Field Of Medicine Research Articles

Maltodextrin vitamin E succinate: A novel antioxidant emulsifier for formulating functional nanoemulsions

A new multifunctional emulsifier was synthesized by coupling maltodextrin with a dextrose equivalent of 19 to vitamin E succinate. Two emulsifiers with varying degrees of vitamin E succinate substitution were prepared based on different mass ratios of vitamin E succinate to maltodextrin. The molecular structure and purity of these emulsifiers were analyzed. Nanoemulsions were prepared using octenyl succinic anhydride modified starch as a control to investigate the physical stability, antioxidant capacity, oxidative stability, and in vitro simulated digestive properties of the nanoemulsions. The emulsifying and antioxidant activity of the maltodextrin-vitamin E succinate conjugate was significantly superior to that of octenyl succinic anhydride modified starch, demonstrating good physical and oxidative stability. Additionally, they were rapidly digested under simulated small intestinal conditions. This new emulsifier shows broad application potential for the encapsulation, protection, and delivery of hydrophobic bioactive substances in the fields of medicine, food, and healthcare products.

Analysis of Clinical Pharmacsology Research Publication in Doping and Anti-Doping: A Scientometric Study

The importance of medical professionals like clinical pharmacologists in the field of sport medicine lies in their expertise in doping and anti-doping. There is a need to identify the expertise globally and understand the pattern of research being done in this area. This helps for future collaborative and combined policies, irrespective of any borders. The purpose of this study was to conduct a scientometric examination of bibliographic facts linked to clinical pharmacology in doping and antidoping, and data from PubMed was retrieved between January 2012 and January 2021. This study looked at scientometric approaches such as frequency distribution, percentage analysis, relative growth rate and doubling time, and level of collaboration. During the research period, we acquired a total of 65 articles, and a maximum of 13 (20%) were contributed in the year 2021. The relative growth rate is declining, and the doubling time was increasing between 2014 and 2021. This will be the first scientometric analysis done on the topic to best of our knowledge, and this study will act as a document for further research on the topic.

Efficient production of spermidine from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens by enhancing synthesis pathway, blocking degradation pathway and increasing precursor supply.

Spermidine has broad application potential in food, medicine and other fields. In this study, a novel Bacillus amyloliquefaciens cell factory was constructed for production of spermidine from renewablebiomass resources. Firstly, the speB gene was found to be optimal for synthesis of spermidine, and the function of SpeB was explained by amino acid sequence analysis and molecular docking. By replacing the native promoter of the speEB operon with the P43, the synthesis of spermidine was significantly enhanced in B. amyloliquefaciens HSPM1-P43speEB. After knockout of the genes yobN and bltD associated with spermidine degradation, the spermidine titer of the strain HSPM2 was further improved to 115.96 mg/L, increased by 108 % compared to HSPM1-P43speEB. Subsequently, the titer of spermidine was further increased to 277.47 mg/L through enhancing the supply of the precursor methionine by overexpression of speD. Finally, the renewable biomass resources, xylose and feather meal were optimized to produce spermidine, and the maximum titer is up to 588.10 mg/L after optimization. In conclusion, an efficient spermidine producing B. amyloliquefaciens was constructed through combinatorial metabolic engineering strategies, and the sustainable production of spermidine was achieved using the biomass resources of xylose and feather meal.

Preparation methods, structural features, biological activities and potential applications of Ophiopogon japonicus polysaccharides: An updated review.

Ophiopogon japonicus (O. japonicus) has a history of thousands of years as herbal medicine and nutritional food in China. Polysaccharides are one of the main bioactive components of O. japonicus. Various extraction methods and purification techniques have been employed to obtain O. japonicus polysaccharides (OJPs). Nevertheless, the structural characteristics of OJPs remain incompletely understood and require further investigation through the integration of advanced analytical techniques to uncover potential structure-activity relationships. Moreover, OJPs exhibit a variety of biological activities, such as regulating gut microbiota, providing cardiovascular protection, lowering blood glucose, and combating obesity. These diverse pharmacological effects make OJPs highly promising for widespread application in industries such as pharmaceuticals and food. Therefore, this review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of OJPs, covering their preparation methods, structural features, bioactivity, and structure-activity relationships. Here also emphasizes the significant promise of medicine and functional foods fields and advocating for their integration into clinical and industrial processes.

Cell therapy: A beacon of hope in the battle against pulmonary fibrosis.

Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a chronic and progressive interstitial lung disease characterized by abnormal activation of myofibroblasts and pathological remodeling of the extracellular matrix, with a poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Lung transplantation is currently the only approach that can extend the life expectancy of patients; however, its applicability is severely restricted due to donor shortages and patient-specific limitations. Therefore, the search for novel therapeutic strategies is imperative. In recent years, stem cells have shown great promise in the field of regenerative medicine due to their self-renewal capacity and multidirectional differentiation potential, and a growing body of literature supports the efficacy of stem cell therapy in PF treatment. This paper systematically summarizes the research progress of various stem cell types in the treatment of PF. Furthermore, it discusses the primary methods and clinical outcomes of stem cell therapy in PF, based on both preclinical and clinical data. Finally, the current challenges and key factors to consider in stem cell therapy for PF are objectively analyzed, and future directions for improving this therapy are proposed, providing new insights and references for the clinical treatment of PF patients.

Reimagining Physician Assistant Education: Championing Cognitive Diversity to Promote Inclusivity, Neurodiversity Awareness, and a Sense of Belonging.

Neurodiversity, encompassing conditions such as autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and dyslexia, represents a significant and often under-recognized segment of the population, including within science, technology, engineering, mathematics, and medicine fields like medicine. Neurodiverse individuals possess unique skills, including enhanced creativity, analytical thinking, and meticulous attention to detail, which are valuable in health care professions. However, failure to recognize and support these individuals can result in missed opportunities, social isolation, and mental health challenges. Despite a growing emphasis on diversity, equity, inclusion, and belonging in higher education, neurodiversity is frequently overlooked, particularly in physician assistant (PA) education. This article examines the unique challenges faced by neurodiverse PA student learners and the existing literature gap regarding neurodiversity in PA education. It underscores the need for greater awareness, reduced stigma, and improved support systems. Recommendations include integrating neurodiversity into the PA curriculum, providing faculty training on inclusive teaching practices, and establishing tailored accommodations to foster a sense of belonging. PA programs can foster a more equitable health care system by creating inclusive learning environments that acknowledge and cater to the unique needs of neurodiverse student learners, thereby enhancing student-faculty interactions and promoting academic success. The aim of this article was to facilitate the reimagining of PA education to champion cognitive diversity. By promoting a more inclusive learning environment, PA programs can cultivate future clinicians who are better equipped to serve diverse patient populations.

Gene mining, recombinant expression and enzymatic characterization of N-acetylglucosamine deacetylase

Abstract Objectives Glucosamine (GlcN) is an important bioactive substance that is widely used in medicine, dietary supplements, cosmetics, and other fields. The traditional method of producing GlcN is mainly through chitosan hydrolysis catalyzed by strong acid, but this process is usually accompanied by environmental pollution and high energy consumption. Therefore, the development of green and efficient production methods of glucosamine has become the focus of current research. Methods In this study, N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) was used as the substrate to facilitate the enzymatic synthesis of GlcN by deacetylase. Four deacetylases (TkDAc, PkDAc, PpDAc and AbDAc) were selected from marine thermophilic microorganisms, and Escherichia coli (E. coli) was used as the host for recombinant expression. Results The soluble expression of PpDAc was poor, so several groups of solubilizing labels were tried, and the results showed that the soluble expression of recombinant plasmid ArsC-PpDAc carrying pro-solubilization labels was greatly improved. Conclusions The effects of temperature and pH on enzyme activity were investigated by single factor analysis. Kinetic parameters further revealed that ArsC-PpDAc exhibited the highest catalytic activity, with a Kcat/Km value of 7.29, and achieved a conversion rate of over 95 %. The condition of ArsC-PpDAc was optimized, and the results showed that ArsC-PpDAc showed good tolerance to organic solvents, and its catalytic activity was not significantly affected.

Bayesian method for comparing F1 scores in the absence of a gold standard

ABSTRACT In the field of medicine, evaluating the diagnostic performance of new diagnostic methods can be challenging, especially in the absence of a gold standard. This study proposes a methodology for assessing the performance of diagnostic tests by estimating the posterior distribution of the F 1 score using latent class analysis, without relying on a gold standard. The proposed method utilizes Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling to estimate the posterior distribution of the F 1 score, enabling a comprehensive evaluation of diagnostic test methods. By applying this method to internet addiction, we demonstrate how latent class analysis can be effectively used to assess diagnostic performance, offering a practical solution for situations where no gold standard is available. The effectiveness of the proposed approach was evaluated through simulation studies by examining the coverage probability of the 95% highest density interval of the estimated posterior distributions.

Clinical characteristics and cause analysis of false-positive results in treponemal testing among patients

Background Currently, there is a dearth of systematic research data on the phenomenon of false-positive reactions in treponemal tests. The aim of this study is to analyze the clinical characteristics and influencing factors associated with false-positive treponemal tests in patients, so as to enhance the diagnostic accuracy of syphilis and mitigate misdiagnosis-induced incorrect treatment. Methods From January 2017 to December 2023, a total of 759 cases with false-positive results for treponema were screened for blood transfusion, surgery, or other medical interventions at Jinling hospital. The demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of patients were retrospectively analyzed to identify the risk factors associated with false-positive reactions in treponemal antibody screening. Results The results indicated that individuals under 18 years old, over 45 years old and males exhibited a higher false-positive rate for treponemal tests (p < 0.001). The false-positive rates of treponema were found to be higher in the fields of pediatrics, nephrology, and internal medicine (p < 0.05). There was no difference observed in ABO blood group distribution (p > 0.05). .Furthermore, the levels of treponema antibody and coagulation function were found to be associated with the occurrence of false-positive syphilis test results. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that ≤18 years, ≥45 years, male were independent risk factors (p < 0.01). Conclusion This study demonstrates that the false-positive rate of treponemal tests can be increased by factors such as age, gender, immune diseases, and coagulation disorders. The treponemal antibodies titer level is a valuable reference for assessing false-positive results. To enhance the accuracy of syphilis diagnosis, multiple risk factors should be considered when interpreting results from treponemal tests.

Attitudes toward artificial intelligence and robots in healthcare in the general population: a qualitative study

BackgroundThe growth of the use of artificial intelligence (AI) and robotic solutions in healthcare is accompanied by high expectations for improved efficiency and quality of services. However, the use of such technologies can be a source of anxiety for patients whose expectations and experiences with such technology differ from medical staff's. This study assessed attitudes toward AI and robots in delivering health services and performing various tasks in medicine and related fields in Polish society.Methods50 semistructured in-depth interviews were conducted with participants of diversified socio-demographic profiles. The interviewees were initially recruited for the interviews in a convenience sample; then, the process was continued using the snowballing technique. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed using the MAXQDA Analytics Pro 2022 program (release 22.7.0). An interpretative approach to qualitative content analysis was applied to the responses to the research questions.ResultsThe analysis of interviews yielded three main themes: positive and negative perceptions of the use of AI and robots in healthcare and ontological concerns about AI, which went beyond objections about the usefulness of the technology. Positive attitudes toward AI and robots were associated with overall higher trust in technology, the need to adequately respond to demographic challenges, and the conviction that AI and robots can lower the workload of medical personnel. Negative attitudes originated from convictions regarding unreliability and the lack of proper technological and political control over AI; an equally important topic was the inability of artificial entities to feel and express emotions. The third theme was that the potential interaction with machines equipped with human-like traits was a source of insecurity.ConclusionsThe study showed that patients' attitudes toward AI and robots in healthcare vary according to their trust in technology, their recognition of urgent problems in healthcare (staff workload, time of diagnosis), and their beliefs regarding the reliability and functioning of new technologies. Emotional concerns about contact with artificial entities looking or performing like humans are also important to respondents' attitudes.

Abstract A006: Using ChatGPT to solve clinical radiobiology problems

Abstract ChatGPT is a powerful large language model and has been applied to many fields in medicine. Radiobiology is the key in the determining of radiation dose in radiation oncology. We would like to test the efficacy of using ChatGPT in clinical radiobiology. A set of 30 clinical radiobiology questions were used in this study. OpenAI API was used to query GPT-4O and generate corresponding answers (Access Date: 2024/6/26). Five different prompts (involving role-playing, role-playing with in-context learning, chain of thought, chain of thought with in-context training, and in-context training) and no prompt were used to test the ability of the model. Questions were further divided into two subgroups, 15 questions without alpha-beta ratio and 15 questions with alpha-beta ratio(s). Answers were graded using the below grading system: Grade 1: totally incorrect; Grade 2: partially correct (either answer or calculation process is correct); Grade 3: totally correct (both answer and calculation process are correct). The chi-square test was used to compare results between different situations. R studio and R language were used in the statistical analysis; p &amp;lt;0.05 is set as statistically significant. The detailed results for each prompt are shown below: No prompt(grade 1: 9, grade 2: 3, grade 3: 18), role-playing (grade 1: 7, grade 2: 6, grade 3: 17), role-playing with in-context learning(grade 1: 10, grade 2: 7, grade 3: 13), chain of thought(grade 1: 10, grade 2: 5, grade 3: 15), chain of thought with in-context learning(grade 1: 11, grade 2: 2, grade 3: 17), and in-context learning(grade 1: 10, grade 2: 4, grade 3: 16). For grade 1 versus grade 2-3, Chi-square test showed p-value = 0.6708, and for grade 1-2 versus grade 3, chi-square test showed p-value = 0.829. That meant that the performances were similar regardless of the prompt. The detailed results for two question types are shown below: questions without alpha-beta ratio (grade 1: 53, grade 2: 10, grade 3: 27), questions with alpha-beta ratio(s) (grade 1: 4, grade 2: 17, grade 3: 69). For grade 1 versus grade 2-3, Chi-square test showed p-value &amp;lt;0.01, and for grade 1-2 versus grade 3, chi-square test showed p-value &amp;lt;0.01. That meant that the performances were different between question with and without alpha-beta ratio(s). In conclusion, without prompting, ChatGPT can correct about 60% of questions. Using different prompts cannot enhance performance. ChatGPT can perform well in questions with alpha-beta ratio(s). Citation Format: Yung-Shuo Kao, Che-Wei Su, Kun-Yao Dai. Using ChatGPT to solve clinical radiobiology problems. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference in Cancer Research: Translating Targeted Therapies in Combination with Radiotherapy; 2025 Jan 26-29; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2025;31(2_Suppl):Abstract nr A006.

Laboratory animals anesthesia recommendations for biomedical research purposes

Anesthesia is widely used in experimental biomedical research to anesthetize and immobilize laboratory animals during surgical interventions and experimental procedures. In contrast to clinical and veterinary anesthesiology, an important aspect of anesthesia in laboratory animals is to minimize the effect of anesthetics on the results of the study. On November 19, 2022, the IV Scientific and Practical Conference “Experimental Surgery, Anesthesiology and Reanimatology of Laboratory Animals” was held in Moscow, where the community of specialists in the field of laboratory animal science, experimental surgery, pathophysiology, veterinary medicine, clinical and veterinary anesthesiology discussed various aspects of anesthesia in laboratory animals. This review is based on the conference proceedings and is devoted to general issues of animal anesthesia, its technological aspects (methods, equipment and consumables), consideration of advantages and disadvantages of the most commonly used inhalation and injection anesthetics.The advantages and schemes of modern combined anesthesia are substantiated, in particular, the need for adequate intraoperative analgesia and the possibility of regional anesthesia. The use of obsolete and non-recommended drugs is also discussed. The review and recommendations have a practical orientation and are intended for biomedical researchers who use laboratory animals in basic, translational and regulated preclinical studies.

Technical considerations and review of urinary microRNAs as biomarkers for chronic kidney disease in dogs and cats.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) are small, non-coding RNAs that play a crucial role in gene regulation, making them potential biomarkers for various diseases. In the field of veterinary medicine, there is a growing interest in exploring the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of miRNAs in kidney diseases affecting dogs and cats. This review focuses on the use of urinary miRNAs as biomarkers for chronic kidney disease (CKD) in these companion animals. We introduce miRNAs, their biogenesis, and their presence in biofluids, particularly within exosomes, and discuss studies investigating miRNAs in kidney tissue and urine. We acknowledge the challenges associated with miRNA studies, including preanalytical factors such as biological variation, sample collection/processing, storage conditions, and experimental design. We highlight the importance of technical considerations, such as sample pooling, sequencing depth, multiplexing, and the various steps of the miRNA experimental workflow. Furthermore, we discuss RNA isolation methods, small RNA sequencing data analysis, and the use of quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) and droplet digital PCR for verification. We emphasize the importance of internal controls, spike-ins, and normalization methods to minimize technical variation and ensure reliable results in qRT-PCR analysis. This review concludes that while urinary miRNAs hold promise as non-invasive biomarkers for CKD in dogs and cats, addressing the challenges and standardization of protocols is vital for the successful translation of this research into clinical practice.

Real world efficacy of omalizumab in reducing surgical intervention for nasal polyps in Samter’s triad

The advancements in the field of medicine, particularly in the field of drug application, has told us that Omalizumab has a significant impact on the management of nasal polyps, especially in the context of Samter’s triad. Our letter highlights the role of omalizumab in reducing the surgical interventions for nasal polyps which has been a longstanding challenge in the population in the past.

Nanoenzyme-Anchored Mitofactories Boost Mitochondrial Transplantation to Restore Locomotor Function after Paralysis Following Spinal Cord Injury.

Mitochondrial transplantation is a significant therapeutic approach for addressing mitochondrial dysfunction in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI), yet it is limited by rapid mitochondrial deactivation and low transfer efficiency. Here, high-quality mitochondria microfactories (HQ-Mitofactories) were constructed by anchoring Prussian blue nanoenzymes onto mesenchymal stem cells for effective mitochondrial transplantation to treat paralysis from SCI. Notably, the results demonstrated that HQ-Mitofactories could continuously produce vitality-boosting mitochondria with highly interconnected and elongated network structures under oxidative stress by scavenging excessive ROS. Furthermore, HQ-Mitofactories enabled efficient transfer of therapeutic mitochondria to injured neurons primarily via gap junctions, resulting in the restoration of mitochondrial homeostasis and thereby suppressing intracellular ROS burst and facilitating neuronal repair. After i.v. administration, HQ-Mitofactories migrated to the injured spinal cords of SCI mice and subsequently promoted neuronal regeneration and remyelination. Consequently, HQ-Mitofactory-treated mice successfully recovered locomotor function within 4 weeks, with 40% of the mice fully restoring walking after hindlimb paralysis. Conversely, untreated SCI exhibited completely abolished hindlimb movements. In light of real-time generation of vitality-boosting mitochondria even under oxidative stress and enabling targeted mitochondrial transfer, HQ-Mitofactories have promising therapeutic potential in the context of mitochondrial transplantation to reduce SCI-related paralysis, and more broadly impact the field of neuroregenerative medicine.

IR-Driven Multisignal Conditioning for Multiplex Detection: Thermal-Responsive Triple DNA-Mediated Reconfigurable Photoelectrochemical/Photothermal Dual-Mode Strategy.

Superior to traditional multiplex photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensors, integrated multitarget assay on a single reconstructive electrode interface is promising in real-time detection through eliminating the need of specialized instrumentation and cumbersome interfacial modifications. Current interface reconstruction approaches including pH modulation and bioenzyme cleavage involve biohazardous and time-consuming operations, which cannot meet the demand for rapid, eco-friendly, and portable detection, which are detrimental to the development of multiplex PEC sensors toward portability. Herein, we report a pioneer work on IR-driven "four-to-one" multisignal conditioning to facile reconfigure electrode interface for multitarget detection via photoelectrochemical/photothermal dual mode. The copper sulfide quantum dot (CuS QD) with excellent photoelectrochemical properties and a photothermal effect is first labeled on DNA S2. Once the CuS QD-S2 complementarily pairs with the DNA S3 on the photocathode surface, thermal-responsive triple DNA is formed, and the photocurrent and photothermal dual-mode signals for one target assay are produced. Upon the dissociation of the triple DNA by IR irradiation, the electrode interface is reconfigured for the self-calibrating dual-mode detection of another target. The feasibility of the IR-driven multisignal conditioning sensor is confirmed by detecting coexistent antibiotics kanamycin (KANA) and neomycin (NEO) in complex real samples. The low-loss interface reconfiguration and rapid "four-to-one" multisignal modulation highlight a broad prospect for self-calibrating multiplex assay in the fields of environment, medicine, and food safety.

Extraction and purification of Ophiopogon japonicus polysaccharides, structural characterization, biological activity, safety evaluation, chemical modification and potential applications: A review.

Ophiopogonis japonicus is a famous medicinal plant in China with a long history of medicinal and food origin. It contains various chemical components, such as polysaccharides, steroidal saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, etc. According to traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theory, it has the efficacy of moistening the lungs and nourishing the yin, benefiting the stomach by generating fluids, and clearing the heart to get rid of vexation. Ophiopogonis japonicus polysaccharides (OJPs), the critical biologically active macromolecules of Ophiopogonis japonicus, have various bioactivities including hypoglycemia, hypolipidemicity, hepato-protection, regulation of intestinal flora, immune modulation, antioxidant, protective activity against cardiac injury, antitumor, etc., and have been widely used in the traditional medicine field and modern pharmacological research. In this paper, we reviewed the extraction, isolation, purification methods, biological activities, chemical modifications, safety evaluation, and potential applications of OJPs, and made a prospect of their related research to reveal their mechanism of action and expand their application areas, to provide a strong theoretical basis for the further development of OJPs.

Study on structure, properties and formation mechanism of cassava starch-faba bean protein heat-induced gel.

In this experiment, the effects of different concentrations of cassava starch (CS) on the gel behavior of faba bean protein (FBP) were studied, focusing on the structural characteristics, gel characteristics and physical and chemical characteristics of the gel system. Specifically, with the increase of CS concentration from 4 % to 12 %, the morphology of the sample changed from fluid to gel solid. From the molecular structure, different concentrations of CS affected the secondary and tertiary structures of FBP protein, which made aromatic amino acids move to the surface of protein and promoted the transformation from α-helix to β-sheet. In addition, free sulfhydryl groups are converted into disulfide bonds, which increases the number of hydrogen bonds in the system. Microscopically, high temperature treatment leads to the cracking of CS and FBP structures, which enhances the noncovalent interactions between them, and forms a compact and smaller pore three-dimensional network structure, providing more channels for external moisture to transfer to the inside. From the gel characteristics, the water holding capacity, viscoelasticity and mechanical behavior of the composite gel were improved when the concentration of CS was 6 %-12 %. This work provides reference for the application of cassava starch-faba bean protein gel in specific food and medicine fields.

Behavioral Medicine Can Tackle Cardiovascular Disease Risk and Burden: A Call for New Priorities

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the number one cause of death in the US. Annual costs of CVD are estimated at $600 billion annually, and projected to top $1.1 trillion by 2035. Modifiable behavior and psychosocial factors contribute more than 50% to CVD risk, prognosis, and health-related quality of life. Leading cardiology professional groups have called for attention to these factors as part of prevention and treatment of CVD, yet the integration of behavioral and psychosocial health as part of overall CV care remains to be realized. The field of cardiovascular behavioral medicine could address this evidence-to-implementation gap; policy implications for changes in research, training and healthcare will be required.

MODERN POSSIBILITIES OF USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TECHNOLOGIES IN CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of morbidity, disability and mortality worldwide. The emergence of new technologies and the introduction of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) have opened up opportunities for doctors to improve the effectiveness of diagnostic and therapeutic measures. The exponential development of AI, mainly in the fields of MO and deep learning (DL), is rapidly attracting the interest of clinicians in creating new integrated, reliable and effective methods of medical care. Cardiologists use a wide range of imaging-based diagnostic measures, which gives them access to more extensive quantitative information about patients compared to many other specialties. The purpose of the review is to summarize current literature data on the use of AI in the diagnosis of CVD, as well as to identify knowledge gaps that require further research. Cardiology is one of the fields of medicine where the methods of ML and DL have become widespread and have shown promising results. In echo-CG, SNN were successfully used to measure parameters of cardiac function. In cardiac CT, DL algorithms contributed to more accurate detection of coronary artery stenosis and calcification (CCA), and determination of plaque characteristics. In MRI, CNTs were used to solve problems such as automatic segmentation of chambers and structures of the heart, determination of tissue properties and perfusion analysis. As AI and MO technologies evolve, their integration opens up new opportunities. AI technologies are of great interest in the healthcare sector, due to the ability to analyze vast amounts of information in a short time, demonstrating high efficiency. AI can be an additional help to specialists, contributing to an increase in the efficiency of the workflow and medical care.