Indian System Of Medicine Research Articles

Ayurvedic Insights on Improving Poor Sleep Quality

Sleep – this natural urge is so essential phenomenon of life that engages our one third of life-span, still indulging in being slept is mystery to everyone. At one side adequate sleep quality imparts fair concentration, emotional, cognitive motivational harmony inside body’s mind, soul and consciousness. Contrary to which inadequate sleep or poor sleep quality leads to tiredness, lack of focus, exhaustion, a low pain tolerance, anxiety, irritational thoughts, hallucinations, loss of appetite, constipation and many more. Sleep has a positive impact over digestion, metabolism, nourishment and health. It is irresistible, irreplaceable and unique boon for us, which is pillar of our life. The natural cycle of sleep and awakening is depending on Awastha of Sharir Dosha, Kaal Dosha, and few more factors as depicted in Ayurveda texts. So, the quality of sleep depends on these factors. If there is Kshaya of Kapha, or Vriddhi of Vata and Pitta, then the quality of sleep disturbs. In the realm of holistic well-being, Ayurveda, the ancient Indian system of medicine, offers profound insights into optimizing sleep quality. Through personalized approaches, Ayurvedic remedies like herbal formulations, lifestyle modifications, and relaxation techniques aim to rebalance Doshas and promote restful sleep. Integrating practices such as meditation, gentle yoga, and consistent sleep routines can pacify Vata and Pitta Dosha, calm the mind, and induce relaxation, fostering deeper and more rejuvenating sleep. Ayurveda's holistic perspective provides a natural and sustainable pathway to address poor sleep quality and promote overall well-being. The present paper is here to discuss in detail about Sukh Nidra.

Extraction and Analytical Study of Semecarpus Anacardium L. Seed Oil

Bhallataka, also known as the marking nut or dhobi nut, is a potent ingredient in Ayurvedic medicine. Despite its irritant nature, it's been used for centuries to treat a myriad of diseases. Its oil, extracted using the Patala Yantra, is a key formulation in Ayurvedic pharmaceutics. Ayurveda, the ancient Indian system of medicine, is gaining global recognition for its holistic and natural approach to health. A significant part of Ayurvedic treatments are plant-based, ranging from raw plant materials to refined extracts. One such plant is Semecarpus anacardium Linn, the botanical source of Bhallataka. The plant is being traditionally used by the ancient healers in clinical practice. Apart from the clinical uses the plant was also used for marking clothes, as hair dyes and in many non-therapeutic uses as well. Bhallataka is a plant which holds much significance in Siddha and Unani system of medicine. Various studies have been conducted to understand its physical and chemical nature of the plant, in order to understand its use in therapeutic purposes. Chemical and phytochemical analysis of Bhallataka nut reveals a treasure trove of bioactive compounds- biflavonoids, phenolic compounds, bhilawanols, minerals, vitamins, and amino acids. These compounds make Bhallataka effective against various diseases like arthritis, tumors, and infections. The oil of Bhallataka, extracted using the Patala Yantra method, is particularly noteworthy. This oil is an integral part of Ayurvedic pharmaceutics, and its application is referenced in various ancient texts.

Beneficial effect of Barleria buxifolia leaves extract in the treatment of diabetes and associated complications

The global occurrence of diabetes has witnessed persistent escalation, starting from 151 million individuals in the year 2000, the time when the IDF Diabetes Atlas was initially introduced, to 285 million in 2009, and further reaching 382 million in 2013. Diabetes mellitus is characterized by elevated levels of glucose in the blood plasma. This condition emerges as a consequence of insufficient insulin secretion, insulin resistance or both, subsequently leading to metabolic abnormalities. The plant known as Barleria buxifolia (BB), belonging to the Acanthaceae family, is intended to possess the ability to treat various ailments in the traditional Indian system of medicine. Hence, this research aims to investigate the effects of methanolic and aqueous extracts of BB leaves on diabetic models of rats. STZ (60 mg/kg) was administered to induce diabetes in the rats. Both the extracts of BB were orally administered at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg, respectively to the normal and diabetic rats, commencing from the 3rd day until the 28th day. Blood samples were examined to determine glucose levels. The diabetic rats exhibited a notable rise in blood glucose levels. The aqueous and methanolic extracts of BB reduced the elevated glucose levels significantly (P > 0.01) and enhanced the body weight of rats. Thus, it can be inferred that BB possesses considerable potential for the management of diabetes mellitus.

Effectiveness of Lakshadi Guggulu, Shatawari Churna & Abhyanga with Lakshadi tail on Menopausal Syndrome - R.C.T.

With the improvement of health facilities, the elderly population is increasing. Consequently, the number of women experiencing menopausal syndrome is also increasing. Early menopause significantly contributes to this group. Symptoms of menopause may vary from somato-vegetative, psychological to uro-genital. But we do not have a specific protocol to efficiently manage all these symptoms. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is an option, but the outcomes are not satisfactory. According to a community-based cross-sectional study in 400 middle-aged women (40–60 years) in Haryana, India, in the year 2020, the prevalence of menopausal symptoms was found to be 87.7%. The majority of the study subjects experienced anxiety (80%), followed by physical and mental exhaustion (71.5%), sleep problems (61.2%), irritability (60.7%), joint and muscular discomfort (56%), and heart problems (54%). The most classical symptom of menopause, i.e., hot flushes, was reported in 36.7% of the participants. The quality of life was impaired in 70.2% of the study subjects. The psychological symptoms are attributed to 70.8% of the poor quality of life. As per the need of the hour, this study was carried out to assess the effectiveness of the Indian system of medicine in managing menopausal syndrome. In this study, the Menopausal Rating Scale (MRS) was used as an assessment tool. The study was conducted on 100 patients aged 40 to 65 attending the Ayurveda Institute OPD. The clinical comparative study was carried out with Lakshadi Guggulu, Shatavari Churna, and Lakshadi Tail for 2 months. After the study, it can be concluded that in women with mild to moderate symptoms of menopausal syndrome, a combined treatment (Lakshadi Guggulu + Shatavari Churna + Lakshadi Tail) yields better results in both somatic and psychological complaints compared to individual interventions.

Development of “eIndianMedicine” App for subclinical infection of COVID-19

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic and has infected more than 561M people worldwide. The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared it an international public health concern. Approximately 80% of subclinical COVID-19 cases continue to rapidly spread in India. Consequently, the Indian Government urges the scientific community to control its transmission by developing self-assessed mobile apps and searching for Indian systems of medicine. The Ministry of Ayush, Government of India, recently recommended Ayurvedic medicine for the treatment of COVID-19 subclinical infection. However, awareness of Indian systems of medicine is not yet popularized because of low consumer perception and ignorance of scientific facts in India. This study provides a perspective on the design and development of a mobile app “eIndianMedicine for COVID-19” with a self-assessment tool. The abstraction of scientific facts regarding Indian systems of medicine is important for the development of such information tools in India. It can gather information from any patient to stop the spread of a silent carrier and to start treatment immediately. This can reduce mass testing costs and awareness of the Indian systems of medicine. Hence, current progress in information technology can increase the mobilization of International Trade in Indian traditional medicine to treat asymptomatic COVID-19 patients worldwide.

Cell line studies in Ayurveda: Bridging ancient wisdom and modern science

Ayurveda, an ancient Indian system of medicine, offers holistic solutions to modern health challenges by addressing the root causes of illness. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in integrating Ayurveda with modern scientific approaches through interdisciplinary research to explore synergies and uncover novel insights for healthcare advancements. Cell line studies are emerging as a pivotal tool in this effort. These studies facilitate the exploration of the molecular mechanisms underlying Ayurvedic principles and formulations, offering valuable insights into their therapeutic efficacy. This review article evaluates the role of cell line studies in bridging the gap between ancient Ayurvedic wisdom and modern scientific understanding. It provides an overview of existing research on cell line studies of Ayurvedic medicines, exploring their effectiveness, identifying key herbs and formulations studied, discussing clinical and pharmacological findings, addressing challenges and future directions, and emphasizing the importance of scientific validation when integrating Ayurveda into conventional healthcare.

Chemoprofiling and medicinal potential of underutilized leaves of Cyperus scariosus

Agro-waste is the outcome of the under-utilization of bioresources and a lack of knowledge to re-use this waste in proper ways or a circular economy approach. In the Indian medicinal system, the root of Cyperus scariosus (CS) is used at a large scale due to their vital medicinal properties. Unfortunately, the aerial part of CS is treated as agro-waste and is an under-utilized bioresource. Due to a lack of knowledge, CS is treated as a weed. This present study is the first ever attempt to explore CS leaves as medicinally and a nutrient rich source. To determine the food and nutritional values of the neglected part of Cyperus scariosus R.Br. (CS), i.e. CS leaves, phytochemicals and metal ions of CS were quantified by newly developed HPLC and ICPOES-based methods. The content of the phytochemicals observed in HPLC analysis for caffeic acid, catechin, epicatechin, trans-p-coumaric acid, and trans-ferulic acid was 10.51, 276.15, 279.09, 70.53, and 36.83 µg/g, respectively. In GC–MS/MS analysis, fatty acids including linolenic acid, phytol, palmitic acid, etc. were identified. In ICPOES analysis, the significant content of Na, K, Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, and Zn was observed. The TPC and TFC of the CS leaves was 17.933 mg GAE eq./g and 130.767 mg QCE eq./g along with an IC50 value of 2.78 mg/mL in the DPPH assay and better antacid activity was measured than the standard (CaCO3). The methanolic extract of CS leaves showed anti-microbial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (15 ± 2 mm), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (12 ± 2 mm) and Escherichia coli (10 ± 2 mm). In silico studies confirmed the in vitro results obtained from the antioxidant, antiacid, and anti-microbial studies. In addition, in silico studies revealed the anti-cancerous and anti-inflammatory potential of the CS leaves. This study, thus, demonstrated the medicinal significance of the under-utilized part of CS and the conversion of agro-waste into mankind activity as a pharmaceutical potent material. Consequently, the present study highlighted that CS leaves have medicinal importance with good nutritional utility and have a large potential in the pharmaceutical industry along with improving bio-valorization and the environment.

Phyto-pharmacological Potential of Aegle marmelos (L.) for Neurological Disorders: Progress and Prospects.

Aegle marmelos, an Indian plant, has been extensively utilized by the people of the Indian subcontinent over about 5000 years. The leaves, bark, roots, and fruits, including seeds, are widely used to cure a variety of diseases in the Indian traditional system of medicine, Ayurveda, along with numerous folk medicines. By revealing the existence of significant bioactive chemicals, modern research has effectively substantiated the therapeutic effects of bael. The objective of this study was to review the literature regarding A. marmelos geographical distribution, morphology, therapeutic benefits, and phytochemicals found in the bael leaves, fruits, and other parts of the plant that offer a wide range of pharmacological applications in neurological disorders. A thorough literature search was conducted using five computerized databases, such as PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Elsevier, and Wiley Online Library (WOL), by using standard keywords "A. marmelos," "Geographical distribution," "Morphological description," "Ethnobotanical Uses," "Phytoconstituents" and "Neuroprotective activities" for review papers published between 1975 and 2023. A small number of earlier review articles focused on phyto-pharmacological potential of Aegle marmelos (L.) for neurological disorders. According to some research, Aegle marmelos extracts potentially have neuroprotective benefits. This is due to its capacity to alter cellular mechanisms that cause neuronal damage. Neurodegenerative illnesses usually induce permanent neuronal network loss overall the brain along with the spinal cord (CNS), resulting in chronic functional impairments. The review summarizes the multiple aspects and processes of A. marmelos extract and its components in several models of neurodegenerative diseases such as anxiety, epilepsy, depression, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and others. MDA, nitrite, TNF-, and IL-6 levels were dramatically elevated, whereas glutathione levels were significantly lowered in the hippocampus of STZ-treated rats. Furthermore, STZ-treated rats showed a substantial drop in catalase activity and an increase in AChE activity, indicating cholinergic hypofunction and neuronal injury. The neuroprotective ability of A. marmelos against STZ-induced oxidative stress and cognitive loss in rats suggests that it has therapeutic relevance in Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Exploring the Concepts of Collection Practices of Bark - From Ancient to Modern

Indian indigenous health care tradition plays a vital role in the health sector as it forms the major resource base of the medicinal plants. Precisely, 90% of the plant constituents are yet to be explored while only 10% have been studied. The global popularity of ancient Ayurvedic medicine is creating the persistent increase in demand and supply of Ayurveda medicinal plants. Advantages of these medicinal herbs either in single or many combinations, one part or the whole plant are known in every Indian house hold from the time of our ancestors. Ayurvedic science, the Indian system of medicine is known for the uniqueness of utilising different parts of the medicinal plant such as roots, leaves, flowers, barks etc and even minerals to treat various disorders. Even Ayurveda Acharyas has stressed upon the medicinal values that each part of the plant possess and has described multiple benefits of these drugs. Dravyaguna is one among the branches of Ayurvedic science that deals with the studies related to Ayurvedic drugs that includes Analytical and physio-chemical studies. In association with the clinical studies, physicochemical and analytical studies are need of the hour to comprehend the beneficial properties of the different parts of the medicinal plants. In this regard, we find many studies but not on the collection of barks. This study is an attempt to explore in depth, the collection practices of barks mentioned in ancient period and modern period.

Chyawanprash: A Trending Ayurvedic Product in the Modern Healthcare

Abstract: Ayurveda is a comprehensive part of the ancient Indian medicine system and is considered the different classical remedies to treat numerous diseases. According to Ayurveda, the diet consumed should contain nutritious particulars that have the ability to prevent diseases and foster a healthy lifestyle. Rasayana Shastra (branch of Ayurveda) encompasses a range of specialised treatments aimed at extending life, avoiding ageing and illnesses, decreasing degenerative processes, and maintaining good health. Chyawanprash is unquestionably the most popular of all rasayana formulations. For ages, it has been used as a supplement to maintain health and improve immunity and longevity. It is a powerful health supplement composed of over forty herbs that have been a part of the Indian diet before the arrival of antioxidant supplements, vitamins, and minerals. Recently, there has been a switch to plant-based derived products and ancient systems due to an increase in global acceptance. The present challenges in the re-emerging of Chyawanprash-based function food have been reviewed. Despite a large number of research reports that have appeared for decades, ancient recipes, methods of preparations, scientific validation, traditional uses, bioactive compounds, and pharmacological properties of Chyawanprash and clinical evidence are some major lacking. Further quality assessments are required to establish the mechanism of action of the standardized Chyawanprash functional food and nutraceuticals toward the roles of the bioactive(s) in health.

Vanilla: A Review of Powerful Herb with Ayurvedic Medicinal Properties

Vanilla, derived from the beans of the Vanilla planifolia orchid, is a globally cherished spice known for its sweet aroma and flavor. Beyond its culinary applications, this review delves into the Ayurvedic medicinal properties of vanilla, unraveling its potential as a powerful herb in traditional medicine. Ayurveda, the ancient Indian system of medicine, recognizes vanilla for its diverse therapeutic attributes. The active compounds in vanilla, such as vanillin, contribute to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. These qualities align with Ayurvedic principles, emphasizing the balance of bodily functions and prevention of diseases. Vanilla has been historically employed to alleviate digestive disorders, respiratory ailments and stress-related conditions. Ayurvedic practitioners harness its calming effects on the nervous system, promoting mental well-being. Moreover, vanilla is explored for its potential antimicrobial properties, adding a layer of significance in the context of Ayurveda where natural remedies play a pivotal role. The herb's use in Ayurvedic formulations underscores its adaptability across diverse health concerns. This review consolidates current scientific research alongside traditional Ayurvedic wisdom to provide a comprehensive understanding of vanilla's medicinal potential. As consumer interest in holistic well-being grows, the integration of vanilla into Ayurvedic practices not only expands its applications but also exemplifies the synergy between traditional and contemporary approaches to health. Unveiling the multifaceted nature of vanilla as a potent herb, this exploration encourages further investigations and applications of its Ayurvedic medicinal properties in modern healthcare.

Insight Into Invitro Immune Stimulatory Effect Of Phyllathus Amarus Extracts

The medicinal property of Phyllanthus amarus (P. amarus) has been well appreciated and well documented in Indian system of traditional medicines namely Ayurvedic, Siddha and Unani. P. amarus has been long used to treat various ailments, however its mechanism of action is still obscure because of the lack of scientific proofs to support its medical benefits. The current study was performed to elucidate the immune modulation properties of P. amarus by measuring free radical scavenging ability, nitric oxide stimulation potential and LTB4 production. Aqueous extracts of P. amarus (100 µg/ml) had quenched the free radicals by 81.4 ± 1.1 % of activity followed by 76.1 ± 2.4 % quenching by methanolic extract. Aqueous extract of P. amarus (100 µg/ml) produced a profound NO to a tune of 580 ± 10 µMol. Methanolic extract produced 530 ± 17.3 µMol of NO. There was an increase of NO with aqueous extract in comparison to methanolic extract however these data are not statistically significant (p> 0.05). LTB4 production with 100 µg/ml concentration of aqueous extract was 103 ± 6.2 pg/ml and it was 113.2 ± 7.8 with methanolic extract.

Phytochemical analysis of root extracts of Rhynchostylis retusa (L.) Blume from the Eastern Ghats of India

Rhynchostylis retusa (Orchidaceae) is an important ethnomedicinal herb in Indian systems of medicine. Tribal healers commonly employ the roots of this epiphytic orchid to treat various ailments. In the present study, the shade-dried root powder of R. retusa was subjected to cold extraction with four solvents, such as n-hexane, acetone, ethyl acetate, and methanol. The crude root extracts were then taken for qualitative phytochemical screening. Furthermore, GC-MS analysis of ethyl acetate and methanol root extracts was carried out. The methanol root extract of R. retusa showed a positive result for all the phytochemicals tested except for saponins. GC-MS analysis of R. retusa methanol root extract revealed the presence of 16 phytoconstituents. Major phytoconstituents such as 9-Hexadecenoic acid, methyl ester, [Z] Heptadecanoic acid, 16-methyl-, methyl ester, Ethanone,1-[4-(4-morpholyl benzylidene amino)phenyl]-, are recorded in the methanol root extract. In the present study, both methanol and ethyl acetate root extracts showed the presence of9-Hexadecenoic acid, methyl ester, [Z] as the major phytocompound. The phytocompounds identified in methanol and ethyl acetate root extracts exhibit various biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. Based on the findings of the current study, it can be inferred that the roots of R. retusa contain diverse bioactive compounds with medicinal properties. Further investigation of these R. retusa root extracts holds the potential for the discovery and development of innovative pharmaceuticals.

Knowledge, attitude and practice towards Ayurveda among patients attending cardiology and neurology clinics at a tertiary care institute in India.

Background Ayurveda, the Indian system of medicine, has been practised in India since ages. We evaluated the overall awareness regarding Ayurveda among patients attending two specialty clinics at a tertiary care institute. Methods We did a cross-sectional study on patients attending the cardiology and neurology clinics at a tertiary care hospital in India. We conducted this paper-based survey using a standardized, validated questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed using STATA version 14.2. Results Three hundred and ninety-seven patients agreed to participate in the study. Their mean (SD) age was 45.65 (15.02) years. Among them 68.5% were men and 56.9% were from urban areas. Participants perceived that Ayurveda comprised herbal drugs (77.6%), metallic/herbo-mineral preparations (44.3%), Panchakarma therapy (22.2%) and personalized medicine (37.8%). Principal sources of information were TV promotional programmes (34.7%) and newspaper advertisements (13.9%). Nearly two-thirds (63%) of participants opined that Ayurveda is effective in chronic disorders. Although only 9.1% of participants reported the use of Ayurvedic medicines, 89.2% believed it would be beneficial if the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi had Ayurveda services. Three-fourths (75.8%) of respondents were interested to participate in research studies integrating Ayurveda with modern medicine. Conclusion Imprecise knowledge and awareness towards Ayurveda appears to prevail in addition to the low practice among the patients surveyed. We found imprecise knowledge of Ayurvedic therapies and its low usage among patients attending specialized OPDs in a tertiary care hospital. The major source of information reported was promotional advertisements in the print and electronic media. Our survey shows a need for awareness programmes for general public at various levels.

A review on the principles of Rasa Shastra in Indian System of Medicine and its homology with Modern Chemical Processes

Ayurveda medicine is one of the oldest holistic healing sciences it was developed around 3000 years ago. Different branches of science were nurtured by it like biology, genetics, microbiology, clinical medicine, surgery, astronomic, pharmaceutics and metallurgy etc. In Ayurveda system of medicine various formulations have been described in the traditional literature, which adopted the processes which are quite similar to the processes used today in modern medicine for formulation of various dosage forms to get the desired effect for the optimum period. Science and technology in ancient and medieval India covered all the major branches of human knowledge and activities. In any, early civilization, metallurgy has remained an activity central to all civilizations from the Bronze Age and the Iron Age, to all other civilizations that followed. Various chemicals like common salt, alkali, borax, and compounds of elements Cu, Fe, Hg and Au were used as well as techniques for making of the alloys were also very common. The applicability of natural preservatives like oil, sugar, salt were also very much known in ancient time. However, the terms used as stated in traditional literature were not similar to the modern times. Also, the acidic and alcoholic fermented products were prepared very commonly.

Ayush Kwath: A Major Contribution of Ayurveda in Preventing COVID- 19 Infection

Background: Ayush Kwath is an Ayurvedic polyherbal formulation (PHF) of dry Tulsi leaves, Cinnamon bark, Sunthi rhizome, and black pepper fruit. Methods: This PHF contain phytochemicals that help in boosting immunity; hence, it is suggested as a preventive measure against the coronavirus. Ayurveda is an ancient Indian medicine system that offers treatment for various diseases with the help of herbal, animal, or mineral-based formulations. Currently, the entire globe is facing the challenge of combating the COVID-19 pandemic. COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease 19) is a highly infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2) that belongs to a large family of coronaviruses. Results: Most people who are affected by this virus experience mild to moderate symptoms of pneumonia, but older people or those with weakened immune systems, for example, those suffering from cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, or chronic respiratory diseases, are more likely to develop serious respiratory illnesses. As there is no registered medicine against COVID-19, strengthening the immune system is an effective way to tackle this disease. Conclusion: Ayush Kwath, a natural immunity booster, has been approved by the Ministry of AYUSH as a prophylactic measure to fight against novel coronavirus infection.

Assessment of pharmacological activities of specialized metabolites of Withania somnifera (L.)

Withania somnifera is a revered herb in the Indian medicinal system due to the presence of pharmacologically bioactive compounds. The roots and leaves of Ashwagandha contain various phytochemicals like phenols, flavonoids, quinones, steroids, etc. These phytochemicals are distributed among various tissues of this plant in varying concentrations. Since location and environmental factors (biotic and abiotic) play a key role in the biosynthesis of bioactive metabolites, the agro-climatic conditions are conducive to introducing and domesticating new exotic plant varieties with enhanced phytochemicals and withanolide contents. The present study focuses on the assessment of these bioactive compounds in different commercially available varieties for the cultivation of elite germplasm from the perspective of hill agriculture and sustainable development.In the study, total phenols were found to be highest in Jawahar-20 root, i.e., 82.714 mg/g (DW), followed by Poshita root, i.e., 64.02 mg/g (DW), while the least was found in Pratap leaf, i.e., 2.33 mg/g (DW). The concentration of total flavonoids varied significantly (p ≤ 0.05) from 1.98 ± 0.0.01 to 80.735 ± 4.33 mg QE/g (DW). Total flavonoids were found to be highest in Jawahar-20 root, i.e., 80.735 mg/g (DW), followed by Poshita leaf, i.e., 60.02 mg/g (DW), and least in Nimithli stem, i.e., 1.98 mg/g (DW). The total tannin content varied significantly (p ≤ 0.05) among the five varieties of Withania somnifera under the present study. The concentration of total tannin varied significantly (p ≤ 0.05) from 0.691 ± 0.51 to 36.09 ± 0.61 mg TAE/g (DW). Tannins were found to be highest in Jawahar-20 root, i.e., 36.09 mg/g (DW), followed by Poshita root, i.e., 29.287 mg/g (DW), while the least was found to be in Pratap seed, i.e., 0.682 mg/g (DW). Ortho-dihydroxy phenol was found to be highest in Jawahar-20 leaf, i.e., 40.081 mg/g (DW), followed by Jawahar-20 root, 19.31 mg/g (DW), and Poshita leaf, i.e., 19.02 mg/g (DW). Both recorded the same, and the least was found in Nimithli leaf, i.e., 0.95 mg/g (DW). Total antioxidant capacity was found to be highest in Jawahar-20 leaf, i.e., 16.70 mg/g (DW), followed by Jawahar-20 leaf, i.e., 11.51 mg/g (DW), and Poshita leaf, i.e., 11.31 mg/g (DW), both of which recorded the same almost least in Pratap leaf, i.e., 0.257 mg/g (DW). The DPPH activity was found to be highest in Poshita root, i.e., 92.39 at 1000 μg concentration, which was very near the ascorbic acid, i.e., 98.9 (a natural antioxidant), followed by Pratap leaf, i.e., 88.04, and least in Nimithli root, i.e., 58.36. The IC50 value of Pratap leaf was the least, i.e., 369.42, followed by Jawahar-20 stem, i.e., 370.32, and the highest IC50 value was found in Nimithli root, i.e., 877.22. The reducing power of five different varieties increased with increasing concentration. The varieties differed w.r.t. their total reducing power activity, i.e., the reducing power activity was highest in Poshita stem with an R2 value of 0.992, followed by Poshita root with an R2 value of 0.982, and least in Pratap seed with an R2 value of 0.565. Thus, Jawahar-20 and Poshita not only recorded higher phytochemicals but also withanolide A and withaferin A.

A review of botany, traditional applications, phytochemistry, pharmacological applications, and toxicology of Rubus ellipticus Smith fruits.

Rubus ellipticus Smith. (Family Rosaceae), often known as the yellow Himalayan raspberry (Yellow Hissar), is one of the most widely used edible fruits in Indian folk medicinal systems. The current review aims to identify the gap between research and existing applications of this fruit to help scientists explore the current trends and opportunities for future development. Fruits of R. ellipticus are the source of several classes of compounds. Fruits of R. ellipticus are also rich in nutrients such as carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals. It has been shown to have significant medical value in a variety of studies, including as an anti-diabetic, nephroprotective, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, antitumor, wound healing, antifertility, oviposition deterrent, antibacterial, and antioxidant. Fruits of R. ellipticus have been the subject of several in vitro and in vivo investigations, all of which have corroborated their wide range of biological activities and demonstrated their potential for the identification of new therapeutic candidates and the development of innovative herbal food supplements. Additional mechanism-based pharmacological evaluation and clinical research shouldprovide an adequate scientific basis for the traditional usage of R. ellipticus fruits, which is currently not sufficiently supported by the available research on its active components and molecular mechanisms.

Chromatographic Profiling and Cytotoxic studies of Extracts of Buchanania lanzan Spreng and Albizia lebbeck Benth

The various Indian systems of medicine in addition to numerous local health traditions have been successful in managing cancer across the globe using herbs. Keeping all this in mind, the present study has been taken up, to study the cytotoxic potential of B.lanzan and A.lebbeck barks. The objective of the present study is to explore the scientific basis of both plant bark for its anti-carcinogenic utility. Different extracts of plants were screened using the MTT assay technique, and potent extracts were subjected to HPTLC and HPLC to evaluate total phenolic and flavonoid present in crude extracts of plant bark. In our study, we found that the ethanolic fraction of B. lanzan had higher phenolic content 34.92 µg/mL than other fractions. While in the case of flavonoids ethyl acetate fraction of A.lebbeck contain the highest concentration 17.00 µg/mL. In the MTT assay, B. lanzan ethyl acetate extract (B-EA), ethanolic extract of B. lanzan (BE) and A. lebbeck ethyl acetate extract (L-EA) had shown an IC50 value of 113.9 µg/mL, 247.4µg/mL, 152.7µg/mL, while in A549 cells, B-EA, BE, L-EA had shown 226.9µg/mL, 269.1µg/mL, 123.3µg/mL IC50 values respectively. The effect of samples B-EA, and L-EA was found different in HeLa cell lines from the other two studies. The samples B-EA and L-EA showed the value of 91.9µg/mL and 257.1µg/mL, respectively. A. lebbeck ethanol extract (LA) did not show significant inhibition in HepG2, A549, and HeLa cells, and sample BE did not show substantial inhibition in HeLa cells. B.lanzan and A. lebbeck have a high potency to treat liver, lung and cervical cancers in vitro, although extensive pharmacological and clinical studies are required to explore inherent mechanisms in future.

THE HONEY TRAP: IS HEATED HONEY REALLY THAT BAD?

Introduction- The consumption of honey mixed with hot water or heated honey has been a practice. However, concerns have arisen regarding the potential harmful effects of this practice, both according to Ayurvedic principles and scientific evidence. Ayurveda, the ancient Indian system of medicine, emphasizes the importance of consuming honey (Madhu) in its raw, unheated form. Acharyas have mentioned that heating honey alters its chemical properties, transforming it into a substance that is visha (poison) to the body. A dooshi visha, or unnatural substance, is any substance that can disrupt the balance of the doshas and contribute to disease. When honey is heated, it undergoes a chemical transformation, leading to the formation of a compound called 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). HMF can be considered a dooshi visha in Ayurveda due to its potential to disrupt the delicate balance of the doshas. According to Ayurvedic principles, the doshas are in a constant state of flux, and their balance is essential for maintaining health. HMF, with its propensity to alter the doshas, can throw this equilibrium off, leading to various health problems. Aims and Objectives: To understand the effect of consuming heated honey (Madhu) on humans. Materials and Methods: Modern textbooks and Authenticated sources were scrutinized for the understanding of properties, chemical composition of honey and ayurvedic textbooks were scrutinized for further understanding. Conclusion and Discussion: Based on both Ayurvedic principles and scientific evidence, it is advisable to consume honey in its raw, unheated form to reap its full health benefits and minimize potential risks. While honey mixed with hot water or heated honey may be part of practices, these methods may compromise the beneficial properties of honey and pose potential health concerns. KEY WORDS- Honey, Madhu, Visha, dooshi visha, HMF.