Medium Caliber Research Articles

FREQUÊNCIA DA HOSPITALIZAÇÃO DOS CASOS DE EMBOLIA E TROMBOSE ARTERIAL EM MONTES CLAROS

Arterial thrombosis occurs when the formation of a blood clot completely blocks or impairs the flow of blood from an artery, which are the medium and large caliber vessels in our body responsible for transporting oxygen- and nutrient-rich blood to the tissues. This is a quantitative descriptive study whose data were collected in the Ministry of Health's online program TABNET-DATASUS, related to the municipality of Montes Claros, Minas Gerais. The selected variables were hospitalization by year of processing, age group, sex, color/race, and deaths during the period from 2017 to 2021. It is noted that with the analysis of the results obtained and the literature, that with advancing age, changes occur in normal aging, making individuals more prone to develop diseases, added to unhealthy habits and/or decompensated chronic diseases throughout life becomes even more predisposed.

LC-MS/MS of Dexamethasone in Rabbit Vitreous Liquid Delivered through Novel Self-nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery Systems

Background: Dexamethasone (DEX), delivered through newly developed selfnanoemulsifying drug delivery systems, which is administered to rabbit eyes, has been presented. The instrumental parameters of the multiple LC-MS/MS methods in the literature are modified according to rabbit vitreous liquid and current laboratory conditions. Methods: Quick optimization of the chromatographic and mass spectrometric parameters was done by inspecting the available literature for the analysis of DEX by LC-MS/MS from biological matrices. Chromatographic separation was achieved in the reverse mode using C18 (50x2.1mm, 5μm) as a stationary phase and acetonitrile and water with ammonium acetate as a mobile phase in gradient elution. Quantitation was done in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode by following the transition of m/z 393 > m/z 373 in positive ion mode. The method was also validated in terms of selectivity, within-day accuracy and precision, linearity, and limit of detection (LOD). The extraction of DEX from rabbit vitreous liquid samples was carried out by protein precipitation using acetonitrile: water (70:30, v/v). Results: DEX and beclomethasone (IS) were successfully separated and detected under optimized experimental settings. The method was selective for DEX and linear in the range of 0.5 and 250 ng/ml. The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) was determined to be 0.238 ng/ml. The percent relative standard deviation (RSD) and recovery (%) of the low, medium, and high calibration levels were below 10% and within the range of 111%-114%, respectively. RSD (%) and recovery (%) of the LLOQ were below 17% and 82%, respectively. The validated method was successfully applied for the determination of pharmacokinetic properties of newly formulated dexamethasone selfnanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (DEXSNEDDS) used to administer DEX intravitreally to the rabbit. Conclusion: LC-MS/MS conditions for the analysis of LC-MS/MS were determined by examining relevant literature for accomplishing simple and practical optimization of the experimental parameters, followed by method validation and analysis of rabbit vitreous liqiud. As conclusion, pharmacokinetic data of DEXSNEDDS has been obtained in the most accurate, sensitive, economical and rational way possible.

A MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF LUNG COMPONENTS IN WHITE RATS WITH HYPOXIA COMBINED WITH THE NATURAL GAS IMPACT

The human respiratory system is daily exposed to various biotic and abiotic factors, and, first of all, there is damage to the cellular elements of the mucous membrane. Prolonged irritating effects are accompanied by inhibition of regenerative processes and subsequent morphofunctional restructuring of the structural components of the lungs. The aim of the study was to research the morphometric parameters of the structural components of the lungs of white laboratory rats at different periods of chronic simulated hypoxia combined with inhalation of natural gas from the Astrakhan field, at a concentration of 3 mg/m3. The study covered 94 white mongrel sexually mature male rats who were in conditions of chronic hypoxia combined with natural gas inhalation for 120 days. The animals were placed in a special seed chamber produced by the Erisman Institute with a volume of 200 liters with a variable composition of the air-gas mixture, and with a decrease in the oxygen concentration in the inhaled air to 17.5 %, natural gas from the Astrakhan field was supplied through a special nozzle. The animals were kept in experimental conditions lasting four hours a day for five days a week. For the manufacture of histological preparations, animals were anesthetized with sodium ethaminal (40 mg/kg weight). Lung tissue samples were fixed in a 10 % solution of buffered formalin. The preparations were stained with hematoxylineosin and Van Gison. The analysis and visualization of the obtained glass preparations was carried out using a ZeissAxioScopeA1 light microscope (Germany) and a LeicaAperioCS2 digital scanner of micropreparations with specialized software. It was determined that the initial significant changes were already formed by 60 days of experimental exposure. In one group of drugs, thickening of the interalveolar septa associated with the processes of edema formation and infiltration by cellular elements were noted, another group of drugs showed emphysemalike changes with stretched and partially torn alveoli. By day 90 of the experiment, a decrease in the airiness of the lung tissue was determined on all preparations, manifested by thickening of the interalveolar septa and a decrease in the diameter of the alveoli. By day 120, the changes identified in the early stages were progressively increasing: there were areas completely devoid of alveoli, other fields of vision showed alveoli with torn walls. On the part of the bronchi, the following pattern was determined: an increased thickness of the walls of the bronchi, mainly due to the mucous and adventitial membranes, followed by deformation of the bronchi of medium and small caliber and the formation of peribronchial infiltrates. The morphometric analysis confirmed that chronic hypoxia combined with natural gas inhalation causes significant changes in the structural components of the lungs.

Evaluating Different Power Solutions for Medium Caliber, Counter-Drone Rounds

Drones are a growing part of the battlefield; they are becoming easier to produce and have growing capabilities that make them dangerous. There are many different ways to counter drones and a new medium caliber round may prove to be the best solution. The biggest issue in building this round is finding a power source that is cost-effective while also meeting stakeholder requirements. This study seeks to solve this issue by using a value modeling approach that scores each power source alternative based on metrics that are key to the stakeholder. The first step was to research power source alternatives that met stakeholder requirements. Each alternative was then given a value score based on their respective characteristics. The next step was to create a value versus cost trade space analysis, which provides insight into the tradeoff between value and cost. The analysis shows four feasible alternatives with low costs, and one alternative with a significantly higher cost and value.

Modal Research on Photoelectric Turntable of a Medium Caliber Tracked Anti-aircraft Gun

Aiming at the problem of violent vibration of the photoelectric turntable caused by the high frequency firing work load during the firing of a medium caliber tracked anti-aircraft gun, the tracking accuracy of the photoelectric tracker is unstable, and the law of the vibration of the gun on the platform is obtained by combining mechanical simulating and experiment. According to the finite element theory, a model of certain type of the gun is built, modal analysis is carried out through the ANSYS Workbench, the natural frequency and mode shape of the turntable are gained, and the hammering method modal test is carried out to verify the simulation outcomes. Through the strength check of the gun mount assembly under three typical working conditions, the weak link in the structural design is found. The results show that the research results can provide a reference for the structural design optimization of the photoelectric turntable on a vehicle-mounted antiaircraft gun.

C1 COMPLETE HEART BLOCK AS A RARE MANIFESTATION OF GRANULOMATOSIS WITH POLYANGITIS: A CASE REPORT

Abstract A 42–year–old male with prior smoking habit presented at our emergency department after atraumatic syncope preceded by severe pain in the left lower limb. One month prior to presentation, due to persistence of nonproductive cough he underwent a chest computed tomography (CT), which showed 2 pulmonary nodules with hypercaptation at PET performed later (figure 1). The 12–lead electrocardiogram showed sinus rhythm with complete atrioventricular block and ventricular escape rhythm at 40 bpm (figura 1). Ecofast revealed a mildly impaired left ventricular systolic function (left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF] 45%) with basal septal hypokinesis. Laboratory assessment showed leukocytosis (marked neutrophilia and eosinophilia), thrombocytosis anemia, elevated C–reactive protein (193 mg/dl), troponin I (18483 ng/L), NTproBNP (14627 ng/l) and creatinine (2.27 mg/dL) levels. The patient was transported to the catheterization laboratory for temporary pacemaker insertion and coronary angiography, which depicted distal occlusion of the first septal branch (Figure 2A), the first diagonal branch (Figure 2B) and the obtuse marginal branch (Figure 2C). After the procedure due to persistent ischemia of the left lower limb, several unsuccessful procedures to restore limb vascularization by means of locoregional thrombolysis and percutaneous angioplasty were attempted, but a leg amputation above the knee was eventually performed after few days. Neoplastic markers, blood cultures and urine cultures resulted negative, urine sediment examination showed cylinders, leucocytes and microhematuria. A brain/facial bones CT scan was performed, showing left maxillary sinusitis (figure 1). A rheumatologic screening was also performed, showing high titer of cANCA(125 UI/ml) hinting at a systemic vasculitis. The histopathological results of the amputated limb depicted marked necrotizing vasculitis with extensive involvement of small–medium caliber and larger caliber arterial vessels (figure 2). Based on these clinical and laboratory findings, a diagnosis of granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) was made. The patients was treated with ev methylprednisolone and rituximab. After the induction therapy, chest CT scan showed a marked reduction of the size of the pulmonary nodule (Figure 3); renal function progressively improved and physiological atrioventricular conduction being restored

Interior ballistic two-phase flow model and its calculation for a mixed charge structure

The mixed charge for guns generally consists of two or more kinds of propellants. Medium and large caliber guns usually adopt the typical combination of tubular and granular propellants, not only meeting interior ballistic indexes but also improving launch safety. However, numerical investigations, charge design, and optimizations of such charge structures rely heavily on classical interior ballistic theory. To gain insight into some crucial phenomena in this complex interior ballistic process, a two-phase flow dynamic model of a 125 mm smoothbore gun with mixed charge (granular propellants, tubular propellants, and a combustible cartridge case) is developed. Unlike the previous form of solid governing equations, the conservation equations, surface temperature and combustion law functions are simultaneously established. The space-time conservation element and solution element (CE/SE) method is used to solve the mathematical model, simplifying the calculations of partial derivatives in source terms. Results show that the model can describe the combustion and flow, and the predicted projectile velocity agrees well with the measured one. In addition, the effects of the mass ratio of mixed propellants on interior ballistic performance are discussed in detail. As the tubular propellant mass decreases, ignition consistency deteriorates, particle accumulation intensifies, and the maximum pressure exceeds the permitted one, all of which may affect launch safety. The work in this paper provides a powerful tool for observing and predicting the interior ballistic process of the mixed charge.

Design and fabrication of gradiently‐denitrated layer structure of seven‐hole gun propellant and its burning performance

AbstractImproving the progressive burning performance of gun propellant is an effective approach to increase the muzzle velocity of bullet. The seven‐hole gun propellant characterized by a perforated structure with progressive burning performance has a broad application in the field of medium and small caliber weapons. Therefore, researches aiming to improve its burning performance are indispensable. In this paper, a seven‐hole gun propellant with the gradiently‐denitrated layer structure (GDLS) that the energetic functional groups increased gradually from the surface to the inside was designed and fabricated. Theoretical calculation indicated that the nitrogen content of nitrocellulose in seven‐hole gun propellant has a positive relationship with the burning rate coefficient and impetus. The results of burning calculation showed that the progressive burning performance of seven‐hole gun propellant were improved with the thickness of GDLS increases or the burning rate coefficient of the surface decreases. Moreover, the seven‐hole gun propellant with GDLS was successfully prepared, named gradiently denitrated seven‐hole gun propellant (GDSGP), which was proved by the results of FT‐IR, Raman and SEM. The different denitration conditions enabled the GDSGP with a good progressive burning performance, as confirmed by closed bomb test. Furthermore, the progressive burning performance of GDSGP increased first and then decreased with extending the denitration time. On the basis of design and study of GDSGP, the control and optimization of the burning performance of GDSGP will be more accurate in practical applications.

Assessing the Impact of Different Technological Strategies on the Fate of Salmonella in Chicken Dry-Fermented Sausages by Means of Challenge Testing and Predictive Models.

Salmonella is the main relevant pathogen in chicken dry-fermented sausages (DFS). The safety of shelf-stable DFS must rely on the production process, which should not only prevent growth but promote inactivation of Salmonella. The aim of the study was to assess the behaviour of Salmonella during the production process of two types of low-acid chicken DFS. The impact of the use of starter culture, corrective storage and high-pressure processing (HPP) at different processing times was assessed through challenge testing, i.e., inoculating a cocktail of Salmonella into the meat batter (at 6 Log10 cfu/g) used for sausage manufacture. Sausages of medium (fuet-type, FT) and small (snack-type, ST) calibre were elaborated through ripening (10-15 °C/16 d) and fermentation plus ripening (22 °C/3 d + 14 °C/7 d). Physico-chemical parameters were analysed and Salmonella was enumerated throughout the study. The observed results were compared with the simulations provided by predictive models available in the literature. In FT, a slight decrease in Salmonella was observed during the production process while in ST, a 0.9-1.4 Log10 increase occurred during the fermentation at 22 °C. Accordingly, DFS safety has to be based on the process temperature and water activity decrease, these factors can be used as inputs of predictive models based on the gamma-concept, as useful decision support tool for producers. Salmonella lethality was enhanced by combining HPP and corrective storage strategies, achieving >1 and 4 Log10 reductions for FT and ST, respectively.

Glomus Venous malformation of the skin of the left ankle-foot joint: a clinical case and review of the literature

Annotation. The work presents a clinical and histological description of a case of glomuvenous malformation and a review of modern data on the diagnosis and treatment of this disease. A case of diagnosis of glomuvenous malformation on the foot of the right lower limb in a 46-year-old man was analysed. The case was characterized by an uncertain dermatological status with the need to exclude malignant neoplasia of the skin. Considering doubts about the benign nature of the skin lesion, the patient was recommended to undergo a therapeutic and diagnostic biopsy. After a medical-diagnostic biopsy, histological sections showed skin with moderate hyperparakeratosis of the epidermis and a clearly delineated, non-encapsulated formation in the dermis. The tumour is represented by numerous vascular channels of the venous type of small and medium caliber, some of which have an enlarged lumen and a thickened wall, filled with erythrocytes. Clusters, chains, and fields of monomorphic glomus cells with weakly expressed eosinophilic cytoplasm and rounded nuclei with finely dispersed chromatin are located perivascularly, without atypia. Mitotic figures are absent. The intercellular stroma is sclerosed with focal oedema. Considering the results obtained by us and the data of modern studies, we can state the ambiguity of views on the diagnosis of glomuvenous malformation with the need for more aggressive diagnostic and therapeutic tactics in adults. The development of an algorithm for the management of adult patients with glomuvenous malformation of the skin is a prospect for further research.

Plant Poisons in the Garden: A Human Risk Assessment

A study of the plants, and their associated poisons, in the Poison Garden at The Alnwick Garden was undertaken across a calendar year. By selecting 25 plants in the Poison Garden, we have been able to develop a single chromatographic method for the determination and quantification of 15 plant toxins by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Chromatographic separation was achieved on a C18 column (3.5 µm, 100 × 4.6 mm) with a gradient method using water +0.1% formic acid and methanol +0.1% formic acid. The developed method was validated for precision, linearity, limits of detection and quantification and extraction recoveries. The method showed good linearity with a R2 value of >0.995 for all 15 compounds with good precision of 10.7%, 6.7% and 0.3% for the low, medium and high calibration points, respectively. The LC-MS method was used to analyse 25 plant species, as well as their respective parts (i.e., bulb, flower, fruit, leaf, pollen, seed, stem and root), to assess the human risk assessment to children (aged 1 to <2 years) in relation to the plant toxin and its respective LD50. The analysis found that the greatest potential health risks were due to the ingestion of Colchicum autumnale and Atropa belladonna. As a caution, all identified plants should be handled with care with additional precautionary steps to ensure nil contact by children because of the potential likelihood of hand-to-mouth ingestion.

Commissioning Experiments at the Naval Postgraduate School Pulsed Power and EM Launch Laboratory

A new laboratory for pulsed power and electromagnetic (EM) launch research has been built and commissioned at the Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, USA. This facility is comprised of new, compact pulsed power modules that are 18 kJ each, as well as 1.1-MJ modules from the previous Electric Launch Facility at Kirkcudbright, Scotland. A total of 20 MJ of capacitive energy is stored to deliver pulsed, mega-ampere currents to loads, such as medium- and minor-caliber EM launchers, high-current test fixtures, and magnetic pulse generators. This equipment was recently commissioned with new instrumentation and data acquisition systems. A 5-m-long, medium caliber launcher was fired to commission the new facility, pulsed power, controls, and instrumentation. Circuit simulations compare favorably with experiments, exhibiting error on the order of 1%.

Change of angiogenesis in the nodular form of benign mammary dysplasia during treatment with alkaloids, flavonoids and glycosides

Introduction. The formation of new blood vessels is called angiogenesis. As the tumor grows, the oxygen and nutrient requirements of the abnormal cells continuously increase, and new blood vessels are formed. These processes are disrupted by angiogenesis inhibitors. Therefore, it is warranted to investigate ways to enhance the capabilities of angiogenesis inhibitors alkaloids, flavonoids, and glycosides.
 Aim. To justify the extension of clinical use of alkaloids, flavonoids and glycosides (Conium maculatum and Hydrastis canadensis, Thuja occidentalis), being a part of the complex medical product Mastopol, taking into account the obtained data on the angiogenic balance in the nodular form of benign mammary dysplasia (BMD).
 Materials and methods. The study included 69 volunteers divided into two groups: Group 1 included 27 patients with medical history of surgery for nodular BMD who received antiproliferative preoperative therapy with Mastopol for 12 weeks. Group 2 (comparison group), n=42, also included patients with medical history of surgery for nodular BMD but without preoperative therapy with the herbal medicine Mastopol. We studied angiogenesis markers (VEGF-A [vascular endothelial growth factor] and pVEGF-1) and immunohistochemical marker CD34 (cluster of differentiation CD).
 Results. We found a significantly higher (p0.001) rate of CD34 detection on medium and small caliber vessels in the comparison group, i.e., in the patients who were not treated preoperatively with alkaloids, flavonoids, and glycosides (Mastopol), while blood supply to the nodules by the medium and small vessels was 1.4 and 1.8 times lower in the Group 1, respectively. Analysis of VEGF expression shows an increase of angiogenic promoters VEGF-A and pVEGF-1 in serum before treatment with biologically active herbal components of Mastopol in both groups. There were no statistically significant differences in vascular markers. However, a statistically significant decrease in VEGF-A and pVEGF-1 (p0.001) was noted in Group 1 after Mastopol therapy. Note the presence of a moderate direct correlation (rs=0.49) of CD34 expression with VEGF-A expression in Group 1 and rs=0.41 in Group 2, which indicated a direct relationship between angiogenesis and proangiogenic factors.
 Conclusion. In addition to the proven antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory, cytokine stabilizing, analgesic, and anti-edema properties of Mastopol, the study also showed the antiangiogenic effect of the herbal drug components. Considering the decreased vascular growth in fibroadenomas during Mastopol treatment, the indications for its use in patients with fibroadenomas before the surgery can be extended. Specific immunological test to measure VEGF can be proposed as a noninvasive screening method to evaluate the effectiveness of conservative treatment in general clinical practice.

Numerical research on ablation and wear of the artillery barrel based on UMESHMOTION user‐defined subroutine

AbstractDuring the firing process, the gun barrel bears the thermal and chemical erosion of high‐temperature gunpowder gas and the wear of the rotation band. The forced cone tended to the most severely worn part of the barrel, which directly affects the life of the barrel. Combined with the erosion test and wear test of gun steel materials, this research studied the forcing cone of a medium caliber naval gun barrel. With the commercial finite element software ABAQUS as the platform, we took advanced adaptive mesh method combined with secondary development technology. This method used in our study in order to better realize the numerical simulation of the radial erosion wear of the forced projectile cone in the continuous firing environment. At the same time, we compared the numerical simulation with the actual firing test data, and proposed a new calculation method of barrel life. In conclusion, the results of this study showed that this method can better calculate the radial erosion wear of the forced cone, and provide guidance for improving the life of the gun barrel in the future.

STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION OF RAT TISSUES IN EXPERIMENTAL COMBINED TRAUMA OF THE CHEST AND BOTH THIGHS

Background. In cases of severe trauma, fractures of long bones are the most often combined with trauma of the chest, head, and abdomen, as well as development of hemorrhagic shock. Therefore, it is reasonable to study the combined trauma of the chest and lower extremities in details, as well as the post-traumatic multiple organ dysfunction especially in early manifestation stage. Objective. The aim of the study was to identify the features of structural organization of the lungs, heart and liver with underlying combined trauma of the chest and both thighs on the 7th day of the post-traumatic period. Methods. The experimental study involved 22 adult nonlinear white male rats with body mass of 200-210 g, kept on a standard diet at animal facility with food and drinking regimes recommended by the standards for laboratory animals. All animals were divided into 2 groups: the control group (1st, n=10), the experimental group (the 2nd) chest trauma and both thighs trauma, observation for 7 days (n=12). The animals of the experimental group were simulated for right-sided closed pneumothorax with a rib fracture by a trocar under thiopental-sodium anesthesia (40 mg/kg of body weight of the rat, intraperitoneally); it was combined with a fracture of the left and right femurs. Skeletal injury was modeled on each thigh that caused a closed fracture by a single dosed blow with a specially designed device. The blow energy was 0.375 J that corresponds to a severe injury. The associated injury was simulated by successive infliction of both injuries. Results. Examination of the liver of animals on the 7th day of the experiment revealed a rapid growth of lesions in their parenchyma. The central veins were poorly visible and contained single erythrocytes; the vessels of medium caliber of myocardial stroma were dilated and blood-filled, which was manifested by the development of perivascular oedema. In the lungs of experimental animals, a moderate decrease of interstitial tissue oedema of the interalveolar septa was present, while cellular infiltration of mast cells, macrophages and lymphocytes also decreased significantly. Conclusions. Multiple organ injuries, which are characterized by structural changes in the liver, heart and lungs in the combined trauma of the thorax and thighs on the 7th day of experiment were evidenced.

EGR2 Deletion Suppresses Anti-DsDNA Autoantibody and IL-17 Production in Autoimmune-Prone B6/lpr Mice: A Differential Immune Regulatory Role of EGR2 in B6/lpr Versus Normal B6 Mice.

Previous studies have reported that deletion of the transcription factor, early growth response protein 2 (EGR2), in normal C57BL/6 (B6) resulted in the development of lupus-like autoimmune disease. However, increased EGR2 expression has been noted in human and murine lupus, which challenges the notion of the autoimmune suppressive role of EGR2 in B6 mice. In this study, we derived both conditional EGR2-/-B6/lpr and EGR2-/-B6 mice to elucidate the immune and autoimmune regulatory roles of EGR2 in autoinflammation (B6/lpr) versus physiologically normal (B6) conditions. We found that conditional EGR2 deletion increased spleen weight, enhanced T cell activation and IFNγ production, and promoted germinal center B cells and LAG3+ regulatory T cells development in both B6/lpr and B6 mice. Nevertheless, EGR2 deletion also showed strikingly differential effects in these two strains on T lymphocyte subsets profile, Foxp3+ Tregs and plasma cell differentiation, anti-dsDNA autoantibodies and immunoglobulins production, and on the induction of IL-17 in in vitro activated splenocytes. Specifically, EGR2 deletion in B6/lpr mice significantly decreased serum levels of anti-dsDNA autoantibodies, total IgG, IgM, IgG1, and IgG2a with reduced plasma cells differentiation. Furthermore, EGR2 deletion in B6/lpr mice had no obvious effect on IgG immunocomplex deposition, medium caliber vessel, and glomeruli inflammation but increased complement C3 immunocomplex deposition and large caliber vessel inflammation in the kidneys. Importantly, we demonstrated that EGR2 deletion in B6/lpr mice significantly reduced pathogenic CD4-CD8-CD3+B220+ double negative T cells, which correlated with the reduced anti-dsDNA autoantibodies in serum and decreased IL-17 production in splenocytes of EGR2-/-B6/lpr mice. Together, our data strongly suggest that the role of EGR2 is complex. The immunoregulatory role of EGR2 varies at normal or autoinflammation conditions and should not be generalized in differential experimental settings.

Medium vacuum feasible displacement calibration of an optically levitated Duffing nonlinear oscillator

Optical levitation in vacuum has been proved as a promising platform for precision measurement and research on microscopic thermodynamics and the macroscopic quantum system. The performance of these applications is highly determined by the detection of the trapped particle's displacement, which is linked with the detection signal through a calibration coefficient. However, it is still a challenge to get the calibration coefficient in medium vacuum. Here, we present a nonlinear method to obtain the calibration coefficient with high accuracy to fill the pressure gap between 5×10−3 and 50 mbar. By averaging the trajectory segments with the same initial displacement, we analyze the relationship between the nonlinearity induced frequency shift and the amplitude, where the calibration coefficient can be obtained without a priori knowledge about mass and temperature of the trapped particle or the assistance with external force. We further apply this method to detect the mass and density of the trapped nanoparticle and observe the mass variation under different pressures. Therefore, it will pave the way to study the physical processes in medium vacuum based on the precision measurement of nanoparticle's mass, density, and other properties.

Cardiac Fibromuscular Dysplasia of Small to Medium Caliber Arteries: An Elusive Spot Diagnosis.

Cardiac Fibromuscular Dysplasia of Small to Medium Caliber Arteries: An Elusive Spot Diagnosis.

Identification of the possible negative impact of the drilling reagent brucit on workers involved in the construction of wells

In the technological processes of the construction of oil and gas wells, a variety of general-purpose inorganic chemicals are used. The ingress of these reagents into the body of drilling workers together with inhaled air, food intake, through the pores and mucous membrane is currently not sufficiently studied. The work investigated the effect of the drilling reagent brucit on the lung tissue of rats. During inhalation administration of brucite to rats, dystrophic processes were noted in their lungs, which were accompanied by the development of chronic inflammation, acute macrophage reaction. Morphometric analysis also showed a significant decrease in the area of the alveolar space and the area of the bronchus of medium caliber. In the lungs, the formation of many airless areas alternating with emphysematous-altered, the severity of which increased with the duration of exposure to the drilling reagent. Scientific novelty: In the work, the early unexplored effect of the drilling reagent brucit on the lung tissue of rats was determined. The categories of workers exposed to brucite at all stages of production are determined.For the first time, morphological features of the lungs in rats were determined against the background of inhaled administration of brucite particles. Based on the results of the study, the toxicological characteristics of the drilling reagent brucit are given. Research results:Brucite particles present in the air, when inhaled, passed through the nose, trachea, bronchi and reached the alveoli of non-linearalbinorats rats. Obviously, part of the administered dose was excreted by the body with excrement and mucus, and the other part was absorbed and then distributed to organs and tissues. A control section of a medium-caliber bronchus is shown in Figure 2. 14 days after the introduction of brucite particles, changes in lung tissue can be seen on microphotographs of the histological section. Focal fullness of the capillaries of the interalveolar septa is revealed. The changes registered on the 14th day after the introduction of brucite particles are shown in Figure 3.

Cerebral autosomo-dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarctions and leukoencephalopathy

The article presents an analysis of the literature and a clinical case of a rare disease from the group of diseases of small vessels — cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarction and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL).It is based on the deposition of osmiophilic granulation material in vessels of small and medium caliber. A mutation in the NOTCH3 gene on chromosome 19p13 leads to significant structural changes in the walls of small arteries due to impaired differentiation and maturation of smooth muscle cells.CADASIL is characterized by four key symptoms: migraines, recurrent ischemic strokes, mental disorders, and cognitive decline. The clinical case study is presented from the standpoint of a multidisciplinary patient-oriented approach of joint work of neurologists and morphologists. On the basis of clinical and laboratory criteria, a probable diagnosis was made. To confirm it, a muscle biopsy was performed (a musculocutaneous flap from the inner surface of the thighs and forearms), in order to conduct light and electron microscopy. The details of the results of the morphological study, which made it possible to verify the patient’s diagnosis, are presented. Differential diagnostic judgments are presented and recommendations for genetic studies in the family, prognosis and treatment of the patient are given.