Salvia (Lamiaceae), one of the largest plant genera, was not monophyletic as originally circumscribed. To recognize Salvia as a monophyletic genus, five small genera have been placed within Salvia s.l. including the monotypic genus Zhumeria. Little is known about the floral biology of Salvia majdae (syn. Z. majdae), an aromatic medicinal shrub species endemic to dry montane areas in the Hormozgan Province in southern Iran. Floral and ecological features of the species are provided as a basis for more detailed discussion about its taxonomic treatment and conservation. S. majdae produces flowers in the axils of the uppermost leaves as racemes. Unlike most Salvia species, flowers are weakly monosymmetric and lack the typical upper lip that usually hides the pollen-sacs. Each flower has four protruding stamens, the abaxial pair is always fertile, and the adaxial one is mostly sterile. Anthers are bithecate and immobile, the connective is slightly widened but not separating the thecae from each other as in most Salvia species. A staminal lever mechanism is lacking and, contrary to most Salvia flowers, pollen is ventrally transferred. Floral longevity is about three days. Flowers are protandrous on the first day and present both pollen and receptive stigmas on the second day. Controlled pollination experiments confirm self-compatibility of the species. Butterflies, bees and flies visited flowers and were likely attracted by scent and the conspicuous, dark violet color of the flowers. Medium-sized bees (Anthophora spp.) are probably the main pollinators, but pollen transfer by bee flies and occasionally by butterflies cannot be excluded. A moderate pollen/ovule ratio (∼2600:1), high pollen viability (∼90%), relatively high fruit set (75%), and moderate seed set (51%) indicate that the species successfully reproduces sexually. Herbivores strongly contributed to reduced seed set as they destroyed parts of the reproductive organs. The presence of only few seedlings and young plants in the field suggests that environmental pressures are acting on the species demography. To protect the species, we recommend harvest reduction by local people, propagating the plant in nurseries for medicinal purposes, and restocking their natural habitat with young plants. Flower morphology of S. majdae differs considerably from those of its closest Salvia relatives. The species represents a number of plesiomorphic characters which may either represent the ancestral stage or a reversal evolved from a more derived Salvia flower. We discuss these alternatives pointing to the problems linked with the present taxonomic treatment of Salvia s.l.