Medicine For Diabetes Mellitus Research Articles

Potential of Secondary Metabolite of Jasminum sambac as Diabetes Mellitus Medicine by Molecular Docking Method

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a non-infectious disease with a high prevalence in Indonesia. The study explored the potential of the phytochemical component of Jasminum sambac to treat DM. The potential of Jasminum. sambac as a candidate for DM therapy was demonstrated through in silico analysis using several databases and computer-aided drug discovery tools. The bioactive compounds analyzed were obtained from KnapSACK databases. The screening was done to find compounds by estimating bioavailability prediction on the SwissADME. The SwissTargetPrediction tool connects predictions of target proteins from compounds that pass screening to various probable proteins and utilizes the String-DB to show the network between target proteins and associated diseases. After finding the target protein, continue docking the chemical compound to the target protein using PyRx with AutoDock 4.2.6. The search results for the compounds in Jasminum sambac found nine active substances with good bioavailability. The results of the pharmacological network found four proteins associated with Jasminum sambac, among others: GCGR, GSK3B, PPARA, and PPARG. In addition, in-depth analysis was done on the molecular interactions that occurred, how these compounds bind the enzymes found in humans, and their potential to be inhibitors of diabetes mellitus. Proteins such as GCGR, GSK3B, PPARA, and PPARG bind to the compounds found in Jasminum sambac, such as (-)-alpha-cadinol and linalyl benzoate. Thus, it can be said that Jasminum sambac can have anti-diabetic activity.

KEARIFAN LOKAL DALAM PEMANFAATAN TUMBUHAN UNTUK MENGATASI PENYAKIT DIABETES MELLITUS OLEH PENGOBAT TRADISIONAL DI KECAMATAN AMBALAU KABUPATEN BURU SELATAN

Introduction: Diabetes is a condition in which metabolism is disrupted. The large number of people who live in rural areas, especially in areas that are difficult to reach (isolated), makes it difficult to implement even distribution of development results such as education and health. Method: This research is a form of descriptive qualitative research with an exploratory observational design. Results: There are 6 types of plants used as diabetes mellitus medicine, namely sugar apple, horse grass, suruhan, lantana, antawali and castor oil. The plant parts used as medicine for diabetes mellitus are leaves, herbs and stems. Conclusion: Annona squamosa, Panicum maximum, Peperomia pellucida, Lantana camara, Tinospora crispa and Jatropha curcas L plants have potential as diabetes mellitus drugs.

Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use Among Patients With Diabetes Mellitus in Saudi Arabia: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study.

Global studies have observed a disparity in the use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) among diabetic patients. To estimate the prevalence, types, and correlates of CAMuse among patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) in Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1290 Saudis with type 2 DM aged ≥18 years. An electronic questionnaire was distributed through social media to collect data about patient demographics and DM-related characteristics, including age at DM diagnosis, DM duration, family history of DM, DM complications, DM medicine, and chronic diseases. The use of CAM and its type, cost, and duration; sources of CAM-related information; reason for using CAM; usefulness and side effects; CAM use in the future; and doctor consultation before CAM use were also evaluated. Among CAM non-users, the reason for not using CAM and future considerations of CAM were assessed. A total of 1290 patients were included (27.4%) aged 18-29 years; 726 (56.3%) were women; 554 (42.9%) had a bachelor's degree in education; and 457 (35.4%) were unemployed. The prevalence of CAM use was 528 (40.9%). The most commonly used types were bitter apple 503 (95.3%), cinnamon 341 (64.6%), and ginger 290 (55.1%). The most frequent sources of CAM-related information were friends, families, and neighbors 259 (49.2%), while the most frequent justifications for use were the need for another DM treatment and faith in its advantages. Only 106 (20.1%) of the patients who used CAM disclosed adverse effects; 373 (51.8%) said they would use it again, and 66.1% said they would recommend it to other patients. Only 145 (27.5%) consulted a doctor before using CAM. CAM was more commonly used by patients who were older, women, married, and taking hypoglycemic drugs; whose most recent HbA1c level was 7-10%; and who had dyslipidemia, chronic disease, and a family history of DM. The prevalence of CAM use is high among the Saudi population. Analyzing CAM use is essential in clinical interactions with Saudis with DM. The managing healthcare professionals must educate patients with DM on how to use CAM more effectively and safely.

Heterogeneity and endotypes in type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Despite major advances over the past decade, prevention and treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) remain suboptimal, with large and unexplained variations in individual responses to interventions. The current classification schema for diabetes mellitus does not capture the complexity of this disease or guide clinical management effectively. One of the approaches to achieve the goal of applying precision medicine in diabetes mellitus is to identify endotypes (that is, well-defined subtypes) of the disease each of which has a distinct aetiopathogenesis that might be amenable to specific interventions. Here, we describe epidemiological, clinical, genetic, immunological, histological and metabolic differences within T1DM that, together, suggest heterogeneity in its aetiology and pathogenesis. We then present the emerging endotypes and their impact on T1DM prediction, prevention and treatment.

Effect of Pakkat (Calamus caesius blume) Ethanol Extract on Testis Tissues Histology of Diabetic Rats

Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by elevated blood sugar levels or chronic hyperglycemia. Diabetes has been shown to have an adverse effect on male and female reproductive function and its impact can be seen in the increasing prevalence of infertility. Pakkat is believed to be used as a medicine for diabetes mellitus. The chemical compounds contained in pakkat consist of flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids/steroids, saponins, tannins and glycosides which can be useful for lowering blood sugar levels.
 Aim: To investigate the effectiveness of pakkat extract on Sperm Count and Motility Sperm of Male Wistar Rats with Diabetes Mellitus.
 Methods: This study used a laboratory experimental design (true experiment) with a post test control group design only approach. The samples in this study were 25 diabetic rats that is grouped in 5 groups: control (-) group (NaCMC), control (+) group (metformin), Treatment Group I (extract dose of 125 mg/kgBW), Treatment Group II (extract dose of 250 mg/kgBW), Treatment Group III (extract at a dose of 500 mg/kgBW) given for 2 weeks.
 Results: The results obtained in this research show that extract of pakkat at doses of 125mg/kgBB and 250mg/kgBB after 2 weeks could increase the number and moltility of spermatozoa.
 Conclusion: Overall, it can be concluded of pakkat extract could increase the number and motility of spermatozoa of Male Wistar Rats with Diabetes Mellitus.

Wavelet Based Machine Learning Approaches Towards Precision Medicine in Diabetes Mellitus

It is estimated that 422 million people around the world have diabetes mellitus (DM)—a devastating, complex, and highly heterogeneous disease—requesting better interventions based on disease subtyping. In this research, we utilize the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) to decompose and denoise DM data. Using DWT, we enhance heart rate variability (HRV) based DM diagnosis, data visualization of the disparities in Human Microbiome Project (HMP) data (gut bacteria, metabolomics, proteomics, RNA sequencing, targeted proteomics, and transcriptomics data) using demographic features, and insulin resistance prediction. We also attempt to forecast continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) ahead by 90 minutes because CGM is unable to provide real‐time blood glucose measurements. We achieve 91.9% diagnosis accuracy for Type 1 DM using Random Forest on data transformed with DWT, holding the potential for usage in clinics. In addition, our DWT‐based t‐SNE and UMAP explorative analysis of HMP data support subtypes of prediabetic patients stratified by sex, race, and age. Moreover, DWT‐based transformations provide multi‐view clustering that any other methods would not provide on metabolomics, proteomics, RNA sequencing, targeted proteomics, and transcriptomics data and outperform those without DWT. Taken together, DWT‐based machine learning approaches enable a fine resolution of subtyping DM towards precision medicine.

VALUASI EKONOMI AREN (Arenga pinnata MERR) DI DESA KIYAP JAYA KECAMATAN BANDAR SEIKIJANG KABUPATEN PELALAWAN PROVINSI RIAU

Aren (Arenga pinnata Merr) was one of the non-wood forest products that could be used start from sap, fruit, palm fiber, stems, leaves, and roots. Almost all products have economic value. This research was to study the benefits and have the economic values in Kiyap Jaya Village, Bandar Sei Kijang District, Pelalawan Regency, Riau Province. This recearch used a qualitative descriptive method by using economic analysis by asking for market prices and obtaining productivity. The sugar palm parts that are truly utilized by the community are roomie, fruit, and roots. As for the fibers, the stems and leaves has not been maximally utilized. The sap was used as an alternative medicine for diabetes mellitus and kidney failure. The Fruit was useful as a mixture of food and roots that are used as a tonic and urinary stones. The total economic value in the Kiyap Jaya Village was Rp. 31,450,000 per stem in one year, which was the highest economic value in the room of Rp. 25,550,000 per-month.

EFFECTS OF BREADFRUIT LEAF ETHANOL EXTRACT ON IN VIVO LOWERING BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS

Breadfruit plant is traditionally used as a medicine for diabetes mellitus. Research has been conducted on the effects of ethanol extract of breadfruit leaves (Artocarpus altilis) against a decrease in the blood glucose levels of diabetic rats induced by allocation at a dose of 130 mg/kg bb. Breadfruit leaf ethanol extract (BLEE) is given orally at doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg BW for 20 days. The test was conducted by measuring the blood glucose levels of rats with the GOD-PAP method. The observed parameters are blood glucose levels, ED 5,0 and pancreatic histopathology. The results showed a percentage decrease in blood glucose levels of 38,785%, 39,918%, and 44,925% of BLEE with successive doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg BB that had significantly differences between groups (p<0.05). From the data obtained it can be concluded that BLEE 200 mg/kg BW has a decreased activity of blood glucose levels in which the pancreatic histopathology shows the improvement of endocrine cells islets of Langerhans almost perfect. Based on the percentage relationship of decreased blood glucose levels to dose, the effective dose (ED50) of BLEE is 329,341 mg/kg BW.

Evaluation of Antidiabetic Activity of Sargassum tenerrimum in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice

Diabetes mellitus has become the most predominant disease in most of the developing and developed countries. Diabetes could occur at any stage of life for which a change in sedentary life style is the possible solution. Despite the introduction of several medications, to curtail the side effects associated with diabetes mellitus, there is no medication or treatment for complete cure. Existing medications and treatments are targeted to mitigate the intensity of the disease which abruptly could result in organ failure. Rather than the available types of treatments, natural medication is reported to produce commendable results. Extracts of many medicinal plants and seaweeds have been documented to possess anti-diabetic properties. A brown alga, S. tenerrimum, found on the west coast of India, is chosen in this study to analyse the anti-diabetic property of its methanolic extract. This extract was used to treat streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. An experimental design was framed based on acute toxicity studies to determine the change in blood glucose level, body weight, lipid profile, liver enzymes (SGPT and SGOT) and the renal function markers (urea and creatinine). After 15 days of treatment, an increase in body weight and HDL cholesterol was observed while the total cholesterol, VLDL, LDL, serum triglyceride, SGOT, SGPT, creatinine and urea decreased with 250 mg/Kg.bw of S. tenerrimum methanolic extract in Streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice group. This difference is significant (p<0.05) when compared with a healthy non-diabetic mice group and a treated diabetic mice group. This proves that the methanolic extract of S. tenerrimum possess anti-diabetic property. Further research could explore the active compounds that can be used in the formulation of herbal medicine for diabetes mellitus.

Prospects for application of phytopreparations in the complex treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus

Diabetes mellitus (DM) occupies an important place in the structure of mortality, as well as among the causes of disability and deterioration in the quality of life of the population. In this regard, the study of phytopreparations is promising for practical medicine in order to identify new medicinal plants that actively affect metabolic processes to prevent complications of DM, and create new phytopreparations. That drugs could enhance the effect of sulfonamides and potentiate the effect of insulin, thereby reducing the dose of the latter, and it is important for long-term chronic diseases, such as DM.
 The aim. To study the prospects for the use of phytopreparations in the complex treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
 Materials and methods. The analytical, logical, generalization methods were used in the work. The analytical method of the study involved deepening the search for phytopreparations and the prospects for their use in the complex treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and generalization of the data obtained. The logical method of exploratory research of promising phytopreparations was applied in a certain logical sequence, as a result of which the specificity, stage-by-stage and generalization of the relevance of the use of phytopreparations in the complex treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus was provided for scientific research. The generalizing research method was to determine and prove the characteristics of phytopreparations (analysis and synthesis) and their advantages over synthetic drugs.
 Results and discussion. The main directions of herbal medicine for DM are associated with reproduction of the effects of insulin, normalization of glucose uptake, stimulation of regeneration of β-cells of the Langerhans islets, elimination of excess glucose from the body – phytopreparations with diuretic properties; elimination of hypoxia – phytopreparations-antihypoxants. In DM, herbal medicine will reduce the frequency of side effects in classical antidiabetic therapy. For any type of diabetes, herbal medicine is prescribed to patients as an improvement in the microcirculation of tissues, normalization of the functions of the cardiovascular and nervous systems, kidneys and eyes.
 Conclusions. Despite a wide range of drugs used to correct the hemodynamic and metabolic manifestations of the insulin resistance syndrome, they do not fully meet the needs of practical medicine due to the presence of pronounced side effects. In addition, the pharmaceutical market of herbal medicines is very limited and represented mainly by species of medicinal plants, which have certain inconveniences in their use. All this indicates the relevance of the search, creation and introduction of effective and, at the same time, low-toxic drugs based on the medicinal plant raw material into medical practice for the pharmacotherapy of type 2 diabetes and its complications

“Palashaˮ A Curative Medicine in Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes mellitus is a worldwide grave health problem challenging physicians globally. There are many factors that play role in the development of this disease, including environment, nutrition infection, genetic predisposition and side effect of modern drugs. Ayurveda refers to Diabetes mellitus as ―Madhumeha. Among the Ayurvedic texts Charka[1] , Vagbhata and Madhava have brought the word Madhumeha into use while, naming 20 subtypes of Prameha whereas Susruta has used the word Ksaudrameha. Madhu, and Ksaudra are literally synonyms of each other. But at a different place, Madhumeha‘ too has been used and Susruta has devoted one complete chapter to the treatment of Madhumeha. He has accepted Madhumeha to be the stage of complications of Prameha. If only the literal meaning of the words is to be seen Madhumeha‘ is the appropriate term for diabetes mellitus. The selected drug Palasha (Butea monosperma Linn. Kuntz) possesses Tikta, Kashaya rasaand has Pramehaghna properties and actions, therefore drug seems to be rational for treatment of Madhumeha. Palasha was proved to be useful and harmless remedy for Madhumeha. Today, it is a challenge for scientists to provide efficient, safe and cheap medications. In this scenario, Palasha can be an exclusive medicine which is widely available throughout country.

Hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, and hepatoprotective effects of Polyscias fulva (Hiern) Harms ethanolic bark extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats

Polyscias fulva (Hiern) Harms stem bark is used in traditional folk medicine in Kenya for diabetes mellitus and obesity management. This study sought to examine the antidiabetic effects of ethanolic stem bark extract of P. fulva in streptozotocin (STZ)–induced diabetic Wistar albino rats. Diabetes in rats was induced by intraperitoneal injection of STZ (50 mg/kg bwt) in experimental groups. Rats were divided into five groups (n = 5 per group): group 1, control; group 2, diabetic untreated rats; groups 3 and 4, diabetic rats on 200 and 400 mg/kg bwt/day of extract, respectively; and group 5, diabetic rats on metformin (100 mg/kg bwt/day). The rats received oral treatments daily for 21 days, and fasting blood glucose levels and body weights were determined weekly. Liver histopathological analysis and malondialdehyde (MDA) assay as well as serum analysis of lipid profile, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total proteins (TP), albumin (ALB), and globulins were performed at the end of the treatment period. Extract had significant hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects in the diabetic rats compared with diabetic untreated rats (p < 0.05). Serum levels of ALP, ALT, and AST were significantly lowered, while TP and ALB were elevated in the extract-treated diabetic rats compared with diabetic untreated rats. The levels of liver MDA of extract-treated rats were significantly lowered compared with those of the diabetic untreated group. Extract treatment reversed liver pathological changes observed in the diabetic untreated group. This study has provided insights into the potential of the stem bark of P. fulva as an alternative medicine for diabetes mellitus.

Protective Effect of Ipomoea batatas L Leaves Extract on Histology of Pancreatic Langerhans Islet and Beta Cell Insulin Expression of Rats Induced by Streptozotocin

Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L) leaf is one of well known vegetables among Indonesian people. It is also often used as traditional medicine for diabetes mellitus. This research aimed to investigate the protective effect of I. batatas L leaves extract on the pancreas of IDDM animal model. Twenty five male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 3 treatment groups, and 2 control groups. Streptozotocin (STZ) was injected at multiple low doses (40 mg/kg BW) intraperitoneally for 5 consecutive days, I. batatas L leaves extract (doses 0.25, 0.8, and 2.5 g/ kg BW) were administered for 14 days after the first STZ injection. Fasting blood glucose was analyzed after complete STZ induction (day 6), and after 14 days treatment. At the end of the study, rats were terminated, and pancreas were removed for histological examination and immunohistochemical procedure using anti-insulin antibody. Diabetic rats treated with 2.5 g/kg BW I. batatas L leaves extract showed lowest fasting blood glucose among treatment groups, and had approximately 50% normal Langerhans islets with functional beta cells. These results suggest that I. batatas L leaves extract has anti diabetic activity through its protection effect on the pancreas.

Unexplored Potential of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes is one of the most prevalent disease worldwide and is associated with one of the highest morbidities and mortality rates associated. Like the western and conventional medicines, Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has promising results in the ailment of diabetes and its associated complications. But still the use of TCM is refrained for further explorations due to inadequate knowledge of active pharmaceutical ingredient and its isolation. Thus, this review will highlight some of the key concepts and rational behind the therapeutic regimen of TCM aiming towards diabetes treatment. A detailed study of all the articles including research as well as reviews, which were available on the world wide web was performed. The review includes MEDLINE and EMBASE databases using keywords alone or in combinations, such as diabetes, diabetic complications, Chinese therapy, traditional chinese medicine, diabetic neuropathy, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic complications, α-amylase and several others. TCM collectively is an effective and comparatively safe in the treatment of diabetes mellitus and its associated complications. Significant results are seen in monotherapy and in combination therapy with current conventional drugs. The effects include controlling glycemic levels along with the mitigation of diabetes associated complications. Focus on clinical trials and further investigations might help in concluding TCM as one of the most effective and safe treatment therapies. TCM holds enormous potential by virtue of its mechanism of action by maintaining the homeostasis in the body and thereby exhibiting pharmacological action.

Executive opinion survey and analysis of diagnosis and treatment schemes of traditional Chinese medicine in diabetes mellitus complicated by sepsis

Objective To prospectively survey the well-known experts of critical care and endocrine secretion to summarize their experience in treating diabetes mellitus complicated by sepsis for the purpose of providing guidance of theory and practice in making treatment schemes of traditional Chinese medicine for such disease. Methods The questionnaires were designed and submitted to the experts. The statistic analysis was undertook to investigate the rules. Results A total of 30 questionnaires were released and 28 were retrieved. The experts generally believed that eight-principle syndrome differentiation was the most useful method in the syndrome differentiation and treatment of this disease. The heat, stasis and toxin were usually acted as the main pathogenic factors while damp and phlegm commonly act as secondary pathogenic factors. They thought that weak body resistance under the invading of evil was the key mechanisms in the deterioration of the disease and they chose clearing heat, activating blood and detoxication as 3 core treatment principles. Conclusions The summarized opinions from the experts should be act as important reference in treating this disease, but its effectiveness and possibility for further generalization need to be validated in the clinical practice. Key words: Sepsis; Diabetes mellitus; Syndrome differentiation and treatment; Questionnaire survey; Executive opinion

Pioglitazone strengthen therapeutic effect of adipose-derived regenerative cells against ischemic cardiomyopathy through enhanced expression of adiponectin and modulation of macrophage phenotype

BackgroundThe efficacy of cell transplantation in heart failure is reportedly modest, but adjuvant drugs combined with cell therapy may improve this efficacy. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ, one of the hypoglycemic medicine for diabetes mellitus, reportedly enhances cytokine production in adipose tissue-derived regenerative cells (ADRCs). We hypothesized that combined administration of PPARγ agonists and ADRCs may enhance the paracrine effects of adiponectin (APN), leading to functional recovery in a chronic myocardial infarction (MI) model.MethodsADRCs were isolated from adipose tissues of adult rats by gradient centrifugation and embedded in bio-compatible fibrin-glue to produce ADRCs grafts. In the in vitro study, the ADRCs grafts released APN, which was significantly enhanced by the PPARγ agonist (PGZ, pioglitazone). Transplantation of ADRCs grafts (group A), ADRCs mixed with PGZ (group AP), APN knockdown-ADRCs (group Si) or PGZ (group P) onto the epicardium or a sham operation (group C) was performed (n = 10–20 per group).ResultsThe AP group showed significant improvement in ejection fraction compared to that in the other groups. In the AP group, a significantly larger number of M2-polarized macrophages was detected and existed for a significantly longer duration in the infarct area. Furthermore, comparing Si group and P group, western blotting of T-cadherin revealed that exogenous APN and local expression of T-cadherin were essential to this histological change and recovery of cardiac function.ConclusionsCombined administration of PPARγ agonist and ADRSCs activated M2-polarized macrophages with enhancement of APN paracrine effects and lead to better cardiac function in a rat infarction model.

Preparation of pH-responsive metal chelate affinity polymer for adsorption and desorption of insulin

BACKGROUND Insulin is a medicine for diabetes mellitus that has a great market worldwide. This study focuses on the preparation of a pH-responsive metal chelated affinity polymer and the adsorption of insulin by this polymer. RESULTS The pH-responsive polymer was synthesized and zinc ions were attached to the polymers as the affinity polymer PMMDN-Zn2+ that could adsorb insulin. The molecular weight, isoelectric point (pI) which is the pH at which the net charge on the polymer is zero, and other characteristics of the polymers were determined. Circular dichroism spectroscopy was performed to analyze the interaction between the metal ions and insulin. The optimum adsorption conditions, including the time, pH, salt concentrations and insulin concentrations were investigated. The pI of the polymer was 3.41 and the recovery of the polymer was 97.5%. The maximum adsorption capacity of PMMDN-Zn2+ towards insulin was 162.3 mg insulin/g polymer. CONCLUSION This results suggest that this affinity polymer PMMDN-Zn2+ has significant potential for application on a large scale due to its high recovery rates and high adsorption capacity.

Compostos fenólicos da casca de Handroanthus heptaphyllus (Mart.) Mattos e efeitos do extrato aquoso no perfil lipídico, glicêmico e na lipoperoxidação em ratos diabéticos

RESUMO A preocupação com o tratamento do Diabetes mellitus (DM) leva a uma crescente busca por terapias alternativas, como o uso de plantas medicinais, entre as quais, destaca-se o uso de Handroanthus heptaphyllus (Mart.) Mattos (popular Ipê roxo). Neste estudo realizamos a investigação química da presença de compostos fenólicos em H. heptaphyllus e o efeito do tratamento com o extrato aquoso da casca desta planta em parâmetros bioquímicos e nos níveis de lipoperoxidação tecidual e plasmática em animais diabéticos. Metodologia: Ratos Wistar machos foram submetidos ao desenvolvimento do quadro de DM por meio da administração intraperitoneal (IP) de Aloxano monohidrato (150 mg/Kg IP). Após a confirmação de hiperglicemia (&gt;200 mg dL-1), os animais foram distribuídos nos grupos Diabético (D; n=6) e Diabético Tratado (DT; n=6). O tratamento consistiu na administração diária do extrato aquoso da casca de H. heptaphyllus via oral (v.o.) (150mg/Kg v.o.) por quatro semanas. O extrato aquoso foi analisado qualitativamente por cromatografia de camada delgada. Resultados: A análise qualitativa do extrato aquoso da casca indicou a presença de compostos fenólicos da subclasse flavonoides. O tratamento com o extrato aquoso reduziu a glicemia de jejum a partir da 3ª semana de tratamento, melhorou a resposta glicêmica à sobrecarga de glicose, diminuiu os níveis de triglicerídeos e índice LDL (Triglicerídeos/HDL). Estes resultados sugerem o uso terapêutico do extrato aquoso das cascas de H. heptaphyllus no tratamento do DM.

Personalized medicine in diabetes mellitus: current opportunities and future prospects

Diabetes mellitus affects approximately 382 million individuals worldwide and is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Over 40 and nearly 80 genetic loci influencing susceptibility to type 1 and type 2 diabetes, respectively, have been identified. In addition, there is emerging evidence that some genetic variants help to predict response to treatment. Other variants confer apparent protection from diabetes or its complications and may lead to development of novel treatment approaches. Currently, there is clear clinical utility to genetic testing to find the at least 1% of diabetic individuals who have monogenic diabetes (e.g., maturity-onset diabetes of the young and KATP channel neonatal diabetes). Diagnosing many of these currently underdiagnosed types of diabetes enables personalized treatment, resulting in improved and less invasive glucose control, better prediction of prognosis, and enhanced familial risk assessment. Efforts to enhance the rate of detection, diagnosis, and personalized treatment of individuals with monogenic diabetes should set the stage for effective clinical translation of current genetic, pharmacogenetic, and pharmacogenomic research of more complex forms of diabetes.

Human Genetics of Diabetic Cardiovascular Complications

Diabetic cardiovascular complications (DCC) affecting the important organ systems of human body - cardiovascular system contributes a major public health problem. There is evidence demonstrating that genetic factors contribute to the risk of DCC. Genetics variants, structural variants play important roles in the development of DCC. In addition, mitochondrial DNA plays critical roles in regulation of development of DCC. This review focused on the current knowledge of the genetic basis of DCC. Ultimately, identification of genes or genetic loci, and structural variants associated with DCC will be for the benefit of the development of personalized medicine in diabetes mellitus and it complications.