Reading Media Research Articles

Optical design optimization of high contrast light guide plate for front light unit

This study addresses the optical design of LED edge-lit light guide plate (LGP) for front light unit panel of high illuminating contrast. Front light displays have excellent readability in outdoor environment with bright ambient light. A LED light guide is still required as an auxiliary lighting, referred to as a front light unit (FLU), in a dim environment. The ray tracing of the FLU light guide plate can be roughly classified into the noise rays refracted out of LGP directly and the image rays refracted downward to illuminate the reading media. Only the image rays is effective for FLU, and the noise ray will result in glare problems. This study defines the Effective Contrast Ratio (ECR) as the percentage of the image rays over the total rays within the ± 30° viewing angle. The layout of cylindrical microstructures are analyzed to determine a preferred configuration design from either concave or convex features deployed on the emitting surface or the bottom surface of LGP. Thought the ray tracing simulations of both the convex bottom and the concave bottom feature designs show excellent ECR over 90%, the concave design is preferred for better durability and assembly concerns at a cost of lower illuminating efficiency. The optimum parameters of the truncated cone microfeature with maximum ECR are identified as the base diameter of 70 (μm), the aspect ratio of 0.46, and the feature sidewall angle of 78° using a sequential optimization of Kriging Surrogate. A preliminary prototype of the LGP has been fabricated using Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) molding process from a SU8 master. A qualitative comparison of the photographic pictures of a sample text demonstrates the excellent transparency and uniform illumination of the LGP with the proposed feature design.

Reading Ability: From Individual Development to Important Demand

Reading is essential to individual development and national development strategy. With the improvement of technologies and the advent of emerging reading media, reading ability has gradually become indispensable for teenagers to develop their personalities, obtain knowledge and promote their social development. Meanwhile, it also concerns the cultural inheritance, technological innovation and future development of a nation, receiving more and more attention from the countries all over the world. Reading ability enhancement has become a development strategy and important demand in many countries.

Reading comprehension in digital and printed texts

Recent studies have yielded contradictory results regarding how reading from print or from the screen influences reading comprehension. This study examined 12-year-old students' (N = 142) reading comprehension using printed text and digital text. The results indicated that performance was similar for printed text and digital text, even when gender, decoding skills, preference for school tasks on paper, screen, or both, and self-concept as a reader and computer user were controlled for. Regardless of the reading medium, students with better decoding skills and a higher self-concept as a reader performed better, boys outperformed girls, and students equally willing to study with books and computers outperformed students who preferred computers. The results of this study highlight the benefits of flexible use of both printed texts and digital texts for reading comprehension. As students are getting as used to studying via computers as they are to studying from books, the emphasis on the medium of studying seems to become less important. The topic of this study is of great relevance in a modern school context where ICT use has become a part of daily schoolwork worldwide.

In vitro shoot culture of Rhododendron fortunei: An important plant for bioactive phytochemicals

Plants in the genus Rhododendron L. produce more than 200 compounds and have been considered an important source for bioactive phytochemicals. Production of these plants, however, requires healthy and genetically uniform propagules. This study evaluated effects of culture media and growth regulators on axillary shoot induction of R. fortunei Lindl. as well as auxin for in vitro and ex vitro rooting of microcuttings. Protocols for in vitro shoot culture of this species were developed. Two-node explants were cultured on either Economou and Read (ER) medium or woody plant medium (WPM) supplemented with 4.0 mg L−1 6-(4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enylamino) purine or zeatin (ZT) and 1.0 mg L−1 naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). More than 10 axillary shoots were produced per explant regardless of medium. The axillary shoots were used to produce additional two-node explants or as microcuttings for rooting. Two-node explants derived from the axillary shoots cultured on the same media produced even higher numbers of shoots, ranging from 17 to 20 on both ER medium and WPM from the second to the third or fourth cycle of culture, shoot numbers started decreasing in the fourth or fifth cycle. Microcuttings were easily rooted in vitro with rooting percentages of 100% on ER and 84.0% on WPM supplemented with 1.0 mg L−1 indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). The rooting percentages were almost 100% in a peat-based substrate irrespective IBA treatment. Micropropagated plants were morphologically stable and grew vigorously with a 95% survival rate in a greenhouse. The established methods could be used for rapid propagation of disease-free and genetically uniform liners which can be used to produce feedstocks for extracting bioactive phytochemicals.

Childhood, the child and childness: A frame for reading and understanding media texts

Childhood, the child and childness: A frame for reading and understanding media texts

ELDERLY VISUAL TASK PERFORMANCE BY DIFFERENCES ON READING MEDIA AND LAMP POSITION IN A ROOM

This research aimed to find out how lighting influence visual task performance of the elderly.The experiment was done on the table with different lamp position and by giving mark on the landolt ring chart printed on different reading media. Three position, the front, the middle and the back were the variables for lamp position, whilst different reading medias were the brown paper usually used for newspaper, the white silk uncoated paper or ‘HVS’ paper and the white gloss paper. The lamp were TL5 LED with 4000 °K and 6500 °K color temperature. The illumination level maintained specificly at 250-325 lux range. The respondents were 12 elderly with 58 years as the mean age. The result findings, for newspaper, the best position for speed was the front with 1.15 second per stroke; followed by the back with 1.18 second per stroke; and the middle got the lowest result with 1.4 second per stroke. For the HVS and glossy paper with higher luminance, the best for speed was the middle position that was the darkest in illumination, with 1.25 second per stroke for HVS and 1.3 second per stroke for glossy. The worst result was the back with 1.4 second per stroke for HVS and 1.36 second per stroke for glossy paper. For accuracy, the best for newspaper was the front, 96.02%. For the HVS paper, the middle and the back position has got the same highest accuracy, 90.45%. For the glossy paper, the middle position has got the highest accuracy, 91.62%. The visual task performance result, for the newspaper, the front position has got the highest score, followed by the back position that have brighter in illumination, but the score was lowest for the middle position. Contrary, for white HVS and white gloss paper, which get almost identic result, the middle position which was rather dark in illumination was the best, while the front and the back position were worse in visual task performance score. So that can be concluded that the higher illumination level was not always give the best to visual task performance; but depending to the user and the kind of paper or reading media as well.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF USING KAHOOT AS A MEDIA IN TEACHING READING

This research focuses on the use of Kahoot as a media in teching reading for the English Departement students of STKIP PGRI Jombang in academic year 2017/2018. The method used is experimental research with quasi experimental design. There are two classes, they are 2016 B as the experimental class and 2016 A as the control class. The teaching process done in experimental class was using Kahoot as a media, while in 2016 A was using textbook as a media. The instrument used was a test. Before giving the test, the researchers did the content validity and construct validity by conducting the tryout to know the validity and reliability criteria of the test. After knowing all of them are valid and reliable, giving pre test, treatment, and post test was done to get the data of the research. After that, the researchers analyzed the data by using ANCOVA. The result shows that the significant value is 0.02, it is lower than the significant level 0.05. It means that the use of Kahoot as a media for the English Department students of STKIP PGRI Jombang influences their reading skill.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF USING KAHOOT AS A MEDIA IN TEACHING READING

This research focuses on the use of Kahoot as a media in teching reading for the English Departement students of STKIP PGRI Jombang in academic year 2017/2018. The method used is experimental research with quasi experimental design. There are two classes, they are 2016 B as the experimental class and 2016 A as the control class. The teaching process done in experimental class was using Kahoot as a media, while in 2016 A was using textbook as a media. The instrument used was a test. Before giving the test, the researchers did the content validity and construct validity by conducting the tryout to know the validity and reliability criteria of the test. After knowing all of them are valid and reliable, giving pre test, treatment, and post test was done to get the data of the research. After that, the researchers analyzed the data by using ANCOVA. The result shows that the significant value is 0.02, it is lower than the significant level 0.05. It means that the use of Kahoot as a media for the English Department students of STKIP PGRI Jombang influences their reading skill.

Paper or Digital Text: Which Reading Medium is Best for Students with Visual Impairments?

Introduction The purpose of this study was to evaluate the differences in silent and oral reading speed, reading comprehension, and reading errors in two formats, large print paper and the iPad2, for students with visual impairments (that is, those who are blind or have low vision). Methods A single-subject alternating randomized treatment design was used with three participants. The intervention consisted of instruction on the use of an iPad. Data regarding reading speed, reading miscues, and comprehension were collected. Data were analyzed visually and descriptively. Results All participants demonstrated a slightly higher reading speed, equal comprehension rates, and decreased error rates using the iPad2 compared to paper. Discussion Results indicated that using an iPad for reading may have an effect on reading fluency and comprehension for students with low vision. Implications for practitioners Students with low vision, particularly those with more severe vision loss, may benefit from the use of electronic tablets that allow one to adjust font size, style, color, and contrast. Users should be taught how to manipulate the visual display of text and be allowed time to adjust to an electronic medium.

UPAYA PENINGKATAN MUTU PRODUK RUJAK BUAH (LOTIS) PEDAGANG KAKI LIMA DI PABELAN KARTASURA

This dedication program is an effort to solve partner problems. Partners coupled in this devotion program is a fruit salad or lotis merchant. The problems faced by partners are lack of knowledge about hygiene and sanitation in food processing (fruit salad/lotis). This condition is seen among others from carts used every day to sell salad/lotis salad. Wooden wagon material with coated paint is a hazardous material for use in food processing. Coat that is used to coat wood is a non-food grade material that can be included in the food sold. The purpose of this IbM program is to help partners improve wagon conditions by designing carts with safer materials by the principle of sanitation and food safety in food processing. Also, the purpose of this program is to increase knowledge about hygiene and sanitation for partners; this is done by providing reading media in the form of booklets that contain guidelines on the application of the principles of hygiene, sanitation and good food security in food processing. The next goal is to raise awareness of the partners always to maintain personal hygiene so that the opportunities of contamination from humans to food can be reduced or eliminated.

Reading on Paper and on Screen of Teenagers: A Pilot Study of Two Schools in Colombo District, Sri Lanka

With the development of computers, mobile phones and other digital devices with the internet, reading on screen has become an everyday activity as well as reading on paper. It is understandable that the task of reading has become more complicated with reading on screen. Therefore, the society is concerned about Reading on Paper and on Screen, especially of children and teenagers. The aim of the study is to gain an understanding of the nature of reading habits of teenagers in Colombo District, Sri Lanka. Main objectives of the study are to investigate the nature and extent of reading habits of teenagers, to find out the medium that the teenagers prefer when reading and to find out the attitudes of teenagers towards reading paper and screen. Both groups use e-media as well as read books. Though the majority prefer Paper as the medium of reading, they use the Screen medium too. Since the teenagers are much used to screen, we can use it to improve reading.

Developmental dynamics of early reading skill, literacy interest and readers\u2019 self-concept within the first year of formal schooling

Previous studies have documented robust relationships between emergent literacy and later reading performance. A growing body of research has also reported associations between motivational factors and reading in early phases of reading development. However, there is less research about cross-lagged relationships between motivational factors and reading skills in beginning readers. To examine relationships between early reading skills, literacy interest and reader self-concept, we tested 1141 children twice during their first year of formal reading instruction in school. Cross-lagged analysis showed strong stability in reading skills and medium stability in literacy interest and reader self-concept over the first school year. We also found bidirectional relationships between reading skills and self-concept and between the motivational components of literacy interest and reader self-concept. In the final part of the article, we address the potential theoretical progress attainable through the use of cross-lagged designs in this field.

‘That proves my point’: How mediums reconstrue disconfirmation in medium–sitter interactions

Previous research has examined how the talk of mediums attends to the epistemological status of their readings. Such work has identified that mediums frequently use question-framed propositions that are typically confirmed by the sitter, thereby conferring epistemological status on the medium. This study seeks to investigate what happens when the sitter disconfirms the propositions of the medium. The study focuses on the ways in which such disconfirmation can be responded to such that it is reconstrued as evidence of the psychic nature of the medium's reading. Televised demonstrations of psychic readings involving British and US mediums and their sitters are analysed. The results suggest that mediums rework disconfirmation as proof in several ways: first, by emphasizing the different access that sitter and medium have to knowledge (e.g., about the future); second, as evidence that the medium has access to the actual voice of the deceased (and may therefore mishear what the deceased has said to them); and third, as revealing an important truth that has hitherto been concealed from the sitter. The implications of these findings are considered for cases where speakers bring different and potentially competing, epistemological resources to an interaction.

A study on the reading behavior of college students in Chongqing under the new media

Objective The objective was to investigate new media influence on college student's reading behaviors. Methods A cross-sectional survey on internet use, reading behavior and influence on sleep and life of college students was conducted. The sample was selected using a multi-stage sampling among college students in Chongqing. Results 92.5% students used smart phone to access information through Internet. Entertainment is the main motivation of digital reading. 58.39% students preferred tradi-tional paper reading for academic study. 97.6% students used smart phone for reading before sleep and 27.4% used smart phone before sleep caused sleep problem. 53.6% students believed that in terms of life and study, the new media reading is more helpful than harmful. Conclusion College students are heavy users of new media, and that some forms of media use may adversely impact sleep and academic perfor-mance. Key words: New media; Reading behavior; Digital reading; Traditional paper reading

PENGGUNAAN MEDIA KALENDER KATA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN MEMBACA PERMULAAN PADA SISWA DOWN SYNDROME KELAS IV SKH DIAN BAHAGIA KABUPATEN TANGERANG BANTEN

Abstract This study aims to find out and describe the implementation of early learning reading media by using word calendar media in class IV SKh Dian Bahagia Tigaraksa Tangerang Regency. This research is a quantitative study using the Single Subject Research (SSR) approach. The research subjects were one class IV down syndrome student at Dian Bahagia Tigaraksa District, Tangerang Regency. This research was conducted using the A-B-A design. Data retrieval is carried out using the initial reading ability test. Data analysis used is descriptive statistical analysis. The analysis phase includes analysis in conditions and analysis between conditions. The results showed that word calendar media showed an increase in the ability to read the beginning. This is indicated by overlapping data (Overlap) in the analysis between A1 / B and B / A2 conditions of 0%, which means that the small percentage overlap shows the greater influence on the target behavior. This is also supported by the increase in the score of the initial word reading ability obtained by the subjects during the baseline phase 1 (A1), intervention phase (B) and baseline phase 2 (A2). In the baseline phase 1 (A1) the average score of the subjects was 66.67%. In the intervention phase the average score was 93.33%. At baseline phase 2 (A2) the average subject scores 83.33%.

Barrier-free of the Printing Type Publication: Advancement of Information Technology and New Reading Media

Barrier-free of the Printing Type Publication: Advancement of Information Technology and New Reading Media

Reading on Paper and Screen among Senior Adults: Cognitive Map and Technophobia.

While the senior population has been increasingly engaged with reading on mobile technologies, research that specifically documents the impact of technologies on reading for this age group has still been lacking. The present study investigated how different reading media (screen versus paper) might result in different reading outcomes among older adults due to both cognitive and psychological factors. Using a laboratory experiment with 81participants aged 57 to 85, our results supported past research and showed the influence of cognitive map formation on readers’ feelings of fatigue. We contributed empirical evidence to the contention that reading on a screen could match that of reading from paper if the presentation of the text on screen resemble that of the print. Our findings also suggested that individual levels of technophobia was an important barrier to older adults’ effective use of mobile technologies for reading. In the post hoc analyses, we further showed that technophobia was correlated with technology experience, certain personality traits, and age. The present study highlights the importance of providing tailored support that helps older adults overcome psychological obstacles in using technologies.

Direction of audio-book text acceptance through analysis of related aspects of audio-book and novels

The purpose of this study is to propose the direction of accepting audio-book texts as a new medium of reading in the digital age. In this study, an audio-book converts a copyrighted work(primary text) or a work produced on the premise of auditory distribution into a digital file through conversion ...

Karakteristik dan Fragmen Sejarah Manuskrip Mushaf Alquran Dolah Bakri Bantul

This research aims to elaborate the characteristics of the Qur’anic manuscript of Dolah Bakri (MADB) by using philology and historical analysis. In its chronicle history, it shows that MADB appeared in Wonolelo in the 19th century. The use of paper, the technique of writing, the layout and illumination show its character as a mushaf born with the nuances of Javanese locality. In addition, when his contemporaries used mixed rasm, ‘Uthma}ni} and imla}’i}, MADB consistently used the rasm ‘uthma}ni}. From the social context, in Wonolelo, MADB was not merely as a Qur’anic mushaf which is used as a medium of reading for local Muslim community, but it had social and economic function as well. MADB could be a symbol of an economic power of its owner. MADB could also be a symbol of the integration of Islamic movement and social class identity of economic society.

Reading habit and use of electronic media by junior secondary school students in Nsukka Local Government of Nigeria

The study investigated reading habit and the use of electronic media by 3-6-6 JSS students in Nsukka Local Government in Nigeria. Using questionnaire and focus-group discussion as instrument of data collection, the study showed that students have positive attitudes to both reading and electronic media but spend more time engaged with use of electronic media especially television. Their purposes of reading were primarily academic and informational, while electronic media were used for entertainment and information seeking. The study provided evidences that the use of electronic media for entertainment has reduced the time available for voluntary reading while factors such as inadequate access to pleasurable reading materials and lack of parental support also hinder reading for pleasure. The study, however, recommended that interesting books be provided and made accessible to the students. Besides, students should find ways to utilise electronic media for reading.