Quality Of Medicines Research Articles

Modern View on Potentials of Forensic Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Expertise

Abstract The great number of drugs and their variety have increased the potential of therapy but increased the risks of crimes related to the production, sale, and use of medicines. The prosecution of such crimes requires pharmaceutical or pharmacological expertise. The development of forensic pharmacy and forensic pharmacology is relevant and needs consideration of their modern capabilities. The purpose of the work is to analyze literature data on the scientific basis of forensic pharmaceutical and pharmacological expertise and their modern possibilities. The texts of articles, book chapters, and websites were studied using keywords relevant to the purpose of the review. It is shown, that modern forensic pharmaceutical expertise is a separate type of expertise that focuses on the study of drugs and documents that regulate the production, distribution, and quality of medicines. It uses the latest analytical methods of pharmacy. A pharmacologist analyzes body fluids and tissues and interprets the resulting data to help courts and investigators assess the role of a drug in the person’s behavior, illness, injury, or death. The range of issues included in the pharmacological examination is fully within the competence of the forensic medical examination, which can be appointed in civil cases or criminal proceedings connected with harm to health or death. Forensic pharmacology is not the same as forensic toxicology or pharmacovigilance and requires a separate approach based on purely pharmacological knowledge.

Pre-Fracture Functional Status and Early Functional Recovery are Significant Predictors of Instrumental Activities of Daily Living After Hip Fracture: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Although the overall quality of medicine has improved in recent decades, the functional capacity in many hip fracture patients remains insufficient. The goal of the present study was to identify significant predictors of Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) measured by the Lawton-Brody scale at 3- and 6-month follow-up in patients with hip fractures admitted to a hospital. This observational cohort study included 191 patients with acute hip fractures. IADL was measured at baseline and after 3 and 6 months using the Lawton-Brody scale. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was carried out using pre-fracture functional status, sociodemographic variables, hand grip strength (HGS), surgical procedure, complications, and length of hospital stay, Short Physical Performance Battery, and Barthel Index (BI) on the fifth postoperative day as potential predictors for IADL after a hip fracture surgery. The mean age of the participants was 80.3 ± 6.8years, and 77.0% of our cohort were women. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that pre-fracture functional status and early functional recovery were independent predictors of IADL after hip fracture surgery. Clinicians should take steps to improve functional outcomes by changing how patients are rehabilitated in the first days after hip fracture surgery, especially for the group of patients with a lower functional status before the fracture.

Generation of a medicine food homology formula and its likely mechanism in treatment of microvascular angina.

Microvascular angina (MVA) is the most common cause of cardiac ischemic chest pain in patients without obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) and lacks of effective treatment means. Medicine food homology (MFH) involves substances with both nutritional and medicinal qualities that have the potential to improve MVA symptoms as medicines, dietary supplements. However, research on MFH formula (MFHF) for MVA is not available. The study aims to generate a core MFHF for MVA through data mining and offer scientific backing for the utilization of edible medications in the prevention and alleviation of MVA. 11 databases were utilized to construct a database of MFH drugs, and the MFHF was generated through frequency analysis, association rule analysis, and clustering analysis. The composition of the formula is Codonopsis Radix, Astragali Radix, Platycodonis Radix, Persicae Semen, Glycyrrhizae Radix Et Rhizoma, Angelicae Sinensis Radix, and Allii Macrostemonis Bulbus. Through network pharmacology and molecular docking, we identified five major active components of MFHF: Adenosine, Nonanoic Acid, Lauric Acid, Caprylic Acid, and Enanthic Acid, along with nine core targets (NFKB1, ALB, AKT1, ACTB, TNF, IL6, ESR1, CASP3, and PTGS) for the improvement of MVA. These 5 active components have various biological activities, such as reducing oxidative stress, anti-inflammation, analgesia effect, inhibiting platelet aggregation, vasodilatation, vascular endothelial protection, and cardio-protection. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses revealed that MFHF mainly acted on the response to xenobiotic stimulus, integrative component of the plasma membrane, RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity, ligand-activated sequence-specific DNA binding, pathways in cancer, lipid and atherosclerosis, human cytomegalovirus infection, and the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, which are the main pathogenesis of MVA.

Characteristics of Medical Quality in Tertiary Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospitals by TOPSIS and RSR Methods.

Performance evaluation is important for improving medical quality and services. But, there is a lack of research for medical quality in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) hospitals. This study examines the medical quality and various indicators of tertiary public traditional Chinese medicine hospitals in Gansu Province, to establish a foundation for improving the medical and management standards of these hospitals. This study collected performance assessment data from 10 tertiary TCM hospitals in Gansu Province from 2019 to 2022. Thirteen indicators with TCM characteristics were selected and categorized into 3 aspects: control of medical costs, internal operational dimensions, and comprehensive management. The level of medical quality in different hospitals and in different years were determined using the TOPSIS method for ranking and the RSR method for grading. Firstly, in terms of TCM characteristic indicators, hospital H had the highest control of medical costs and comprehensive management among different hospitals, with 45.87% and 24.20% respectively. The highest values for control of medical costs and comprehensive management were observed in 2020, with 40.65% and 18.69% respectively among different years. When evaluating the medical quality of different hospitals using the TOPSIS method, it was found that hospital H had the highest ranking from 2020 to 2022, with Ci values of 0.725, 0.778, and 0.667 respectively. Additionally, the RSR method indicated that hospital H had a high level of grading from 2020 to 2022, with Pi values of 0.687, 0.690, and 0.723 respectively. These findings suggest that the medical quality of hospital H is at a high and stable level of development. Based on the TOPSIS method to evaluate the performance appraisal results and ranking of different hospitals from 2019 to 2022. The results showed that the highest ranking was hospital B(Ci = 0.913) in 2019. The highest ranking was hospital C(Ci = 0.809)in 2020. The highest ranking was hospital D(Ci = 0.689) in 2021. The highest ranking was hospital J(Ci = 0.865) in 2022. The RSR method indicated that high grading level were hospitals B(Pi = 0.899),F(Pi = 0.795) in 2019. The highest grading level was hospital C(Pi = 0.809) in 2020. The highest grading level were hospitals A(Pi = 0.868), D(Pi = 0.813), E(Pi = 0.689), G(Pi = 0.873), J(Pi = 0.813), K(Pi = 0.842) in 2022. Based on the above results indicate that there is a large variation in the medical quality profile of different hospitals from 2019 to 2022. By comparing the results of TOPSIS and RSR method from 2019 to 2022, we found that the hospitals with identical ranking were D and J, and the hospitals with ≤2 difference in ranking was A,B,C,E in 2019, the hospitals with >2 ranking was A, F in 2020, the hospitals with >2 ranking were C, G in 2021, and the hospitals with identical ranking results were B,D,E,G,J in 2022. Comparing the ranking results of TOPSIS and RSR methods, showed that the hospitals with identical rankings were B, F from 2019 to 2022. The difference in ranking results ≤2 were A, C, D, E, G, H, J, K, indicating that high consistency between TOPSIS and RSR methods and credible results. The findings reveal significant fluctuations in medical quality across different years, while the overall level of medical quality remains relatively stable among the various hospitals. It is recommended that TCM hospitals focus on improving management efficiency, optimizing hospital operations, enhancing the utilization of medical resources, and fostering the efficient development of hospitals.

Statistical Process Control and Capability Six-pack for Conductivity Measurement in Medicinal Chemical Industry

Statistical Process Control (SPC) is indispensable in the medicinal chemical industry for maintaining pharmaceutical product quality and consistency. Background: With complex chemical processes and stringent regulatory standards, robust quality control measures are essential. SPC enables monitoring and control of key process parameters, identification and correction of process variations, and ensuring final product compliance with specifications. This study evaluates the quality and capability of a process measuring medicinal raw material quality from an international chemical manufacturing company. Methods: Data collected from the conductivity measurement process were analyzed using Minitab software. The process specification was fixed at 30 µS·cm-1 as a maximum permissible limit, with 33 subgroups of size one. The computation of the capability six-pack and analysis generated six plots providing insights into process stability, recent behavior, and capability against specifications, distribution verification and capability indices. Minitab® version 17.1.0 software was used to perform a process capability six-pack analysis, including various charts and statistics to assess process stability and capability. Results: The results indicate that while the process is stable, it lacks capability, with variations exceeding acceptable limit. The process does not meet the maximum allowable specification value, with deviations from normal distribution and following logistic dispersion pattern. Conclusion: The study's novelty lies in its comprehensive yet concise presentation of key metrics essential for evaluating process capability and performance, providing insights for process improvement and quality control. Further investigation and improvement actions are needed to address sources of variation and enhance process capability and performance.

THE INTEGRATION OF TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF PATIENT-CENTERED MEDICINE IN THE INTENSIVE CARE UNIT: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Since the advent of intensive care units (ICUs) in the twentieth century, several advances have been developed in relation to diagnosis, organ support, and treatment modalities. However, the environment for professionals, patients and their families continues to be stressful and uncomfortable. Optimizing the working conditions and processes of ICUs is of great significance for improving efficiency and minimizing human errors. Innovations and technological advances can also bring higher quality and safer medicine, as well as greater personalization and a better experience for critically ill patients. This article reviews the progress in the related fields that could be the trend in the coming years for the formation of intelligent ICUs. It is discussed how thinking about design, structure, equipment, less invasive monitoring, expansion of digital transformation, incorporation of artificial intelligence, in addition to the perspectives of these changes on the multidisciplinary team, can be important in the search for patient-centered care in the future of the ICUs.

A Study to Assess The Knowledge and Practice of Healthcare Workers and The General Public About Generic and Branded Medicine In Bengaluru

Background A generic drug is a pharmaceutical drug that contains the same chemical substance as a drug that was originally protected by chemical patents. The Indian government launched a project called the Jan Aushadhi Scheme to provide low-income people with unbranded quality medicines at affordable prices.Objective The study aimed to assess the knowledge and practice of healthcare workers and the general public about generic and branded drugs.Methodology It was a questionnaire-based cross-sectional study done with 150 respondents each from the general public and healthcare workers using a convenience sampling method.Results Among healthcare workers 52 had moderate and 48 had good knowledge and practice of generic medicines. Among the general public 65.3 had moderate and 34.7 had good knowledge of generic medicine and 30 had moderate and 70 had good practice. The study revealed that the age group 20-29 years had greater knowledge and participants with higher-level education had greater belief in the efficacy of generic medicine. The maximum 52 of the general public had agreed that if the doctor prescribes generic medicine then they will use generic medicine.Conclusion The study revealed that healthcare workers had more knowledge about generic medicine than the general public and the general public had better practice of generic medicine than healthcare workers. The study revealed that men were more knowledgeable about generic medicines than women among the general public.

Veterinary telemedicine: A new era for animal welfare.

Telehealth is a rapidly developing field of veterinary medicine, particularly during and after the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The world and animal owners' expectations are changing to the point where veterinary practice will need to adapt due to information technology advancements. This narrative review describes the status, benefits, technology basics, applications, limitations, and legal aspects of veterinary telemedicine over the globe. Veterinary telemedicine is a service alongside other veterinary services that meets client needs, delivers quality medicine, and improves animal welfare. The most frequently utilized veterinary telemedicine applications include teleradiology, telesonography, teledentistry, telecardiology, telerehabilitation, anesthesia teleconsultation, telehospice and telepalliative care, telecytology, tele-endoscpy, teledermatology, tele-ophthalmology, tele-behavior therapy, and veterinary education and training. Veterinary telemedicine has a bright near future and will impact veterinary medicine and animal welfare due to its numerous advantages. These advantages include its low cost, availability, involvement in veterinary health care, online payment, and effectiveness in many clinical situations such as follow-up after an in-person examination, inspection of surgical sites, or mobility. Nevertheless, veterinary telemedicine should receive more attention from veterinary professional regulatory bodies in all countries. Moreover, it is necessary to conduct more studies to evaluate how telehealth is beginning to improve veterinary care, particularly for underserved regions.

Improving access to medicines to reduce marketing and use of substandard and falsified medicines in Africa: Scoping review.

Both constrained access to essential medicines and combatting marketing of substandard and falsified (SF) medicines are unmet health sector goals in Africa. To answer the question of how improved access can reduce the continuous surge of SF medicines in Africa. We conducted a scoping review based on standard protocol. We searched articles published in the English language from PubMed/Medline, Cochrane Library, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar by using a systematic search query. Seventy-one articles were included in this review. Access to quality essential medicines is still a major problem in developing countries in Africa and will continue as a threat for the next decade of health care. Ensuring access to quality medicines and preventing SF medicines in Africa need a systematic approach to address their underlying causes. Failure to ensure access to medicines is the major reason for the availability of SF medicines. Improving access to quality medicines can reduce SF medicine marketing and use. Manipulating the entire supply chain for efficiency, avoiding trade agreements that could reduce access, using compulsory licensing provisions, and pharmaceutical price control, providing incentives for drug development, and promoting rational use of medicines can improve access. Ensuring access to medicines and preventing SF medicine marketing cannot be achieved in the planned period in developing countries in Africa unless a comprehensive strategy is used. Improving access to quality medicines can reduce SF medicine marketing and use, that is, ensuring access through uninterrupted supply, improved efficiency, enhanced local production, preventing SF medicine entry, improved medication use system, and improved affordability. Therefore, it is essential to improve supply chain capability, address challenges of the supply chain, improve leadership and governance, establish country-specific anti-counterfeiting and anti-substandardization committees, and collaborate with all relevant stakeholders.

Anthocyanin Production from Plant Cell and Organ Cultures In Vitro.

Anthocyanins are water-soluble pigments found in plants. They exist in various colors, including red, purple, and blue, and are utilized as natural colorants in the food and cosmetics industries. The pharmaceutical industry uses anthocyanins as therapeutic compounds because they have several medicinal qualities, including anti-obesity, anti-cancer, antidiabetic, neuroprotective, and cardioprotective effects. Anthocyanins are conventionally procured from colored fruits and vegetables and are utilized in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. However, the composition and concentration of anthocyanins from natural sources vary quantitively and qualitatively; therefore, plant cell and organ cultures have been explored for many decades to understand the production of these valuable compounds. A great deal of research has been carried out on plant cell cultures using varied methods, such as the selection of suitable cell lines, medium optimization, optimization culture conditions, precursor feeding, and elicitation for the production of anthocyanin pigments. In addition, metabolic engineering technologies have been applied for the hyperaccumulation of these compounds in varied plants, including tobacco and arabidopsis. In this review, we describe various strategies applied in plant cell and organ cultures for the production of anthocyanins.

Nutraceutical and Medicinal Uses of Aloe Vera (Aloe barbadensis)

This article elucidates the medicinal and pharmacological properties of Aloe vera, a widely recognized plant that thrives in semi-arid climates found in tropical and subtropical areas. The potential medical, therapeutic, and nutritional nutraceutical applications of A. vera components are highlighted in this article. Plants are grown for their agricultural, medicinal, and decorative qualities when kept indoors in pots. Plants are an excellent source of chemical components that exhibit a broad range of biological functions. One of Aloe Vera's most bioactive polysaccharide, acemannane, is known to modulate immunity and have anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, bone-healing, neuroprotective, and intestinal health-promoting properties. Since the beginning of time, people have employed the mucilaginous gel created by the parenchymal cells in the aloe vera pulp for a number of therapeutic purposes. Aloe vera has been utilized as a nutraceutical for many years. This page highlights significant applications of A. vera components as medicines and therapeutic foods. Aloe vera gel showed the presence of over 200 phytochemicals. Aloe vera gel is taken from the plant's leaves, and the final goods must be stabilized and prepared using the proper processing methods.

Hubungan Antara Tingkat Pengetahuan dan Ketepatan Apoteker Dalam Mengelola Obat Sisa, Obat Rusak, dan Obat Kedaluwarsa di Apotek Malang Raya

Medicine is an important pharmaceutical component in health care field, the quality of medicine must be kept in a good condition until it used by patients. In this case the pharmacist has a stake in maintaining medicine’s quality through a proper drugs management. Pharmacists should have the knowledge and the appropriateness in the management of leftover, damaged and expired medicines to prevent the cumulation of medicine waste in the pharmacies and the community environment. Therefore, this research was conducted with the aim to find out the Correlation Between Pharmacists’ Level of Knowledge and Management of Unused, Damaged or Expired Medicines at Malang Raya Pharmacies. Analytical observational research method with cross sectional approach was carried out to 106 pharmacists who worked in the pharmacy of Malang Raya region. Sampling was carried out using clustered random sampling technique. Questionnaires that have passed the validity and reliability test were used as a measurement of the level of knowledge and the drugs management of the pharmacist. This study was approved by the Medical Research Ethics Committee of the Medical Faculty of Brawijaya University. Result of the average level of pharmacists’ knowledge was in the category of "good" with a value of 81.6%, but result of the appropriateness questionnaire with “how to store medicines properly” and “how to eliminate drugs properly” indicators, showed that there 100% of respondent were not appropriate. Correlation analysis between the level of knowledge and drugs management of the pharmacist, showed a significance value of 0.425. It was concluded from this study, that there was no correlation between the level of pharmacist knowledge with the management of unused drugs, damaged drugs and expired drugs in the Pharmacy area of Malang Raya Keywords: pharmacist, knowledge, leftover medicine, damage medicine, expired medicine

A Review on Phytochemical and Pharmacological Study of Herbal Medicinal Plant: <i>Abrus precatorious</i>

Herbal plants are those whose aromatic, medicinal, or nutritional qualities are highly valued. They have been utilized for innumerable years in conventional medicine and continue to be utilized as a natural alternative to conventional medicine. An extensive variety of herbal plants exist, each possessing distinct advantages. It is imperative to acknowledge that although herbal plants are generally regarded as secure, they may cause adverse effects or interactions with specific medications in some individuals. Be sure to seek the advice of a healthcare professional prior to utilizing herbal remedies. Abrus precatorious, possesses pharmacological properties that make it a promising candidate for the development of novel drugs, according to scientific research. Studies have shown, for instance, that extracts derived from the plant possess antibacterial, antitumor, and antidiabetic properties. A prevalent constituent of numerous tropical and subtropical ecosystems, especially in regions characterized by disturbed or degraded soils, is Abrus precatorius. It thrives in moist tropical forests and arid scrublands alike, and is renowned for its prolific development and ability to displace indigenous species. Abrus precatorius is therefore classified as an invasive species in numerous countries, such as Australia, Hawaii, and Florida. Nevertheless, due to its propensity for misuse, elevated toxicity, and invasive characteristics, this plant necessitates cautious handling and management. Pharmacological activities, chemical constituents, phytochemical analysis, and analytical techniques were the primary focuses of the present study.

TLC-fingerprinting and chemometrics for identification of Curcuma xanthorrhiza from different geographical origins in Indonesia

Abstract. Kartini K, Sabatini SS, Haridsa NM, Jayani NIE, Setiawan F, Hadiyat MA. 2023. TLC-fingerprinting and chemometrics for identification of Curcuma xanthorrhiza from different geographical origins in Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 6557-6566. Geographical origin is an important parameter that influences the quality of herbal medicine. The fingerprint of herbal plants is expressed as chemical compounds contributing to said quality. Curcuma xanthorrhiza, popular as java turmeric, is extensively used in Indonesian traditional medicine. This study aimed to validate and develop a Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) fingerprint of C. xanthorrhiza, followed by chemometric techniques to classify C. xanthorrhiza rhizomes from 15 regions in Indonesia. Under selected TLC conditions (i.e., stationary phase: TLC plate Silica gel 60 GF254, mobile phase: dichloromethane, chloroform, and ethanol (10: 10: 1), detection: vanillin-sulfuric acid reagent), C. xanthorrhiza produced five zones of the compound. Extracts were stable both on the TLC plate and in the extract solution during chromatography and within 60 minutes after derivatization. In terms of precision, the chromatogram meets the requirement of intraday precision. Chemometric analysis with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Cluster Analysis (CA) showed that the samples of C. xanthorrhiza from 15 regions in Indonesia were grouped into five clusters based on the similarity of the chemical compounds, namely cluster 1 (Tawangmangu, Bangkalan, Kediri, and Surabaya); cluster 2 (Batu, Sragen, Tulungagung, Pasuruan, Blitar, and Lombok Tengah); cluster 3 (Ngawi); cluster 4 (Gresik); and cluster 5 (Bojonegoro, Banyuwangi, and Palangkaraya). The TLC fingerprinting with chemometrics on C. xanthorrhiza rhizome is useful for quality control based on geographic origin and authenticity identification.

Development of industrial production technology with determination of the quality of a soft medicine «Vetmikoderm» for veterinary

It is well known, that 1,2,4–triazole derivatives have a wide range of biological properties, showing little toxicity. Original modeling of 1,2,4-triazole derivatives allows obtaining new molecules with unique properties. Such purposeful changes in molecules are popular among many scientists because they make it possible to obtain compounds with «improved» properties. Such a compound was the substance (4-((5-(decylthio)-4-methyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)-methyl)morpholine with the prospect of creating a mild medicinal product – liniment «Vetmikoderm».
 The main advantage of these medicinal forms is a low traumatic effect on damaged tissue, creating maximum contact with the wound surface, etc. It has been proven, that the antimicrobial agents available on the veterinary drugs’ market, including those ones in the form of ointments, gels and liniments, are characterized by the fact that they do not always stimulate tissue regeneration processes. Medicines with the ability to improve wound healing, as a rule, have minor antiseptic properties. Under these circumstances, the search, development and introduction of the medicines that have antimicrobial and antifungal action is an extremely urgent issue of modern veterinary medicine.
 The aim of our research was to study the technological aspects and manufacturing features, the substantiation of the composition, the analysis of the soft medicinal form of the drug «Vetmikoderm».
 During the research, the appearance, transparency, and thickness of the drug were determined. APHI identification was carried out with the determination of its content by the gas chromatography’s method. The external standard method was used. Microbiological purity (bacteria, yeast and mold fungi (in total), the presence of bacteria of the Enterobacteriaceae family, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) was determined in accordance with the requirements of the SPHU by the membrane filtration method. Sterile soy–casein agar was used to determine the total number of aerobic bacteria. Determination of harmlessness was carried out according to the «abnormal toxicity» indicator.
 On the basis of the conducted research, the technological aspects and manufacturing features, substantiation of the composition, quantitative and qualitative analysis of the «Vetmikoderm» liniment were determined, which ensures the possibility of the medicinal form’s obtaining in industrial conditions. The proposed methods of the medicinal form’s analysis are characterized by sensitivity and reproducibility.

Implementing Effective Care in a University Population Based on National Vaccination Recommendations.

Vaccines are among the most cost-effective and successful medical interventions, saving approximately 2.3 million lives annually. Unfortunately, vaccination coverage for adults remains low, leading to unnecessary and costly health consequences. An initial chart review revealed that 95% (N = 20) of students were not up to date with vaccines. In a patient survey, 100% of students (N = 21) did not recall receiving useful vaccine information, but 66.7% reported it would be helpful (≥4 of 5 on the Likert scale). Strategies supporting effective care, an Institute of Medicine quality domain, were used to address these gaps. The aim was to increase effective care in university adult students for vaccines by 30% over 90 days. The quality improvement method of Plan-Do-Study-Act cycles was used to evaluate iterative tests of change. Examining contextual elements, team and patient feedback, aggregate data, and run charts informed tests of change over 4 cycles. Core interventions included enhanced screening, vaccine shared decision-making, provider checklists, and a team engagement plan. Greater than 83% (N = 152) of students were not up to date with vaccines as per national guidelines. Over 8 weeks, the team effectively referred students for 265 of the 274 vaccines they were eligible for-an accuracy rate of 95.3%. The aim score, a mean composite score reflecting all 3 interventions, increased from 49% to 95%. Effective care for vaccine uptake increased by 83.8%-far exceeding the goal. Campus health centers and other primary care settings could benefit from adopting a similar strategy that provides clear benefits to patients and the broader community while decreasing health care costs.

Symptomatology of Fungal Diseases of Cultivated Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) in the Main Production Areas in Côte D’ Ivoire

Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is a plant widely recognized worldwide for its nutritional and medicinal qualities. However, its cultivation faces various challenges, including fungal diseases, which are responsible for significant losses. This study aims to assess the symptoms of diseases caused by fungi in ginger cultivation in Côte d’Ivoire. To achieve this, a phytosanitary survey was conducted in five major ginger production areas (Tiassalé, Hermankono, Koun-Fao, Soubré, and Bongouanou). The observed symptoms were described, and their prevalence and severity were evaluated. Subsequently, the fungi associated with these symptoms were isolated and identified. The results obtained allowed the identification of four different types of symptoms: chlorosis, necrosis, wilt, and leaf spot. All these disease symptoms were observed in all the ginger plots in the surveyed localities. The leaf spot symptom was the most frequently observed, with the highest prevalence of 87.15% in the Soubré area and a lower prevalence in Bongouanou which was 45.17%. Symptom severity varied by locality. Fourteen genera of fungi were isolated from symptomatic ginger leaves and stems. These included Aspergillus, Colletotrichium, Curvularia, Fusarium, Leptosphaeria, Penicillium, Pestalotiopsis, Pythium, Rhizoctinia, Rhizopus, Sclerotium, Trichoderma, and two unidentified genera, referred to as unknown 1 and unknown 2. The isolation frequencies of fungal genera varied by locality, with Fusarium having the highest isolation frequency among all the isolated fungi. This initial study on fungal diseases in ginger cultivation in Côte d’Ivoire could provide valuable insights for guiding control methods.

Review of Advanced Herbal Technology

The use of natural products in drug development and discovery is increasing. Their chemical diversity allows them to affect multiple targets simultaneously in complex systems. The past decade has seen notable technological advancements in the field of herbal medicine. The traditional foundations of ancient medicine can provide insight into the safety of natural medicines. Now is the time to make decisions about the safety of herbal medicines. The legal status and methods used to approve herbal medicines also vary from country to country. The evaluation standard for effectiveness, safety, and quality of herbal medicines are given by WHO. Advances in science and technology are pervasive in natural medicine products. To keep pace with these developments, numerous review articles have been written on the topic to provide a user-friendly platform for those new to this vast field

Exploring the cooperation between rehabilitation medicine and CAR-T cell therapy for enhanced cancer treatment

The most common cause of death worldwide is cancer, and the sophisticated and aggressive medications used to treat it can have serious side effects and limitations. Immunotherapy known as chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy has become a viable treatment option for some cancers, notably hematologic malignancies. However, it is linked to a number of adverse effects that may have a detrimental influence on patients' quality of life and access to care. Because it focuses on recovering patients' functional abilities and enhancing their quality of life rehabilitation medicine is essential to the treatment of cancer. This literature review aims to explore the cooperation between them to achieve better cancer treatment outcomes. This literature review will analyze and evaluate the literature on side effects of CAR-T Cell Therapy, the role of rehabilitation medicine in cancer treatment, and the rationale behind combining these two approaches for improved cancer treatment.

Foliar Silicon Application Enhances Medicinal Quality and Salt Tolerance of Two Licorice Species by Improving Their Growth, Physiological Characteristics, and Root Effective Components

Foliar Silicon Application Enhances Medicinal Quality and Salt Tolerance of Two Licorice Species by Improving Their Growth, Physiological Characteristics, and Root Effective Components