Medicinal Plant Extracts Research Articles

Invitro Antimicrobial Properties of Gold Nanaoparticles Biosynthesized by Medicinal Plant Extracts: Croton Megalocarpus

Invitro Antimicrobial Properties of Gold Nanaoparticles Biosynthesized by Medicinal Plant Extracts: Croton Megalocarpus

Therapeutic potential of Chromolaena odorata, Vernonia amygdalina, and Cymbopogon citratus against pathogenic Bacteria

Antimicrobial resistance poses a global public health threat, compelling the search for alternative treatments, especially in resource-limited settings. The increasing ineffectiveness of traditional antibiotics has intensified the need to explore medicinal plants as viable therapeutic options. This study sought to compare the efficacy of certain medicinal plants used in Owerri, Nigeria, for treating pathogenic bacteria against traditional commercial antibiotics. We tested graded concentrations (25 mg/ml, 50 mg/ml, 75 mg/ml, and 100 mg/ml) of ethanolic extracts of Awolowo leaf (Chromolaena odorata), Bitter leaf (Vernonia amygdalina), and Lemon grass leaf (Cymbopogon citratus) against Salmonella spp, Klebsiella spp, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus employing the agar well diffusion method to measure zones of inhibition. Commercial antibiotics studied included: Pefloxacin, Gentamycin, Ampiclox, Zinnacef, Amoxicillin, Rocephin, Ciprofloxacin, Streptomycin, Septrin and Erythromycin, Sparfloxacin Amoxicillin, Augmentin, and Tarivid. Each experiment was conducted in triplicate to ensure accuracy and reproducibility. Results were analyzed descriptively and presented as mean zones of inhibition and standard deviations. One to three plant species exhibited antibacterial activities (zones of inhibition) across 25–100 mg/ml concentrations. In contrast, some or all antibiotics only exhibited antibacterial activities at 100 mg/ml concentration (none at 25–75 mg/ml concentrations). Zones of inhibition (10.3–14.1 mm) of all three plant species against E.coli and Klebsiella at 100 mg/ml concentration were higher than those of 8–10 antibiotics. C. odorata had shown high zones of inhibition of 11.8 and 11.0 mm against Salmonella spp. and S. aureus at 100 mg/ml concentration, which were higher than those of eight antibiotics. The other two plant species (C. citratus and V. amygdalina) had exhibited low zones of inhibition against Salmonella spp. and S. aureus, which were higher than those of 3 or 4 antibiotics at 100 mg/ml concentration. In general, the antibacterial activities of the three plant species across 25–100 mg/ml concentrations were higher than those of many antibiotics. To a large extent, the efficacy of medicinal plant extracts across different concentrations against bacterial strains was higher than that of many antibiotics. Those plant species have therefore shown some potential to be used as alternative or complementary therapeutics to antibiotics in addressing antibiotic resistance. Since the promising findings were based on an in vitro study, we recommend clinical trials to establish safe and effective doses of those plant extracts in humans.

Prospects of Plant Derived Bioactive Compounds as Nanoparticles for Biotechnological Applications.

Nanoparticles bestow beneficial impacts on plants, specifically in increasing photosynthetic capacity and germination rate, pesticide delivery, managing pathogenicity and enhancing nutrient supply. The nanoparticles produced from the medicinal plant extracts are identified as an exceptional applicant in nanomedicine, cosmetics, and agriculture for the treatment of diseases as antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticancer agents, etc. Plant extracts actually have bioactive metabolites that provide therapeutic potential against a variety of diseases. Herein, we review the production of bioactive compounds from leaves, roots, seeds, flowers and stems. We further summarize the different methods for obtaining plant extracts and the green technologies for the synthesis of nanoparticles of plant derived bioactive compounds. Biotechnological aspects of these synthesized nanoparticles are also added here as highlights of this review. Overall, plant derived nanoparticles provide an alternative to conventional approaches for drug delivery as well and present exciting opportunities for future research on novel areas.

In Vitro Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Twelve Myanmar Medicinal Plant Extracts via Anti-Protein Denaturation and Membrane Stabilization Effect

In Vitro Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Twelve Myanmar Medicinal Plant Extracts via Anti-Protein Denaturation and Membrane Stabilization Effect

Comparative Study of Preservation Methods for Berberis Lycium Juice: A Laboratory Approach at Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal, Dir Upper, Pakistan

This study examines the effects of diverse preservation techniques on the shelf life, nutritional importance, microbiological safety, and sensory behavior of Berberis lycium juice. These techniques consist of vacuum sealing, freezing, refrigeration, and adding natural preservatives such as sugar and honey. Berries were harvested from Pakistan's Upper Dir highlands and turned into juice in a lab. Samples were stored and examined using each technique at intervals of 7, 10, 13, 16, 19, 21, 24, 27, and 30 days. Microscopy was used to inspect microbial development, and other parameters like pH, TSS, ascorbic acid concentration, microbial load, and sensory attributes were assessed. For long-standing preservation, vacuum sealing and refrigeration were not as much of successful as freezing, which deeply enhanced microbiological safety and sensory quality, predominantly when paired with honey or sugar. Three days passed previous to the control sample going bad. The study concludes that the best way to preserve Berberis lycium juice is by freezing it with natural preservatives. An evergreen plant aboriginal to the Himalayan region, Berberis lycium belongs to the Berberidaceae family. It has long been utilized for food and medicine, as well as for its roots, bark, stems, leaves, and fruits. The plant is well-identified in Ayurvedic medicine for its capability to prevent harm to the liver, abdomen, skin, cough, and eyes. Pharmacological research highlights its hepatoprotective, anticarcinogenic, antipyretic, hypoglycemic, and hyperlipidemic characteristics. The fruits which are consumed in raw or processed into juices, jams, and preserves by local communities, are profuse in vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, and anthocyanins. An impression of the plant's many qualities is the target of this paper. Berberis lycium and other plants take action as biosynthetic laboratories for substances that are superior for human health. Medicinal plant extracts habitually exhibit antibacterial action, productively preventing the enlargement of bacteria and fungi.

Antioxidant and Anti-Aging Activity of 20 Medicinal Plant Extracts

Antioxidant and Anti-Aging Activity of 20 Medicinal Plant Extracts

Revolutionizing Herbal Extracts by Nanotechnology Approaches for Enhanced Delivery and Efficacy

Recent advances in nanotechnology have revolutionized medicine by enabling innovative drug delivery systems and treatment strategies. For centuries, medicinal plants have been considered the cornerstone of traditional medicine due to their diverse biological functions, attributed to the natural compounds they contain. Approximately 75% of the global population currently relies on medicinal plant extracts or formulations to address health issues, benefiting from their antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. Integrating herbal medicine with modern nanotechnology offers exciting opportunities to enhance therapeutic efficacy, enabling more targeted and efficient treatments. Nanoformulation techniques, which embed active compounds within nanostructures such as nanoparticles, nanocapsules, and nanogels, enhance herbal extracts' delivery, stability, and bioavailability. These methods address limitations in traditional drug delivery by reducing particle size to the nanoscale, thereby improving absorption, distribution, and efficacy. Furthermore, innovative encapsulation techniques, significantly enhance the therapeutic potential of herbal extracts. By merging traditional herbal medicine with modern nanotechnology, researchers aim to unlock new disease prevention and management strategies, promoting safer and more effective medical treatments. This mini-review focuses on various aspects of encapsulating herbal extracts in nanocarriers and their effectiveness in enhancing the activity of these extracts.Keywords: Nanoformulations, Nanoencapsulation, Herbal extracts, Therapeutic effects

In Vitro Efficacy of Some Medicinal Plant-Extracts Against Curvularia lunata Causing Blight Disease of Solanum nigrum L.

Fungi are both harmful and beneficial to plants they are the causative agents of many plant diseases through the use of diverse strategies. Sometimes they kill their host plants thus there is a need to control the fungi for proper growth and development of plants. Curvularia lunata (Wakker) Boedijn is a causative pathogen of many medicinal plant diseases, especially leaf spot and blight disease of Solanum nigrum L. The present study was conducted to determine the inhibitory effects of six selected medicinal plant extracts viz. Ocimum sanctum L., Solanum melongena L., Bergera koenigii L., Calotropis gigantean (L.) W.T.Aiton, Justicia adhatoda L., Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Wall. ex Nees against mycelial growth of Curvularia lunata. Both ethanolic extract and aqueous extract show significant inhibition of tested pathogenic fungi as compared to control.

High amylose maize starch can produce an inclusion complex with extract of medicinal plants of Amphipterygium adstringent

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveThe interaction between starch and polyphenol would increase the bioaccessibility of those bioactive compounds. Previous studies have been conducted with pure polyphenols, but the use of medicinal plants, rich in bioactive compounds, able to complex with starch, is growing. The present study aimed to analyze the complex formation between the extract of a medicinal plant (Amphipterygium adstringent, AA) and high amylose starch (HA). The total polyphenol content (TPC), and antioxidant capacity (AC), besides X‐ray diffraction pattern, differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and starch hydrolysis rate were evaluated in the AA‐HA and compared with those of the complex gallic acid (GA)‐HA.FindingsThe AA‐HA complex had higher TPC than GA‐HA, despite their rather similar AC. The increased crystallinity and short‐range order of the HA confirmed the formation of the complex with AA. This complex required higher enthalpy (2.0 J/g) than its respective HA control (0.52 J/g) for the gelatinization and the in vitro starch hydrolysis suggests the formation of resistant starch.ConclusionThe extract of medicinal plants can form complexes with amylose, which has antioxidant properties, besides increasing the resistant starch.Significance and NoveltyComplex formation between HA and extract of medicinal plants is feasible for increasing the release of the bioactive compounds after digestion.

Antioxidant and antibacterial activity of root extracts of Georgian medicinal plants obtained using different extraction methods

This study was designed to investigate the impact of different extracting solvents (methanol and DMSO) on the biological activities of root extract of Paeonia daurica subsp. mlokosewitschii (Lomakin) D. Y. Hong and Sempervivum transcaucasicum Muirhead. In vitro assessment of the antioxidant activity of extracts was performed using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH assays), while their antibacterial activity was tested against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 strain. The analysis of the obtained results revealed that the highest anti-DPPH potential and the highest antibacterial activity were achieved in the methanolic root extracts of both plants. The methanolic root extracts of Paeonia daurica subsp. mlokosewitschii exhibited significantly higher antioxidant and antibacterial activities in comparison with Sempervivum transcaucasicum root extracts. The results of the study indicated the possible use of root extracts of Paeonia daurica subsp. mlokosewitschii in pharmacy.

Determination of in vitro Antioxidant, Anticholinergic, and Antiepileptic Activities of some Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Extracts

Medicinal and aromatic plants such as Crocus cancellatus, Scilla Siberica subsp. armena, Juniperus oxycedrus subsp. oxycedrus and Anthriscus nemorosa have many different biological activities. While antioxidants are significant in preventing many diseases, inhibition of metabolic enzymes is also effective in preventing many diseases. In this study, antioxidant activities of water, ethanol, and dichloromethane extracts of four different medicinal and aromatic plant species were determined by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) and 2,20-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS•+) radical scavenging and Cu2+, Fe+3, and Fe3+-2,4,6-tris(2-pyridyl)-S-triazine (TPTZ) reducing assays. Enzyme inhibition studies were performed with metabolic enzymes acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, carbonic anhydrase I and II isoenzymes. The ethanol extract of A. nemorosa showed the highest activity in DPPH and ABTS assays (IC50: 17.36 µg mL-1, IC50: 7.02 µg mL-1). In the Fe3+ reducing assay, the dichloromethane extract of A. nemorosa showed the highest activity (1.96±0.060 µg mL-1). In the Cu2+ reducing assay, the dichloromethane extract of J. oxycedrus showed the highest activity (1.773±0.066 µg mL-1). In the Fe3+-TPTZ reducing assay, the ethanol extract of S. siberica showed the highest activity (1.256±0.011 µg mL-1). In the enzyme inhibition results, it was determined that all plants and all extracts inhibited the enzymes studied. As a result of this study, it was determined that these four medicinal and aromatic plants have high biological activities.

The combined effect of medicinal plant extract and sulfonylurea agent: a preliminary study to evaluate anti-diabetic potential in experimental animals

Chronic metabolic diseases like diabetes mellitus have a huge terrible effect on a society's health and monetary system. because there are various issues with the treatment this is now available. it is important to search for trade remedies. A aggregate of natural and allopathic remedy can be an effective remedy as an possibility to available treatment. therefore, the purpose of this take a look at have turn out to be to take a look at the combination anti-diabetic outcomes of Glibenclamide and “aloe vera” extract in experimental animals. The antihyperglycemic pastime turned into assessed using an oral glucose tolerance take a look at and diabetes brought about using manner of the use of streptozotocin (STZ) & excessive fat weight loss plan (HFD) version in rats. Wister rats were divided into 5 organizations. business enterprise I was dealt with with a normal pallet diet regime. group II come to be given HFD and streptozotocin. employer III has come to be given HFD &Streptozotocin and treated with Glibenclamide. organization IV was modified into given HFD & Streptozotocin and dealt with with “aloe vera” extract. agency V modified into given HFD & Streptozotocin and handled with a way containing “aloe vera” extract and Glibenclamide. Physiological parameters which incorporate body weight and biochemical parameters consisting of blood glucose, HbA1c level, lipid profiles, and oxidative strain parameters collectively with glutathione (GSH) & malondialdehyde (MDA) degree were used to assess the antidiabetic potential of a method containing “aloe vera” extract and glibenclamide. approach containing “aloe vera” extract and Glibenclamide. device containing “aloe vera” extract and Glibenclamide has a good-sized effect in controlling blood glucose ranges. lower in HbA1c degree, and lipid profiles (besides HDL stage)verify effective anti-diabetic remedy of the test system. similarly, massive adjustments in GSH & MDA tiers propose a functionality synergistic anti-oxidant impact of the mixed remedy. the existing take a look at observed out that a technique containing “aloe vera” extract and Glibenclamide confirmed a good sized antidiabetic ability, via the reversing of hyperlipidemia, and oxidative pressure fame in non-diabetic & diabetes rats.

The use of biologically active substances of peptide nature in medicine

One of the promising directions in preventive medicine in the region is the use of biologically active additives (dietary supplements). Such complexes are concentrated sources of various biologically active substances, such as vitamins, minerals, amino acids, extracts of medicinal plants and others. Numerous studies demon strate that a number of components of biologically active nutrient complexes are able to have a positive effect on the mental state of a person, affecting various mechanisms underlying mental functions. This review is devoted to the consideration of the main mechanisms of action of biologically active additives, ensuring their beneficial effect on human mental health.

Antimicrobial activity of Ruta angustifolia L. Pers against periodontal pathogen: Porphyromonas gingivalis.

Porphyromonas gingivalis is widely recognised as a periodontal pathogen. In recent years, there has been growing interest in the use of medicinal plant extracts as alternative treatments for periodontitis to combat the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Ruta angustifolia L. Pers has been traditionally used to treat various ailments, including oral bacterial infections. However, the antimicrobial potential of R. angustifolia extracts against the periodontal pathogen P. gingivalis remains unexplored. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial activity of R. angustifolia extracts against P. gingivalis. The antimicrobial activity of R. angustifolia extracts (crude methanol, hexane and chloroform fractionated extracts) against P. gingivalis was evaluated using the well diffusion method. Additionally, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined. Biofilm biomass assessment and live/dead cell viability assays were performed to analyse the effect of R. angustifolia extracts. Ultrastructural morphological changes in P. gingivalis cells were determined using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). It was found that P. gingivalis was susceptible to R. angustifolia extracts, with the chloroform fractionated extract exhibiting the highest inhibition zones. The MIC and MBC of chloroform fractionated extract were determined to be 6.25 mg/mL which substantially reduced P. gingivalis biofilm biomass. Live/dead cell viability assays showed the highest percentage of dead P. gingivalis cells after 48 h of incubation. FE-SEM confirmed that the chloroform fractionated extract effectively damaged the bacterial cell wall and altered the ultrastructural morphology of P. gingivalis. The results indicated that extracts of R. angustifolia has the potential to be used as an alternative treatment in addition to conventional periodontal therapies.

A Screen of Traditional Chinese Medicinal Plant Extracts Reveals 17 Species with Antimicrobial Properties.

Background/Objectives: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing threat that undermines the effectiveness of global healthcare. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the World Health Organization have identified numerous microbial organisms, particularly members of the ESKAPEE pathogens, as critical threats to global health and economic security. Many clinical isolates of these pathogens have become completely resistant to current antibiotics, making treatment nearly impossible. Herbal remedies, such as those found in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), have been practiced for thousands of years and successfully used to treat a wide range of ailments, including infectious diseases. Surprisingly, despite this extensive knowledge of folk medicine, no plant-derived antibacterial drugs are currently approved for clinical use. As such, the objective of this study is to evaluate the antimicrobial properties of extracts derived from TCM plants. Methods: This study explores a comprehensive library comprising 664 extracts from 132 distinct TCM plant species for antimicrobial properties against gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and gram-positive (Micrococcus luteus) bacteria using liquid and solid in vitro assays. Results: Intriguingly, our results reveal 17 plant species with potent antimicrobial properties effective primarily against gram-positive organisms, including Streptococcus aureus and epidermidis. A literature search revealed that nearly 100 purified compounds from the identified TCM plants were previously isolated and confirmed for their antimicrobial properties, collectively inhibiting 45 different bacterial species. Conclusions: Our results indicate that phytobiotics from the identified plants could serve as potential candidates for novel antimicrobials.

Advancing the Physicochemical Properties and Therapeutic Potential of Plant Extracts Through Amorphous Solid Dispersion Systems.

Plant extracts demonstrate significant potential as a rich source of active pharmaceutical ingredients, exhibiting diverse biological activities and minimal toxicity. However, the low aqueous solubility of extracts and their gastrointestinal permeability, as well as their poor oral bioavailability, limit clinical advancements due to drug delivery problems. An amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) delivers drugs by changing an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) into an amorphous state to increase the solubility and availability of the API to the body. This research aimed to analyze and summarize the successful advancements of ASD systems derived from plant extracts, emphasizing characterization and the effects on dissolution and pharmacological activity. The results show that ASD systems improve phytoconstituent dissolution, bioavailability, and stability, in addition to reducing dose and toxicity. This research demonstrates the significance of ASD in therapeutic formulations to augment the pharmacological activities and efficacy of medicinal plant extracts. The prospects indicate promising potential for therapeutic applications utilizing ASD systems, alongside medicinal plant extracts for clinical therapy.

Pros and Cons of Cardiovascular Herbal Therapy: Molecular Docking, ADMET, Physiological and Pharmacological Significance

Introduction: For a long period, traditional medicine has held a crucial role in maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis. However, very few scientific studies have investigated and reported information on the mechanism by which these plants act through their active ingredients. Presently, there is consideration for utilizing computer-assisted methods to incorporate predictive and dependable data in addition to experimental findings. Objective: The objective of this review article was to furnish information on medicinal plant extracts that have undergone experimental testing to assess their cardioprotective properties Methods: Thus, eleven phytomolecules have been chosen based on their bioactivity scores and their belonging to medicinal plants frequently used in traditional medicine. Molecular docking analyses were carried out using Autodock Vina v1.5.7, and were performed to research the molecular pathway attributed to the effects of phytoconstituents extracted from medicinal plants known for their therapeutic effects against cardiovascular alterations. Computer ADME/toxicity studies were also performed to estimate the physiological and pharmacological signification of each phytomolecule. Results: The results showed that selected phytomolecules exert considerable therapeutic potential on different cardiovascular levels through activation, inhibition, and modulation of cellular factor's expressions, all leading to cardiac muscle protection against stressful attacks. ADMET analysis showed that all phytomolecules selected responded to drug-likeness according to Lipinski's rule of five and the possibility of developing medicines, taking into account the dose used for each phytoconstituent. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that various medicinal plants possess significant therapeutic potential at multiple cardiovascular levels through a series of vital processes, including activation, inhibition, and modulation of diverse cellular component expression.

A Comprehensive Review: Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles Greatly Improve Pharmacological Effectiveness of Phytoconstituent in Plant Extracts.

Medicinal plants are increasingly being explored due to their possible pharmacological properties and minimal adverse effects. However, low bioavailability and stability often limit efficacy, necessitating high oral doses to achieve therapeutic levels in the bloodstream. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) offer a potential solution to these limitations. Due to their large surface area, substantial pore volume, and ability to precisely control pore size. MSNs are also capable of efficiently incorporating a wide range of therapeutic substances, including herbal plant extracts, leading to potential use for drug containment and delivery systems. Therefore, this review aimed to discuss and summarize the successful developments of herbal plant extracts loaded into MSN, focusing on preparation, characterization, and the impact on efficacy. Data were collected from publications on Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases using the precise keywords "mesoporous silica nanoparticle" and "herbal extract". The results showed that improved phytoconstituent bioavailability, modified release profiles, increased stability, reduced dose and toxicity are the primary benefits of this method. This review offers insights on the significance of integrating MSNs into therapeutic formulations to improve pharmacological characteristics and effectiveness of medicinal plant extracts. Future prospects show favorable potential for therapeutic applications using MSNs combined with herbal medicines for clinical therapy.

Investigating the Antimicrobial Properties and Pigmentation of Several Medicinal Plants on Antibiotic-Resistant <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i>

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial properties and pigmentation effects of several medicinal plants on antibiotic-resistant Salmonella typhimurium. Methods: Medicinal plant extracts were prepared using ethanol as a solvent, and the antimicrobial activity was assessed by measuring the diameter of the inhibition zones using the microdilution method. The pigmentation effect of the plant extracts, indicated by pink coloration, was evaluated using an ELISA reader. Results: The findings showed that the maximum inhibition zone diameter for Nannorrhops ritchiana ethanolic extract was 8 mm, while the minimum was 1 mm. For Ficus religiosa leaves, the maximum inhibition zone was 15 mm, and the minimum was 2 mm. The inhibition zone for musk ranged from 1 mm (minimum) to 18 mm (maximum). Capparis spinosa L. fruits exhibited an inhibition zone diameter of 15 mm. Conclusions: The results indicate that medicinal plants possess significant inhibitory effects against Salmonella typhimurium and can be considered potential treatments for infections caused by this bacterium.

Medicinal Plants Extract for the Bio-Assisted Synthesis of Ag/AgCl Nanoparticles with Antibacterial Activity

Medicinal Plants Extract for the Bio-Assisted Synthesis of Ag/AgCl Nanoparticles with Antibacterial Activity