection of instructional media is essentially one application of learning technology. This research is the implementation of project-based learning in which learners will create teaching aids to study the basic competencies of the motion system. This research belongs to research design with a small-scale class trial. This research involves five randomly selected learners. Questionnaire instruments were used to measure the interest and motivation of learners after the small-scale class trial. The results of the small-scale class trial show that student interest is predominantly low, with a percentage of 25% regarding teaching aids-based instructional media, while the results of the small-scale class trial indicate that learner motivation agrees, with a percentage of 47% regarding student motivation instruments in instructional media. Learner responses to teaching aids and instructional media are quite positive, with a percentage of 60%, and they provide feedback related to providing more visuals and more appealing fonts. The implementation of project-based learning with teaching aids media in the small-scale class trial shows a positive trend and serves as a basis for improving teaching aids media for use in larger-scale class trials. Keywords: teaching aid, learning media, skeletal and muscular system

PENYAJIAN KEANEKARAGAMAN MAKROZOOBENTOS DI SUNGAI BEREMBANG DALAM MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN ENSIKLOPEDIA PADA SUBMATERI INVERTEBRATA KELAS X SMA

Abstrak. The development of printed media in the form of an encyclopedia was carried out in this study to become a learning solution in schools that still have less IT facilities. Sub material of Invertebrate is one of the materials that is considered difficult because it contains a lot of material and unfamiliar terms, while the lesson hours are few. The inclusion of macro-zoo-benthos diversity in the encyclopedia media for use in schools located close to the aquatic ecosystem is believed to be able to provide more rich concepts for teachers to teach to their students. The success of developing the encyclopedia media as obtained in this study is expected to be able to answer the above problems while at the same time providing a variety of media for the school.Abstract. The development of printed media in the form of an encyclopedia was carried out in this study to become a learning solution in schools that still have less IT facilities. Sub material of Invertebrate is one of the materials that is considered difficult because it contains a lot of material and unfamiliar terms, while the lesson hours are few. The inclusion of macro-zoo-benthos diversity in the encyclopedia media for use in schools located close to the aquatic ecosystem is believed to be able to provide more rich concepts for teachers to teach to their students. The success of developing the encyclopedia media as obtained in this study is expected to be able to answer the above problems while at the same time providing a variety of media for the school.

Integrating 1G with 2G Bioethanol Production by Using Distillers’ Dried Grains with Solubles (DDGS) as the Feedstock for Lignocellulolytic Enzyme Production

First-generation (1G) bioethanol is one of the most used liquid biofuels in the transport industry. It is generated by using sugar- or starch-based feedstocks, while second-generation (2G) bioethanol is generated by using lignocellulosic feedstocks. Distillers’ dried grains with solubles (DDGS) is a byproduct of first-generation bioethanol production with a current annual production of 22.6 million tons in the USA. DDGS is rich in fiber and valuable nutrients contents, which can be used to produce lignocellulolytic enzymes such as cellulases and hemicellulases for 2G bioethanol production. However, DDGS needs a pretreatment method such as dilute acid, ammonia soaking, or steam hydrolysis to release monosaccharides and short-length oligosaccharides as fermentable sugars for use in microbial media. These fermentable sugars can then induce microbial growth and enzyme production compared to only glucose or xylose in the media. In addition, selection of one or more suitable microbial strains, which work best with the DDGS for enzyme production, is also needed. Media optimization and fermentation process optimization strategies can then be applied to find the optimum conditions for the production of cellulases and hemicellulases needed for 2G bioethanol production. Therefore, in this review, a summary of all such techniques is compiled with a special focus on recent findings obtained in previous pieces of research conducted by the authors and by others in the literature. Furthermore, a comparison of such techniques applied to other feedstocks and process improvement strategies is also provided. Overall, dilute acid pretreatment is proven to be better than other pretreatment methods, and fermentation optimization strategies can enhance enzyme production by considerable folds with a suitable feedstock such as DDGS. Future studies can be further enhanced by the technoeconomic viability of DDGS as the on-site enzyme feedstock for the manufacture of second-generation bioethanol (2G) in first-generation (1G) ethanol plants, thus bridging the two processes for the efficient production of bioethanol using corn or other starch-based lignocellulosic plants.